PROTEUS JOURNAL ISSN/eISSN: 0889-6348

FABRICATION OF WATER PURIFICATION

SYSTEM BY PEDALING METHOD
1
R. Panchamoorthy, 2R. Velappan, 3P. Balashanmugam,
4
G. Balasubramaniam
1,2&4
Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu.
3
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai
University,Tamilnadu,Deputed to Central Polytechnic College,Tharamani,Chennai.
1
Deputed to Government Polytechnic College, Uthangarai.
2
Deputed to Government Engineering College, Thanjavur.
.4Deputed to Government Polytechnic College, Perunthurai.

Abstract: This project aim is to develop a mechanism for straight forwarded transportation of mass over
in the workshop. Material handling plays a major role in industries in every step of production The material
needs efficiently across the industry floor and time for full production efficiency. This project involves and
implementation of human following trolley for material handling. It is primarily designed for trolley is a small
transport device used to move a significant load from one place to another place. In most of the industries,
trolleys normally used to transport finished product or raw materials it additionally easy the movement of
trolley in irregular surface like holes pumps the need for such a system arises from day to day requirements in
over society. These trolleys are extensively used for movement of loose components within industries, stores
and warehouses.
Keywords: Hand trolley, Heavy base, Ozonation, Reverse osmosis, Wheel rotation angle

1. INTRODUCTION
A hand trolley is a small transport device used to move heavy loads from one place to
another. It is a very common tool used by a large number of Industries that transport
physical products. Also called a hand truck or a dolly, the hand trolley is often used by
stock persons who arrange and restock Merchandise in retail stores. When used properly,
trolleys can protect people from back injuries and other health problems that can result
from lifting heavy Loads. In most of the industries, trolleys normally used to transport
finished product or raw materials it additionally easy the movement of trolley in irregular
surface like holes pumps the need for such a system arises from day to day requirements
in over society. These trolleys are extensively used for movement of loose components
within industries, stores and warehouses.
The Earth is covered by 75% water, yet one of the world’s greatest issues is a lack of
drinking water. Water is a vital element on earth and is very essential to sustain life, and a
satisfactory and safe supply must be available to all. But nowadays, the water is getting
contaminated due to industrialization, which produce large amounts of wastes which
contains toxic chemicals and pollutants which leads to many water related diseases. They
contain pollutants such as sulfur, asbestos, nitrates and harmful chemicals. In many
developing countries, many people walk miles to reach a source of water that is not
necessarily potable. Water can contain dirt, minerals, chemicals and other impurities that
make it smell and taste bad. Some of these contaminants can endanger health, especially
when they include microscopic organisms and bacteria that can cause serious illness.
Humans can live for weeks without food, but only a few days without water (Water.org
Inc., 2009). Many people in developing countries barely have access to any water source
at all and for those that do, the water is completely filthy and disease-ridden.
To decrease the contamination of water, we can use different processes such as boiling,
distillation, water chlorination, sedimentation, reverse osmosis, solid block activated
carbon, granular activated carbon, water softeners, sediment filters, boiling, bottled water,
ozonation, ion exchange and filtration. Among all the above process mentioned Reverse

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Osmosis is best suited for issues which were originally designed for mainly two things,
they are: Desalination of brackish water or sea water and reducing very specific chemical
contaminants. Reverse Osmosis is needed to remove Fluoride, sodium, total dissolved
salts, or chemicals like arsenic, radium and nitrates. The water purification system can be
operated by means of many ways like electrical energy, solar energy, thermal energy,
gravitational potential energy, magnetic energy etc. but needs many resources making the
process costlier. But there are newer methods like pedal powered water purification
(PPWF) which makes the process less costly and several authors worked on it.
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological
contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water. The goal is to produce water fit for
a specific purpose. Most water is disinfected for human consumption
(Drinking water), but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other
purposes, including fulfilling the requirements of medical, pharmacological, chemical and
industrial applications. The methods used include physical processes such as filtration,
sedimentation, and distillation; biological processes such as slow sand filters or
biologically active carbon; chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination and
the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.
Purifying water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter, including suspended
particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, as well as reduce the concentration of a
range of dissolved and particulate matter.
The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by
international standards. These standards usually include minimum and maximum
concentrations of contaminants, depending on the intended purpose of water use.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature view is carried out for what has been studied and what is being modified
regarding the project and what the earlier work has done on the project.
Ademola Samuel Akinwonmi et. al (2012)has prepared pedal powered water purification
and design was focused on process of conception, invention, visualization, calculation,
etc. he also made a force analysis to check performance criteria. The physical parameter
of design was determined by the appropriate calculation and the practical consideration
with some reasonable assumption. It is discovered that the design is simple, cheap,
efficient and affordable as could be seen from the readily available materials used. It also
uses the Bernoulli’s principle for the flow calculation with the help of peristaltic pump.
Betzabe Gonzalez et. al (2014) has studied in the design and he used peristaltic pump with
silicone tubing. This tubing was visually better suited for our project having no kinds to
reduce flow, easy to clean and flexible enough to create suction between rollers. The
sidecar is added to the bicycle for the two tanks set up one of dirty water & other of clean
water tank for utilization around the home. Filtered water we get through this design.
Yuichi katsuara et. Al (2011) president of the Nippon basic company was the first
company to give Portable Water Purifying System “Cycloclean” powered by pedaling
bicycle to make 5 liter (max.) of clean water in a minute at a technology fair in Tokyo. It
needs man power to turn a bike chain driving motor to pump water through a series of
filter (without the use of electricity). Clean water can be utilized for domestic purpose.
Peramanan et. al (2014) has studied the fabrication of Human Power Reverse Osmosis
Water Purification Process. The device use pedal to harm human motion to convert it into
usable power to run a reverse osmosis filtration system. Osmosis is a natural process in
which a liquid from a less concentrated solution flows through a semi permeable

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membrane to a more concentrated solution.Reverse osmosis is an effective method of

reducing the concentration of total dissolved solid sand many impurities found in water.
The project has been carried out to make an impressing task in the field of water
purification method
M venkata praveen kumar et al (2017) , given his idea of purification of water by bicycle
to harness human motion to convert it into usable power to run a reverse osmosis filtration
system. The flow rate was determined according to the given information from the reverse
osmosis manufacturer.
Anusha Pikle, Yash Siriah et al (2017), gave a paper which analyzes the design of a pedal
operated water filtration system to be used by local dwellers. It works on the principle of
compression and sudden release of a tube by creating negative pressure in the tube and
this vacuum created draws water from the sump into the pump while rollers push the
water through to the filter where adsorption takes place to purify the water. Anand and
ramprasad et al (2017), reviewed the literature regarding a variety of portable water
purification techniques like boiling, solar water disinfection, sedimentation and ceramic
filters coagulation, adsorption (activated carbon), chlorination,uv irradiation, ultra
filtration, reverse osmosis and other combined methods that have been predominantly
used at the household level.
Jayant Gidwani et al (2016), In this paper author mentioned about fan pump (ppwp) along
with its purification which has been used for pure drinking water supply and garden
irrigation. PPWP will consist of a centrifugal pump operated by pedal power. The
centrifugal pump is positioned on its stand in such a way that the driven shaft of the
centrifugal pump was butted to the bicycle wheel. PPWP provides drinking water
lubrication of ppwp. And experimentally investigates the working of pedal powered water
and irrigation in remote areas where electricity is not available

3. COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

The main components used to fabricate the model are:
 Wheels
 Heavy base
 Handle
3.1.Wheels
3 Wheels have the high weight bearing capacity and there is a great tensile strength in the
wheels of the trolleys. This is why such a wheel is used widely in the construction
industry for moving the material from one place to another place as shown in figure1.
Wheel rotation angle of 360 ° .

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Figure 1.Wheels
3.2.Heavy base
 With the platform trolley base, it becomes very easy to transport bricks ,woods
,cement and plumbing supplies .
 In fact, the very purpose of the trolley is to facilities easy transportation of goods
from one region to another as shown in figure 2.It may be used to carry home
applications like refrigerator, washing machine.

Figure 2.Heavy base

3.3.Handle
 Open your trolley and find the screws holding your trolley handle in the space.
 Detach the screws and remove the broken handle of your trolley.
 Place the new handle on your trolley handle in place of the old one as shown in
figure 3.

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Figure 3. Handle

4. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The trolley can be used for carrying heavy weights mechanical components in one place
to another horizontally and also un- even floors. A typical hand trolley consists of two
small wheels located beneath a Load-bearing platform; the hand trolley usually has two
handles on its support frame these handles are used to push, pull and maneuver the device
as shown in figure4.The handles may extend from the top rear of the frame, or one handle
may curve from the back.An empty hand trolley usually stands upright in an L-shape, and
products are usually stacked on top of the platform. When the goods are in place, it is
tilted backward so that the load is balanced between the platform and the support
frame.Especially if heavy or fragile materials are moved, the person operating the trolley
should return it to an upright position carefully, to ensure nothing falls off the platform

Figure 4.A typical hand trolley

4.1.Advantage
 Increase production rate.
 We can select a trolley that suits our requirements.
 Unbreakable and Sturdy.
 Long lasting and Low maintenance.
 Value for money.
 Easy to store and Variety of storage.
 Speed of service.
4.2.Application

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 There are places where goods need to be taken to the targeted industries or for
handling equipment at workplaces.
 Here a trolley can be used to lift those goods to the targeted places or can be used
to list heavy goods in a workshop.

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TABLE 1.LIST OF MATERIALS

SI. NO NAME OF THE PARTS MATERIALS

1 Wheels Cast iron

2 Heavy base Cast steel

3 Handle Stainless steel

5.CONCLUSIONS
Though this project had some limitations regarding the strength and built of the
structure, it can be a small step forward, as handle trolley vehicles are concerned. During
the test run of this project, it was realized that it would be a bad idea to consider this
design for carrying heavy loads up the stair .This product will be well acclaimed if it can
be commercialized to suit the needs.As far as the commercial aspects of the product are
concerned, if this product can be fully manual and produced at a lower cost the
acceptance will be unimaginable. Presently, there are no competitors for such a kind of
project in our college.

REFERENCES
[1] S. Akinwonmi, S. K. Adzimah, F. Oppong, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana. 2012,Pedal Powered
reciprocating Pump Purified Water Supply System,Innovative Systems Design and
Engineering ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online) ,Vol 3, No.11.
[2] Atul.P.Ganorkar, K.S.Zakiuddin, H.A.Hussain, “An Experiment on Development of
Pedal Operated Water Pump”, IOSR, e-ISSN:2278-1684,(2014).
[3] Vishal Garg, Neelesh Khandare, Gautam Yadav, “An Experimental Setup and
Design of Pedal Powered Water Pump”, International Journal of Engineering
Research and Technology (Vol.2, Issue.1)(2013).
[4] Ademola Samuel Akinwonmi, Stephen Kwasi Adzimah,Fredrick Oppong, “An
Experiment on Pedal Powered Centrifugal Pump for Purified Water Supply
Device”ISDE (Vol.3, No.11) (2012).
[5] Bryan Lee, “A Design of Simple Human Powered Water Pump”, International
Journal of Technology(2007).
[6] M.Serazul Islam, M.Zakaria Hossai and M.Abdul Khadir,“Design and Development
of Pedal Pump for Low Lift Irrigation”, JARD, 5(1&2)116-126 (2007).
[7] Yuichi Katsuara (2011) President Of Nippon Basic Company “Japan Touts Pedal
Powered Water Filteration” February 17,2011.
[8] A.Peramanan, a.Anto Willy Bald, p.Arunkumar, g.Naveen Kumar, a.Veera Sekar,
“Fabrication Of Human Powered Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Process” Vol.2
Issue.3,2014.
[9] V k Ravi, Sushmitha v, m Venkata Praveen Kumar, Amal Thomas, “Reverse
Osmosis Water Purification By Cycling Action”(Ijlera) Issn: 2455-7137 Volume –
02, Issue – 05, May – 2017.
[10] Anusha Pikle, Altaf Somani, Sanjay n.Havaldar , Yash Siriah And Samiksha Patil,
“Pedal Operated Water Filtration System (Mobifilt)”
Http://Inpressco.Com/Category/Ijcet Ijcet Special Issue-4 (March 2016).

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[11] Anand b. Rao And Ramprasad v, Seminar Report On Portable Water Purifiers,
Centre For Technology Alternatives For Rural Areas (Ctara), Indian Institute Of
Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, November, 2014, 36-37.
[12] Jayant Gidwani, Amit Kesheorey, Ratnesh Mishra, Rahul Lowanshi, Nitesh
Lowanshi, “Pedal Powered Water Pumping And
[13] Purification” Ijsart - Volume 2 Issue 5 –May 2016.
[14] Betzabe Gonzalez, Sandra Lazte, Justin Cromartie, Kenneth Hernandez (2014) from
Florida international university “Bicycle Powered Water Filtration System“
November 26, 2014
Web references:
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/colebrook-equationd_
1031.html
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/dynamic-absolutekinematic-
viscosity-d_412.html

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