Name: …………………………………………..

……… Date: ………………………………………

IDIOMS: Introduction
IDIOMS IMPORTANT
Eg: I could eat a horse. (rất đói)
Money doesn't grow on trees. (Tiền không tự nhiên mà có)
It's not up to scratch. (Tùy vào yêu cầu)
I got there in the nick of time. (vừa kịp lúc)
 Ngôn ngữ bao gồm cả nghĩa đen và nghĩa bóng
* Nghĩa đen:
Eg: I've been out fishing but caught absolutely nothing
(Tôi vừa ra ngoài câu cá, nhưng không bắt được gì!)
* Nghĩa bóng:
Eg: Yesterday I caught the bus. (bắt xe buýt)
- He caught my attention. (nắm bắt được sự chú ý)
- Wait while I catch my breath. (lấy lại hơi thở)
- Look at the tan! you've caught the Sun. (bắt lấy ánh nắng bị cháy nắng)
- I didn't quite catch what you said. (bắt kịp điều bạn nói)
 Nghĩa bóng được dùng nhiều hơn nghĩa đen
IDIOMS ARE FIXED
Ex 1: Given the following idioms, translate the following sentence into Vietnamese
up to my eyes = busy out of my depth = beyond my knowledge (ngoài tầm hiểu biết)
over the moon = very excited break my heart = very sad
1. I'm up to my eyes in work at the moment
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. At the meeting I saw the bead out of my depth
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I was over the moon when I heard she's had twins
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. It broke my mother's heart to see her home burnt to the ground.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex 2: Based on the following examples to guess meaning of the next ones
1. The river flooded several villages. → The crowd flooded onto the football pitch. (sân bóng)
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Piles (đống) of British lay everywhere. → He’s got piles of money.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I love roast potatoes. → Covid-19. Now that's a very hot potato!
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I got an uncle at sea. I'm all at sea.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex 3: Underline the idioms and idiomatic expression in the following sentences:
1. I'm feeling a bit under the weather this morning. (ốm)
2. We arrived in the nick of time. (vừa kịp lúc)
3. I know London like the back of my hand. (hiểu rõ như lòng bàn tay)
4. Let's look on the bright side, shall we? (lạc quan)
Ex 4: Look at these pairs of sentences. decide which contains the literal (L) and which the non-
literal (metaphorical - M) use of words in bold, then translate each one into Vietnamese.
1a. ____ I've lost my car keys.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1b. ____ I've lost my confidence.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2a. ____ I picked up a few bargains (món hời) at the market on Sunday.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2b. ____ I can’t pick up my suitcase. There’s too much in it.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3a. ____ We can’t seat here. The ground is too wet.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3b. ____ This idea will never get off the ground.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4a. ____ So, what’s your side of the story?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4b. ____ Somebody’s put a scratch right down the side of my car.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5a. ____ I don’t know what I’ve done to my back. It really hurts when I bend.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5b. ____ Have you been talking about me behind my back?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6a. ____ She can be a bit aggressive (nóng nảy). But her heart is in the right place.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6b. ____ Did you hear my father’s had a heart attack, but she’s all right now.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex 5: Pick 10 idioms you have learnt today and make sentences with them:

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
IDIOMS: Time is money
We spend money. We spend time doing something. We even spend a lot of time spending money! The
idea that time is money is very common. Here are 16 sentences – 8 literal and 8 metaphorical.
Ex 1: Write the metaphorical sentence under the one with the literal meaning:
a. Could you spare 5 minutes for a chat?
b. 40 minutes waiting for a bus! What a waste of time!
c. It’s worth spending at least two days in Oxford.
d. You’ll have to finish now. We’re run out of time.
e. I’m busy today, but I can make time for you tomorrow afternoon.
f. Let’s get a taxi. I’ll save at least 20 minutes.
g. Venice is definitely worth a whole week.
h. I’m so busy at work. I can’t afford more than a week off a time.
1. I spent over £100 today.

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I’ve been trying to save at least £10 a week all year.

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. £2000 for a holiday! What a waste of money!

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Can you spare me 50p for a cup of tea?

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. I could manage £70 a week, but I simply can’t afford £100 for a flat.

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I’ve run out of cash. Is there a cash machine anywhere near here?

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Buy a second-hand car. New ones just aren’t worth the money.

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. We made over a thousand of pounds at our Christmas Fair.

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
* Note: You can say: “He spent his life working for the poor.”
Or you can see a News report: “This government is living on borrowed time.”
Ex 2: Choose one of the following words in each space to complete the idioms:
1. I've had to go the doctor about my eyes. I spend/ save at least 6 hours a day in front of my
computer.
2. If you want to get to college quicker, waste/ save time: don't drive, buy a bike!
3. I don't get home till 10 o'clock every night, so I value/ afford the free time I have at weekends.
4. If you're thinking of going to see the new Bond movie, don't bother. It's a short/ waste of time.
5. Sorry I wasn't able to get that book for you. I just run out of/ make time.
6. Can you spare/ value a minute or two? I just want to ask you something.
7. I'm sorry I can't save/ afford the time right now. I've got a plane to catch.
8. I work long hours so the time I spend with my family is very short of/ precious to me.
9. I hate airports. You make/ waste so much time just queuing!
10. I think we should hurry up. We're short of/ plenty of time.
11. There's short of/ plenty of time. Don't worry! The train doesn't leave for an hour.
12. There's no way I can value/ make the time to see you before the end of the week.
Ex 3: Complete these common expressions with the words below, use can use some words twice.
Change the form of the words if necessary.
afford waste (verb) plenty make save run out of
spare waste (noun) value short of precious spend
1. I seem to _____________________ all my time dealing with other people's mistakes.
2. I'm sorry I just can't ___________________ the time at the msoment.
3. Could you ___________________ me a minute or two?
4. Stop ___________________ your time! Get on with your work.
5. Why not ring the helpline? It'll ___________________ you hours trying to solve the problem on
your own.
6. We'd better get a taxi to the station. We're ___________________ time.

GRAMMAR: Past time (Thì quá khứ)

Ex 1: Choose a suitable description for each picture.

____ a) When he left the house, Peter forgot that he had put his passport and wallet in his other jacket.
____ b) After phoning the airport, Peter packed his suitcase.
____ c) When he returned from Portugal in March, Peter put his passport and wallet in his jacket pocket.
____ d) A few days before leaving for his summer holiday, Peter phoned the airport to check his flight.
____ e) While Peter was packing his suitcase, he realised that he hadn't checked his flight.
____ f) While Peter was packing his suitcase, the phone rang.

Ex 2: Underline the most suitable verb form in each sentence. The first one is done for you.
a) I suddenly remembered that I forgot/had forgotten my keys.
b) While Diana watched/was watching her favourite television programme, there was a power-cut.
c) Tom used to live/would live in the house at the end of the street.
d) Who was driving/drove the car at the time of the accident?
e) By the time Sheila got back, Chris went/had gone.
f) David ate/had eaten Japanese food before, so he knew what to order.
g) I did/was doing some shopping yesterday, when I saw that Dutch friend of yours.
h) I used to like/was liking sweets much more than I do now.
i) What exactly were you doing/did you do when I came into your office yesterday?
j) Laura missed the party because no-one was telling/had told her about it.
k) Tanya would/used to be a doctor.
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
GRAMMAR: Past time (Cont.)
Ex 1: Put each verb in brackets into a suitable past verb form. Only use the past perfect where
this is absolutely necessary.
a) While I (try) was trying to get my car started, a passing car (stop) ___________ and the driver
(offer) ___________ to help me.
b) The police (pay) ___________ no attention to Clare's complaint because she (phone) _________
___________ them so many times before.
c) Mary (not wear) ___________ her glasses at the time, so she (not notice) ________________ what
kind of car the man (drive) ___________.
d) Nick (lie) ___________ down on the grass for a while, next to some tourists who (feed)
___________ the ducks.
e) Tony (admit) ___________ that he (hit) ___________ the other car, but said that he (not damage)
___________ it.
f) Sorry, I (not listen) _______________ to you. I (think) ________________ about something else.
g) Helen (feel) ____________ very tired, and when she (finish) ___________ her work, she (fall)
___________ asleep.
h) The police (get) ___________ to Clare's house as fast as they could, but the burglars (disappear)
_______________
i) I (phone) _____________ you last night but you (not answer) ______________ . What (you/ do)
_______ ______________ ?
j) We (not go) ___________ out yesterday because it (rain) ___________
*Glossary:
- offer (v): đề nghị - complaint (n): lời phàn nàn
- admit (v): thừa nhận - damage (v): phá hoại
- burglar (n): kẻ trộm (đột nhập) - disappear (v): biến mất
Ex 2: Decide whether the verb form in italics (in nghiêng) is suitable or unsuitable:
a) While I had a bath, someone knocked on the door. unsuitable
b) Sally didn't go to a boxing match before. ___________
c) Harry tried to repair the car, but he didn't really know what he was doing. ___________
d) What did you wear to the Ponsonby's party? ___________
e) Were you eating spaghetti every day when you lived in Italy? ___________
f) I didn't know you had bought a new car. ___________
g) They all wanted to believe her, but suspected she was lying. ___________
h) As Peggy walked home, she tried to remember what happened. ___________
i) 'What a terrible day!' thought Lucy. Everything had gone wrong! ___________
j) Although it rained a lot, I was enjoying my holiday last year. ___________
Ex 3: Put each verb in brackets into a suitable past verb form:
When Professor Mallory, the famous archaeologist, (1) invited (invite) me to take part in his
expedition to find the Lost City of the Himalayas, I (2) _______________ (not hesitate) to accept his
invitation. Mallory (3) _______________ (discover) an ancient map showing the position of the city,
although no European (4) __________________ (ever go) to the area before.
 In fact, most of Mallory's colleagues either (5) _________ (believe) that the city (6)
_______________ (never exist) or (7) _________ (feel) that it (8) ______________ (vanish) long ago
and (9) ___________ (become) simply a legend. According to the Professor, the builders of the city
(10) _______________ (hide) it among the mountains in order to protect its immense riches. He (11)
_______________ (believe) that the descendants of these ancient people (12) _______________ (still
keep) themselves apart from the rest of mankind for the very same reasons. So when we
(13)_______________ (set off) on a cool May morning towards the distant mountains, each of us (14)
_______________ (look forward) to exciting discoveries. For a week or more we
(15)_______________ (climb) higher and higher, following the map, which Mallory
(16)_______________ (study) from time to time. Then one afternoon, while we (17)_______________
(rest) at the top of a valley, we (18) _______________ (notice) that a rider on a horse (19)
_______________ (wave) at us from the other side of the valley. A rider whose clothes (20)
______________ (shine) like gold!
*Glossary:
- archaeologist /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/ (n): nhà khảo cổ học - hesitate (v): ngần ngại, chần chừ
- expedition /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/ (n): chuyến thám hiểm - colleague (n): đồng nghiệp
- invitation (n): lời mời - exist (v): tồn tại
- vanish (v): biến mất - legend (n): huyền thoại
- hide (v): giấu - immense (adj) = enormous
- descendants (n): hậu duệ - ancient (v): cổ
- set off (v): khởi hành - look forward to (v) mong chờ
- rest (v): nghỉ ngơi - notice (v): nhìn thấy, để ý
- wave (v): vẫy tay - shine (v): phát sáng, tỏa sáng
Ex 4: Add the words or phrases in the box to each group.
badminton yoga fishing tennis origami
novel cake DIY friends exercise
museum picnic newspaper skateboarding handmade cards
sport to local park performances a poem
1. Playing: football, ......................................................................................................................
2. Doing: judo, ..............................................................................................................................
3. Making: craft, ...........................................................................................................................
4. Visiting: relatives, .....................................................................................................................
5. Going shopping, ........................................................................................................................
6. Reading: book, ..........................................................................................................................
Ex 5: Write the correct form of the verbs.
1. Vietnamese students love (go) ________________ picnic at the weekend.
2. I hate (spend) ________________ all day on (go) ________________ fishing.
3. People in Britain love (drink) tea with milk.
4. Do you like (listen) to music.
5. Does Anna fancy (watch) horrible movies.
6. I prefer (make) craft to (draw) a picture.
7. Kate loves (hang out) with her friends on her birthday.
8. I detest (eat) fish.
9. Do you mind (turn) off the TV?
10. Does she adore (work) with handicapped students?
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
UNIT 1: LEISURE ACTIVITIES
/ˈleʒə(r)/ /ækˈtɪvəti/
Ex 1: Complete the speech bubbles with the words in the box
club dancing festival galleries hobby
member photography sightseeing sunbathing magazine

Anna I joined a chess (1) ...................... last year and I really enjoy it now. It’s a great (2)
.................... because you have to really think about how to win. You also meet people.
Ilona I love (3) ............... to great music. My ideal weekend is going to a music (4) ..................
and seeing lots of new bands.
Ben
I love travel! My favourite activities are going (5) ........................ and visiting museums
and art (6) ......................... .

Lottie My ideal leisure activity is (7) ................................ on a beach and reading a fashion (8)
.......................... .
Karl So relaxing!
I’m quite a creative person. I bought a camera last year and took up (9) ........................
. I’m not interested in being a (10) ……………......... of a club, though. I’m quite happy to
spend time on my own.

Ex 2: Complete the dialogue with the phrases in the box.

do you agree that going back to like I said not sure, because
on a completely different subject that’s an interesting point
what do you think about this what I mean is
Sam: (1) .................................................................................................... museums should be free for
people to visit?
Ellie: I’m (2) ............................................................................................................. they cost a lot of
money to run. It seems fair that people should pay something.
Sam: Yes, but museums shouldn’t only be for rich people. (3) ..........................................................
........................................... that everyone should be able to visit them, even if they don’t have much
money.
Ellie: Yes, (4) .................................................................................................... , and I agree with
you in some ways. But (5) .................................................................................................... before,
museums are expensive, and we can’t expect the government to pay the full cost. (6) ........................
......................................................................... , Ana?
Ana: I’m not sure. I agree that someone has to pay to keep museums open, but (7) ...........................
......................................................................... what Sam said, it doesn’t seem fair that people who
don’t have much money can’t see these wonderful objects.
Sam: Thank you, Ana. (8) .................................................................................................... , do you
fancy watching a movie later?
Ex 3: Match 1–6 to a–f to make sentences about hobbies.
1. I’m not keen on cycling because a. since the water’s warmer.
2. I don’t mind going to the gym, though b. it’s cheaper than buying them!
3. I love making things because c. because they’re fun.
4. I prefer team sports to individual ones d. it often rains where I live.
5. Although I’m not very good at it, I e. it’s a bit boring.
6. I’d rather swim indoors than in a lake f. quite like dancing.
Ex 4: Now complete the sentences so that they are true for you.
1. I’m not keen on ..................................................................................................................................
2. I love ..................................................................................................................................................
3. I don’t mind .......................................................................................................................................
4. I prefer ......................................................... to ................................................................................
5. I’d rather ....................................................... than ............................................................................
Ex 6: Complete the examiner’s questions. Then listen and check.
1. What do you enjoy doing in your ............................ ?
2. Do you enjoy playing ............................ ? Which ones?
3. Do you prefer to watch sports rather than ............................ in them?
4. Do you enjoy ............................. things with other people?
5. What are the most popular sports or hobbies in your ............................. ?
6. What .......................... would you most like to try?
7. Have you ever tried any ........................... sports? Did you enjoy it?
8. How did you spend last ........................... ?
Ex 4: Choose the correct verb to complete the sentences.
1. Could I borrow / lend your tablet this evening, please?
2. Do you and your family do / make many activities together in your free time?
3. I don’t like spending / wasting my free time, so I try and do lots of things.
4. Shall I bring / take my new computer game to your house tonight?
5. Don’t forget to tell / say Anna that we’ve changed the time that we’re meeting.
6. I’ve known / met some really nice people at this concert.
7. Will you learn / teach me how to play the guitar one day?
8. Hurry up! We don’t want to lose / miss the bus to the cinema
Ex 5: Choose the correct alternative.
+ So adj (that S + V): quá …. (đến nỗi mà …) (Eg: The water is so hot that I can’t drink it.
+ Such (a/an) adj + N (that S + V): quá …. (đến nỗi mà…) (Eg: It is such hot water that I can’t drink it.)
+ Too adj for smb to V: quá … để làm gì (=> không làm được) (Eg: The water is too hot for me to drink.)
+ adj enough for smb to V: đủ … để làm gì (=> làm được) (E.g: The water is cool enough for me to drink.)
+ enough N for smb to V: có đủ … để làm gì (E.g: I have enough money to buy that book.)
1. I don’t want to swim outdoors today because it’s too / enough cold.
2. Wow! That was so / such a good film!
3. Jenny collects action figures – she’s got so / such many now that she’s got nowhere to put them.
4. I never seem to have too / enough free time.
5. Adam plays the guitar so / such well – he should be a professional musician.
6. I’m too / enough busy to go out tonight.
7. I’m not old too/ enough to take up racing.
HOMEWORK

Listen to Crystal talk about her leisure activities. Take it as an example and use the outline
given below as a clue to complete your own speech. Then record yourself talking about how
you spend your leisure time.

- Crystal:

How I spend my leisure time

My name is Crystal, I'm a student of primary five at the Woodridge girls of primary school. I
have several hobbies and I'd like to have more time to spend on them but I get a lot of homework
that takes up a lot of time. My favorite sport used to be swimming I used to spend a lot of time
at the local swimming pool at weekends and on public holidays. I also learned to dive there. My
friend, Phoebe, used to come along with me and we would race on who could do the maximum
number of laps in the swimming pool. I do not go swimming so often now. I like hiking. My
father has always been a keen hiker. Last year he began to take me with him sometimes. He
bought me a pair of hiking shoes and a backpack. At first I found it difficult to keep up with
dad. He kept on having to wait for me to catch up with him. Now that I've had quite a lot of
practice I can go much faster. I love hiking on new trails. Sometimes dad and I also take our
bikes and ride them on the trails. Mom, dad and I have been to many trails in Hong Kong. For
example, the Peak Trail, the Tai Tam Trail, the Tung Chung Trail, just to name a few. We
always stop for a while to admire the view if it is a clear day. I am really glad that I took up
hiking. Next I would like to try rock-climbing. Dad says that it is much more difficult and more
dangerous. He says that I cannot try it until I'm older.

- You:

How I spend my leisure time

My name is ___________, I'm a student of secondary eight at _____________ of secondary

school. I have several hobbies and I'd like to have more time to spend on them but I get a lot of
homework that takes up a lot of time. My favorite sport used to be _________, I used to spend
a lot of time at _______________ at weekends and on public holidays. My friend, ______, used
to come along with me and we would ___________________. I do not _________ so often
anymore. Now I like ___________. At first, I found it ________ to ______________. Now that
I've had quite a lot of practice, I can __________. I am really glad that I took up ___________.
Next I would like to try ______________ because _______.
 Name: ………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
Grammar: SO/ SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH
Ex 1: Use SO or SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH
1. The sunlight is _______ bright that she had to put on her glasses.
2. I’m not rich ___________to help you.
3. This room is ___________ dark for us to study.
4. It was ________ a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.
5. They were _________ intelligent students that they could answer all the questions.
6. The book is ___________ interesting that we decided to buy it.
7. We had _________ wonderful memories that we decided to return to that place.
8. Ray wasn’t early _________ to arrive on time.
9. He is _______ old to take that course.
10. The project was _________ a great success that the promoters decided to repeat it.
Task 2. Rewrite the following sentences as directed
1. It was such an expensive house that nobody can buy it.
 The house was .........................................................................................................................................
2. The food was so good that we ate all of it.
 It was .......................................................................................................................................................
3. The patient was too weak to get up.
 The patient was so ...................................................................................................................................
4. This room is too dark for me to study.
 The room is so ..........................................................................................................................................
5. This room is too small for us to take the meeting
 The room isn’t .........................................................................................................................................
6. The test was so difficult that we couldn’t do it.
 The test was not ......................................................................................................................................
7. The map is so old that I couldn’t read it.
 The map is too .........................................................................................................................................
8. He spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him well
 He didn’t speak slowly ............................................................................................................................
Task 3. Combine these pairs of sentences using "so……..that"
1. That woman was very tall. She could almost touch the ceiling.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
2. This coat is very big. I can't wear it.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
3. The coffee was so strong. She couldn't go to sleep.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
4. That bag was very heavy. None of us could carry it.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
5. The stadium is very large. It can hold 60,000 people.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
6. Those lessons are very difficult. He can't understand them.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
7. She was very busy. She couldn't do the housework.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
8. The climate was very bad. All the plants couldn't grow well.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
9. I'm very tired. I couldn't keep my eyes open.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
10. That boy is very lazy. He never does his homework.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
Task 4. Combine these pairs of sentences using "too ....to"
1. The bag was very heavy. She couldn't carry it.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
2. He is very old. He can't run.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
3. She is very young. She can't go to school.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
4. Tom is very short. He can't play volleyball.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
5. It's very late. We can't go to the movies.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
6. The question was very hard. We couldn't answer it.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
7. The TV program is very exciting. The children won't miss it.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
8. You're very young. You can't drive that car.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
9. She was tired. She didn't go anywhere.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
10. These shoes are very small. I can't wear them.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
Task 5. Combine these pairs of sentences using "such....that"
1. Tom was a tall man. He could almost touch the ceiling.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
2. Mary is a good swimmer. She has won two gold medals.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
3. He drank strong coffee. He couldn't go to sleep.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
4. It was a long walk. The children got tired.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
5. He told interesting stories. They all like him.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
6. The boy made rapid progress. It surprised everybody.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
7. He had a difficult exercise. He couldn't do it.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
8. The speaker gave a long talk. Most of the audience felt sleepy.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
9. We watched an exciting competition. We didn't want to go home.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
10. It was an excellent show. We all enjoyed it.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
Task 6. Rewrite the sentences using "enough" instead of "too....to"
1. He is too old to wear this colored shirt.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
2. She is too weak to carry this box.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
3. This pen is too expensive for me to buy.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
4. Bill was too stupid to understand what I had said.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
5. This bag is too heavy for her to carry.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
6. The test was too difficult for them to do.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
7. I'm too poor to help you with the money.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
8. This book is too boring to read.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
9. The room is too dark for us to study.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
10. The shelf is too high for her to reach.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
Task 7. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using too/enough with
infinitive.
1. You are very young. You can't have a front-door key.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
2. It is very cold. We can't bathe.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
3. Would you be very kind and answer this letter by return?
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
4. I am rather old. I can't wear that kind of hat.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
5. The ladder wasn't very long. It didn't reach the window.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
6. He hadn't much money. He couldn't live on it.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
7. He was furious. He couldn't speak.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
8. The fire isn't very hot. It won't boil a kettle.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
9. Tom was very foolish. He told lies to the police.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
10. You are quite thin. You could slip between the bars.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
Task 8. Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa
1. The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it.
 It is ..........................................................................................................................................................
2. The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him.
 He is .........................................................................................................................................................
3. The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night.
 The film ....................................................................................................................................................
4. The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
 They are ...................................................................................................................................................
5. The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
 It is ...........................................................................................................................................................
6. The food was so hot that it turned my tongue.
 It was ........................................................................................................................................................
7. There is so much rain that we can't go out.
 There is such ...........................................................................................................................................
8. The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.
 He is .........................................................................................................................................................
9. The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
 It is ...........................................................................................................................................................
10. The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.
 It was ........................................................................................................................................................
 UNIT 2: COUNTRYSIDE LIFE VS CITY LIFE

Exercise 3: Make 10 sentences comparing life in the country and life in the city with 10 adjectives above:
 The air in the countryside is fresher than that in the city.
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
 ..................................................................................................................................................................
Name: ………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
Grammar: COMPARISONS
* Adjectives or Adverbs?
E.g: I am too slow to keep up with him.
(Adj – tính từ bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ)
I run too slowly to keep up with him
 adj + ly = adv – trạng từ bổ sung ý nghĩa cho động từ
Ex 1: Choose the better words to complete the sentences:
1. I think life in the countryside is boring/ boringly.
2. People entertain themselves boring/ boringly by surfing the Internet.
3. She lives in a fabulous/ fabulously part of the city: there are lots of luxury shops there.
4. His mother always dresses him fabulous/ fabulously.
5. She talked fascinating/ fascinatingly about the research she's done for the novel.
6. There are famous buildings and our neighbourhoods are fascinating/ fascinatingly.
7. He quick/quickly reads a book.
8. Mandy is a pretty/prettily girl.
9. Max is a good/well singer.
10. You can easy/easily open this tin.
Ex 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form (adjective or adverb) of the words in the brackets:
1. Tom is ………………. . He works ………………………… (slow)
2. Sue is a ………………… girl. She climbed up the ladder …………………… (careful)
3. The dog is ………………….. . It barks ………………….. (angry)
4. He acted …………………………. . He's an ……………………. actor. (excellent)
5. They learn English ………..……. They think English is an ………… language. (easy)
6. Max is a …………………. singer. He sings really ………………… (good)
7. It's ………………. cold today. The cold wind is …………………. (awful)
8. It's a …………………. day today. Everything went ………………….. (terribly)
9. He is a …………………. driver. He drives the car ………………………… (careless)
10. They are always ………….. for school. It isn’t surprising if they arrive ………. today. (late)
Ex 3: Fill in the blanks with comparative form of the given adjective:

1. Living in the city is ______________ than living in the country. (convenient)

2. Mrs.Smith is ______________ than I thought. (young)
3. Houses in big cities are much ______________ than those in my hometown. (tall)
4. I think people in the countryside are ______________ than city dwellers (dân). (friendly)
5. They work hard to have a ______________ life. (good)
6. His health condition is getting ______________. (bad)
7. You are ______________ than you think. (clever)
8. This computer is much ______________ than mine. (expensive)
9. I always dream of a ______________ house to live in. (modern)
10. Life in this village is ______________ than anywhere else. (peaceful).
* Comparative (So sánh hơn)
S + be + adj ngắn – er than O
more adj dài
- Adj kết thúc bởi y: thay y bằng i rồi thêm –er: happy – happier, friendlier…
- Adj kết thúc bởi –er, -et, -ow: thêm -er
- Adj tính từ: - good/ well –> better
- bad/ badly -> worse
- many/ much -> more
- little -> less
- old -> older/ elder
- far -> farther/ further

S + V + more adv than O

slowly -> more slowly
- Adv đặc biệt: faster, harder, later, earlier
 Ex 4:
A. Which of the adjectives below do you associate with the city and which with the countryside?

CITY LIFE ● safe ● polluted COUNTRY LIFE

● peaceful ● crowded
● big ● stressful
● exciting ● helpful
● relaxing ● busy
● healthy ● noisy
● fast ● expensive
● lonely ● clean
● dangerous ● boring

B. Let’s learn how to compare people/things C. Now use the adjectives in (A) and complete the
using the COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY: sentences using the comparative of superiority.

1. The air in the country is ____________________ but in

For short (one syllable) adjectives or
adjectives ending in “y” we just add “(e)r”
to the adjective:
 small – smaller
 close – closer
 friendly – friendlier
(note that the “y” changes to “i”)
For long (two or more syllables)
adjectives we add “more” before the
adjective:
 interesting – more interesting
 famous – more famous
(note that the adjectives do not change)
We need to use “than” when we
mention both the people/things we are
comparing:
 Life is quieter in the country than in the
city.
the city it is ____________________________.
2. City life is ___________________________ because
there are plenty of things you can do. This is why living in
the country can be ______________________________.
3. Cities are _____________________ than villages and
____________________ because more people live there.
4. People in the city may feel _______________________
because they don’t have time for each other.
5. In the country there is less crime, so people feel
____________. In the city life is ____________________.
6. The cost of living is ____________________ in the city.
7. There is a strong sense of community in the country and
neighbours are usually ________________________.
8. There is less pollution in the country and so people have
a ______________________ life.
9. It’s quieter and ___________________ in the country. It
is ________________ in the city because of the traffic.
10. In the city there is more confusion and so living there
can be _______________________. Life in the country is
much ________________________ than in the city.
11. People seem to be ____________________ in the city
because they are always working and running around.
12. Life in the city is ______________ - in the country life
moves a bit slower.
 Ex 5:
A. Write the adverbs of the following adjectives:

● slow → slowly ● noisy → noisily

● safe → safely ● easy → easily
● peaceful → peacefully ● fast → fast
● bad → badly ● hard → hard
● excited → excitedly ● late → late
● sad → sadly ● good → well
● quiet → quietly ● early → early

B. The COMPARATIVE form of ADVERBS:
Với các trạng từ ngắn, thường là trạng
từ chỉ cách thức có hình thức giống tính từ,
ta thêm “er” vào sau trạng từ:
 fast – faster
 early – earlier
 friendly – friendlier
(note that the “y” changes to “i”)
Với trạng từ dài, hầu hết là các trạng từ
chỉ cách thức có đuôi “ly” ta thêm “more”
(nhiều hơn) hoặc “less” (ít hơn) vào các
trước trạng từ
 beautifully – more beautifully
 easily – more easily
(note that the adverbs do not change)
We need to use “than” when we
mention both the people/things we are
comparing.
 Life is quieter in the country than in the
city.
Trạng từ thường là tính từ thêm đuôi “ly”,
nhưng có các ngoại lệ sau:
 easy – easily (“y” chuyển thành “i” + ly)
 early – early (tính từ kết thúc là “ly”: giữ
nguyên không cần thêm “ly” nữa)
 fast – fast
 hard – hard: chăm chỉ (hardly: hiếm khi)
 late – late: muộn (lately: gần đây)
 good – well
C. Now use the adverb in (A) and complete the sentences
using the comparative of the adverbs above
1. Students work ______________ individually (cá nhân)
than when they work in groups because they don’t
discuss as well as chit chat or argue.
2. How was your trip? Are you in London? – Yes. My flight
was on time so I even arrive ______________ than
Tom. That’s why he got up ______________ this
morning.
3. Children and old people live ______________ in the
country than in the city because there is less traffic and
crime.
4. He knows that he has to work ______________ to
earn more money for his family.
5. Being the best student in the class, he solved that
math problem ______________ than all of his friends
and got mark 10.
6. I have got over the jetlag. I sleep ______________
last night without any difficulties.
7. He looked at me ______________ than ever after
knowing that his application was refused (từ chối).
8. I play the guitar ______________ than my father but
I am better at playing the piano.
9. When the kid knew that he could visit Sydney, he
shouted ______________ than when he got mark 10.
10. Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, looks like a huge
contruction area now. Machines work ______________
day and night than in the past.
11. He spent most of his life after retirement in his
hometown and lived ______________ until he died.
12. The streets are always crowded, people are busy and
all the vehicles move ______________. In the country,
everything seems to move ______________.
 Unit 2: Life in the city and countryside
Ex 1: Fill in the blanks with comparative form of adverbs or adjective: ( So sánh hơn)
Urban sprawl has happened (fast) ______________ than ever before.
The city center is (dense) ______________ populated than the suburbs.
You can count on Peter. He is (reliable) ______________ than he appears to be.
Eg. The public transport in Korea is more reliable than that in Vietnam.
If you had tried (hard) ______________, you would have passed the test.
I think you could reach a (high) ______________ position in the company if you tried.
If you behaved (clever) ______________, they would look up to you.
I prefer living in the countryside to living in big cities as the coutryside is (spacious) ______________.
Although the cities are (polluted) ______________ than the countryside, there are more recreational
activities that I really enjoy in the cities.
Our campaign can be (successful) ______________ with the help of local residents.
I can’t believe this vase is more than 100 years old. It is much (ancient) ______________ than I thought.
The country dwellers seem (friendly) ______________ than the city ones.
My town is much (populous) ______________ than it was ten years ago. I remember there used to be
only several houses in a large areas.
People in the city usually dress (fashionable) ______________ because they know or even create the
trends.
This city looks much (fabulous) ______________ than 20 years ago.
You arrive (late) ______________ than I expect. We have to hurry.
Ex 2: Complete the sentences used given clues:
1. Living/ this small town/ peaceful/ than/ I/ expected.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
2. Nowadays/ people/ anxious/ about/ pollution/ before.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
3. Today/ you/ look/ happy/ than/ usual.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
4. The/ weather/ hot/ than/ yesterday.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
5. This experience/ exciting/ than/ I/ expected.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
6. She/ independent/ than/ last time/ I/ see/ her.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
7. James/ have/ many/ books/ than/ Paul.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
8. The new sofa/ costly/ than/ the old one
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
9. Our family/ will move/ to/ a/ more comfortable/ place/ next year.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
10. Today/ my sister/ quiet/ than/ usual.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
Ex 3. Fill each blank with a suitable word to finish the passage.
skyscrapers exciting cattle care harvesting
 furthermore countryside rural than health
Life in the countryside is a bit slower than life in the city. It isn’t as (1) __________ as life in the
city. But in general people work hard – they work in the fields, in the garden, in the woods, etc. They
grow vegetables, cultivate crops and raise (2) _____________ (cows, horses, buffaloes).
Some people even have vineyards and fruits orchards.
There is a ton of work to be done on the farm - milking cows, taking (3)_________ of livestock,
mucking out, ploughing fields, sowing seeds, fertilizing, (4) ____________. It is said that a farmer
works from sunrise to sunset. People use farm machinery and drive tractors.
Children can freely play outdoors. In (5) ___________ area, people know each other better. There
are no (6)____________ in the countryside. People’s home may be either a farmhouse or a cottage.
The air is definitely cleaner (7) __________ the air in the cities.There is also less violence and
vandalism. The traffic isn’t as dense as in the cities. There are no rush hours. (8) ___________, it isn’t
as noisy as it is in cities.
People living in the countryside can enjoy the green scenery. They can enjoy the nature. They can
hear birds chirping, deer stopping in a clearing in wood. Besides, people can eat fresh home-grown
vegetables and fruit. It seems that life in the (9)_____________ is not that stressful. Altogether that
must have a positive effect on their (10___________________.
Ex 4: Put the following nouns into suitable group of verbs:
hay water a horse a tent a pole
a camel poultry a bike a fence eggs
apples the cattle wild flowers the buffaloes blueberries
- ride: …………………………………………………………………………………………
- put up: ………………………………………………………………………………………
- collect: ……………………………………………………………………………………...
- herd: ………………………………………………………………………………………..
- pick: ………………………………………………………………………………………..
Ex 5: Fill in the blanks with given words:
put up vast ridden picking
collect herd brave inconvenient
nomadic peaceful hard colourful
1. When summer comes, we enjoy ______________ blackberries.
2. Our village has no running water, which is ________________. We have to help our parents to _____________ water
from the river.
3. In the countryside, children learn to ___________ the cattle when they are small.
4. Have you ever ___________ a horse? I think one has to be ____________ to do it.
5. You can relax in the countryside. It’s so ______________.
6. ______________ life is hard because people have to move a lot.
7. The sky is ____________ here in the countryside. There are no buildings to block the view.
8. We worked together to ___________ this tent. It was a ____________ work.

Ex 2: Fill in the blanks with superlative form of the adjectives in the bracket. (So sánh nhất)
1. I think this is (noisy) ____________________ part of the city.
2. This game was (dangerous)__________________ in the recreational center.
3. Could you show me the way to (near) _______________ bus stop?
4. The trip to Ho Chi Minh City was (interesting) ______________________ for us.
5. This is (good) _______________ food I’ve ever eaten in this country.
6. David’s new haircut is (trendy) ________________ in my class.
7. The building looks (nice)_______________ in green.
8.I had to drive my car along (narrow) __________________ road in the region.
9. Quan’s house is (far) _________________from the city centre in my class.
10. In my opinion, living in this city is (hard) ________________ experience of my life.
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
UNIT 2: LIFE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE AND CITY
III. READING
A FUTURE IN THE COUNTRY ?
More and more people want to live the rural life... but...
City life is cool; but is country life cooler?
Apparently yes.
After the terrible Covid-19 epidemic of 2020, lots of people would like to leave their city and live in the
country.
More and more people in Britain want to live in the country, and this is causing more and more problems in
some rural areas.
The population of British cities has been falling for years. Cities like Liverpool and Glasgow have lost about
30% of their population in 30 years. But Britain's population is still growing. Where are the people going?
Answer: to the country.
The English countryside has a classic image. People imagine that life in the country is slow and calm; that
there are no traffic jams, no pollution, and no crime. In some places, this is true; but in others it is not.
Small towns and villages are becoming more and more popular; people have more space and most houses
have gardens. But problems are growing. Lots of people want to live in the country and work in the city; so more
and more people travel long distances each day, to go to work. Of course they don't use buses (they are too slow)
or trains (they don't stop in the country); they use cars. And although they live in the country, they want to use
supermarkets and good fast roads.... but they do not want to see them or hear them. Besides, lots of young people
say that life in the country is boring: there is not enough to do, there are not enough activities and excitements.
Little villages now have traffic problems in the morning, just like big cities! And they are getting worse.
The problems are very complicated! If everyone moves into the country, large parts of the countryside will
disappear! People leave cities and big towns, to escape from urban problems; but more and more, they are
bringing their problems with them.
On warm summer days, and cold winter days, air pollution can be a big problem in large parts of the south of
England, not just in London. Traffic jams are now often part of life, even in the country; crime has become a
serious problem in rural areas.
Perhaps there is hope for the future. Soon Britain's population will stop rising. From about the year 2030, it
will perhaps start to fall. In 100 year's time, there will be less people in Britain than today - perhaps two million
less. No doubt there will be less pollution too; oil and petrol will probably be rare by then.
* WORD GUIDE
- rural: in the country - area : zone
- countryside: the country, rural land - rise: go up, increase
- traffic jam: when traffic moves very slowly, or has to stop
1. Read the article, then decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F).
____ There were more people in Britain in 1980 than today.
____ There are good fast bus services in rural parts of England.
____ Air pollution and traffic are problems in parts of the country.
____ Young people particularly like living in the country.
____ There is very little crime in rural areas of England.
____ The British population will start to get smaller before the year 2030.
2. Write the correct forms of the words in the brackets:
More and more people in Britain (want) ________ to live in the country, and this (cause) ________ more and
more problems. The population of British cities (fall) __________ for years. Cities like Liverpool and
Glasgow (lose) _________ about 30% of their population in 30 years. But Britain's population (still grow)
____________. Where (people/ go) __________________ Small towns (become) ____________ more and
more popular; but problems (grow) ___________. Lots of people (want) _________ to live in the country and
work in the city; so more and more people (travel) _____________ long distances each day, to go to work. Of
course they (not use) ________________ buses (they are too slow) or trains (they (not stop)
_______________ in the country; they (use) ______________ cars. And although they (live) ____________
in the country, they (want) ____________ to use supermarkets and good fast roads.
SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT
 (Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ)
I. CHỦ NGỮ CHIA Ở DẠNG SỐ ÍT:
- Các chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng “AND” nhưng có “EVERY, EACH” thì động từ chia ở số ít.
E.g. Each boy and each girl has their own story.
- “ONE OF/ EACH OF/ EVERY OF/ EITHER OF” thì động từ chia ở số ít.
E.g. One of my family’s members is going to Singapore next month.
- Những chủ ngữ có “S” nhưng ý nghĩa là số ít thì động từ cũng chia số ít.
E.g. – News, Mathematics, Physics, Economics, Politics, Electronics, Linguistics,
– Measles (Sởi), Mumps (Quai bị), Rabies (Dại), Diabetes (Tiểu đường), Rickets (Còi xương)…
– Athletics (Điền kinh), Aerobics, …
- Các từ chỉ LƯỢNG, TIỀN BẠC, THỜI GIAN nhưng là số đơn thì động từ luôn chia số ít.
E.g. 8 hours of sleeping is enough.
II. CHỦ NGỮ CHIA Ở DẠNG SỐ NHIỀU:
- Những chủ ngữ là những danh từ bộ phận “GLASSES, PANTS, TROUSERS, SCISSORS…” thì động từ
luôn chia số nhiều.
E.g. Her glasses are really nice.
- Những danh từ chỉ quốc tịch thì động từ luôn chia số nhiều.
E.g. Vietnamese always want to spend their time with family on Tet holiday
- PEOPLE, THE POLICE, THE HUMAN, MAN (LOÀI NGƯỜI) thì động từ luôn chia số nhiều.
E.g. The police are chasing a dangerous robber at the moment.
- Khi tính từ được dùng như một danh từ (để chỉ một tập hợp) thì động từ luôn chia số nhiều.
E.g. The vulnerable are really poor. (Những người khốn khổ thực sự rất nghèo.)
III. CHIA ĐỘNG TỪ THEO CHỦ NGỮ ĐẦU:
- Trường hợp đồng chủ ngữ, các danh từ được nối với nhau bởi “AS WELL AS/ NO LESS THAN/
TOGETHER WITH/ ALONG WITH/ ACCOMPANIED BY” thì động từ chia theo chủ ngữ chính (thường
ở đầu câu).
E.g. Mr Robbin, accompanied by his wife and children, is leaving tonight.
IV. CHIA ĐỘNG TỪ THEO CHỦ NGỮ GẦN VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ NHẤT:
- Nếu các chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng “OR/ NEITHER….NOR/ EITHER…OR/ NOT ONLY…BUT
ALSO” thì động từ chia theo chủ ngữ gần động từ nhất.
E.g. It is you or I who am to go.
Neither John nor his friends have seen this movie before.
V. TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:
SỐ ÍT SỐ NHIỀU
- Chủ ngữ là những danh từ tập hợp (FAMILY, - Chủ ngữ là những danh từ tập hợp
CLASS, SCHOOL, GOVERNMENT, GROUP, (FAMILY, CLASS, SCHOOL, GROUP,
TEAM, …): TEAM, GOVERNMENT…):
+ Động từ chia số ít nếu chỉ tổng thể: + Động từ chia số nhiều nếu nhấn vào từng cá
E.g. My family opens a coffee shop. nhân trong tổng thể đó.
(Cả nhà tôi cùng mở một tiệm coffee.) E.g. My family open a coffee shop.
(Mỗi người trong gia đình đều mở một tiệm
coffee.)
 - Các chủ ngữ nối nhau bằng “AND” mà diễn tả cùng - Các chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng “AND” thì
một ý chung thì động từ được chia ở dạng số ít. động từ chia ở dạng số nhiều:
E.g. Bread and butter is my favorite food.
E.g. My father and his sibling are excellent
doctors.
- “NONE OF/ ANY OF” + DT không đếm được - “NONE OF/ ANY OF” + DT đếm được
E.g. Any of meat suplies us protein. E.g. None of my friends live near my house.
THE NUMBER OF + N: Động từ chia số ít (với ý nghĩa A NUMBER OF + N: Động từ chia số
là Số lượng những…….) nhiều (với ý nghĩa Một số những…….)
E.g. The number of bears decreases day by day. E.g. A number of books in this library are in a bad
condition.
- Nếu sử dụng chủ ngữ giả “IT” động từ sẽ chia theo chủ ngữ chính.
E.g. It is her dogs that often bite people. (Her dogs là chủ ngữ chính)
EXERCISE
I. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER A, B, C OR D:
A large number of students in this school ________ English quite fluently.
speaks B. is speaking C. has spoken D. speak
A series of lectures ________ being presented at the Central Hall this week.
A. are B. will be C. has become D. is
Beauty as well as health ________ failed her this term.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
Bread and butter ________ what she asks for.
A. is B. are C. will be D. have been
Each student ________ answered the first three questions.
A. has B. have C. have to D. must
Either John or his children ________ breakfast each morning.
A. make B. is making C. makes D. made
Everybody who ________ a fever must go home at once.
A. has B. have C. is having D. are having
Five dollars ________ all I have on me.
A. are B. is C. will be D. have
John, along with twenty friends, ________ planning a party.
A. are B. is C. has been D. have been
Mathematics ________ the science of quantity.
A. was B. are C. is D. were
Measles ________ cured without much difficulty nowadays.
A. is B. are C. will be D. have
Neither Mary nor her brothers ________ a consent form for tomorrow’s field trip.
A. need B. needs C. is needing D. has need
Peter, together with his uncles, ________ fishing.
A. have gone B. has gone C. go D. goes
The army ________ eliminated this section of the training test.
A. has B. is having C. are D. have
The number of the months in a year ________ twelve.
A. was B. were C. are D. is
The picture of the soldiers ________ back many memories.
A. will bring B. brings C. bring D. have brought
These pictures, as well as the photograph ________ the room.
A. brightens B. brightening C. brighten D. being brightened
The quality of the recordings ________ not very good.
A. is B. are C. is being D. has been
This house as well as those ones ________ for sale, which will you have?
A. are B. is C. have D. has
To what place ________ either the man or his sons wish to go?
A. is B. does C. do D. are
Twenty miles ________ a long way to walk.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
What he told you ________ to be of no importance.
A. seems B. seem C. must seem D. have seemed
Mr. John, accompanied by several members of the committee, ________ proposed some changes of the
rules.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
The flock of birds ________ circling overhead.
A. gets B. are C. is D. get
The majority of the students ________ him to be innocent.
A. was made B. believe C. makes D. make
The pair of the pliers ________ on the table.
A. was B. were C. put D. puts
The use of credit cards in place of cash ________ increased rapidly in recent years.
A. have been B. has been C. has D. have
Advertisements on television ________ becoming more competitive than ever before.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
II. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH: AM/ IS / ARE/ HAVE/ HAS/ DO/ DOES.
Either John or you ………… to be responsible for the unfinished work.
David, as well as his friends, ………… collecting waste paper to recycle.
John and Helen ………… not admit to have broken the window.
Neither Tom nor his friends ………… lost the keys.
Both Peter and his girlfriend ………… working for a bank.
Neither the library nor the bookstore ………… the book I need.
Tom as well as his two close friends ………… not in class today.
Both Ron and Bob ………… passed the exam successfully.
One of the staffs ………… to report the problem to the manager.
Either the girl or her parents ………… going to be present at the party.
III. IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES, PUT THE VERB IN BRACKETS INTO
THE CORRECT FORM:
Two weeks (go) ……………… fast when you are on vacation.
Many of the girls in my school (wear) ……………… white shirts.
Three kilos of potatoes (make) ……………… the basket heavier.
Some of the tables in the classroom (be) ……………… broken.
Bacteria of the harmful kind (cause) ……………… diseases.
What we need most (be) ……………… books.
The English (be) ……………… proud and independent people.
The United States (have) ……………… a population of 250 million.
There (not be) ……………… any letters in the mail for you today.
Everyone in both cars (be) ……………… injured in the accident last night.
The books borrowed from the library (be) ……………… on my desk.
The boy who won the two medals (be) ……………… a friend of mine.
Bread and butter (be) ……………… our daily food.
The quality of the candies (be) ……………… poor.
Gold, as well as platinum, (have) ……………… recently risen in price.
The cost of all these articles (have) ……………… risen.
IV. CORRECT THE SENTENCES IF NECESSARY. CHECK (√) S ANY THAT ARE
ALREADY CORRECT:
The Chinese has an interesting history. -> have
English is one of the most popular languages in the world. √
The scissors on the table is my sister’s. -> are
Linguistics is my major field of study.
There are good furniture in this showroom. -> is
The cattle is grazing in the meadow. -> are
The interrogation, conducted by the police officers, have lasted for several hours. -> has
The tenants in the apartment next to mine is giving a party this evening. -> are
The president, surrounded by secret service agents, is trying to make his way to the podium. √
The buildings destroyed during the fire are being rebuilt at the taxpayers’ expense. √
20 percent of the forest have been destroyed lately. -> has
The witnesses saw that most of the fire in the hills was extinguished. √
Some of the animals from the zoo was released into the animals preserve. -> were
All of the students in the class taught by Professor Roberts is required to turn in their term papers next
Monday. -> are
Half of the food that we are serving to the guests are still in the refrigerator. -> is
We believe that some of the employees is going to be devoted to quality control. -> are
It is impossible to believe that somebody actually admire that man. -> admires
Each of the doctors in the building needs to have a separate reception area. √
The president felt that no one were better suited for the position of chief staff advisor. -> was
Everybody participating in the fund-raiser are to turn in the tickets by 8.00 p.m. -> is
* Đại từ bất định chia động từ giống như chủ ngữ ngôi thứ 3 số ít: everybody = everyone (mỗi người),
anybody = anyone (bất cứ ai), somebody = someone (một ai đó), nobody = no one (không ai cả),
everything (mọi thứ), anything (bất cứ thứ gì), something (một cái gì đó), nothing (không gì cả)
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
Wednesday, July 21st, 2021
COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
* Countable nouns (Danh từ đếm được)
- Danh từ đếm được có cả dạng số ít và số nhiều
Countable nouns Examples Helpful hints
shop / shops - There are 100 shops in my neighborhood. We use these words with
dish / dishes - I have to clean a lot of dishes after dinner. countable nouns:
- a/ an + N số ít
baby / babies - My cousin has three babies. - many + N số nhiều
Man – men, woman – women, child – children, person - - few/ a few + N số nhiều
people (ít/ 1 vài)

* Uncountable nouns (Danh từ không đếm được)

Countable nouns Examples Helpful hints
hair, paper, advice, fruit, - My hair is long. We use these words with
furniture (nội thất), money, - Her money is in my wallet. uncountable nouns:
- a piece of/ a bit of
work, news, information - The news was shocking.
- much
- little/ a little + N số nhiều
(ít/ 1 chút, ít)
We use these words with both countable and uncountable nouns:
- the
- a lot of/ lots of (nhiều)
- some (dùng trong câu khẳng định, lời mời)
- any (dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn)
* Danh từ không đếm được nhưng chia theo số nhiều
clothes: quần áo (không đếm được)
Eg: Your clean clothes is / are on the bed.
jeans: quần áo bò (không đếm được)
Eg: Your new jeans look great.
* Danh từ lúc thì đếm được, lúc thì ko đếm được
paper
Eg: Get me some paper when you go to the shops.
Get me a paper when you go to the shops. (= a newspaper)
hair
Eg: Her hair is long and curly.
Take a look! There is a hair in my soup. (= a strand of hair)
Ex 1: Complete using the plural form of the words in the box
child foot man person puppy tooth watch woman

1. Did you know that Jason’s dog has had three beautiful ___________?
2. The Blackpink was an all-girl band, so there weren’t any ___________.
3. It’s a bit strange that Victor wears two ___________ - one on each arm.
4. If ___________ do the same jobs as their husbands, they should be paid the same.
5. The dentist says I have to have two ___________ taken out!
6. How many ___________ were there at the shows?
7. We’ve walked miles! My ___________ are hurting!
8. Mrs. Jenkins has just had a baby, so she’s got three ___________ now.
Ex 2: Circle the correct word or phrase
1. Your money is / are on the table in the dining room.
2. The advice you gave me was / were really useful. Thanks!
3. The cakes in that shop looks / look absolutely delicious.
4. There has / have been a lot of bad news recently.
5. Your homework was / were late. Please do it soon next time.
6. Does / Do the information about the museum include the openng times?
7. We need new furniture in the dining room. It’s / They’re very old and scratched.
8. The fish in this tank all seems / seem to be ill.
9. I love your hair. It’s / They’re really soft.
10. Oh, no! The rice has / have gone all over the floor!
Ex 3: Complete using the phrases in the box. You have to use some phrases more than
once. Where there is more than one answer, write all the answers.
a few – a little – a piece of – some

Ex 4: Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence. Write no more than three words.
1. We don’t know anything about the problem. information
 We don’t ______________________ about the problem
2. Is it okay if I have some cheese? bit
 Is it okay if I have ___________ cheese?
3. There’s only a little coffee left in the jar. much
 There ___________ coffee left in the jar.
4. I try not to drink too much Coca-cola in a week? cans
 I try not to drink too ___________of Coca-Cola in a week.
5. Would you like some more chocolate? piece
 Would you like ______________________ chocolate?
6. I don’t want a lot of cream on my strawberries? cream
 I only want ___________ cream on my strawberries.
Ex 5: Choose the correct answer.
1. Be careful with that vase because it’s made of ……!
A. glass B. a glass
2. Of course, you can have some milk. Get …… out of the cupboard.
A. glass B. a glass
3. I started coughing because I had ………. at the back of my throat.
A. hair B. a hair
4. We should all recycle ….. so that it can be used again.
A. paper B. a paper
5. My dad gets ………. everyday on his way to work.
A. paper B. a paper
6. Don’t put your hot cup on my new table. It’s ……… and I don’t want you to burn it.
A. wood B. a wood: 1 thanh gỗ

HOMEWORK
Write one word in each gap:
Open-air market
Even if you only have a (1) little money, you can still have a great time at your local open-air
market. The clothes (2) are cheap, and the fruit (3) is cheap, too! Often, the food in your local
supermarket (4) has travelled a long way, but at the market you know that you’re buying food
which has been produced locally. The vegetables (5) are fresh, even if you go late in the day
when there are only a (6) few left. Support your local market and help local farmers. Contact
your Town Hall to find out if there are (7) some/ any open-air markets in your area.
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
ARTICLE
A/ An/ ∅ / The (Mạo từ)
Mạo từ a (mạo từ không xác định)
- Danh từ nói chung, chưa xác định Eg: I need a new notebook.
- Số ít, đếm được
- Danh từ bắt đầu bởi phụ âm, hoặc bởi “u” /ju:/
Mạo từ an (mạo từ không xác định)
- Danh từ nói chung, chưa xác định Eg: I think you should bring an unbrella in
- Số ít, đếm được case it rains.
- Danh từ bắt đầu bởi nguyên âm, hoặc các phụ
âm câm (“h”), chữ cái viết tắt phiên âm ra là
nguyên âm
“Zero article” (mạo từ không xác định)
- Danh từ nói chung, chưa xác định Eg: - Girls are hard to please.
- Số nhiều hoặc không đếm được - Fruit is good for our health.
Mạo từ “the” (mạo từ xác định)
- Danh từ mà người nghe và người nói đều (ngầm) Eg: - I like the dress you wear yesterday.
hiểu.
- Số ít, số nhiều, không đếm được
* Quy tắc đặc biệt
Places (địa điểm) the: mountain ranges (The Himalayas), oceans (The Pacific Ocean), seas (the
Atlantic), rivers (The Red River), areas (The Red River Delta),
some countries (the United Kingdom, the United States, The Czech Republic),
public buildings (the cinema, the theater), the world, the sky, the sun, the
moon, the earth, the sea, the environment
no article: towns and cities (Hanoi, New York), most countries, continent,
streets
Activities (hoạt a/an: have a job, work as a/an …
động) the: on the radio, the media, play the piano
no article: go to school/ work, subjects
Time (thời gian) the: in the morning/…, on the 2nd of September, in the 1990s
Zero article: weekdays, months, years, at night, at noon
People the: the King, the Queen, the president, the Prime Minister, The English, The
Kinh, the police, the navy, the army
no article: He become a king/ He is English.
* Eg: I need a euro /ˈjʊərəʊ/ now! Give it to me!
I would like to take up an X-game /esk/ in the future!
Ex 1: Complete using a, an or the
1. We had __________ really good science lesson at school today.
2. I found __________ unusual insect on the wall outside our house.
3. It’s your birthday next week. Are you going to have __________ party?
4. We waited for hours, but we finally saw __________ Queen.
5. Why don’t we listen to __________ radio?
6. Have you got __________ euro I could borrow?
7. Mum has gone to __________ bank, but she’ll be back soon.
8. Where have you been? I’ve been waiting for over __________ hour!
9. Today I am going to talk about __________ H’mong in Vietnam.
10. The sinking ship has sent __________ SOS signal but hasn’t got any response yet.
Ex 2: Write an article in each gap where necessary. If an article is not necessary, put a dash (-).

Ex 3: Underline the extra word in each sentence.

1. Do you think we will ever send a person to the Mars.
2. When you go to the London, don’t forget to see the London Eye.
3. When we use the cars, we damage the environment.
4. I’m not telling a lies! It’s the truth.
5. I’m looking for a teacher who can teach me the German.
6. Ray needs a warm hat and a new coat for his visit to the Roma.
7. Dad has gone to a work and forgotten the car keys.
8. Some people have an unusual pets, such as lions or tigers.
Ex 4: In each sentence there is a word missing. Put an arrow (↓) to show where the missing
word should go and write the word.
1. English music was popular in America in the 1960s. ____________
2. Would you prefer to read a book or watch television? ____________
3. We had maths at school yesterday and our teacher gave us a surprise test! ____________
4. Peter joined the police and caught ten thieves in his the first month! ____________
5. Gordon wanted to be a writer, so he studied English at university. ____________
6. Suddenly, two UFOs appeared in the sky over Washington. ____________
7. We had a great time in the USA. ____________
8. Let’s go to Belgium for a week this summer. ____________
9. For Christmas, I got a book, a DVD and the latest CD by my favorite band. ____________
10. They say that the English drink a lot of tea. ____________
Ex 5: Underline 10 mistakes in the dialogue and correct them:
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
UNIT 3: ETHNIC GROUPS
(Các nhóm dân tộc)

I. Vocabulary
- person – people (n): người
- people – peoples (n): dân tộc
- ethnic (adj): thuộc về/ liên quan đến dân tộc
Vietnam Museum of ethnology: Bảo tàng Dân tộc học Vietnam
-logy: môn học liên quan đến (biology, oology – khoa học nghiên cứu về trứng chim)
- origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ (n): nguồn gốc
originally /əˈrɪdʒənəli/ (adv): bắt nguồn từ
- emigrate (v): di cư >< immigrate (v): nhập cư
- minor (adj): nhỏ >< major (adj): lớn
- minority (n): thiểu số
- majority (n): đa số
- colony (n): thuộc địa

Task 1 - Questionnaire
• Where do your family originally come from?
• Have they always lived in your town?
• Where were your grandparents born?
• Did they ever move to another town or country? When? Why?
• Has anyone in your family ever emigrated? Where did they go? Why?

Task 2
Discuss which of the following factors might decide a person’s ethnic group?
• religion (Buddism, Christian, Hinduism, Muslism…)
• skin colour (white, black, coloured)
• language (…)
• country of origin
• political opinions (ý kiến chính trị)
Task 3
What do you know about immigration in the UK? Try to answer the questions in pairs, then read the
text to
• Where do black people in Britain originate from?
Black People in Britain orginate from Caribbean and Africa.
• Which country or countries do British Asians come from?
British Asians come from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, China, Vietnamese, Malaysia,
Thailand
• When was the main period of immigration into Britain?
In the 20th century/ After World War II
• What is the largest ethnic minority in the UK today?
The Indian is the largest ethnic minority in the UK today.
• What is the largest ethnic group in the UK today?
The White – 53,074,000 (includes Irish, Polish, Italian etc).

Multicultural Society
The UK has welcomed newcomers for centuries. It is a mixture of diverse ethnic groups, each
with their own distinct culture and sometimes their own language or religion. This month is Black
History month, celebrating the contribution that Afro Caribbean people have made to British society.
Many British Asians will be celebrating Ramadan soon. There are 1.5 million Muslims in Britain with
over 6,000 mosques. Asian can be a misleading term as it refers to all those people with roots or family
connections in the former British colonies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Asian does not
always mean that the person is of Indian descent. Not all Asians are Muslim. Some are Hindus and
others are Sikhs. These 2 groups celebrate the festival of Diwalli on November 6th.
The Irish have come to Britain for many years, looking for work. After World War Two Irish
and other European workers were encouraged to take factory jobs. Britain couldn’t get enough workers
to help rebuild the economy and to work in the new Health Service so employers also looked to former
colonies and Commonwealth countries. India, countries in Africa and the Caribbean had been controlled
by Britain in the past and had strong cultural links with Britain, including the language. Many arrived
in the hope of building a new life for their young families.
The descendants of these immigrants are now the teachers, the footballers, the TV presenters,
the musicians and the politicians that shape British society. There are numerous ethnic newspapers,
magazines, TV programmes, radio stations and internet sites for each community. The largest groups
live in and around the capital London and many other groups are concentrated in the industrial centres
in Yorkshire, The Midlands and the South East.
Ethnic minorities timeline
• 19th century: Jewish arrivals from Russia/Poland, escaping persecution;
• Irish people escape from poverty in rural Ireland
• 1948 –50s: Caribbean workers invited to help rebuild post war Britain
• 1950s-60s: Asians from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh escape poverty
• 1970s: East African Asians escape persecution and Vietnamese escape war
• 1980s: Eastern European refugees arrive from war and political unrest in Romania and the
former Yugoslavia.
Ethnic groups in the UK(6.5% of the British population are from ethnic minorities)
• White – 53,074,000 (includes Irish, Polish, Italian etc).
• Black Caribbean – 490,000
• Black African – 376,000
• Black other – 308,000
• Indian – 930,000
• Pakistani – 663,000
• Bangladeshi –268,000
• Chinese – 137,000
• Other Asian – 209,000 (includes Vietnamese, Malaysian, Thai)
• Other – 424,000 (people who did not think they fitted the above categories)
Task 4 - Interpretation
• Name as many former British colonies as you can.
• Why are the colonies important in understanding the UK today?
• Did your country have any colonies? When? Where?
• What was the main reason for immigration to Britain after the war?
• Think of 2 other possible reasons for ethnic groups to change country.
• Where did most immigrants in the UK decide to live? What parts of your country
might attract immigrants? Why?

Task 5 – Watch a video

There’s a school in Cardiff, the capital city of Wales, where more than twenty languages are spoken.
That’s a truly multicultural school!
Do the preparation task first. Then watch the video about Multicultural Britain and do the exercises to
check your understanding. If you need help, you can read the transcript at any time.
1. Preparation: picture matching
Write appropriate word under each picture:
 1. ship 2. earrings 3. ponytail 4. Spices: gia vị

5. school 6. window 7. photographer 8. shadow

Transcript:
This is Southall Broadway in West London. This area has one of the largest Asian populations in London. The
United Kingdom is an ethnically diverse country with many different communities that reflects the
multicultural nature of Britain. Many British people’s families originally come from overseas. Over the
centuries, people from around the world have come to live here.
The first significant wave of immigrants arrived by ship from Jamaica in 1948. The Notting Hill Carnival
celebrates this Caribbean culture.
In the 1950s and 60s, Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani families made Britain their home. Asian Ugandan
refugees fled here in the 1970s. Followed by Somalis in the 90s. And in recent years, Eastern European
citizens have arrived in search of work.
This cultural variety makes Britain a vibrant place to be, but it’s not without its problems. Conflicts can arise
between cultures and generations. Young people whose parents or grandparents settled here have a very
different experience of growing up to their parents.
...
Sunny Grewel and his father Avinda live in Southall. Avinda came here from Kenya in the 70s. Sunny was
born here.
Nick: Avinda, what was life like when you first came here?
Avinda: It was hard. There was no jobs for, for people like us.
Nick: And what’s life like now, for young people, Sunny?
Sunny: I think we’re very much a part of the communities and government and everything, so it’s a lot more
equal for everyone.
Nick: What are the main arguments between the younger and older generations?
Avinda: When they were small, I wouldn’t let him wear these earrings and have a long ponytail. They have to
look smart.
Nick: And what’s the best thing about living here, Sunny?
Sunny: The food, the different cultures that come in and bring their spices, their experiences and even their
rituals, so you get a taste of the world within this small community.
...
In the past, differences between communities have led to violence. But new community-based projects have
brought different generations and cultures together.
Here at St Mary’s School in Cardiff in Wales, more than 20 languages are spoken. It’s one of the most
multicultural schools in Wales. The school was involved with a project called 'Open Cities'. It helps migrants,
people from other countries, become part of the community. The schoolchildren took pictures of people and
places to show what it's like to live in Cardiff.
Some of the kids are featured in an exhibition called Open Cities Faces.
...
Mercy and Joy and their father Derek are originally from Zambia. They have lived here for six years.
Nick: Derek, tell me why you came to Cardiff and why you took part in this project.
Derek: I am an Engineering Consultant. I came to Cardiff because I was offered a job here. This project was a
good thing because it was trying to show something positive about migration and integration.
Nick: Why is Mercy photographed by a window?
Derek: Because the photographer wanted to find a way to show the hopes for our future – the better life that
we look towards.
Nick: But there’s a lot of shadow in that photograph, as well.
Derek: Yes, the shadow is deliberate to try to show our past, where we’ve come from.
Nick: And do you consider Cardiff to be your home now?
Derek: Yes. We are part of the local community, we have settled down and we think Cardiff is great.
Projects like ‘Open Cities’ can bring people in the community together and give young people hope for the
future.
2. Check your vocabulary: gap fill
Complete the gaps with a word from the box

1. Southall Broadway, in West London, has one of the largest ____________ populations in London.
2. Many ______________ people have families that originally come from different parts of the world.
3. The first large group of immigrants arrived by ship from Jamaica in _______________.
4. The Notting Hill Carnival is a celebration of _______________ culture.
5. In the _______________, Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani families made Britain their home.
6. Asian Ugandan refugees arrived in Britain in the _______________.
7. Somalis came to the UK in the _______________.
8. In recent years, _______________ citizens have arrived in Britain in search of work.
3. Check your understanding: matching
Match the two sentence halves and write a – f next to the number 1 – 6.
1…….. Sunny a. is from Kenya.
2…….. Sunny’s father b. was born in London.
3…….. Avinda c. came from Zambia.
4…….. St Mary’s School d. went to Cardiff because he was offered a job there.
5…….. Mercy, Joy and Derek e. was involved with a project that helps migrants.
6…….. Derek f. didn’t have a job when he arrived in the UK.
How multicultural is your school and your town?
How many different languages do students at your school speak?
Do you speak different languages at home and at school?
What reasons can you think of for going to live in a new country?
What difficulties do you think a migrant family would face?
1. Making questions (Đặt câu hỏi)
a. Yes/ No questions

Ex: It suits you. - Does it suit me? – Yes, it does.

Mom has called. - Has Mum called? – No, she hasn’t.
I can get the tea - Can you get the tea? – Yes, I can.
You should pass me to Oliver. - Shall I pass you to Oliver? – No, you shouldn’t.
Oliver is there. - Is Oliver there? – No, he isn’t.
It was good. - Was it good? – Yes, it was.
Cách đặt và trả lời câu hỏi Yes/ No:
Trợ động từ + S + (V)? – Yes, S + trợ động từ
No, S + trợ động từ + not
b. Wh- questions (Câu hỏi thông tin)

Why did you go there? > Because it’s a nice, big pool.
Which pool did you go in? > The serious one, without the slides!
How did you get there? > On the bus.
Who were you out with?
What have you got that bag for?
Where are you calling from?

Who (Ai) Whom (Ai) What Whose

(chức năng chủ ngữ) (chức năng tân ngữ) (Cái gì) (Của ai)
Where Which (cái nào) When Why
(Ở đâu) (để hỏi về sự lựa chọn) (Khi nào) (Tại sao)
How How much How many How long
(như thế nào) (Bao nhiêu) (Bao nhiêu, số lượng) (Bao lâu)
How far How old How often What time
(Bao xa) (Bao nhiêu tuổi) (Bao nhiêu lần) (Mấy giờ)
Cách đặt và trả lời câu hỏi Wh-question:
Từ để hỏi + Trợ động từ + S + (V)? – S + V …
* Đặt câu hỏi cho chủ ngữ: Từ để hỏi (What/ Who) + V (thường chia theo S số ít) ?
Eg: - Who bought the tickets?
-> My mum bought the tickets.
- What was stolen yesterday?
-> My bike was stolen yesterday.
Ex 1: Complete the gaps with a question word from the box.
What Where How How often
When Why Who whose
1. A: When are you going on holiday?
B: Next Friday.
2. A: Where are you going?
B: Croatia.
3. A: Who bought the tickets?
B: My mum did.
4. A: How often do you go on holiday?
B: Once every two years. (2 năm 1 lần)
5. A: Why don’t you go more often?
B: Because we don’t want to.
6. A: What do you do the other years?
B: We relax in the garden and visit friends.
7. A: How do you choose your holiday destination?
B: We use the internet.
8. A: And whose idea was it to go to Croatia?
B: Our neighbours recommended it.
HOMEWORK
Ex 1: Fill in the blanks with appopriate question words:
1. _______________ have you give up smoking? - For about two years.
2. _______________ place is more densely populated – Ha noi or Ho Chi Minh City?
3. _______________ broken Jane’s favorite vase? - Her brother did it.
4. _______________ does Mr. Brown do? - He’s a reseacher.
5. _______________ ethnic groups are there in your country?
6. _______________ is your grandmother? - She’s ninety years old.
7. _______________ does your English teacher look like? - She’s young and pretty.
8. _______________ water should we drink every day?
9. _______________ did you use to go to school? - I used to go on foot.
10. ______________ is it from here to the nearest police station?
11. ______________ songs is this singer performing? - He is performing Trinh Cong Son’s songs.
12. ______________ was Ms Ann born? - She was born in a small village.
13. _______________ did you have for breakfast? - Bread and eggs.
14. _______________ didn’t you invite Jim to the senior prom?
15. _______________ do they meet each other? - Almost every day.
Ex 4: Make questions for the underlined parts in the following sentences.
1. …………………………………………………………………………………
→ The Hmong Group is one of the most popular ethnic minorities of Vietnam.
2. ………………………………………………………………………………….
→ After a San Chay female gives birth, strangers will have to wait 42 days to visit her.
3. …………………………………………………………………………………
→ The Giarai Ethnic group or also known as Gia Ray, Cha Ray live in central Highlands of Vietnam.
4. ………………………………………………………………….. …………......
→ The Chut ethnic group is also called the Ruc, the Arem, or the Sach.
5. ………………………………………………………………….. ………………..
→ It is more than 300 kilometers from Hanoi to Ha Giang where the Lolo people live.
6. ……………………………………………………………………………….
→ The Viet (or Kinh) is an ethnic group which has the biggest number of population in our country.
7. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ The house was chosen for the background of the film in 2006.
8……………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ The house is in Dong Van District, Ha Giang Province.
9. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ The film is about the life of a H'mong girl named Pao.
10. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ She was raised by her stepmother because her real mother left her when she was little.
11. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ She began to look for her birth mother when her stepmother died in an accident.
 SELF-STUDY
* Presentation guidance: Make a presentation about an ethnic group of Vietnam.
Hello today I want to talk about ethnic in Vietnam. Different ethnic groups might have different cultures
religions, costume, even languages. The biggest ethnic group in Vietnam is the Kinh. Almost 86 percent of the
population are classified as the Kinh people and the rest of the 14% population are divided into 53 ethnic
groups. So we call them ethnic minority.
_____________ is one of the biggest ethnic group in Vietnam.
1. What is the population of that ethnic group in Vietnam?
2. Where do they live?
3. What are they famous for? (Costume, Music, Architecture, Farming method, History, Religion …)
4. How special is each of them? Please give more detail (music, video, picture…) about the special things.
5. Do you want to visit again or wish to visit in the future?
6. What will you try when they come to their place?

Tell me if you want to join me thank you for watching my video. See you next time. Bye.
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
Who were the first people to live in America?
Other Native American homes included the wattle and daub, plank house, igloo, and chickee. The
materials for each home depended upon where the tribes lived.
G
F
B
I
E
C
H
J
D
A
- hide (n) da sống
- storey (n): tầng

Ex 3: Answer the following questions:

What are some terms used to refer to the people who first lived in America before the Europeans arrived?
→ ______________________________________________________________________
Why were Native Americans called Indians?
→ ______________________________________________________________________
Where did Native Americans live before the Europeans arrived?
→ ______________________________________________________________________
What is a group of Native American peoples based on their culture and language usually called?
→ ______________________________________________________________________
Where do most of the descendants of Native Americans live today?
→ ______________________________________________________________________
Which of the following are names of Native American tribes?
→ ______________________________________________________________________
About how many Native American tribes were there?
→ ______________________________________________________________________
What do Native Americans usually wear?
→ ______________________________________________________________________
What is a "totem pole"?
→ ______________________________________________________________________
Which one is the house for people living in Alaska?
→ _____________________________________________________________________
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
Unit 4: Customs and Traditions
(Phong tục và truyền thống)
I. Vocabulary
- cutlery (n): bộ dụng cụ ăn uống (spoon, fork, knife, chopsticks)
- staple (n): nguyên liệu chính, thực phẩm chính
- prong (n): đầu nhọn của dĩa
- mat (n): chiếu
- fork (n): dĩa
- spoon (n): thìa
- palm (n): lòng bàn tay

Ex 1: Name 4 things you know in the picture below:

1 2 3

5 6
4

7
8

10

9
Ex 2: Look at the picture, read and fill in the blanks
STYLISH CUTLERY SETTINGS FOR YOUR DINING TABLE

Forks to the (1) __________ of the place setting

If you are serving a tender piece of salmon, a fish fork is an essential item. This should be placed on the far left,
as it will be used first - as the fork for the starter. The fork for the main course is then placed beside it - right next
to the plate.
Knife and soup spoon to the (2) __________ of the place setting
Place the soup spoon furthest away from the plate, with the fish knife in the middle. The knife for the main course
should be placed right next to the plate - with the blade turned inwards towards the place setting.
(3) ___________ cutlery above the place setting
You can place dessert cutlery above the underplate. In this case, the handle needs to point to the hand that will
be used to pick up this item of cutlery: the prongs of the dessert fork point to the right, while the spoon points to
the left.
Bread plate to the (4) __________ of the cutlery setting
If you are serving a fresh ciabatta or focaccia, place the bread plate to the left of the cutlery setting. The
appropriate bread knife is placed on the right border.
Setting the table for breakfast or coffee
Firm rules for cutlery settings do not simply apply to formal dinners. Even at a family breakfast, the correct setting
creates a tasteful atmosphere at the table. For the breakfast setting, only the knife is placed on the right, in an
imaginary line with the lower edge of the plate. Place the teaspoon or coffee spoon on the saucer beside the cup.
The handle needs to be parallel to the handle of the cup to create a harmonious effect.
When setting a coffee table, a similar rule applies: a pastry fork is an essential item for sweet treats. This is also
placed on the right, to allow your guests to pick it up quickly and easily.
Ex 3: Listen and fill in the blanks:
In the UK we eat around the dining table. We follow lots of table manners. Firstly, we use cutlery – you
know, (1) __________, forks and spoons – to eat most of the food. We hold the fork in the left hand and
the knife in the (2) __________. You should hold the handle of the knife in your palm and your fork in
the other hand with the prongs pointing (3) __________. There is also a spoon and a fork for (4)
__________. When you finish eating, you should place your knife and fork with the prongs upwards on
your (5) __________. Secondly, you should never use your own cutlery to take more food from the (6)
__________ dish – use the serving spoon. Now if there’s bread on the table, you can use your (7)
__________ to take a piece. Then break off a small piece of bread and butter it. Thirdly, if you are a
guest, you have to (8) __________ until the host or hostess starts eating and you (9) __________ ask
another person to pass the food. Next, never chew with your mouth open and don’t talk with (10) food
in your mouth…
Ex 4: Read the text again and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F):
1. ____ The knife is held in the left hand and the fork is held in the right hand.
2. ____ You shouldn’t point the prongs of the fork upwards during the meal.
3. ____ People use the same cutlery to eat the main course and the dessert.
4. ____ When the meal is finished, you should place the knife and fork on the plate.
5. ____ You can use your fork to take more food from the serving dish.
6. ____ You should use your knife to cut the bread.
7. ____ Guests should start eating before the host starts eating.
8. ____ You should ask someone to pass you a dish.
Ex 5: Point out the differences between traditional Vietnamese and British table manner:
prongs mat wait invites chopsticks serve
cutlery bowls pass top table cut

1. We sit around a tray on a _______ to have meals.
2. We use rice ________ and chopsticks.
3. The host/ hostess _______ everybody to start eating.
4. The host/ hostess offers to __________ the food for
the guests.
5. When we have finished eating, we place our
chopsticks on __________ of our rice bowl.
6. They sit around a __________ to have meals.
7. They use _______ such as knives, forks and spoons
8. Everybody has to __________ until the host or
hostess starts eating
9. The guests ask another person to ______ the food.
10. When they have finished eating, they place their
knife and fork with the ______ upwards on the plate.
 OBLIGATIONS
I. Should/ Shouldn’t + V: nên/ không nên
Eg: You should buy a gift when you visit your friend.
You shouldn’t wear your hat when you come inside a pagoda.
II. Must + V: phải làm
Mustn’t + V: không được phép làm/ bị cấm không được làm
Eg: You must stop when you see red light.
You mustn’t smoke here.
Must = have to: phải
Don’t/ Doesn’t have to: không cần phải (làm cũng được – không làm cũng được)
Eg: Must I wash the dishes? - You don’t have to wash the dishes.
Do we have to do the homework? – You don’t have to do it.
III. Mustn’t + V= Be not allowed to V: không được phép làm gì
- Something/ V-ing is not allowed
Eg: You mustn’t cheat in the test.
1 => You are not allowed to cheat in the test.
2 => Cheating is not allowed
IV. S + don’t/ doesn’t have to V = It is not necessary (for smb) to V
Eg: You don’t have to wash the dishes.
=> It is not necessary (for you) to wash the dishes.
V. Must + V = Have to V = be obliged to V
VI. Should + V = Ought to V= It is necessary (for smb) to V
Eg: You should receive things from adults with both hands.
=> You ought to receive things from adults with both hands.
=> It is necessary to receive things from adults with both hands.
Ex 6: Fill in the blanks with “should” or “shouldn’t”:
1. You ________ stay up too late because it’s not good for your health.
2. After taking food from the plate, we ___________ put it into our bowl before eating.
3. People ________________ wear shorts or skirts when going to the pagoda.
4. Children ___________ receive things from adults with both hands.
5. According to Vietnamese tradition, we ____________ sweep the floor on the first day of Tet.
6. You _______________ respect old people.
7. What ____________ I do to learn better?
8. My father thinks that I _____________be so into computer games.
9. The candidates _____________ be here before 10am, or they will be disqualified.
10. You _______learn about some cultural features of the country you are going to visit.
11. Mary ______________take any pills before seeing the doctor.
12. _____________James apply for the job at this company? Yes, he should.
13. How much time __________ I spend on this task?
14. Old people ______________ work too hard. They need an abundance of time to relax.
15. Parents________________ let their children expose to smartphones at an early age.
Ex 7: Fill in the blanks with the “must” or “mustn’t”:
1. You _______________ let strangers enter the house while I’m not in.
2. You _______________ stay out too late. It’s dangerous.
3. We _______________ give up on what we are doing.
4. My mother doesn’t want me to arrive home late, so I _______________ leave now.
5. Those boys _______________ finish their homework before going out.
6. Jim _______________ finish his essay today because he’s very busy tomorrow.
7. Passengers _______________ use phones on the plane.
8. There _______________ be someone upstairs. I can hear the noise.
9. Students _______________ talk during the exam.
10. You _______________ cheat in a test.
Ex 8: Mark the sentences that convey the meaning of the given ones:
1. You have to take your shoes off when going inside a Japanese house.
A. You can take your shoes off if you want to.
B. You’re not allowed to wear your shoes.
2. You don’t have to tip in Viet Nam.
A. It’s not necessary to tip in Viet Nam.
B. You’re not allowed to tip in Viet Nam.
3. Students mustn’t cheat in the exams.
A. Cheating in exams isn’t allowed in the school building.
B. They can cheat in the exams if they want to.
4. In the past, Vietnamese people had to live with their parents even after they got married.
A. They could live with their parents after they got married.
B. They were obliged to live with their parents after they got married.
5. You don’t have to eat with chopsticks in Vietnam.
A. It’s not necessary to eat with chopsticks in Vietnam.
B. You are obliged to eat with chopsticks in Vietnam.
6. You ought to bring some gifts when visiting one’s house.
A. You are obliged to bring some gifts when visiting one’s house.
B. It is necessary for you to bring some gifts when visiting one’s house.
Ex 8: Fill in the blanks with the “mustn’t” or “don’t have to”:
1. You _____________________ pick me up tomorrow. I will take a taxi.
2. Look at that sign! You _____________________ walk on the grass.
3. You _____________________ blame anyone for your mistakes. You need to be responsible for yourself.
4. You ___________________ be absent from class tomorrow because the teacher will check your attendance.
5. I _____________________ prepare dinner because we will eat out tonight.
6. You _____________________ leave any rubbish here. It is forbidden.
7. You _____________________ let anyone know that. It is a big secret.
8. You _____________________ come early tomorrow because the event will start late.
9. You _____________________ park your car here. There is a “No parking sign”.

10. We don’t have much money left. We _____________________ waste anymore.

11. They _____________________ forget their homework at home.
12. I _____________________ do the housework because I have a maid do it for me.
13. You _____________________ buy that book. I will lend you mine.
Ex 9: Rewrite the following sentences using the given clues:
1. It is a good idea to call him before coming to his house.
→ You should _______________________________________________________________________
2. I don’t think it is a good idea to tip the waiters in Vietnam.
→ You shouldn’t _____________________________________________________________________
3. You must arrive on time when you live in Western countries.
→ You have _________________________________________________________________________
4. You mustn’t wear short skirts or tank tops in the pagoda.
→ You are not _______________________________________________________________________
5. You mustn’t jump lines in the UK. (jump lines = jump the queues)
→ Jumping lines is not ________________________________________________________________
6. You don’t have to reply or respond to salespeople’s greetings in Japan.
→ It is not __________________________________________________________________________
7. You should address Americans by their title. (Mr., Mrs., Dr., Professor,…)
→ It is ______________________________________________________________________________
8. You mustn’t enter that restricted area.
→ Entering that restricted area __________________________________________________________
9. You don’t have to raise your hands if you don’t know the answer.
→ It is not __________________________________________________________________________
10. You should call me before you drop by.
→ It is ______________________________________________________________________________
Name: …………………………………………..……… Date: ………………………………………
Obligations
I. Should/ Shouldn’t + V: nên/ không nên
Eg: You should buy a gift when you visit your friend.
You shouldn’t wear your hat when you come inside a pagoda.
II. Must + V: phải làm
Mustn’t + V: không được phép làm/ bị cấm không được làm
Eg: You must stop when you see red light.
You mustn’t smoke here.
Must = have to: phải
Don’t/ Doesn’t have to: không cần phải (làm cũng được – không làm cũng được)
Eg: Must I wash the dishes? - You don’t have to wash the dishes.
Do we have to do the homework? – You don’t have to do it.
III. Mustn’t + V= Be not allowed to V: không được phép làm gì
- Something/ V-ing is not allowed
Eg: You mustn’t cheat in the test.
1 => You are not allowed to cheat in the test.
2 => Cheating is not allowed
IV. S + don’t/ doesn’t have to V = It is not necessary (for smb) to V
Eg: You don’t have to wash the dishes.
=> It is not necessary (for you) to wash the dishes.
V. Must + V = Have to V = be obliged to V
VI. Should + V = Ought to V= It is necessary (for smb) to V
Eg: You should receive things from adults with both hands.
=> You ought to receive things from adults with both hands.
=> It is necessary to receive things from adults with both hands.
Ex 8: Fill in the blanks with the “mustn’t” or “don’t have to”:
You don’t have to pick me up tomorrow. I will take a taxi.
Look at that sign! You mustn’t walk on the grass.
You mustn’t blame anyone for your mistakes. You need to be responsible for yourself.
You mustn’t be absent from class tomorrow because the teacher will check your attendance.
I don’t have to prepare dinner because we will eat out tonight.
You mustn’t leave any rubbish here. It is forbidden.
You mustn’t let anyone know that. It is a big secret.
You don’t have to come early tomorrow because the event will start late.
You mustn’t park your car here. There is a “No parking sign”.

We don’t have much money left. We mustn’t waste anymore.

They mustn’t forget their homework at home.
I don’t have to do the housework because I have a maid do it for me.
You don’t have to buy that book. I will lend you mine.
Ex 9: Rewrite the following sentences using the given clues:
It is a good idea to call him before coming to his house.
→ You should _______________________________________________________________________
I don’t think it is a good idea to tip the waiters in Vietnam.
→ You shouldn’t ____________________________________________________________________
You must arrive on time when you live in Western countries.
→ You have to arrive on time when you live in Western countries.
You mustn’t wear short skirts or tank tops in the pagoda.
→ You are not allowed to wear short skirts or tank tops in pagoda.
You mustn’t jump lines in the UK. (jump lines = jump the queues)
→ Jumping lines is not allowed in the UK.
You don’t have to reply or respond to salespeople’s greetings in Japan.
→ It is not necessary reply or respond to salespeople’s greetings in Japan.
You should address Americans by their title. (Mr., Mrs., Dr., Professor,…)
→ It is necessary to address Americans by their title.
Name: ______________________________________________ Date: ____________________________
Probability
(Khả năng có thể xảy ra)

– Lan: “I feel left out by my best friend. We haven’t talked for 2 weeks.”
– Linh: “You must have been so depressed.”
1. Possibility
Eg: - They may come by car. (= Maybe they will come by car.)
- They might be at home. (= Maybe they are at home.)
- If we don't hurry, we could be late. (= Maybe we will be late.)
- It can be very cold here in winter. (= It is sometimes very cold here in winter.)
- You can easily get lost in this town. (= People often get lost in this town.)
→ could/ may/ might + V: đưa ra phỏng đoán, nhận định trong từng trường hợp cụ thể (hiện tại)
→ can + V: đưa ra nhận định chung chung (hiện tại)
* may/ might/ could have PII: đưa ra dự đoán cho một sự việc cụ thể trong quá khứ
Eg: I haven't received your letter. It may have got lost in the post.
It's ten o'clock. They might have arrived by now.
Where are they? They could have got lost.
It could be very cold there in winter. (= It was sometimes very cold there in winter.)
→ could V: đưa ra nhận định chung chung trong quá khứ

Choose A or B to complete the following sentences:

1. When I was a boy, you ______ from one village to the next without seeing any cars.
A. could walk
B. could have walked
2. The police think that one of the criminals ___ the other two.
A. could murder
B. could have murdered
3. The weather was so fine that you ___ the French coast nearly 30 miles away.
A. could see
B. could have seen
4. I don't understand why you didn't get my email. I suppose (cho rằng) I ___ it to the wrong address.
A. could send
B. could have sent
5. ‘I wish Sue would answer her phone!' - 'She ___ it at home.'
A. could leave
B. could have left
6. I'm sure Henry's the thief. He's the only one who ___ through the window.
A. could climb
B. could have climbed
7. Punishments were very severe 200 years ago. You ___ sentenced to death for stealing a loaf of bread.
A. could be
B. could have been
8. He hasn't been here yet. He _____________ that we were meeting today.
A. could forget
B. could have forgotten
9. When I was at university, we ___ a pint of beer for less than a pound!
A. could buy
B. could have bought
10. I didn’t see Jack at the office. He ________ sick.
A. could be
B. could have been
2. Certainty
Eg: - It's getting dark. It must be quite late.
- You haven’t eaten all day. You must be hungry.
→ must + V: thể hiện mình chắc chắn rằng một sự việc là đúng (và thường có lí do, bằng chứng)
Eg: - Ask Miranda. She should know.
- It's nearly six o'clock. They should arrive soon.
→ should + V: đưa ra một lời đề xuất rằng một sự việc là đúng (và thường có lí do)
Eg: Tom didn’t do his homework. He must have surfed Facebook all night.
→ must have PII: thể hiện mình chắc chắn rằng một sự việc là đúng trong quá khứ (thường có lí do)
Eg: Tom should have done his homework but he didn’t so his mother is yelling at him.
→ should have PII: đưa ra một lời đề xuất rằng một sự việc đã nên xảy ra trong quá khứ (nhưng đã ko xảy ra)
Ex 2: Circle the best answer:
1. 'What time does their flight get in?'
'9.20. And it’s 9.25 now and I haven’t seen it. They should have landed/ must have landed by now.'
2. 'Did Greg tell you – he was in the bank when it got robbed?'
'Yes, he did. He should have been/ must have been terrified!'
3. “I can't find my wallet anywhere. I'm afraid it's been stolen.”
“Are you sure? You might have left/ must have left it at home.”
4. 'Can you see our train on the departures board?'
'No. I'm afraid it may have been/ must have been cancelled.'
5. 'Where are Leslie and Theresa? They're nearly an hour late.'
'The traffic's pretty bad. They could have got/ should have got stuck in a jam.'
Ex 3: Match the sentences to make six short conversations.
1. 'What did you think about Alison's idea?'
f. At first, I didn’t like it. But now I think she could be right.
2. 'I'll see you in the meeting at noon tomorrow.'
d. OK. I’ve got another meeting at 11, so I may be a few minutes late.
3. 'Mark's son started a new school last month. He doesn't like it at all.'
e. Well, moving to a new school can be really difficult.
4. 'I think I'll go to bed now.'
a. Of course. You must be tired after your journey.
5. 'Do you know where Dave's from? I don't recognise his accent.'
b. I’m not sure, but I think he might be Portuguese.
6. 'Do you think the supermarket's still open?'
c. It should be. It doesn’t usually close until eight o’clock.

READING
To determine a fact, we have to ask questions
What/ Who/ Where/ When/ how many/ how much
Homework: Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks:
Ex 1: Choose the best answer:
1. I am sure he was here. I saw his car in front of the building.
He _______________ been here.
A. should have B. could have C. must have D. may have
2. A: Where is James? He should already be here, shouldn't he?
B: Yes, he should but I don't know why he isn't here - he _______________ missed the bus.
A. should have B. could have C. must have D. may have
3. I'm not sure if I passed the exam. I don't feel very sure that I passed.
I _______________ the exam.
A. should have passed B. can pass C. must have passed D. may have passed
4. A: Last summer I took four exams and failed them all!
B: You _______________ been very disappointed.
A. should have B. could have C. must have D. may have
5. She speaks excellent French. I'm sure she's lived in Paris for a long time.
She _______________ lived in Paris for a long time.
A. might have B. could have C. must have D. may have
6. A: Their plane was delayed and they had to wait 36 hours in the airport.
B: They _______________ been very unhappy with the airline.
A. should have B. could have C. must have D. may have
7. Someone told me that Mark was in Mexico last week, but I saw him here.
Mark _______________ been in Mexico.
A. should have B. could have C. must have D. may have
8. A: I saw John yesterday - he looked very pleased with himself. He didn't say why but I think he got that
job he applied for.
B: He _______________ that job he applied for.
A. should have got B. could get C. must get D. may have got
9. They gave me very little time to do the job. It's possible I'd have finished if I'd worked all night, but I'm
not sure.
They gave me very little time to do the job. I _______________ if I'd worked all night, but I'm not sure.
A. should finish B. may finish C. must have finished D. may have finished
10. We agreed to meet yesterday, but when I got there I didn't see him. It's possible he was waiting
elsewhere.
We agreed to meet yesterday but when I got there I didn't see him. He _______________ been waiting
elsewhere.
A. should have B. could have C. must have D. may have

Ex 2: Reading comprehension
What do people bring to a housewarming
party?

Circle your ideas

Link làm bài Đọc hiểu: https://forms.gle/b7XVxfzbW7CNv91J6
Name: …………………………………………………………………. Date: ………………………
Conditional Sentences
I. Conditionals (Câu điều kiện)
- Loại 0: If you freeze water, it becomes solid.
(chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên => Cả 2 mệnh đề đều chia ở hiện tại đơn)
- Loại 1: If it rains tomorrow, I'll take the car.
(có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai => Mệnh đề if: hiện tại đơn, Mệnh đề chính: will + V)
- Loại 2: If I lived closer to the cinema, I would go more often.
(không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai => Mệnh đề if: quá khứ đơn, Mệnh đề chính: would + V – ‘d
+ V)
Ex 1: Circle the best answer:
1. When I go on holiday, I always _____ my neighbour to water my plants.
A. ask B. asked C. would ask
2. If I _____ the problem to my sister, she'll be happy to help me.
A. explain B. explained C. will explain
3. We'll be late for the film if we _____.
A. didn't hurry up B. won't hurry up C. don't hurry up
4. If I didn't need the money, _____ less.
A. I work B. I'll work C. I'd work
5. If you _____ a red card, you can't play in the rest of the game.
A. get B. got C. will get
6. What would you say if he _____ you on a date?
A. asks B. asked C. would ask
7. I'll have a shower as soon as _____ home.
A. I get B. I'll get C. I'd get
8. I _____ English every day if I had time.
A. studied B. will study C. would study

Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition.

The if clause tells you the condition (If you study hard) and the main clause tells you the result (you
will pass your exams).

Zero conditional

We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true, especially for laws and rules.

First conditional

We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we believe are real or possible.

Second conditional

The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations that are impossible or unlikely
in reality.

The order of the clauses does not change the meaning.

It is also common to use this structure with unless, as long as, as soon as or in case instead of if.
Ex 2: Give the correct form of the words in brackets:
If you study hard, you will pass your exams.
You will pass your exams if you (study) ______________ hard.
If he (drink) ______________ too much coffee, he can't sleep at night.
Ice (melt) ______________ if you heat it.
When the sun (go) ______________ down, it gets dark.
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we (go) ______________ to the beach.
Arsenal (be) ______________ top of the league if they win.
When Tom (finish) ______________ work, he'll call you.
I'll leave as soon as the babysitter (arrive) ______________.
I (give) ______________ you a key in case I'm not at home.
You can go to the party, as long as you're back by midnight.
If we had a garden, we (have) ______________ a cat.
If I (win) ______________ a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
I (not worry) ______________ if I were you.
If I (be) ______________ you, I wouldn't mention it.
If she (be) ______________ prime minister, she would invest more money in schools.
He (travel) ______________ more if he was younger.

II. Conditional Sentences type 3 (Câu điều kiện loại 3):

Third conditional

The third conditional is used to imagine a different past. We imagine a change in a past situation and
the different result of that change.

If I had understood the instructions properly, I would have passed the exam.
We wouldn't have got lost if my phone hadn't run out of battery.

In third conditional sentences, the structure is usually: If + past perfect >> would have + past
participle.

Ex 3: Circle the best answer:

1. If he _____ the penalty, we would have won Saturday's game.
A. scored B. had scored C. would score
2. If I _____ so much cheese last night, I wouldn't feel terrible now.
A. didn't eat B. wouldn't eat C. hadn't eaten
3. I _____ a cake this morning if I'd known you were coming.
A. buy B. would bought C. would have bought
4. We _____ late if you hadn't taken such a long time getting ready.
A. wouldn't be B. won't be C. aren't
5. If you hadn't seen the car, it _____ us back there.
A. would have hit B. hadn't hit C. would hit
6. If my grandmother _____ alive, she would have loved to see me graduate.
A. is B. would be C. were
7. I _____ you it wasn't a good idea if you'd asked me.
A. would tell B. would have told C. will tell
8. If I'd bought that flat then, it _____ worth a lot of money now.
A. would be B. had been C. will be
Mixed conditionals
We can use mixed conditionals when we imagine a past change with a result in the present or a
present change with a result in the past.
1. Past/Present
Here's a sentence imagining how a change in a past situation would have a result in the present.
If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner.
So the structure is: If + past perfect >> would + infinitive.
2. Present/Past
Here's a sentence imagining how a different situation in the present would mean that the past was
different as well.
It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday.
And the structure is: If + past simple >> would have + past participle.
Ex 4: Circle the best answer:
1. If I'd planted seeds in spring, I _____ tomatoes now.
A. would have B. had have C. 'll have
2. My mum would be fine now if the doctor _____ what was wrong with her at the beginning.
A. had realised B. would have realised C. realised
3. If my train had been on time, I _____ my meeting.
A. won't miss B. wouldn't miss C. wouldn't have missed
4. If you _____ studying earlier, you'd feel more prepared for the exam.
A. start B. would start C. had started
5. They would have seen the fireworks if they _____ here 15 minutes earlier.
A. Were B. would be C. had been
6. If I didn't have so much work this week, I _____ with you yesterday.
A. would have gone B. would go C. had been
7. My parents _____ if my grandmother hadn't left Ireland.
A. wouldn't meet B. wouldn't have met C. won't meet
8. They really don't think they know about this. If they did, she _____ her job months ago.
A. would lose B. had lost C. would have lost
 Friday, September 17th, 2021
CHỮA BÀI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Ex 5: Circle the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to the given one.
1. My sister can’t get the good job because she doesn’t speak English well.
(1 tình huống có thật ở hiện tại => giả định điều ngược lại => không có thật ở hiện tại – loại 2)
A. If my sister spoke English well, she could get a good job.
B. If my sister speaks English well, she can get s good job.
C. If my sister gets the job, she speaks English well.
D. If my sister spoke English well, she can get the good job.
2. She doesn’t have much money now, but she wants to buy a house in Vinhomes.
(1 tình huống có thật ở hiện tại => giả định điều ngược lại => không có thật ở hiện tại – loại 2)
A. If she has much money, she wants to buy a house in Vinhomes.
B. If she had much money, she will buy a house in Vinhomes.
C. If she has much money, she will buy a house in Vinhomes.
D. If she had much money, she would buy a house in Vinhomes.
3. Mai will leave Ho Chi Minh city unless she finds a good job. (Loại 1)
Unless = If … not
A. If Mai doesn’t find a good job, she will leave Ho Chi Minh city.
B. If Mai doesn’t find a good job, she won’t leave Ho Chi Minh city.
C. If Mai doesn’t find a good job, she would leave Ho Chi Minh city.
D. If Mai finds a good job, she will leave Ho Chi Minh city.
4. I don’t have a map, so I can’t show you the way.
(1 tình huống có thật ở hiện tại => giả định điều ngược lại => không có thật ở hiện tại – loại 2)
A. Unless you give me a map, I won’t show you the way.
B. I would show you the way if I had a map.
C. I would have a map if I showed you the way.
D. Unless you have a map, I can show you the way.
5. Unless he phones her immediately, he won’t get any information.
A. If he doesn’t phone her immediately, he won’t get any information.
B. If he phones her immediately, he won’t get any information.
C. If he doesn’t phone her immediately, he will get any information.
D. If he doesn’t phone her immediately, he gets any information.
6. You don’t try to work hard. You will fail in the exam.
(1 dự đoán, lời khuyên => một việc có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai – loại 1)
A. Unless you don’t try to work hard, you will fail in the exam
B. Unless you try to work hard, you won’t fail in the exam
C. Unless you try to work hard, you will fail in the exam
D. Unless do you try to work hard, you won’t fail in the exam
7. The flowers don’t grow fast because there isn’t much rain.
(1 tình huống có thật ở hiện tại => giả định điều ngược lại => không có thật ở hiện tại – loại 2)
A. The flowers would grow faster if there were more rain.
B. The flowers wouldn’t grow faster if there were more rain.
C. The flowers would grow faster if there weren’t more rain.
D. The flowers will grow faster if there is more rain.
8. You feel unhealthy because you don’t take any exercise.
(1 tình huống có thật ở hiện tại => giả định điều ngược lại => không có thật ở hiện tại – loại 2)
A. Unless you take more exercise, you will feel healthier.
 B. If you take more exercise, you will feel less healthy.
C. If you were healthier, you would take more exercise.
D. If you took more exercise, you would feel healthier.
9. Learn harder or you can’t pass the next examination.
A. If you learn harder, you won’t pass the examination.
B. If you learn harder, you can’t pass the examination.
C. Unless you learn harder, you can’t pass the examination.
D. Unless you learn harder, you can pass the examination.
10. Nga studies hard, she won’t fail the exams.
A. If Nga studies hard, she will pass the exams.
B. Unless Nga studies hard, she will fails the exams.
C. If Nga studies hard, she will not pass the exams
D. Unless Nga failed the exams, she will study hard.
11. Hurry up or we will miss the train.
A. If you hurry up, you will miss the train.
B. If you won’t hurry up, you miss the train.
C. If you will hurry up, you won’t miss the train.
D. If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the train.
12. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
A. Unless you studied hard, you won’t pass the exam.
B. If you study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
C. Unless you study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
D. If you don’t study hard, you wouldn’t pass the exam.
13. He is too short to play basketball.
A. If he were not short, he will play basketball.
B. If he is not short, he could play basketball.
C. If he were not short, he could play basketball.
D. If he were short, he could play basketball.
14. I didn’t wake up in time so I couldn’t start the class at 5.
(1 tình huống có thật ở quá khứ => giả định điều ngược lại => không có thật ở quá khứ – loại 3)
If S had PII, S could/would have PII.
If I had woken up in time, I could/would have started the class at 5.

*Kết luận:
1 dự đoán, lời khuyên => một việc có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai – loại 1
1 tình huống có thật ở hiện tại => giả định điều ngược lại => không có thật ở hiện tại – loại 2
1 tình huống có thật ở quá khứ => giả định điều ngược lại => không có thật ở quá khứ – loại 3

15. I didn’t have breakfast so I’m so hungry now.

(1 tình huống: điều kiện là có thật ở quá khứ, kết quả là có thật ở hiện tại => giả định điều ngược lại
điều kiện là không có thật ở quá khứ, kết quả là không có thật ở hiện tại => If: loại 3, Main: loại 2)
If I had eaten breakfast, I wouldn’t be/feel hungry now.
 READING
Parts of Plants
1. Get to know

2. Reading Comprehension
3. Answer the questions:

CÁC KIẾN THỨC CẦN ÔN CHO TEST THÁNG 9

Vocabulary
- Ethnic minorities
- Customs and Traditions
Grammar
- Advice: should/ shouldn’t/ It’s necessary to V
- Obligations: Must/ Mustn’t/ Be not allowed to V/ Something/ V-ing is not allowed/ Don’t have to/
It’s not necessary to V
- Possibilities: Could/ May/ Might have PII vs Must have PII vs Should have PII
- Conditional sentences: Type 0, 1, 2, 3, Mixed
Name: …………………………………………………………………. Date: ………………………
CONDITIONALS REVISION
Ex 1: Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.
If the earth suddenly (stop) ______________ spinning we all (fly) __________________ off it.
(your parents / not / be) ___________________ proud if they could see you now?
I’m broke, but I (have) _________________ plenty of money now if I (not / spend)
________________ so much yesterday.
I think if we (work) _________________ all right, we (finish) _________________ in time.
If someone (give) _________________you a boat what you (do) _________________ ?
Water (freeze) _________________if the temperature falls below zero
I (warn) _________________you if I had seen you last week
He always says hello if he (see) _________________ you
I wouldn’t have been so upset if Judy (write) _________________ to me earlier.
The engine starts if you (turn) _________________ this key
If he weren’t so bad-temperature, his wife (not leave) _________________.him so soon after the
marriage
What (you / say) _________________if I offered you a job?
The children always (get) _________________ frightened if they watch horror films
If he (listen) _____________ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here.
If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) ____________ tired now.
If it (not be) _____________ for you, I would be late
As long as you (meet) ________________ the requirements, we (accept) _____________ your
application.
I (remind) ______________ you to take medicine when I (call) _____________ you tomorrow.
Ex 2: Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the given ones:
Salt dissolves when we put it into hot water.
If we …………………………………………………………………………………………………
I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there
I’d ………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert
If I ………………………………………………………………...…………………………………
They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution
If they …………………………………………………………….…………………………………
Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.
If Carol ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
If Rita ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car
If he ……………………………………………………..……………………………………………
I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you
If I …………………………………………………………………….……………………………
She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children
If she ………………………………………………………………….……………………………
I am not tall enough to join the basketball team
If I …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex 3: Make the correct past modal form (could have / would have / must have should have + PII)
1. I (buy) ___________________________bread but I didn't know we needed it. (past possibility)
2. We (invite) ___________________________so many people to our party! I'm worried that we
won't have enough room for everyone. (past negative advice / regret)
3. I (start) ___________________________ saving money years ago! (past advice / regret)
4. We (join) ___________________________ you at the restaurant, but we couldn't get a babysitter.
(past willingness)
5. The weather (be) ___________________________any worse! (past negative possibility)
6. I (arrive) ___________________________on time, even if I'd left earlier. There were dreadful
traffic jams all the way. (past negative possibility)
7. They (win) ___________________________the football match, but John hurt his ankle. (past
possibility)
8. Amanda (finish) ___________________________the work, but she felt ill and had to go home.
(past willingness)
9. Lucy (leave) ___________________________earlier. She missed her flight. (past advice / regret)
10.We (finish) ___________________________ the game, even if we'd wanted to. It was raining very
hard and we had to stop. (past negative possibility)
11. I (eat) ________________________so much chocolate! I feel sick! (past negative advice / regret)
12. Luke (pass) ___________________________ the exam if he'd studied a bit more. (past
possibility)
13. John (call) _________________________ Amy, but he didn't have her number. (past willingness)
14. You (be) ___________________________rude to him. He's going to be really angry now. (past
negative advice / regret)
15. She (come) ___________________________to the restaurant if she'd left work earlier. (past
possibility)
16. You (take) ___________________________ this job. I can see you're not enjoying it. (past
negative advice / regret)
17. The race was really difficult. She (win) because she's not fit enough. (past negative possibility)
18. Our neighbours (cut) ___________________________down the tree in their garden. It was a
really beautiful tree. (past negative advice / regret)
19. The children (do) ___________________________their homework last night. Then they wouldn't
be panicking on the way to school. (past advice / regret)
20. I'm really cold! I (bring) ___________________________my coat. (past advice / regret)
21. I (come) __________________________ to see you! I didn't know you were ill. (past willingness)
22. Andrew (go) ___________________________ to Cambridge University, but he decided to travel
instead. (past possibility)
23. They (be) ___________________________kinder to me. They were absolutely lovely. (past
negative possibility)
24. You (buy) ___________________________some milk at the shops. We don't have any milk. (past
advice / regret)
25. They (come) ___________________________to have breakfast with us, but they went to bed too
late the night before. (past willingness)
Name: …………………………………………………………………. Date: ………………………
CONDITIONALS BOOST
I. Mixed Conditionals

a. Câu diễn đạt một giả thiết trái với quá khứ dẫn đến kết quả trái với hiện tại
Past Unreal Conditional Present Unreal Conditional.
Examples:
If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.
(But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now.)
If I had taken French in high school, I would have more job opportunities.
(But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities.)
b. Câu diễn đạt một giả thiết trái với quá khứ dẫn đến kết quả trái với tương lai
Past Unreal Conditional. Future Unreal Conditional.
Example:
If Mark had got the job instead of Joe, he would be moving to Shanghai.
(But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to Shanghai.)
c. Câu diễn đạt một giả thiết trái với hiện tại dẫn đến kết quả trái với quá khứ
Present Unreal Conditional. Past Unreal Conditional.
Examples:
If I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to the party last night.
(But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to the party last night)
d. Câu diễn đạt một giả thiết trái với tương lai dẫn đến kết quả trái với quá khứ
Future Unreal Conditional. Past Unreal Conditional.
Examples:
If Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to that nice
Italian restaurant.
(But she is going to make us a big dinner tonight, and that is why I didn't suggest that we go to that
nice Italian restaurant.)
e. Câu diễn đạt một giả thiết trái với tương lai dẫn đến kết quả trái với hiện tại.
Future Unreal Conditional. Present Unreal Conditional

Examples:
If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited.
(But I am not going to go to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited.)
If Sandy were giving a speech tomorrow, she would be very nervous.
(But Sandy is not going to give a speech tomorrow and that is why she is not nervous.)
II. A number of expressions other than IF including : unless, providing that, so / as long as, on
condition that, but for, in case, otherwise, even if, only if, when, suppose, what if and or ..... ( một
số từ và cụm từ thay thế IF)
. If and When (When có thể thay thế if trong câu điều kiện loại 0)

If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

When you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

. Even if (Dẫu rằng, kể cả nếu như mà )

Even if we leave right now, we still won't catch the train.

Even if he comes here, I will not forgive him.

. Only if ( Chỉ khi mà ) nhấn mạnh điều kiện chặt chẽ hơn

These can be used only if there is an emergency

Nếu only if được đặt ở đầu câu mệnh đề điều kiện thì sẽ đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề chính

Only if you like classical music is it worth coming tonight.

. So / as long as, providing/ provided ( that) : ( Miễn là , với điều kiện là, chỉ cần ...) có thể được
dùng thay thế if để nêu lên một điều kiện

You can stay here as long as you keep quiet.

Provided/Providing (that) the bills are paid, tenants will not be evicted.

. Suppose / supposing ( giả sử, giả định rằng) , what if ( sẽ thế nào nếu như) được dùng thay if chủ
yếu trong đàm thoại hàng ngày và được sử dụng thường không có mệnh đề chính

Suppose/supposing you won the lottery, what would you do?

Suppose/supposing you can't find a job?
What if you are not accepted to university? What will you do then?

. Unless

Unless dùng để diễn đạt ý "if ... not": trừ khi, nếu .....không

My leg's broken. I can't stand up unless you help me.

(I can't stand up if you don't help me.)

. If it weren’t for / if it hadn’t been for, but for + N“ nếu không có”

Những cụm trên thường được sử dụng trong câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 , theo sau là một cụm danh từ

If it weren't for Miguel, we wouldn't know what to do now.

(Without Miguel...)
If it hadn't been for your foolishness, we wouldn't have got lost. (If you hadn't been such a fool...)
But for your help, I would have been in big trouble. (Without your help... / If you hadn't helped me...)
. In case : ( Trong trường hợp)

I'll buy a sandwich in case I get hungry.

(I'll buy a sandwich because I may get hungry later.)

I'll buy a sandwich if I get hungry.

(I'll buy a sandwich when I get hungry.).

. Or (else) and Otherwise ( nếu không thì, không là)

We must be early or (else) we won’t get a seat.
We had to take a taxi otherwise I would have been late
(If we hadn’t taken a taxi, I would have been late )

. If in doubt (nếu nghi ngờ), if possible (nếu có thể), if necessary (nếu cần) etc
If (you are) in doubt, consult a dictionary.
If necessary, you can call Jake at home.
I'd like a seat by the window if possible.

. If so , If not (thay thế mệnh đề if và được hiểu theo từng ngữ cảnh cụ thể)

"According to the weather forecast, it might rain tomorrow." "If so, we'll go hiking another day."
I hope Peter gets here soon. If not, we'll have to start without him.

III. INVERSION IN CONDITION CLAUSES

( Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện)
Đảo ngữ là hình thức đảo ngược vị trí thông thường của chủ ngữ và động từ trong câu để nhấn mạnh
một thành phần hay ý nào đó trong câu. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện thường được áp dụng cho mệnh
đề “if”.
a. Điều kiện loại I
• Nếu trong câu có “should” ở mệnh đề “if“, thì đảo “should” lên đầu câu.
Ví dụ:
If he should ring , I will tell him the news.
→ Should he ring, I will tell him the news.
• Nếu trong câu không có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should”
If he has free time, he’ll play tennis.
→ Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis.
If she comes early, we’ll start.
→ Should she come early, we’ll start.
Should(n’t) S + V, S + will V.
1. If I know the truth, I will tell you.
2. If I am tired, I will be absent. – Should I be tired, I will be absent.
3. If she calls you, tell her I miss her. – Should she call you, …..
b. Điêu kiện loại II
• Nếu trong câu có động từ “were”, thì đảo “were” lên đầu.
Ví dụ:
If I were a bird, I would fly.
→ Were I a bird, I would fly.
They would answer me if they were here.
→ Were they here, they would answer me.
• Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were” và dùng “ to V”.
Ví dụ:
If I learned Russian, I would read a Russian book.
If I were to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
→ Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming.
If they were to live in Australia now, they would go swimming.
→ Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming.
Were(n’t) S (+ to V), S would V
1. If I were a member of your team, you would win.
2. If they didn’t fire him, he would make them a tech unicorn now.
3. Because I cook the dinner, you have to wash the dish.
If I didn’t cook the dinner, you wouldn’t have to wash the dish.
-> Were _________________________________________________________________________
c. Điều kiện loại III
• Đảo trợ động từ của thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
Ví dụ:
If he had trained hard, he would have won the match.
→ Had he trained hard, he would have won the match.
Chú ý: Ở dạng phủ định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ:

Ví dụ: If I hadn’t been so late, we would have called you.

Had it not been so late, we would have called you.

We didn’t come to the party because we didn’t finish our homework.

If we had finished our homework, we would have come to the party.
=> Had we finished our homework, we would have come to the party.

Normal form Inversion

If he should call, let me know. Should he call, let me know.
If he were to ask for more money, it would be a Were he to ask for more money, it would be a
problem. problem.
If she had studied more, she would have passed Had she studied more, she would have passed
the exam. the exam.

IV. Biến thể của cụm động từ trong mệnh đề điều kiện ( if – clause)
Trong quá trình học và giao tiếp các bạn sẽ thấy câu điều kiện không phải lúc nào cũng tuân theo những
quy tắc nhất định.
a. Đối với trường hợp đang xảy ra ngay trong hiện tại
EX: If he is working, I won't disturb him.
If you are doing exercises, I will wait.
If I am playing a nice game, don't put me to bed.
b.Đối với trường hợp không chắc về thời gian của điều kiện có thật mà nhấn mạnh tính hoàn tất
của nó
EX: If you have finished your homework, I shall ask for your help.
c. Đối với câu gợi ý nhưng nhấn mạnh về điều kiện
EX : If you would like to go to the library today, I can/will go with you.
d. Đối với câu đề nghị, gợi ý, bày tỏ ý kiến mang tính lịch sự
EX : If I can help you, I will.
If I must/have to take the oral test, I shall feel afraid.
If you are going to go to University, you must study hard before an entrance
examination.
Exercise 1: Use UNLESS instead of IF
EX: If you do not study hard, you will fail the exam.
Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam
If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another.

Unless you like this one, I’ll bring you another.

If she does not hurry, she’ll be late

Unless she hurries, she’ll be late.

If you are not careful, you’ll cut yourself

Unless you are careful, you’ll cut yourself.

if you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there.

Unless you had sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were here.
Exercise 2: One of the four underlined parts marked A, B, C, D in each sentence is not correct in
standard English. Identify them then correct.
If Lucia had been here now, she would find out the truth about her uncle’s accident.
A -> were B C D
If a student takes a course on Computer Science, it will take him four years doing the course.
A B C D -> to do
Unless it did not rain, Peter would pay us a visit.
A B C D
A-> If
B-> rained
If had I known you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you.
A B C D
A -> I had known
If I had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you.
A B -> had known C D
If she had finished the work, she can go home.
A -> finishes B C D
If I had spoken more confident at the interview, they would have offered me the job.
A B -> confidently C D
If we had had a map, we would not be lost yesterday.
A B C -> wouldn’t have been D
Had I known Alice’s address, I would write to her.
A B C D
A-> If I knew
C-> I wouldn’t have written
If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I would stop.
A B C D -> would have stopped
If had you sent the application form to that company, you would have been offered a job.
A -> you had sent B C D
He spends money carelessly as if he was a millionaire.
A B C D -> were
Unless you work harder, you will be sack because of your laziness.
A B C will be sacked D
Unless there had been the heavy storm, the climbers will not have died.
A B C D -> would
She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to do it herself.
A B C -> doesn’t try D
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.
_____have enough apples, she’ll make an apple pie this afternoon.
A.Should she B. If she C. Will she D. Unless she
If you_____to me, you wouldn’t have got so much trouble.
A. listened B. would listen C. had listened D. Would have listened
If you don’t know how to spell a word, you_____ look it up in the dictionary.
A. must B. will C. should D. ought
If the sun _____, we _____for a walk.
A. shines / will go B. shone / will go C. shone / would go D. had shone / would go
The campfire _____ if it _____ last night.
A. wouldn’t be cancelled / hadn’t rained B. wouldn’t have been cancelled / hadn’t rained
C. would have been cancelled / hadn’t rained D. will be cancelled / rains
But for our parents, we _____ successful in life.
A. will never be B. would never be C. wouldn’t have be D. would have never been
If I _____ my wallet at home this morning, I _____ money for lunch now.
A. leave / will have B. didn’t leave / would have
C. hadn’t left / would have D. hadn’t left / would have had
It is too bad, Lam isn’t here. If he _____ here, he _____ what to do.
A. were / would know B. is / will know
C. had been / would have known D. was / would know
If we _____ the plans carefully, we would not have had so many serious mistakes.
A. study B. had studied C. studied D. were studying
I will never talk to you again _____ you apologize me _____ your being rude.
A. if / for B. unless / for C. or / of D. whether / or
_____ if you work harder, you will be sacked.
A. Whether B. If C. However D. Unless
I think you should stop smoking.
A. If I am you, I will stop smoking. B. If I were you, I will stop smoking.
C. If I were you, I would stop smoking. D. If I had been you, I would stop smoking.
If you take the ice out of the fridge, it _____.
A. vaporizes B. melts C. heats D. disappears
We should do something to protect water from being polluted _____we will have nothing to drink in the
future.
A. if B. whether C. or D. unless
Let’s knock on their door to see _____ home.
A. if they’re B. unless they’re C. whether they were D. if they were
Unless we _____ more snow, we can’t go skiing.
A. will have B. have C. have had D. had
You’ll fail the exam _____ you start revising.
A. if B. until C. when D. unless
Unless you wash the car, you _____ not drive it at the weekend.
A. would B. could C. have to D. may
If Peter _____ his car before the drive, he _____ the problem of out of petrol.
A. checked / will not get B. had checked / would not have got
C. checks / will not have got D. would be checking / will not have got
He stepped on the mine, and it exploded.
If he doesn’t step on the mine, it doesn’t explode.
If he doesn’t step on the mine, it won’t explode.
If he didn’t step on the mine, it wouldn’t explode.
If he hadn’t stepped on the mine, it wouldn’t have exploded.
In my experiments, the liquid is cooled to 32ºF. It always freezes.
If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it froze.
If you cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would freeze.
If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it will freeze.
If you had cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would have frozen.
It may rain this afternoon. I hope it doesn’t because I don’t want the match to be cancelled.
A. If it rains, the match is cancelled. B. If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
C. if it rained, the match would be cancelled. D. If it had rained, the match would have been cancelled.
Unfortunately, I don’t know Philosophy, so I can’t answer your question.
If I know Philosophy, I can answer your question.
If I know Philosophy, I will be able to answer your question.
If I knew Philosophy, I would be able to answer your question.
If I had known Philosophy, I would have been able to answer your question.
_____ there are some more ideas, we can end the meeting now.
A. If B. As if C. Unless D. In case
If he _____ with us now, he _____ the beauty of nature of the National Park.
A. is / can enjoy B. was / will enjoy C. has been / would enjoy D. were / could enjoy
If they had searched more carefully, they…the watch sooner.
A. will find B. would find C. found D. would have found
If I had got up early, I _____ to have breakfast now.
A. have B.I had C. would have D. would have had
I cannot buy a new computer _____ I save enough money.
A. if B. even if C. unless D. as if
Most people you meet will be polite to you _____.
A. if you are polite to them B. if you will be polite to them
C. unless you are polite to them D. if you were polite to them
If you do so, it _____ the matter worse.
A. makes only B. would only make C. will only make D. had only made
You _____ English fluently unless you practice it every day.
A. will speak B. will not speak C. can speak D. did not speak
Hurry up _____ you will miss the bus and be late for school.
A. if B. and C. or D. as
You will get a good seat if you _____ first.
A. come B. came C. have come D. will come
Sam will not graduate_____.
A. if he passed all the tests B. if he does not pass all the tests.
C. unless he passes all the tests D. unless he had passed all the tests.
If I had time, I would go with you.
A.I am free and surely go with you. B.I am too busy to go with you.
C. I will go with you because I have time. D. I am free enough to go with you.
If Margaret hadn’t been wearing a seat belt, she…. Injured.
A. has been B. would has been C. would be D. would have been
If I _____ the rain yesterday, I_____ ill.
A. had not caught / would have been B. had not caught / would have not been
C. have not caught / were not D. have not caught / would have been
He looked frightened as if he _____ a ghost.
A. sees B. is seeing C. has seen D. had seen
What _____if there _____ a serious nuclear accident.
A. will happen / was B. happens / were
C. would happen / were D. would happen / had been
Exercise 4: Rewrite the following sentences:
He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If…………………………………………………………….…………………………………………..
He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> If……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………
Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………
I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
=> If I…………..………………………………….…………………………………………………………
I only come if they invite me.
=> Unless……………………………………………….……………………………………………………
He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
=> If he………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
=> If you walk……………………………………………….……………………………………………
Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.
=> Unless……………………………………………………………………………………………….
If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner.
=> Should………………………………………………………………………………. ………………
The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather.
=> If it ………………………………………………………………………………………………
He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now.
=> Had ………………………………………………………………………………………………
You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.
=> Unless………………………………………………………………………………………………
The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it.
=> Were I………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name: …………………………………………………………………. Date: ………………………
CLAUSES AFTER “WISH”
* CLAUSE AFTER WISH (Câu điều ước)
Câu điều ước là câu diễn tả một mong ước không có thực hoặc khó có thể xảy ra. (thức giả định)
* Câu ao ước ở hiện tại: Để diễn đạt ước muốn không có thực ở hiện tại người ta dùng thì quá khứ của động
từ trong mệnh đề đứng sau wish
S 1 + Wish + S 2 + V(ed/2)/were
Ex: I don’t know English. → I wish I knew English.
He watches this film. → He wish he didn’t watch this film.
* Câu ao ước ở quá khứ: Dùng để diễn tả ước muốn không có thực ở quá khứ người ta dùng thì quá khứ
hoàn thành trong mệnh đề đứng sau wish

S1 + Wish + S 2 + had + V(ed/3)

Eg: I didn’t have enough money to buy that dress yesterday.

→ I wish I had had money to buy that dress yesterday.
* Câu ao ước ở tương lai: Để diễn tả một ước muốn ở tương lai
S1 + Wish + S 2 + would + V (base form)
Eg: I will be punished by my parents because I didn’t do my homework.
→ I wish I wouldn’t be punished by parents.
* Câu điều ước đặc biệt:
Eg: I can’t speak Korean. → I wish I could speak Korean. → If only I could speak Korean.
- If only: giá mà
Eg: I wish I could go with you now. → I wish to go with you now.
I wish she could go with you now. → I wish to go with you now.
- S + wish + S + V-ed → S wish to V / S wish not to V
Chung chủ ngữ đưa mệnh đề sau wish thành “to V”
Eg: We wish you a merry Christmas./ a happy new year./ good lucks and good health.
- Wish smb smt: chúc ai điều gì
PRACTICE EXERCISES
Ex 1: Choose the best answer
1. This is a difficult problem. I wish I …….. the answer.
A. know B. knew C. had known D. would know
2. I couldn’t come to Mary’s birthday party last night. I wish…….. there.
A. I could B. I had come C. I could have come D. came
3. I can’t understand anything Marie says. I wish I ……. French.
A. can speak B. speak C. could speak D. speaking
4. I want to get in touch with Jane. If only I ……. her phone number.
A. knew B. to know C. know D. knowing
5. Helen has a lot of work to do today. She wishes she ……. more time.
A. has had B. has C. had had D. had
6. Mary didn’t get good marks for the test last week. She wishes she …….more carefully.
A. study B. would study C. studied D. had studied
7. I wish you …….watching television while I am talking to you.
A. stop B. stopped C. stop D. to stop
8. Bill wishes he ……. more money so he …………. a new bike.
A. has – can buy B. have – could buy C. had – can buy D. had – could buy
9. If only I…….a bird, I could fly freely to anywhere I want.
A. am B. was C. were D. would be
10. I wish I ……. so rude to my parents yesterday.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. haven’t been D. am not
11. I wish I …….. play the piano as well as my close friend ……..
A. could/ played B. can/ plays C. could/ plays D. can play
12. I wish I …….. to my parents. Now it’s too late.
A. listen B. would listen C. have listened D. had listened
13. If only he …….. me the truth, I didn’t treat her badly.
A. told B. had told C. tells D. would tell
14. I wish I …… to the movies with you last night.
A. went B. go C. have gone D. had gone
15. She wishes she …… him the bad news tomorrow.
A. didn’t tell B. doesn’t tell C. hadn’t told D. wouldn’t tell
16. If only I …… for that job, I might be a manager now.
A. apply B. applied C. had applied D. have applied
Ex 2: Write the correct form of the verbs in the brackets:
1. This is a difficult problem. I wish I (know) _____________ the answer.
2. I can’t come to Mary’s birthday party tonight. I wish (can come) ____________________ there.
3. I can’t understand anything Marie says. I wish I (can understand) _______________________ French.
4. I want to get in touch with Jane. I wish I (have) _____________ her phone number.
5. Helen has a lot of work to do today. She wishes today (be) _____________ Saturday.
6. Mary doesn’t get good marks this semester. Her mother wishes she (study) __________ more carefully.
7. I wish you (stop) _____________ watching television while I am talking to you.
8. Bill wishes he (have) _____________ more money so he could buy a new bike.
9. I wish I (be) _____________a bird, I could fly freely to anywhere I want.
10. She wishes she (be) _____________ qualified for that job, she wants to be a clerk.
11. I wish I (can play) _________________ the piano as well as my close friend.
12. I wish he (not listen) __________________ to his friends. They are not good to him.
13. She wishes he (tell) _____________her the truth.
14. I wish I (can go) _____________ to the movies with you tonight.
15. She wishes she (not have) __________________ to tell him the bad news.
Ex 3: Rewrite the sentences so that it has the same meaning:
1. I’m sorry I don’t bring my documents.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
2. What a pity it is raining heavily.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
3. I hope that you will have a better luck next time.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
4. What a shame we don’t know you are here.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
5. I don’t like when she talked to him.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
6. The man is so frustrated because he is busy with his work at all.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
7. The boy likes playing computer games. That disappoints his parents.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
8. We are tired of doing the same things all day.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
9. I am so sorry that I won’t join the trip with you.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
10. She is nervous because she doesn’t understand what they are saying.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________
*Homework:
1. I’m sorry I don’t send you the email.
→ I wish ____________________________________________________________________________
2. What a pity the flight was cancelled.
→ We wish __________________________________________________________________________
3. It’s a pity we can’t make our own decision.
→ I wish ____________________________________________________________________________
4. What a shame they will cheat in the exam.
→ We wish __________________________________________________________________________
5. I don’t like such a difficult exercise.
→ I wish ____________________________________________________________________________
6. The man is so tired because he has to work overnight.
→ The man wishes ____________________________________________________________________
7. My friends are so into smoking. It’s really bad.
→ I wish ____________________________________________________________________________
8. We are bored of staying at home during the pandemic.
→ We wish __________________________________________________________________________
9. She is so sorry that she won’t attend my wedding.
→ She wishes to ______________________________________________________________________
10. He was worried because he didn’t know where he was.
→ He wished to _______________________________________________________________________
11. It's a pity that you don’t tell us about this.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
12. It's such a pity your sister can't come as well.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
13. They regret ever getting married.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
14. I'm sorry that he doesn’t accept the job he has been offered.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
15. I regret going to bed so late every day.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
16. What a pity! You aren’t here with us now.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
17. I’d like my father give up smoking.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
18. He doesn’t help his mother with house work. She is sad about it.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
19. My friends often go on a camping trip without me, which make me feel left-out.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
20. What a pity we have to go now.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________
Name: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________
REPORTED SPEECH
(Câu tường thuật)
Eg: Minh said to Ngan: “I will pick you up tomorrow.”
Direct speech – Lời nói trực tiếp
Minh said to Ngan that he would pick her up the day after.
Indirect speech – Lời nói gián tiếp
Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp giúp lời nói trở nên dễ hiểu hơn
với người nghe.
1. My son said: “I don’t want to go to school.”
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. His wife said to him: "I don't want to live with you anymore."
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. She said to me: "I will call you tomorrow."
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. My mother said: "I am too tired to do all the housework."
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. He said to me: "You didn't tell me about it."
_________________________________________________________________________________
* Cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp:
1. Câu kể
- Bước 1: Phá ngoặc, thêm “that” nếu cần.
- Bước 2: Đổi ngôi (chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, ….)
- Bước 3: Lùi thì
- Bước 4: Đổi các phần còn lại.
* Lùi thì (khi động từ trích dẫn chia ở thì quá khứ: say – said, tell – told, ask – asked…)
Direct speech Indirect speech
Hiện tại đơn → Quá khứ đơn
“I live in Ho Chi Minh City.” She said (that) she lived in Ho Chi Minh City.
Hiện tại tiếp diễn →Quá khứ tiếp diễn
“I am travelling for a few weeks.” He said (that) he was travelling for a few weeks.
Hiện tại hoàn thành → Quá khứ hoàn thành (had + PII)
“Paul has done his homework.” She said (that) Paul had done his homework.
Quá khứ đơn →Quá khứ hoàn thành (had + PII)
“Emma arrived last night”. He said (that) Emma had arrived the night before.
Quá khứ tiếp diễn → Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (had been V-ing)
“I was making a cake for you”. She told me that she had been making a cake for me.
Will →would
“Everyone will live on Mars.” He said (that) everyone would live on Mars.
 Can → could
“You can do this.” They told us (that) we could do that.
May →might
“We may stay at this hotel.” He said (that) they might stay at that hotel.

* Đổi các phần còn lại (trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn…)
now → then
this → that
these → those
here → there
today → that day / the day
tonight → that night / the night
tomorrow → the next day/ the following day/ the day after
yesterday → the day before/ the previous day
last ____ → the ______ before/ the previous _____
ago → before
next ____ → the following/ the next / the ____ after
Ex 1: Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
1. He said: “I am going to see you here tomorrow”.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
2. I told my teacher: “I will finish this assignment next week.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
3. Her boyfriend said: “If I have money, I will buy you a car.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
4. “This is the first time I have tasted such as good glass of wine,” he said
→ _____________________________________________________________________
5. Peter said:” I am looking forward to my grandfather’s gift”.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
6. “Mr. Brown owns two cars and three houses”. Jim said.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
7. She said to me:” I can’t do it by myself”.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
8. My manager said:” Someone broke into our office yesterday”.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
9. People always tell me: “You have to be hard-working to succeed.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
10. Her boyfriend said: “If I had money, I would buy you a car.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
* Cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp:
2. Câu hỏi
- Bước 1: Phá ngoặc, chuyển động từ trích dẫn về “ask”, “want to know”, “wonder”
- Bước 2: Thêm if/ whether (Yes/No questions) hoặc thêm từ dể hỏi (H-WH questions)
- Bước 3: Đưa về trật tự câu kể (Chủ ngữ đứng trước, (trợ động từ), động từ đứng sau)
- Bước 4: Đổi ngôi, lùi thì, đổi các phần còn lại.
Eg: Thao said to Duong: “Will you pick me up tomorrow?”
→ Thao asked Duong if he would pick her up the day after.

Ex 2: Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. “Does your brother live in London, Peter?” Jane asked.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
2. “Did you enjoy the party last night?” my classmate asked me.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
3. “Are you going to London next week?” Peter asked Jane.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
4. “Have you done the laundry?” Mom asked my sister.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
5. “What do you often do if you are sad?” Jim asked me.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
6. “What are you doing now?” Jim asked his sister.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
7. “What have you done to cope with your work stress?” My doctor asked me.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
8. Jim asked me:” Who ran into you yesterday?”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
9. Jim asked his girlfriend: “How many pairs of shoes do you have?”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
10. My friends always ask me:” What genre of music do you like the most?”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
Ex 3: Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
1. My mother said:” I will go on a business trip next week”.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
2. “If I pass this test, my father will buy me a new skateboard” Peter said.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
3. He told me:” You may have trouble if you don’t do your homework”.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
4. The singer said: “I started my career three years ago”.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
5. Jim told me:” It is not my book, it’s yours.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
6. “Have you received a postcard from your foreign friend.” Ann said to me.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
7. “Did this story happen long ago.” He said.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
8. Peter said: “I hope it will be sunny tomorrow.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
9. “ What will you do if you win a lottery ?” Peter asked me.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
10. “ This is the first time I’ve been to NYC”. Peter said.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
11. “You don’t have to do this if you don’t really want to”. Theu said to me.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
12. He asked me: “What would she say if I apologized her?”
→ _____________________________________________________________________
13. “Peter has been a friends of mine for 3 years.” I told Jane
→ _____________________________________________________________________
14. “ Will be capable of winning this contest?” Jim wondered.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
15. “ There was a serious car accident right here last week” Josh said.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
16. “ I am frustrated that Jim forgot our date yesterday”. Jane told me.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
17. Mr Brown told his wife:” Our children have grown up, so you don’t have to care much about
them”.
→ _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
18. “ Will you forgive Jim if he apologizes to you?” Jane asked me.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
19. Many doctors say:” Teenagers undergo many physical and mental changes during their puberty”.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
12. “ I saw Jim when I was walking home yesterday.” He told me.
→ _____________________________________________________________________
* Note: Một số trường hợp không lùi thì của động từ khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp
- Khi động từ trích dẫn ở thì hiện tại
- Khi tường thuật lại câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 (Loại 1 vẫn lùi bình thường)
- Khi trong câu có cả thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn, hoặc quá khứ đơn và quá khứ
hoàn thành
* Cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp:
3. Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu

- Khi tường thuật lại mệnh lệnh hay yêu cầu, ta dùng “tell” cho câu mệnh lệnh và “ask” cho câu yêu
cầu.
* Commands (Mệnh lệnh) * Request (Yêu cầu)

- Khẳng định - Khẳng định

Eg: "Stay at home," Tom said to me.
→ Tom told me to stay at home.
- Phủ định
Eg: “Don't move,” the man said to Ben.
→ The man told Ben not to move
Eg: "Give me some water, please," Mary said to Jim.
→ Mary asked Jim to give her some water.
- Phủ định
Eg: “Don't turn off the TV, please,” Dad said to me.
→ Dad asked me not to turn off the TV.

tell/ ask smb (not) to V: ra lệnh cho/ yêu cầu ai (không) làm gì
Ex 4: Look at the picture, read the speech bubbles and answer the question below:

Ex 5: Look, read and write what the museum attendant asked the students to do.
Name: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________
REPORTED SPEECH
(Câu tường thuật)
* NO CHANGE IN VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH

KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI THÌ Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai
ĐỘNG TỪ KHI
CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU
TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, cũng không có thay đổi thì
TIẾP động từ trong những trường hợp sau

Khi động từ Khi động từ Khi Câu

Tường trong câu trong câu tường điều
thuật trực tiếp có trực tiếp thuật kiện
một sự các thì: quá có: used to, mệnh đề loại 2
thật khứ tiếp should, ước và loại
hiển diễn kết would, muốn với 3
nhiên, hợp với quá could, “wish” và
một khứ đơn, might, “if only”
chân lí quá khứ ought to,
đơn với quá had better,
khứ hoàn would
thành, quá rather
khứ đơn (đi
kèm thời
gian cụ thể)

1. “The sun rises in the east”, my dad said.

→ My dad said_______________________________________________________________________.
2. “My friend is coming next week”, Tom says.
→ Tom says _________________________________________________________________________.
3. Quynh said to An: "I had been waiting for hours before you came.”
→ Quynh said to An____________________________________________________________________.
4. "You had better take this pill to feel better.", Hoang told the girl.
→ Hoang said_________________________________________________________________________.
5. The woman said: "I was bom in 1954 and left my hometown in 1962".
→ The woman said______________________________________________________________________.
6. "We wish we didn’t have to finish all these exercises before next week", his students said.
→ His students said _____________________________________________________________________.
7. "If a stranger appeared, what would you do?", he said to his brother.
→ He said to his brother_________________________________________________________________.
8. Van said: "If I hadn’t missed the bus last morning, I couldn’t have been late at school".
→ Van said____________________________________________________________________________.
9. Khanh said to Thao: "If you had had breakfast, you couldn’t be hungry now".
→ Khanh said to Thao____________________________________________________________________.
 III. TYPES OF REPORTES SPEECH

CÂU KỂ S + say(s)/said/told + (that) + S + V

Câu hỏi S + asked/wanted to know/

YES-NO wondered + if/whether + S + V
CÂU HỎI
Câu hỏi có S + asked (+O)/wanted to know/
từ để hỏi wondered + Wh-words/how + S + V

Các loại
câu
tường - tell/ask sb + to V: bảo/yêu cầu ai làm gì
thuật - advise sb + to V: khuyên ai làm gì
Câu tường thuật - promise + to V: hứa làm gì
với động từ theo - threaten + to V: đe doạ làm gì
sau bằng động từ - warn + sb + not to V: cảnh báo không nên làm gì
nguyên thể - invite sb + to V: mời ai làm gì
- remind + sb + to V: nhắc nhở ai làm gì
- encourage sb + to V: khuyến khích ai làm gì
- offer + to V: đề nghị làm gì
- agree + to V: đồng ý làm gì

- accuse sb of + V-ing: buộc tội ai vì làm gì

- admit + V-ing: thừa nhận làm gì
- deny + V-ing: phủ nhận làm gì
Câu tường thuật
với động từ theo - apologize (to sb) for + V-ing: xin lỗi ai vì làm gì
sau bằng danh - blame sb for + V-ing: đổ lỗi cho ai vì làm gì
động từ - complain (to sb) about + V-ing: phàn nàn về điều gì
- confess to V-ing: thú nhận làm gì
- congratulate sb on + V-ing: chúc mừng vì làm gì
- criticize sb for V-ing: chỉ trích vì làm gì
- insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng làm gì
- object to + V-ing: phản đối làm gì
- suggest + V-ing: gợi ý/đề nghị làm gì
- thank sb for + V-ing: cảm ơn ai vì làm gì
- warn sb against + V-ing: cảnh báo ai không nên làm gì

Ex 1: Give the correct form of the verbs in the blankets

Chi 1. The instructor (warn) __________ the sportsman (not repeat)_not to repeat_ that mistake.
Lê Thảo 2. "What did you ask him that upset him so much?” “I asked him if he (plan) _had planned /
planned/ would plan_ to get married again.” (Did/ Do/ Will you plan to get married again?”)
Mai 3. Having finished her presentation, the speaker asked if anyone (have) _had_ any questions.
(“Does anyone have any question?”)
Duy Anh 4. The MP asked if the Prime Minister (be) _was_aware of the growing social problems.
(“Are you aware of the growing social problems?”)
Nguyệt 5. He said that he (go)__would go__abroad for a year if he (be) _were_me.
Phương Linh 6. John told me that when he (see)_saw_my sister, she (talk) _was talking_ with a handsome
man.
Vinh 7. Peter said that if he (be)_was/ were_rich he (travel) _would travel_a lot.
(If he is rich, he will travel a lot./ If he were rich, he would travel a lot.)
Trúc 8. I asked him whose car he (borrow) _had borrowed_the previous night.
(Whose car did you borrow last night?”)
Vy 9. They asked me if my brother (work) _was working_in London then. (now – Hiện tại tiếp diễn)
(Is your brother working in London now?)
(ask (câu hỏi) if/whether/ từ để hỏi S V)
(ask (yêu cầu) smb to V)
Hoàng 10. He asked the children (not make) _not to make_too much noise.
Dũng 11. The woman asked whether the children (can get) _could get__lunch at school or not.
Thư 12. James said that he (must = have to) __must/ had to __take the early bus that morning.
Hoàng Thảo 13. We asked the guide if it (be) __would be / was__safe to stay in the mountains for
the night if the weather (not change) __didn’t change__for the better.
(Will it be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn’t change for the better?)
(Is it safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn’t change for the better?)
Chi 14. Peter told me that Daisy (look) _looked__frightened as if something terrible (happen)_happened_.
(Daisy looks frightened as if something terrible happened.)
Linh 15. My brother said that if oil (pour)_pours _into water, it (float)_floats_ on the water surface.
Vy 16. Laura said that when she (walk)_was walking_to school, she saw an accident.
Dũng 17. Julia said that she (be)_was/ had been/ would be__there at noon.
(I am here at noon./ I was here at noon. / I will be here at noon.)
Vinh 18. My parents told that they (love)_had loved_each other since they (be)_were_students at high school.
Lê Thảo 19. He asked me what I (do) __would do__after I had graduated from university.
(What will you do after you have graduated from university?)
Hoàng 20. He (tell)_tells_me that he is leaving that afternoon.
Ex 2: Change these following sentences into reported speech
1. They said: "We are learning English now ",
→ They said_________________________________________________________________________.
2. "I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend", she said.
→ She said__________________________________________________________________________.
Khiêm 3. "I came back here early yesterday", she said.
→ She said that she had come back there early the previous day.
Duy Anh 4. The man declared: "I shall be doing exactly the same work next Monday as I am doing today".
→ The man declared that he should/ would be doing exactly the same work the next Monday as he was
doing that day.
Dương 5. Our teacher said: "The Second World War broke out in 1939".
→ Our teacher said The Second World War broke out in 1939.
6. Linh said: "If my father repairs the bike now, I will ride the bike to school this afternoon."
→ Linh said___________________________________________________________________________.
7. "I would have passed the exam if I had tried my best", Binh said.
→ Binh said___________________________________________________________________________.
Vinh 8. "Leave your address with the secretary", the assistant said to me.
→ The assistant asked me to leave my address with the secretary.
9. "Leave your things here", my companion said to me.
→ My companion advised________________________________________________________________.
Vy 10. "Don’t forget to send your parents my regards", she said to me.
→ She reminded we to send my parents her regards.
11. "You should join the football team, Eric", said the teacher.
→ The teacher encouraged_______________________________________________________________
Dương 12. "Be careful of strangers and don’t go out at night", he said to us.
→ He warned us to be careful of strangers and not to go out at night.
He warned us not to go out at night and told us to be careful of strangers.
Khiêm 13. "Come and see me whenever you want", she said to him.
→ She invited him to come and see her whenever he wanted.
14. "Leave here immediately!", I said to him.
→ I ordered____________________________________________________________________________
Thắng 15. "We will shut the door if you go on getting out", said the parents to children.
→ The parents threatened to shut the door if the children went on getting out.
16. "Please, please let me come in", he said.
→ He begged (me) to let him come in.
17. "Have you travelled abroad much?", he asked me.
→ He asked me__________________________________________________________________________
18. "Who has written this note?", the boss asked the secretary.
→ The boss asked_________________________________________________________________________
19. "Why didn’t I remember meeting her 2 days ago?", he wondered.
→ He wondered___________________________________________________________________________
Duy Anh 20. My sister said to me: "What about going to see Aunt Mary on Sunday?"
→ My sister suggested going to see Aunt Mary on Sunday.
* suggest + V-ing: đề xuất việc gì
Eg: “What/ How about going to the cinema?”
“Let’s / Why don’t we/ Shall we go to the cinema?”
→ She suggested going to the cinema.
* suggest (that) S (should) V: đề xuất rằng ai đó nên làm gì
Eg: My father suggests (that) my brother (should) _______ an entrance test to TPC.
A. takes B. take C. taking D. to take
Ex 3: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. When I was a teenager, my dad always told me that I hadn’t used to stay out later than ten o’clock.
A B C I mustn’t stay D
I didn’t used to/ he didn’t used to
2. I asked him how far was it from my school to the post office if I went there by taxi. ✔
A B -> it was C D
3. Someone told to me a few months ago that getting a mortgage would be easy. ✔
told me <- A before <- B C D
4. Her mother ordered her do not go out with him the day after. ✔
A B -> not to go C D
5. Last week he told us we don’t have to do that exercise and then yesterday he said he’d made a mistake.
didn’t <- A B C D
6. He advised her thinking about that example again because it needed correcting. ✔
A B -> to think about C D
7. Darren said that Mr Taylor had to have forgotten about the meeting, but I’m not so sure. ✔
A B - > must C D
8. Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer previous. ✔
A B C D -> before
9. I was pleased when Jilly told us that she can help us paint the flat. If only I’d known that earlier. ✔
A B -> could C D
10. Dan said he must drive to Liverpool that night, but apparently he didn’t go in the end.
A -> had to B C D
11. Before he got his results, Philip said that he may have to retake some exams, he doesn’t have to. ✔
A B C -> might D
12. Lucy says she would let us know as soon as she gets the tickets. ✔
A -> will B C D
13. The receptionist said that if I wanted to have breakfast, I will have to pay extra. ✔
A B C - would D
14. Liz said that the night before she had Evan and Christie over for dinner. ✔
A B C -> had had D
Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ___________________
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (Thức giả định)
A. STRUCTURES
1. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 2 để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc không thể xảy
ra được ở tương lai.
Cấu trúc:
If + S + V (quá khứ đơn) + ..., S + would/could + V (nguyên dạng)
Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả những giả thuyết không có thật
ở trong quá khứ.
Cấu trúc:
If + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) +..., S + would/ could + have + Vp2

2. CÂU ƯỚC
(S + wish)/if only + S + V (quá khứ đơn)
Dùng trong câu ước không có thực ở hiện tại (wish = If only)
(S + wish)/if only + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Dùng sau "wish/ If only" để diễn đạt ý cầu mong hoặc giả định đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ.
3. AS IF / AS THOUGH: NHƯ THỂ
(Trước as if / though là thì gì thì sau as if/ though lùi một thì)
S1 + V (hiện tại đơn) + as if/ as though + S2 + V (quá khứ đơn)
S1 + V (quá khứ đơn) + as if/ as though + S2 + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Eg: She cries as if her mother died.
My brother acted as though he had been a child.
4. OTHERWISE: Nếu không thì
S + V (hiện tại đơn) + otherwise + S + would/could + V(bare)
S + V (quá khứ đơn) + otherwise + S + would/could + have + Vp2
Eg: She has to pay to bill otherwise the power could be cut offf.
He didn’t told me otherwise I would have called you.
5. WOULD RATHER: thích hơn
S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá khứ đơn) (nếu có dấu hiệu của hiện tại)
Eg: I would rather that you went with me now.
didn't go with me now.
S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) (nếu có dấu hiệu của quá khứ)
Eg: I would rather that you had called me yesterday.
hadn’t called me yesterday
6. Dùng trong cấu trúc “It’s time …”: (đã đến lúc cho ai đó làm gì)
It's (high/about) time + S + V (quá khứ đơn) = It's time for sb to do smt
Eg: It’s about time you studied harder for the high school entrance exam.
It’s time for you to study

7. S + V(any tense) + that + S + (not) + V (present subjunctive)

Eg: My mother suggested that I do my homework before going out.
STT Động từ Nghĩa
+ advise / ədˈvaɪz /: khuyên bảo.
+ demand / dɪˈmɑːnd /: đòi hỏi, yêu cầu.
 + prefer / prɪˈfəːr /:
+ require / rɪˈkwaɪər /:
+ insist / ɪnˈsɪst /:
+ propose / prəˈpəʊz /:
+ stipulate / ˈstɪpjuleɪt /:
+ command / kəˈmɑːnd /:
+ move / muːv /:
+ recommend /rekə'mend/:
+ suggest / səˈdʒest /:
+ decree / dɪˈkriː/:
+ order / ˈɔːdə/:
+ request / rɪˈkwest/ /:
+ urge / ɜːdʒ /:
+ ask / ɑːsk /:
thích hơn, ưa hơn.
đòi hỏi, yêu cầu.
cứ nhất định, khăng khăng đòi, cố nài.
đề nghị, đề xuất, đưa ra.
quy định, đặt điều kiện
ra lệnh, chỉ thị.
chuyển, khuấy động, làm cảm động, đề nghị
giới thiệu, tiến cử.
đề nghị, đề xuất, gợi ý.
ra lệnh, quy định bằng sắc lệnh
ra lệnh.
thỉnh cầu, yêu cầu, đề nghị.
hối thúc, thúc giục.
đòi hỏi, xin, yêu cầu, thỉnh cầu

8. It + be (any tense) + Adj + that + S + (not) + V (present subjunctive)

Eg: It is important that the authorities preserve traditional craft village.
STT Tính từ
+ important / ɪmˈpɔːtənt /:
+ necessary / ˈnesəseri /:
+ urgent / ˈɜrdʒənt /:
+ obligatory / əˈblɪɡətri /:
+ essential / ɪˈsenʃl /:
+ advisable / ədˈvaɪzəbəl/:
+ recommended/ ˌrekəˈmend /:
+ required / rɪˈkwaɪəd/:
+ mandatory / ˈmændətəri /:
+ proposed / prəˈpəʊzd /:
+ suggested / səˈdʒesid /:
+ vital / ˈvaɪtl /:
+ crucial / ˈkruːʃəl /:
+ imperative / ɪmˈperətɪv /:
Nghĩa
quan trọng,
cần thiết, thiết yếu.
khẩn thiết, cấp bách
bắt buộc, cưỡng bách
cần thiết, cốt yếu, chủ yếu.
nên, thích hợp, đáng theo
được giới thiệu, tiến cử
đòi hỏi, cần thiết
có tính cách bắt buộc
được đề nghị, dự kiến
giới thiệu, đề nghị
sống còn, quan trọng
quyết định, cốt yếu, chủ yếu
bắt buộc, cấp bách

9. Tất cả các danh từ xuất phát từ những động từ và tính từ trên đều buộc mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng
giả định, nếu như nó diễn đạt các yếu tố như thể hiện ý muốn, yêu cầu đề nghị, ra lệnh, gợi ý.
Eg: My mother made a suggestion that I (not) do my homework before going out.
STT Danh từ Nghĩa
+ demand / dɪˈmɑːnd /: đòi hỏi, yêu cầu
+ recommendation / ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn /: sự giới thiệu, sự tiến cử
+ insistence / ɪnˈsɪstəns /: sự khăng khăng đòi, sự cố nài
+ request / rɪˈkwest /: lời thỉnh cầu, lời yêu cầu
+ proposal / prəˈpəʊzl /: sự đề nghị, sự đề xuất
+ suggestion / səˈdʒestʃən /: sự đề nghị, sự gợi ý
+ preference / ˈprefrəns /: sự thích hơn
+ importance / ɪmˈpɔːtənt /: sự quan trọng
B. PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Find a mistake in each following sentence and correct it.
* Lưu ý:
- Những từ cô gạch dưới là những key words giúp xác định mệnh đề sau đó là thức giả định.
- Những câu cô tô màu ghi là những câu có thức giả định hiện tại (present subjunctive: nói về việc cần
làm, nên làm, được đề xuất, đề nghị, khuyên làm). Thức giả định hiện tại có cấu trúc là: “that S (not)
Vnguyên thể” (Ứng với phần lý thuyết số 7, 8, 9)
Question 1: Henry would rather that his girlfriend work in the same department as he does. ->
worked
Question 2: It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stops smoking.
Question 3: It is high time I had left for the airport.
Question 4: It is important that we be talked about how developed countries have solved the
urbanization problems and propose some solutions to those in Viet Nam.
Question 5: Is it really necessary that we included new information in the conclusion?
Question 6: It is recommended that the presentation were no more than 15 minutes.
Question 7: I suggest that we focused on its advantages and disadvantages.
Question 8: Our Geography teacher also advised that we will talk about issues that are familiar and
important to our classmates.
Question 9: It is important that he gets into a good university.
Question 10: The teacher demanded that the classroom clean immediately.
Question 11: It is vital that people allow to choose where to live.
Question 12: She requested that everyone in my class attends her presentation.
Question 13: It is crucial that urban people don’t look down on rural people.
Question 14: Her parents insisted that she studies hard for GCSE.
Question 15: The doctor suggested that his patient does not stop smoking.
Question 16: This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I catch the earlier train.
Question 17: Santiago wishes he didn't spend so much money last night.
Question 18: Bob would rather that Jill went to class yesterday.
Question 19: It is imperative that everyone knows what to do when there is a fire.
Question 20: Public opinion demands that an inquiry held.
Question 21: Marry would rather that her boyfriend would keep his promise.
Question 22: The teacher asked that we stopped talking in the class.
Question 23: It has been suggested that children will study hard.
Question 24: Jennifer would rather she did not leave her phone at home yesterday.
Question 25: If this were proven right, you will be considered innocent.
Question 25: If this were proven right, you will be considered innocent.
Question 26: It has been suggested that he forgets the election.
Question 27: It was recommended that we will wait for the authorities.
Question 28: The landlord requested that John moves out of the apartment.
Question 29: The company asked that employees do not accept personal phone calls during business
hours.
Question 30: It has been proposed that we will change the topic.
Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
Question 1: I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I______the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. am reading
Question 2: You are late. If you______a few minutes earlier, you______him.
A. came/would meet B. had come/would have met
C. come/will meet D. had come/would meet
Question 3: I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he______everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
Question 4: His doctor suggested that he______a short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
Question 5: We might have failed if you______us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
Question 6: The law requires that everyone______his car checked at least once a month.
A. has B. have C. had D. will have
Question 7: He was busy yesterday, otherwise he______to the meeting.
A. would come B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
Question 8: If there were no subjunctive mood, English______much easier.
A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
Question 9: I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I______it better.
A. understood B. would understand C. had understood D. understand
Question 10: It never stops raining here. I wish it______raining.
A. stopped B. would stop C. had stopped D. stops
Question 11: I should never have said that. I wish I______that.
A. didn't say B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said D. don’t say
Question 12: I miss my friends. I wish my friends______here right now.
A. were B. would be C. had been D. are
Question 13: I speak English terribly. I wish I______English well.
A. spoke B. would speak C. had spoken D. speaks
Question 14: I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______quiet.
A. kept B. would keep C. had kept D. will keep
Question 15: -“What will you do during winter vacation?”
-“I don’t know, but it’s about time______something.”
A. I decided B. I’ll decide C. I’d decided D. I’m deciding
Question 16: He was very busy yesterday, otherwise, he______to your birthday party.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. should come
Question 17: The two strangers talked as if they______friends for years.
A. should be B. had been C. have been D. were
Question 18: It is about time you______harder for the next exam.
A. work B. are working C. worked D. have worked
Question 19: The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe. It looks as if it______down.
A. would fall B. falls C. is falling D. is going to fall
Question 20: Team rules require that each player______responsible for memorizing one rule and then
for teaching that rule to all of the players.
A. is B. was C. be D. were
Question 21: To avoid unnecessary injury, the coach insisted that the players' tackling drills______on
the proper way to fall down.
A. focused B. focus C. were focused D. to focus
Question 22: I wish I______to retake my exams.
A. do not have B. will not have C. am about D. did not have
Question 23: The spaceman felt as if he______in a paradise.
A. had fallen B. falls C. fall D. has fallen
Question 24: He looked frightened as if he______a ghost.
A. has seen B. had seen C. were D. saw
Question 25: I wish another more effective teaching method______used.
A. is B. was C. were D. has been
Question 26: She wishes she______a fairy now.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
Question 27: She spent money as if she______plenty of it.
A. have B. had C. had had D. should have
Question 28: The emperor demanded that the thief______brought before him.
A. were B. will be C. was D. be
Question 29: She talks too much but I wish she______.
A. didn't B. doesn't C. won't D. wouldn't
Question 30: They will drink wine but I wish they______.
A. didn't B. don't C. won't D. wouldn't
Question 31: I demand that he______immediately.
A. apologize B. shall apologize C. will apologize D. has apologized
Question 32: The teacher requires Rose______by heart 15 English words each day.
A. learn B. to learn C. must learn D. learning
Question 33: I suggested that she______her lawyer before signing the contract.
A. consults B. shall consult C. will consult D. should consult
Question 34: It is necessary that everything______ready by two o'clock tomorrow.
A. be B. was C. were D. would have been
Question 35: They recommend that she______to a ski resort in Spain.
A. will go B. would have gone C. should go D. should have gone
Question 36: It is advisable that you______your application as soon as possible.
A. submit B. will submit
C. will have submitted D. should have submitted
Question 37: It is desirable that the hotel manager______to call the maintenance
staff every 6 months to clean up the air conditioners.
A. remember B. will remember C. must remember D. remembers
Question 38: The Principal demanded that the heaters______immediately. Winter is coming!
A. are repaired B. be repaired C. were repaired D. repair
Question 39: The boss insisted that Sam______at the meeting as he is too talkative for such a
confidential project.
A. not be B. isn't C. was D. is
Question 40: The doctor insisted that she______to the hospital for tests.
A. go B. goes C. will go D. has gone
Question 41: She suggested that we______in the lobby of the hotel at 9:00 a.m.
A. shall meet B. will meet C. should meet D. would have met
Name: ………………………………………………………. Date: ………………………………
PRONUNCIATION
Letter “I”, “Y” – Group “ie”
Fill in the blanks with /aiə/, /ai/, /ɜː/, /ɪ:/, /ə/ or /ɪ/:
- “i” is commonly pronouned as /ɪ/ such as: fit, slippery, knit
Or /ɜː/ (especially when it comes before “r”): stir, bird,
or /ai/ such as: kite, sacrifice, mine
or /ə/ such as: pencil, terrible, principle
- “y” can be pronounced as /ɪ/ such as: physics, worry, quality
or /ai/ such as: shy, fly, multiply
- “ie” can be pronounced as /ɪ:/ such as: piece, relieve, belief
or /ai/ such as: lie, tie, die
or /ə/ such as: ancient, proficient
or /aiə/ such as: society, quiet, diet
Mark letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of
the others in each group. (Homework: Write the phonetic transcription of each word.)

1. A. skill /ɪ/ B. life /ai/ C. risk D. knit

2. A. helpline /ai/ B. time /ai/ C. size /ai/ D. strip /ɪ/

3. A. informed B. conflict C. index D. friendly

4. A. worried B. negative C. reliable D. artisan

5. A. ceramic B. conical C. pigeon D. remind

6. A. confident B. delighted C. disappoint D. determine

7. A. discipline B. forbidden C. medium D. resident

8. A. multicutural B. handicraft C. primitive D. specific

9. A. cognitive B. independent C. indicator D. various

10. A. emergency B. worry C. skyscraper D. authenticity

11. A. achieve B. believe C. ancient D. piece

12. A. scientific B. convenient C. society D. variety

Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences
Question 1: Please don’t tell anyone about it.
=> I’d rather you_______________________________________________
Question 2: I would prefer you deliver the sofa this afternoon.
=> I’d rather you______________________________________________
Question 3: “Why don’t you ask her yourself?”
=> My friend suggests that_______________________________________
Question 4: She urged her husband to apply for the post in the government.
=> She urged that her husband____________________________________
Question 5: They insisted on my coming early.
=> They insisted that____________________________________________
Question 6: An accountant has to master computer science.
=> It is necessary that___________________________________________
Question 7: It is time for us to leave now.
=> It’s time we________________________________________________
Question 8: What a pity! Your sister can’t come with us.
=> If only____________________________________________________
Question 9: Everyone find it important for us to do something to save the environment.
=> It is important that we_________________________________________
Question 10: Michael lost his job last month, so he couldn’t buy a car.
=> If Michael__________________________________________________
Question 11: He regrets applying for the job in that company.
=> He wishes___________________________________________________
Question 12: The headmaster insists on every schoolgirl’s wearing Ao Dai every Monday.
=> The headmaster insists that_______________________________________
Question 13: They advise her to eat less meat and fat to keep herself healthy.
=> It is advisable that she__________________________________________
Question 14: Naturally, a child had better respect his parents.
=> It is natural that_______________________________________________
Question 15: He needs to come to the interview early.
=> It is necessary that_____________________________________________
Question 16: She must find it important to take two medicines every day.
=> It is important that_____________________________________________
Question 17: It is too late. He must go home.
=> It’s high time he_______________________________________________
Question 18: Every student must wear uniform. It is obligatory.
=> It is obligatory that_____________________________________________
Question 19: They recommended her to go to the best doctor in town.
=> They recommended that she______________________________________
Question 20: The man demanded to be told everything about the accident.
=> The man demanded that everything________________________________
Question 21: Her GP advised her to do more exercise.
=> Her GP suggested_____________________________________________
Question 22: The Prime Minister was asked very forcefully to consider resigning.
=> They demand_________________________________________________
Question 23: If I were her, I would look for a job that is not so stressful.
=> I recommend__________________________________________________
Question 24: She asked him to fix the computer.
=> She requested__________________________________________________
Question 25: Sandra wanted the post office to hold onto her mail.
=> Sandra asked__________________________________________________
Question 26: The judge told the lawyer to be quiet.
=> The judge insisted_______________________________________________
Question 27: My supervisor said it would be a good idea for me to accept this new position.
=> My supervisor suggested_________________________________________
Question 28: I have always regretted not having studied harder at school.
=> I have always wished_________________________________________
Question 29: "Give me a refund," John told the clerk.
=> John demanded________________________________________________
Question 30: "Could you help me move some boxes," Tom asked me.
=> Tom asked____________________________________________________

Exercise 4: Give the correct forms of the verbs in the blankets.

Question 1: Some managers require that the secretary (be)______responsible for writing all reports as
well as for balancing the books.
Question 2: It is essential that cancer (diagnose)______and treated as early as possible in order to
assure a successful cure.
Question 3: It was suggested that Oscar (study)______the material more carefully before attempting
to pass the exam.
Question 4: It is imperative that a graduate student (maintain)______a grade point average of “B” in
his major field.
Question 5: It is necessary that one (meet)______with a judge before signing the final documents for
a divorce.
Question 6: I bet she wishes that she never (get)______involved in the whole mess.
Question 7: I'd rather you (not say)______anything to John about this conversation.
Question 8: I would rather you (not get)______to school so late last Tuesday.
Question 9: I wish Paul worked as hard as Mary (do)______.
Question 10: John left without a word. If only he (say)______something.
Question 11: It has been raining for days now. I wish it (stop)______soon.
Question 12: Frankness is a great thing, but I'd rather you (not repeat)______to Miss White what I
think about her.
Question 13: I left my office at four because I was sure Mr. Andrews wouldn't come. Now I wish I
(wait)______for him.
Question 14: I'm afraid very few people know about the concert and almost no one will come. If only
the posters (hang)______on time.
Question 15: Jack, the security guard at the factory, wishes the robbery (not occur) ______on his
shift.
Question 16: The fans proposed that they (stand)______there when G-Dragon gets off the plane.
Question 17: It is recommended the candidate (take)______as many IELTS mock tests as possible
before going for the real exam, which costs nearly $250.
Question 18: The board of executives requested every employee (come)______to the meeting this
weekend.
Question 19: We suggested that you (admit)______to the organization.
Question 20: It is imperative that you (be)______ready when the car comes for you.
Question 21: Olga recommends that his brother (not take)______the job without reading the work
contract thoroughly.
Question 22: I wish I (be)______able to accept that role, but I was preparing for another play at the
time.
Question 23: What a pity I was away! If only the fax (reach)______me an hour earlier.
Question 24: The situation was a little embarrassing when Mary served roast beef for dinner. I wish I
(tell)______her that Nick was a vegetarian.
Question 25: If only we (know)______about this service before!
Question 26: I'd rather you (tell)______me the truth now.
Question 27: I'd rather you (buy)______the tickets before they are all sold out.
Question 28: I wish I (have)______time to see more exhibitions.
Question 29: I'm really sleepy today. I wish I (not have to take)______Bob to the airport late last
night.
Question 30: I'd rather you (not be)______absent from the meeting yesterday. Things might have
been different.
Question 31: Frankly, I'd rather you (not do)______anything about it for the time being.
Question 32: Tom has never been to Madrid, but he talks as if he (be)______there himself.
Question 33: I didn't see anyone but I felt as though I (watch)______.
Question 34: The children sing loudly as if they (be)______the winners.
Question 35: You talk as though it (be)______a small thing to leave your country forever.
Question 36: Everybody feels sorry for him and says that if only he (spend)______ more time
revising.
Question 37: He looks as though he (never get)______a square meal in his life, but in fact his wife
feeds him very well.
Question 38: If only he (tell)______us the truth in the first place, things wouldn't have gone so
wrong.
Question 39: It is high time for us (think)______about choosing a place to settle down.
Question 40: The doctor advised that the man (transfer)______to a private room.

READING: Voices of India

WRITING
Name: _____________________________________ Date: ________________
ACTIVE – PASSIVE VOICE
(Câu chủ động – Câu bị động)
A. FORM
PHÂN BIỆT NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ NỘI ĐỘNG TỪ
Ngoại động từ (Transitive Verb) Nội động từ (Intransitive Verb)
Ngoại động từ diễn tả hành động tác động trực Nội động từ diễn tả hành động dừng lại với người
tiếp lên người hoặc vật, nó luôn được theo sau bởi nói hay người thực hiện nó. Nội động từ không cần
một tân ngữ. Nếu thiếu tân ngữ, câu sẽ không
hoàn chỉnh. có tân ngữ trực tiếp đi kèm theo. Nếu có tân ngữ thì
phải có giới từ đi trước; tân ngữ này được gọi là tân
Ví dụ: He bought a bunch of flowers.
ngữ của giới từ (prepositional object), không phải là
(Anh ta mua một bó hoa.) tân ngữ trực tiếp.
Ví dụ: He has just left. (Anh ta vừa đi rồi.)
We were at home last night. (Chúng tôi ở nhà tối qua.)
Ngoại động từ có dạng: Nội động từ có dạng:
S+V+O… S+V+…

CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Chủ động: S + V(chủ động) + O

Bị động: S + be PII + by O
Note:
- “by O” (đứng ở cuối câu bị động hoặc đứng trước trạng từ thời gian)
- Bắt buộc bỏ “by people/ by someone/ by somebody/ by no one/ by nobody”
- Có thể bỏ “by me/ by you/ by them/ by us/ by him/ by her”

BẢNG CHIA CHỦ ĐỘNG – BỊ ĐỘNG

TENSES ACTIVE VOICES PASSIVE VOICES
1. Present simple tense S + V(bare)/ V(s/es) S + am/is/are + Vp2
(hiện tại đơn)
2. Past simple tense S + Ved/ V(cột2) S + was/were + Vp2
(quá khứ đơn)
3. Simple future tense S + will + V(bare) S + will + be + Vp2
(tương lai đơn)

4. Present continuous tense S + am/is/are + V-ing S + am/is/are + being + Vp2

(hiện tại tiếp diễn)
5. Past continuous tense
(quá khứ tiếp diễn)
6. Present perfect tense
(hiện tại hoàn thành)
7. Past perfect tense
(quá khứ hoàn thành)
8. Near future tense
(tương lai gần)
S + was/were + V-ing
S + have/has + Vp2
S + had + Vp2
S + am/is/are + going to + V(bare)
S + was/were + being + Vp2
S + have/has + been + Vp2
S + had + been + Vp2
S + am/is/are + going to + be +
Vp2

9. Modal verbs S + modal verbs + V(bare) S + modal verbs + be + Vp2

(động từ khuyết thiếu)

BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT

Các dạng Công thức Ví dụ
S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + … People believe that 13 is an
→ It + V1(bị động) + that + S2 + V2+ ... unlucky number.
Với các động từ → S2 + V1(bị động) + to + V2(bare) → It is believed that 13 is an
chỉ quan điểm, unlucky number.
(nếu V2 và V1 cùng thì) → 13 is believed to be an
ý kiến:
+ to have + V2(p2) unlucky number.
(nếu V2 và V1 khác thì)
Câu chủ động: S + V + O + V(bare) I saw him pass my house.
→ He was seen to pass my
Với động từ Câu bị động: S + be + Vp2 + to + V(bare) house.
chỉ giác quan Câu chủ động: S + V + O + V-ing I saw him passing my house.
→ He was seen passing my
house.
Câu bị động: → S + be + Vp2 + V -ing
Câu chủ động: S + make + O + V(bare) The teacher made us do all the
homework.
MAKE
→ We were made to do all the
Câu bị động: S + be + made + to + V(bare)
homework by the teacher.
Câu chủ động: S + let + O + V(bare) My parents don't let us go out
LET at night.
→ We are not allowed/
Câu bđ: S + be + allowed/permitted + to+ V(bare) permitted to go out at night.
Cấu trúc 1: S + V + to V + O They began to plant rubber
trees long ago.
Câu chủ động: S + V + to V + O
Động từ theo → Rubber trees began to be
sau là “to V” planted long ago.
Câu bị động: S + V + to be + V(p2)
He expected his family to pick
Cấu trúc 2: S + V + O1 + to V + O2 him up at the airport.
 Nếu S = O2 thì ta có công thức sau:
Câu chủ động: S + V + O1+ to V + O2
Câu bị động: S + V + to be + V(p2) + by O1
Nếu S ≠ O2 thì ta có công thức sau:
Câu chủ động: S + V + O1+ to V + O2
Câu bđ: S + V + O2 + to be +V(p2) + by O1
Nếu S = O2 thì ta có công thức sau:
Câu chủ động: S + V + O1+ V-ing + O2
Động từ theo Câu bị động: S + V + being + V(p2) + by O1
sau là “V-ing” Nếu S ≠ O2 thì ta có công thức sau:
Câu chủ động: S + V + O1+ V-ing + O2
Câu bđ: S + V + O2 + being + V(p2) + by O1
Dạng chủ động: S + have + sb + V(bare)
or: S + get + sb + to V(bare)
Dạng bị động: S + have/get + st + V(p2)
Thể nhờ bảo
Thể khẳng định: V + O
S + should/must + be + V(p2)
Let + O + be + V(p2)
Câu mệnh lệnh
Thể phủ định: Don’t V + O
S + should/must + not + be + V(p2)
Don’t Let + O + be + V(p2)
Câu chủ động: It's + one's duty + to V
Với cấu trúc
câu “It’s one’s
Câu bị động: S + be + supposed + to V
duty to V”
→ He expected to be picked
up at the airport by his family.
He expected someone to repair
his computer.
→ He expected his
computer to be repaired.
He likes people speaking well
of him.
→ He likes being spoken well
of.
He hates non-professional
people criticizing his work.
→ He hates his work being
criticized by non-professional
people.
The painter finished my father's
portrait yesterday.
→ My father had the painter
finish his portrait yesterday.
→ My father had his portrait
finished by the painter
yesterday.
Turn off the lights before you
go to bed.
→ The lights must/ should
be turned off before you go
to bed.
Write your name on the top
of this paper.
→ Let your name be written
on the top of this paper.
It's everyone's duty to keep
the environment clean.
→ Everyone is supposed to
keep the environment dean.
 Với cấu trúc Câu chủ động: It + is/was + (im)possible + to V + O It is possible to type the
câu “It’s letter now.
(im)possible Câu bị động: → S + can/could + (not) + be + V(p2) → The letter can be typed now.
to V”

Các động từ: suggest, require, request, order, He suggested that we

demand, insist (on), recommend. organize a warm party.
Với 7 động từ Câu chủ động: → It was suggested that a
đặc biệt S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require... + that + S warm party should be
(Thức giả + V(bare) + O
organized.
định) Câu bị động:
It + (be) + suggested/ recommended/ ordered/
required... + that + O + should + be + Vp2

Câu chủ động: Sb + need + to V She needs to type the report

NEED → The report needs typing/to
Câu bị động: St + need + V-ing
be typed.
= St + need + to be + Vp2

Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verb given in each following blank.
Question 1: The problem (already/ discuss) had already been discussed by the board of directors
when it was proposed again.
Question 2: The building (build) has been built on waste land near the town since 2017 by
contractors.
Question 3: Billions of dollars (spend) was spent on cancer research by the government last year.
Question 4: References (not use) aren’t used / musn’t used in the exam rooms.
Question 5: Ted (bite) was bitten by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
Question 6: The meeting (hold) will be held /is going to be held/ is being held in this hall tomorrow.
Question 7: This house and these cars (paint) are going to be painted / will be painted for
Christmas tonight by the Greens.
Question 8: I suggested the room (decorate) be decorated before your mother’s birthday.
Question 9: There (say) are said to be / were said/ are said a number of reasons for the falloff of the
Roman Empire.
Question 10: When the old school friends met, a lot of happy memories (bring) were brought /
would be brought back.
IMPERSONAL PASSIVE
(Câu bị động khách quan)
Eg: People say that Ha Long Bay is amazing.
S V O
-> It is said that Ha Long Bay is amazing.
I. Usage
- Cấu trúc It + be + said that là dạng câu tường thuật thường sử dụng để đưa tin về một vấn đề nào đó
dưới dạng câu bị động (không rõ người nói)
II. Structure
Trong câu chủ động: S1 + say + that + S2 + V2 + …
Trong câu bị động: It is said that + S2 + V2 + …
*Notes:
– Khi chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động cần chú ý động từ “say” chia ở thì nào thì chia động từ
Tobe của cấu trúc It + be + said that ở thì động từ đó.
– Ngoài động từ tường thuật say, các động từ think (nghĩ), believe (tin tưởng), suppose (cho là),
report (báo cáo, tường thuật), expect (mong đợi), know (biết), consider (xem xét), rumor (đồn
đại)… cũng được dùng trong câu tường thuật. Khi đó, từ said trong cấu trúc It is said that sẽ được
thay thế bằng các từ thought, believed, supposed, reported, expected, known, considered, rumored.
III. Advanced structure
Trong câu chủ động: S1 + say + that + S2 + V2 + …
➔ S2 + be + said + to V2 nguyên… (Khi V2 cùng thì với “say”)
➔ S2 + be + said + to have PII… (Khi V2 hoàn thành trước “say”)
Eg: - People say that her grandfather is 100 years old.
→ Her grandfather is said to be 100 years old.
- People say that our teacher has got married.
→ Our teacher is said to have got married.
Ex 2: Rewrite the sentences
1. People say that his family has a lot of money in his house.
→ His family ____________________________________________________________.
2. People say that the train leaves at 12 a.m.
→ The train _____________________________________________________________.
3. People say that Wind passed the exam last week.
→ Wind ________________________________________________________________.
4. People said that his family had a lot of money in his house.
→ His family ____________________________________________________________.
5 They think that the train left at 12 a.m.
→ The train _____________________________________________________________.
6. She rumoured that Wind passed the exam last week.
→ Wind ________________________________________________________________.
7. People believe that we will eat Korea’s food for 2 months.
→ We __________________________________________________________________.

CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ CHỈ GIÁC QUAN

I. Động từ chỉ giác quan: see, hear, watch…
Eg: I saw him pass my house.
I saw him passing my house.
See/ hear/ watch smb Vnguyên : nhìn thấy/ nghe thấy/ xem ai làm gì (toàn bộ hành động)
V-ing (1 phần hành động)
II. Bị động với động từ chỉ giác quan
S + be + seen/ heard / watched + to Vnguyên
 V-ing

VOCABULARY: Pets
- boundary (n) : biên/ ranh giới
- assert (v) :quả quyết
assertive (adj): tự tin về
- reprimand (v) : trách phạt
- far-fetched (adj): không tự nhiên
- companion (n) : bạn đồng hành
______________________________________________________________________________
Sunday, January 16th, 2022
Passive Voice (Cont)
HAVE SOMETHING DONE
* Câu nhờ vả (The causative)
Active: have smb Vnguyên + O: nhờ ai làm gì
get smb to V
Eg: I have my father fix my bike.
I get my father to fix my bike.
Passive: have/get smt PII by smb: có cái gì được …
Eg: I have/ get my bike fixed by my father.

Rewrite the following sentences:

1. My teacher had me mark the test paper.
-> My teacher had the test paper marked.
2. He gets someone to cut his hair.
-> He gets his hair cut.
3. He is getting them mend the windows.
-> He is getting the windows mended
4. Are they going to have the kitchen painted by you?
-> Are they going to have you paint the kitchen?
5. We usually get our room redecorated by an interior designer every two
years.
-> We usually get an interior designer to redecorate our room every two
years
-> We usually have an interior designer redecorate our room every two
years

Ex 2: Rewrite the sentences

1. People say that his family has a lot of money in his house.
→ It is said that __________________________________________________________________
2. People said that the train leaves at 12 a.m.
→ It was said that ________________________________________________________________
3. People say that Wind passed the exam last week.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
4. People said that his family had a lot of money in his house.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
5. They think that the train left at 12 a.m.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
6. She rumoured that Wind passed the exam last week.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
7. People believe that we will eat Korea’s food for 2 months.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________
* Homework: Rewrite these sentences in passive voice.
1. We have already told Mary about our change in plans.
→ Mary_________________________________________________________________________
2. They didn’t explain anything about that.
→ Nothing_______________________________________________________________________
3. People should send their complaints to the head office.
→ Their complaints________________________________________________________________
4. The teacher gave us two very difficult exercises last week.
→ Two very difficult_______________________________________________________________
5. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.
→ He____________________________________________________________________________
6. We will send you the results as soon as they are ready.
→You will________________________________________________________________________
7. People say that Mary started a business last year.
→ It is ___________________________________________________________________________
8. They believe that God does exist and he can do everything.
→ It _____________________________________________________________________________
9. People thought that you didn’t live here anymore.
→ It was__________________________________________________________________________
10. Everyone has rumoured that they had an affair.
→ It _____________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verb given in each following blank.
Khiêm Question 11: The bank is reported in the local newspaper (rob) was robbed / to have been
robbed in broad daylight yesterday.
Local newspaper reports that the bank was robbed in broad daylight yesterday.
It is reported that the bank was robbed in broad daylight yesterday.
The bank is reported to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.
Dương Question 12: The company’s travel budget (reduce) has been reduced substantially for the
last two years.
Vinh Question 13: Understandably, her friends (surprise) were being surpised/ were surprised
when Julia married someone else after being engaged to John for two years.
Thư Question 14: He is currently (consider) considered to be the best British athlete.
Trâm Question 15: The facsimile (send) will be sent/ is sent when the secretary returns from lunch.
Hoàng Question 16: By the time I came here, all the better jobs (take) had been taken.
Dũng Question 17: I don’t remember (tell) being told of the decision to change the company policy
on vacations.
Remember to V: nhớ phải làm gì
Remember V-ing: nhớ đã làm gì
L Thảo Question 18: It was announced that neither the passengers nor the driver (injure) was
injured in the crash.
Thắng Question 19: A buried treasure (believe) is/was/ has been believed to have been hidden in the
tomb.
Linh Question 20: The third team had the mission successfully (complete) to complete/ completed
before the set time limit.
Trúc Question 21: Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to (be) have been
destroyed.
People say that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world was destroyed.
It is said that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world was destroyed.
Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to have been destroyed
Mai Question 22: Public buildings throughout the country will soon (implement) be implemented a
no-smoking policy.
Nguyệt Anh Question 23: According to a new policy, overnight camping in all national parks is no
longer (permit) permitted.
Chi Question 24: The first question must (answer) be answered before you attempt the others.
Duy Anh Question 25: The products damaged during shipment or packaging should (replace) be
replaced immediately.
Chi Question 26: I was born and grew up in the house (destroy)___ destroyed___in an earthquake
10 years ago.
Linh Question 27: Because of a mechanical problem, the replacement parts could not (ship)__be
shipped___by tomorrow.
Nguyệt Question 28: The rumors go that Jack will be arrested. He is said (take) ___to take / to have
taken__ part in a bloody robbery.
Thắng Question 29: He would have studied medicine if he (admit)____had been admitted___to a
medical school.
Dương Question 30: Everyone likes (congratulate)___being/ to be congratulated___when they
have got some success.
HoàngQuestion 31: The living conditions in the rural areas of the country (improve)___have been
improved___ during the past 5 years.
Vy Question 32: Unless we can find new sources of energy, our life will be certainly
(affect)___affected___.
H. Thảo Question 33: There is said (be)__to be___a secret tunnel between those two houses.
Mai Question 34: He is said to (be)_____have been____playing football since he was 5.
Vinh Question 35: The train (suppose)___was supposed/ had been supposed/ is supposed___to
arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late.
Thư Question 36: I don't understand why the students didn't keep silent while the speech
(make)__was being made__.
Trúc Question 37: I apologized for the mistakes (make)___made ___by my team. There appears to
(be)__have been____a slight misunderstanding.
Duy AnhQuestion 38: When (ask)___(being) asked ___about the price of her ring, she refused to
answer.
Khiêm Question 39: I must get my mother (clean)__to clean__my suit before the interview.
Bình Question 40: No-one seems to (predict)__have predicted/ predict__the correct result.

Exercise 3: Rewrite these sentences in passive voice.

Question 1: He must pay the bills before the fifth of the month.
→ The bills must be paid before the fifth of the month.
Question 2: No one has opened that box for the past hundred years.
→ That box hasn’t been opened for the past hundred years.
Question 3: The boy screamed while the dentist was pulling out one of his teeth.
→ The boy screamed while he was having his teeth pulled out by the dentist.
→ The boy screamed while one of his teeth was being pulled out by the dentist.
Question 4: The fire has destroyed many houses.
→ Many houses have been destroyed by the fire.
Nguyệt Anh
Question 5: The children are carrying the chairs into the house.
→ The chairs are being carried into the house by the children
Question 6: They awarded him the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1946.
→ He was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1946.
Question 7: We saw him leave the office at 6 o’clock this morning.
→ He was seen to leave the office at 6 o’clock this morning.
Question 8: My parents didn’t let me go to school this morning because I was ill.
→ I wasn’t allowed to go to school this morning because I was ill.
Question 9: You ought to water these plants once a week.
→ These plants should/ ought to be watered once a week.
Question 10: People saw her driving a car near the bridge.
→ She was seen driving a car near the bridge.
Question 11: People thought that he had boarded the plane in New York.
→ It was thought that he had boarded the plane in New York
→ He was thought to have boarded the plane in New York.
Question 12: They believe that all children are born with equal intelligence.
→ It is believed that all children are born with equal intelligence.
→ Children are believed to be born with equal intelligence.
Question 13: My parents made me change my minds but I didn’t.
→ I was made to change my minds but I didn’t.
Question 14: She made me tell the truth.
→ I was made to tell the truth.
Question 15: Why didn’t you report the accident sooner?
→ Why wasn’t the accident reported sooner
Question 16: Mary let us use her car yesterday.
→ We were allowed to use her car yesterday.
Question 17: I could hear someone crying in the next room.
→ Someone could be heard crying in the next room.
Question 18: I watched people walking past.
→ People were watched walking past.
Question 19: Jack saw the car drive up outside the police station.
→ The car was seen to drive up outside the police station.
Question 20: We overheard them say that they didn't really like the food.
→ They were overheard to say that they didn't really like the food.
Question 21: I expect you to find your money somewhere in your bedroom.
→ I expect your money to be found somewhere in your bedroom.
Question 22: We want people to obey traffic rules.
→ We want traffic rules to be obeyed.
Question 23: She wishes her husband to compliment her on her new dress.
→ She wishes to be compliment on her new dress by her husband.
Question 24: She wished her parents to allow her to go camping with her classmates.
→ She wished to be allowed to go camping with her classmates by her parents.
Question 25: Do you want me to take you to the airport?
→ Do you want to be taken to the airport?
Question 26: Jane has just begun learning English for 2 weeks.
→ English has just begun being learnt by Jane for 2 weeks.
Question 27: People continue to use Facebook as a main way of socializing.
→ Facebook continues to be used as a main way of socializing.
Question 28: I don’t like the children making fun of this cat.
→ I don’t like this cat (being) made fun of by the children.
Question 29: I hate people calling me through FaceTime.
→ I hate being called through FaceTime.
Question 30: Famous film stars are often afraid that people can recognize them in public places.
→ Famous film stars are often afraid of being recognized in public places.
→ Famous film stars are often afraid that they can be recognized in public places.
Question 31: We have had the teacher correct our test. (have smb do smt -> have smt done)
→ We have had our test corrected by the teacher.
Question 32: They are going to employ someone to repair the roof.
→ They are going to have the roof repaired (by employing someone).
→ Someone is going to be employed to repair the roof.
Question 33: We employed a market researcher to find out what people really want
from a cable TV system.
→ We got a market researcher to find out what people really want from a cable TV system.
→ We got what people really want from a cable TV system found out by a market researcher.
Question 34: She had a tailor shorten her dress. (have smb do smt -> have/ get smt done)
→ She got her dress shortened by a tailor.
Question 35: It is impossible to grow roses in this poor soil.
→ Rose can’t be grown in this poor soil.
Question 36: It was impossible to hand in the paper in time because Jane was ill.
→ The paper could not be handed in the time because Jane was ill.
Question 37: It’s your duty to type the report before the meeting.
→ You are supposed to type the report before the meeting.
Question 38: It’s everyone’s duty to collect the litter in public areas.
→ Everyone is supposed to collect the litter public areas.
Question 39: You need to write a thank-you letter when you come home.
→ A thank - you letter need writting/to be written when you came home.
Question 40: I suggested putting the matter to the committee.
→ I suggested that the matter should be put to the committee.
Question 41: They told that you were the best architect in this city.
→ You were told to be the best architect in this city.
Question 42: She supposes that the flowers were killed by frost.
→ The flowers were supposed to be killed by frost.
Question 43: Why didn’t you tell me about the changes of the schedule?
→ Why weren’t the changes of the schedule told to me?
→ Why wasn’t I told about the changes of schedule?
Question 44: Some people inform that the director is going to take a business trip to England.
→ The director is informed to take a business trip to England.
Question 45: They promise that the performance will start on time.
→ The performance is promised to start on time.
Question 46: He recommends that we should stay at the city center.
→ It is recommended that we should stay at the city center
Question 47: We believed that Alice would pass the driving test.
→ It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test
Question 48: The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month.
→ All the workers are notified that they will have to work extra hard this month by the director.
Question 49: How many trees have they cut down to build that fences?
→ How many trees have been cut down to build that fences?
Question 50: I had my nephew paint the gate last week.
→ I had the gate painted by my nephew last week
Question 51: She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.
→ She will have her car washed by Peter tommorrow.
Question 52: They have her tell the story again.
→ They have the story told again by her.
Question 53: John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
→ John gets his shirt cleaned by his sister.
Question 54: Anne had had a friend type her composition. (have smb do -> have smt done)
→ Anne had had her composition typed by a friend.
Question 55: It was impossible to persuade him to join with us.
→ He couldn’t be persuaded to join with us.
Question 56: It’s everyone’s duty to take part in the campaign to plant trees in spring.
→ Everyone is supposed to take part in the campaign to plant trees in spring.
Question 57: I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
→ I will get a new dress made by the dressmaker.
Question 58: He had a mechanic repair his car.
→ He had his car repaired by a mechanic.
Question 59: She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.
→ She often gets the heater maintained by the technician.
Question 60: They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
→ They got the shoplifter arrested by the police.
Question 61: Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
→ Are you going to have your shoes repaired by the shoemaker?
Question 62: I must have the dentist check my teeth.
→ I must have my teeth checked by the dentist.
Question 63: She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.
→ She will have her dog examined by veterinary surgeon.
Question 64: We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.
→ We had this photograph taken by a man when we were on holiday last summer.
Question 65: The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet.
→ The Greens had their carpet cleaned by a carpet cleaner.
Question 66: The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
→ All the workers were being instructed of the plant by the chief engineer.
Question 67: Will they hold the ceremony at the square next week?
→ Will the ceremony be held at the square next week?
Question 68: He saw the robber pointing the gun to the bank manager.
→ The robber was seen pointing the gun to the bank manager.
Question 69: He wishes the director to consider him for this position.
→ He wishes to be considered for this position by the director.
Question 70: Don’t open the gifts in front of the givers because it seems to be impolite.
S shouldn’t/mustn’t be P.P./ Don’t let smt be P.P
→ The gifts shouldn’t be opened in front of the givers because it seems to be impolite.
→ Don’t let the gift be opened in front of the givers because it seems to be impolite.
Question 71: They have decided to sell the house
→ They have decided that the house should be sold.
Question 72: Someone saw him pick up a stone and throw it at the riot police.
→ He was seen to pick up a stone and throw it at the riot police.
Question 73: I want you to repair the car now. (have/get smt P.P)
→ I want the car to be repaired by you now.
Question 74: I’d like someone to take me to the Opera House.
→ I’d like to be taken to the Opera House.
Question 75: They were doing a physical experiment when I was there.
→ A physical experiment was being done when I was there.
Question 76: Nobody told me that they had discharged John from hospital.
→ I wasn’t told that they had discharged John from hospital.
→ I wasn’t told that John had been disscharged from hospital.
Question 77: They had taken the victim to hospital before the police came.
→ The victim had been taken to hospital before the police came.
Question 78: By the time you come back, they will have finished the project.
→ By the time you come back, the project will have been finished.
Question 79: By the time you come back here in 5 years' time, they will have knocked down those
houses.
→ Those houses will have been knocked down by the time you come back here in 5 years’ time.
Question 80: We get him to look after our house when we are on business.
→ We get our house looked after by him when we are on business.
Question 81: They say that many people are homeless after the tsunami.
→ Many people is said to be homeless after the tsunami.
Question 82: They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
→ The prisoner is thought to have hescaped by climbing over the wall.
Question 83: They believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window.
→ The thieves are believed to have got in ….
Question 84: They report that over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami.
→ Over 200,000 are reported to have been killed in the tsunami.
Question 85: We found that they had cancelled the soccer match.
→ We found that the______________________________________________
Question 86: Who wrote the report on the air pollution?
→ By whom was the report on the air pollution written?
Question 87: My sister has just swept the floor and washed the dishes.
→ The floor has just been swept and the dishes has been washed.
→ The floor and the dishes have just been swept and washed respectively.
Question 88: I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
→ I didn't realize that our__________________________________________
Question 89: They are building a new highway around the city.
→ A new highway_______________________________________________
Question 90: The restaurant serves seafood every Monday.
→ Seafood____________________________________________________

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer of each question below.

Question 1: Most forests in other climatic areas______by human beings.
A. have already been affected B. have already affected
C. have already been affecting D. had already been affected
Question 2: The application form______to the university before May 31st.
A. must send B. sent C. must be sending D. must be sent
Question3: "What a beautiful shirt you're wearing!” "Thank you. It______especially for me by my
mother."
A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made
Question 4: Once ______ in large quantities, these products will be more affordably priced.
A. are produced B. having produced C. produced D. producing
Question 5: Jane would never forget______first prize in such a prestigious competition.
A. to be awarded B. being awarded C. to have awarded D. having awarded
Question 6: When______about their preferences for movies, many young people say that they are in
favor of science fiction.
A. having asked B. asking C. asked D. are asked
Question 7: The old woman still recalls clearly______by her teacher when she was late on her first
day at school.
A. to be criticized B. to have criticized C. being criticized D. criticizing
Question 8: One man______outside his own country is tipped to become the new President.
A. little knowing B. to know little C. little known D. to be little known
Question 9: When______the 2018 Oscar for the best Actor in a Supporting Role, Sam Rockwell
thanked his mom and dad for inspiring him with the love for movies.
 A. was awarded B. having awarded C. awarding D. awarded
Question 10: When______about the theft, the suspect said that he had taken no part in it.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. was questioning
Question 11:______with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. When compared B. On comparing C. Having compared D. To compare
Question 12: Orphan elephants need______the same companionship as they______from their
mothers in the wild.
A. to be given - would have received B. to have given - had received
C. to have been given - would receive D. being given - are receiving
Question 13: The mountaineers who had been trapped by the avalanche were very lucky______by
the rescue team within an hour.
A. to have found B. having been found C. to have been found D. being found
Question 14: Authorities should warn people against______hazardous foods containing additives.
Still better, perhaps, they shouldn’t allow such products______in the first place.
A. to be using - produced B. having used - to produce
C. using - to be produced D. being used - being produced
Question 15: Naturally, she seems quite content______first prize in last week’s art competition.
A. to have been awarded B. being awarded
C. to have awarded D. having been awarding
Question 16: The power failure resulted in many of the underground trains______ for up to one hour.
A. to delay B. to have delayed C. to be delayed D. being delayed
Question 17: She appears______deeply by what I said to her yesterday, because she’s been avoiding
me all day today.
A. to have been offended B. to be offended
C. having been offended D. having offended
Question 18: We had the printer______but they couldn’t work out what the problem was; they said it
was just too old a model.
A. to be serviced B. having serviced C. serviced D. to service
Question 19: My sister______her laptop serviced last weekend.
A. did B. got C. made D. took
Question 20: You should______a professional to check your house for earthquake damage.
A. have B. get C. make D. take
Question 21: We______a cable TV put in this week.
A. are having B. get C. have D. have got
Question 22: The dishwasher isn't working again, so my mother is thinking of
having______.
A. it repaired B. it repairing C. repaired it D. repairing it
Question 23: We______while we were on holiday.
A. had our alarm system stolen B. had stolen our alarm system
C. got stolen our alarm system D. were stolen our alarm system
Question 24: The A.I. expert wanted to have his assistant______the newly made robot.
A. activate B. activated C. activating D. to activate
Question 25: I spoke to Victor last night and he said he______while he was on holiday.
A. got stolen his phone B. had his phone stolen
C. had stolen his phone D. was got his phone stolen
Question 26: The patient______ his blood tested to find out the cause of his breakdown.
A. asked B. had C. ordered D. took
Question 27: We ______ that my father's new car______by Friday. He has promised to give his old
one to me and I want to drive to York in it at the weekend.
A. expect - will have been delivered B. are expected - will be delivering
C. have been expecting - is delivering D. are expecting - will have delivered
Question 28: I wish my father had bought me a new mobile phone instead of having it______like
that.
A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. being repaired
Question 29: We are going to______next June, or else they will be expired.
A. get our passports renewed B. get to renew our passports
C. have had our passports renewed D. have our passports to renew
Question 30: It______that half of your plate should consist of vegetables and fruits.
A. is suggested B. is suggesting C. suggesting D. suggests
Question 31: Foods______into energy in the digestive system.
A. are broke down and converted B. are broken down and converted
C. break down and convert D. broken down and converted
Question 32: Stephen William Hawking______on 8th January, 1942 in Oxford, England.
A. bom B. has bom C. is bom D. was bom
Question 33:______by your father?
A. Did that book write B. Did that book written
C. Was that book writing D. Was that book written
Question 34: Acupuncture is part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and______
in China for thousands of years.
A. has been used B. has using C. has used D. has been using
Question 35: Mr. Snow______that course since 1985.
A. hasn’t taught B. haven’t taught C. have been taught D. taught
Question 36: The acupuncturist decides which and how many needles will______.
A. be use B. be used C. use D. used
Question 37: The teacher______the student for lying.
A. was punished B. is punished C. punished D. has been punished
Question 38: As the patient could not walk, he______home in a wheel chair.
A. has carried B. was carrying C. was carried D. has been carried
Question 39: The injured______to the hospital in an ambulance.
A. have taken B. was taking C. were taken D. were taking
Question 40: It______that the painting is a fake.
A. believed B. is believed C. is believing D. was believing
Question 41: Most studies______that acupuncture does not reduce nausea and
vomiting caused by radiation therapy.
A. are shown B. were shown C. have shown D. have been shown
Question 42: Acupuncture may not______if you have low white blood cell counts or low platelet
counts.
A. recommend B. recommended C. is recommended D. be recommended
Question 43: Many American automobiles______in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
Question 44: “When______?” - “In 1928.”
A. penicillin was invented B. did penicillin invented
C. was penicillin invented D. did penicillin invent
Question 45: In recent years, the government has imposed pollution controls on automobile
manufacturers. Both domestic and imported automobiles must ______ anti-pollution devices.
A. equip with B. be equipped with C. equip by D. be equipped by
Question 46: The first draft resolution______yesterday; it______long before the beginning of the
meeting.
A. has not been discussed - had been withdrawn
B. was not discussed - has been withdrawn
C. was not discussed - had been withdrawn
D. had not been discussed - was withdrawn
Question 47: A new underground line______now. They say one of its stations______in my street.
A. is constructed - will be built B. is being constructed - has been built
C. is being constructed - will be built D. will be constructed - to be built
Question 48: Do you believe that such a problem can______?
A. solve B. be solving C. is solved D. be solved
Question 49: On September 9th 1850, California______to the United States as the thirty-first state.
A. has been admitted B. is admitted C. was admitted D. admitted
Question 50: The child's arm was swollen because he______by a bee.
A. stung B. had stung C. had been stung D. had being stung
Question 51: Today many serious childhood diseases______by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
Question 52: If you want to develop inner tranquility, you have to stop______by every little thing
that happens.
A. bothering B. being bothered C. to bother D. to be bothered
Question 53: Richard really didn’t mind______by the party to celebrate his fortieth birthday although
he told his friends that they shouldn’t have done it.
A. surprising B. being surprised C. to surprise D. to be surprised
Question 54: Ann hoped______to join the private club. She could make important business contacts
there.
A. inviting B. being invited C. to invite D. to be invited
Question 55: The new students hope______in many of the school’s social activities.
A. including B. being included C. to include D. to be included
Question 56: Presidential______held every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in
November.
A. electing B. elections are C. is elected D. elected and
Question 57: The university______by private funds as well as by tuition income and grants.
A. supports B. is supporting C. is supported D. has supported
Question 58: The department store______by the Dickinson for many years.
A. has been run B. is run C. runs D. has run
Question 59: This is the first time I have seen this car. Where______?
A. did it make B. did it made C. was it make D. was it made
Question 60: Whole-gain food products______in most large supermarkets across the United States
and Canada.
A. now can purchase B. can now be purchased
C. now to purchase D. the purchase of which
Question 61: "What happened to the postman?" "He______to a new town to work.
A. has sent B. was send C. was sent D. sent
Question 62: He was advised______singing lessons.
A. take B. taken C. taking D. to take.
Question 63: Dynamite______by Alfred Bernard Nobel.
A. have been invented B. invented C. was invented D. was being invented
Question 64:______this work______before you went to Moscow?
A. Will/ have been done B. Has/ been done C. Will/ be done D. Had/ been done
Question 65: If______about it, will you be able to answer?
A. are asked B. ask C. will be asked D. asked
Question 66: Vitamin C______by the human body. It gets into the blood stream quickly.
A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily
Question 67: All bottles______before transportation.
A. frozen B. is frozen C. was frozen D. were frozen
Question 68: Everything that______remained a secret.
A. had be overheard B. had been overheard
C. had been overheared D. would had been overheard
Question 69: I______.
A. have not given the money B. have not been given the money
C. have not been give the money D. have not be given the money
Question 70: It______that learning English is easy.
A. are said B. said C. is said D. is sayed
Question 71: Peter and Tom______in an accident yesterday.
A. is hurt B. is hurted C. were hurt D. were hurted
Question 72: South Florida and Hawaii______by a hurricane.
A. is hit B. have been hit C. have are hit D. has been hit
Question 73: We can’t go along here because the road______.
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs
Question 74: The story I’ve just read______Agatha Christie.
A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by
Question 75: I’m going to go out and______
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut
Question 76: A lot of pesticide residue can______unwashed produce.
A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found
Question 77: Some film stars______difficult to work with.
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
Question 78: Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? - I don’t enjoy______at.
A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed
Question 79: The preparation______by the time the guest______
A. had been finished - arrived B. have finished - arrived
C. had finished - were arriving D. have been finished - were arrived
Question 80: There’s somebody behind us. I think we are______.
A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following
 Sunday, January 9th, 2022
Passive voice (Cont)
* Passive voice with 2 objects: Direct (trực tiếp) – Indirect
(gián tiếp)
Eg: - They gave an apple to him.
Direct object Indirect object
-> An apple was given to him.
- They gave him an apple.
-> He was given an apple.
* Double object verbs:
- send, give, read, sell, send, show, tell, write (smt to smb)
- cook, bring, buy, find, get, keep, make (smt for smb)
Ex 1: Change the following sentences into passive voice:
1. My mother cooked an omelette for my father.
My mother cooked my father an omelette.
-> An omelette was cooked for my father by my mother.
-> My father was cooked an omelette by my mother.
2. She writes him a letter every Monday.
She writes a letter to him every Monday.
-> He is written a letter by her every Monday.
-> A letter is written to him by her every Monday.
Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________
VERB PATTERNS
Eg: I like drinking/to drink bubble tea.
(Tôi thích uống trà sữa.)
1. Verbs + V-ing: việc đã làm, đang làm
Eg: She keeps talking about my dirty room.
2. Verbs + to V: việc chưa làm, cần làm, phải làm
Eg: I choose to become a doctor in the future.
3. Verbs + V-ing/ to V không thay đổi nhiều về nghĩa:
like, love, hate, prefer, start, begin, continue
* would like/ would prefer + to V
4. Verbs + V-ing/ to V (khác biệt về nghĩa)
- stop V-ing: dừng việc đang làm
to V: dừng lại (các việc đang làm) để làm gì
V1-ing to V2 : dừng lại việc (1) để làm việc (2)
Eg: The boy stopped ________ his grandma.
A. playing welcoming B. playing to welcome
C. to play welcoming D. to play to welcome
- remember / forget V-ing: nhớ/ quên về việc đã làm
To V: phải làm gì
Eg: I remember meeting her before but I don’t remember her name.
Remember to meet her before you leave.
- try V-ing/ N: thử làm gì
to V : cố làm gì
Eg: I would like to try this new dish.
- regret V-ing: hối hận vì đã làm gì
to V : cảm thấy tiếc khi phải làm gì
Eg: - I regret saying such bad words to you last night.
- I regret to announce that you have failed.
5. Sau giới từ + V-ing
Ex 1: Fill in the blanks with V-ing/ to V/ V form:
The government decided (pull) ________________ down the building as it was unsafe.
Everybody would like (travel) ________________ with low fees.
Before (enter) ________________ the room, you must (take) ________________ off your shoes.
He used (drive) ________________ in heavy traffic every day.
My best friend has planned (take) _____________ the entrance exam to Tran Phu High School.
Generally, Jack's uncle doesn't mind (do) ________________ the housework, but he hates to do the cooking.
My mother would prefer (buy) ________________ food at the food stall.
The class member felt very proud of (win) ________________ the gold medal.
She had better (ask) ________________ for my permission before entering my house.
I try my best (finish) ________________ that chapter of the story.
* HOMEWORK
Ex 2: Fill in the blanks with V-ing/ to V/ V form:
1. He wanted (see) _____________________the house where the president was born.
2. He is expected (arrive) _____________________in a few days.
3. I arranged (meet) _____________________them there.
4. I wish (see) _____________________the manager.
5. Don’t forget (lock) _____________________the door before going to bed.
6. He tried (explain) _____________but she refused (listen) ______________.
7. He decided (disguise) __________________ himself by dressing as a woman.
8. After walking three hours we stopped (rest) ____________ and let the others (catch) ____________ up with
us.
9. I regret (inform) _____________________you that your application has been refused.
10. Your windows need (clean) __________. Would you like me (do) ___________them for you?
Exercise 3: Rewrite each of the following sentences with gerund or present participle
1. Remember to phone me as soon as you come home.
→ Don’t _______________________________________________________________________
2. I wish I hadn’t told him the truth.
→ I regret ______________________________________________________________________
3. “I’ll come round and see him every day”, said she.
→ She promised _________________________________________________________________
4. I am looking forward to hearing from you.
→ I expect ______________________________________________________________________
5. You could sit by the window or outside on the terrace.
→ Would you prefer ______________________________________________________________
6. They went on smoking all through the meal
→ They didn't stop________________________________________________________________
7. I forgot to bring my wallet with me.
→ I didn't remember_______________________________________________________________
8. I could share my pizza with you, if you like.
→ I don't mind ____________________________________________________________________
9. She put all her effort into completing the assignment on time.
→ She tried ______________________________________________________________________
10. They argued all the morning about drugs.
→ They spent _____________________________________________________________________
Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
Sue plans study abroad next year according to her parent’s advice.
A. plans B. study C. according to D. advice
Don’t forget calling me as soon as you arrive here.
A. Don’t B. forget C. calling D. arrive
Lan should seriously to consider becoming a singer. She’s a great talent.
A. should B. to consider becoming C. a D. talent
The teacher doesn’t let her students to use their mobile phones in class.
A. The B. doesn’t let C. to use D. in
We hope having a chance to study together at the same university in the future.
A. having B. to study C. at D. the same
This story with tragic ending made me crying.
A. with B. ending C. made D. crying
After a two-hour discussion, we decided to expanding the car market in America.
A. two-hour B. decided C. to expanding D. market
Everyone in this company would like to promoted to a higher position.
A. Everyone B. would like C. to D. promoted
You’d better spend too much money on shopping or you won’t have any left.
A. spend B. on C. won’t D. left
I used to learn fixing electrical devices around my house when I was at high school.
A. used to B. fixing C. when D. at
 VERB PATTERNS (Cont)
I. TO INFINITIVE VERB (động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”)

Chức năng của động từ

nguyên mẫu có “to”

Trong
Làm chủ Làm tân Làm bổ
các cấu
ngữ ngữ ngữ
trúc

II. BARE INFINITIVE VERB (động từ nguyên mẫu không “to”)

Dùng sau các trợ động từ tình thái (model verbs)

Chức năng của Sau các động từ: let, make, help, see, hear, feel,
động từ nguyên watch, notice + TÂN NGỮ
mẫu không “to”
Sau các cụm động từ: had better, would rather,
had sooner và sau why hoặc why not

Những động từ theo sau bởi “to V”

STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Afford to do st có đủ khả năng làm gì
2 Agree to do st đồng ý làm gì
3 Arrange to do st sắp xếp làm gì
4 Appear to do st hóa ra là
5 Ask to do st yêu cầu làm gì
6 Attempt to do st nỗ lực làm gì
7 Care to do st quan tâm làm gì
8 Choose to do st chọn làm gì
9 Claim to do st thú nhận làm gì
10 Decide to do st quyết định làm gì
11 Demand to do st yêu cầu làm gì
12 Deserve to do st xứng đáng làm gì
13 Expect to do st mong muốn làm gì
14 Fail to do st thất bại làm gì
15 Happen to do st tình cờ làm gì
16 Hesitate to do st ngập ngừng làm gì
17 Hope to do st hy vọng làm gì
18 Intend to do st dự định làm gì
19 Learn to do st học làm gì
20 Manage to do st xoay xở làm gì
21 Offer to do st đề nghị làm gì
22 Plan to do st có kế hoạch làm gì
23 Prepare to do st chuẩn bị làm gì
24 Pretend to do st giả vờ làm gì
25 Promise to do st hứa làm gì
26 Propose to do st đề xuất làm gì
27 Refuse to do st từ chối làm gì
28 Seem to do st dường như làm gì
29 Swear to do st thề làm gì
30 Tend to do st có khuynh hướng làm gì
31 Threaten to do st dọa làm gì
32 Vow to do st thề làm gì
33 Wait to do st chờ làm gì
34 Want to do st muốn làm gì
35 Wish to do st ước mơ làm gì
36 Would like to do st muốn, thích làm gì
37 Yearn/desire to do st khát khao làm gì
38 Ask/tell sb to do st bảo ai đó làm gì
39 Assume sb to do st cho rằng ai đó làm gì
40 Beg sb to do st cãu xin ai làm gì
41 Believe sb to do st tin tưởng ai làm gì
42 Cause sb to do st khiến cho ai làm gì
43 Challenge sb to do st mời ai đó tham gia vào
44 Command sb to do st yêu cầu ai làm gì
45 Compel sb to do st bắt buộc ai làm gì
46 Consider sb to do st xem xét ai làm gì
47 Enable sb to do st làm cho ai có thể làm gì
48 Encourage sb to do st khuyến khích ai làm gì
49 Expect sb to do st mong đợi làm gì
50 Forbid sb to do st cấm ai làm gì
51 Force sb to do st ép ai đó làm gì
52 Get sb to do st bảo ai đó làm gì
53 Instruct sb to do st chỉ dẫn ai làm gì
54 Invite sb to do st mời ai đó làm gì
55 Order sb to do st ra lệnh cho ai làm gì
56 Prefer sb to do st muốn ai đó làm gì hơn
57 Persuade sb to do st thuyết phục ai làm gì
58 Remind sb to do st nhắc nhở ai làm gì
59 Request sb to do st đòi hỏi ai làm gì
60 Warn sb not to do st cảnh báo ai không làm gì
61 Teach sb to do st dạy ai làm gì
62 Urge sb to do st hối thúc ai làm gì
63 Tempt sb to do st xúi giục ai làm gì
64 Want sb to do st muốn ai đó làm gì
65 To/in order to/so as to + V để làm gì (chỉ mục đích)
66 It takes sb + time + to V ai đó tốn bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì
67 Be about to V = be going to V chuẩn bị làm gì
68 How/ when/ where/ what/ who/ whether + To V
69 Find it adj + to V thấy cái gì như thế nào để làm gì
The first/second/ third/..../last/ only đầu tiên/thứ hai/thứ ba,..../cuối cùng/duy nhất
70
+ to V làm gì
Những động từ theo sau bởi cả “to V”, “V-ing” hoặc “V(bare)”
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Try to do st cố gắng làm gì
Try doing st thử làm gì
2 Remember to do st nhớ phải làm gì
Remember doing st nhớ đã làm gì
3 Forget to do st quên phải làm gì
Forget doing st quên đã làm gì
4 Advise sb to do st khuyên ai đó làm gì
Advise doing st khuyên làm gì
5 Allow/permit sb to do st cho phép ai đó làm gì
Allow/permit doing st cho phép làm gì
6 Recommend sb to do st khuyên bảo/dặn/đề nghị ai đó làm gì
Recommend doing st khuyên bảo/dặn/đề nghị làm gì
7 Encourage sb to do st khuyến khích ai đó làm gì
Encourage doing st khuyến khích làm gì
8 Mean to do st dự định làm gì
Mean doing st có nghĩa là
9 Regret to do st rất lấy làm tiếc khi phải làm gì
Regret doing st hối tiếc vì đã làm gì
10 Go on to do st tiếp tục làm điều gì sau khi hoàn tất một công việc
Go on doing st chỉ sự liên tục của hành động
11 V(tri giác) + 0 + V(bare) khi chứng kiến toàn bộ sự việc
Ving khi chứng kiến một phần sự việc
12 Stop to do st dừng lại để làm gì
Stop doing st dừng hẳn làm gì
13 Need to do st cần phải làm gì
Need doing st cần phải được làm
14 Help sb do/to do st giúp ai đó làm gì
15 Have sb do st = get sb to do st nhờ ai đó làm gì
Have/get st done có cái gì được làm bởi ai
16 Used to do st thường làm gì trong quá khứ
Be/get used to doing st thường làm gì ở hiện tại

Exercise 1: Give the correct forms of the verbs in the blankets.

I would like him (go) __________ to a university but I can’t (make) ____________ him go.
He urged us (work) _____________________faster.
He warned her (not touch) _____________________the wire.
My mother told me (not speak) _____________________to anyone about it.
I am prepared (wait) _____________________here all night if necessary.
Would you mind showing me how (work) _____________________the lift.
I am beginning (understand) _____________________what you mean.
I don’t allow my family (smoke) _____________________at all.
I tried (persuade) ____________him (agree) _________with your proposal.
He expects me (answer) _____________by return but I have no intention of replying at all.
He postponed making a decision until it was too late (do) _____________anything.
Try (forget) _____________it. It isn’t worth worrying about it.
The horse won’t be well enough (run) _______ in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem (have) _______
recovered from his long journey.
It wouldn’t be safe (start) _____________down now; we will have (wait) _____________till the mist clears.
I distinctly remember (pay) _____________ him. I gave him 2$.
Did you remember (give) _____________him the key of the safe? - No, I didn’t. I will go and do it now.
As she drove past his house, she noticed him (run)__________________ away from home.
I was relieved (find out) ______________ that I had passed the exam.
She made her son (wash) ___________ the windows before he could go outside (play)_____________ with
his friends.
She lets her children (stay)____________________ up very late.
We had nothing (do)______________ except look at the cinema posters.
It made him angry (wait)________________ for people who were late.
It’s important (start)________________ the meeting on time.
There are too many people here for me (talk)__________________ to all of them.
It was a thrill (see) __________ my brother (win)______________ the chess tournament last year.
Exercise 2: Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences.
The skiers would rather __________ through the mountains than go by bus.
A. to travel by train B. travel by train C. traveled by train D. traveling by train
They decided ___________ to Japan for their summer holiday.
A. going B. to go C. go D. to going
His parents think it’s time for him___________ married.
A. gets B. get C. to get D. got
Smoking is bad for your health. You had better_________ it up.
A. to give B. give C. giving D. to be giving
It took three and a half hours _________ to Singapore.
A. to fly B. flying C. to be flown D. fly
She refused ___________ them.
A. to help B. help C. having helped D. helping
It is not easy ________ a high-paid job.
A. find B. finding C. finds D. to find
Would you like the doctor _________?
A. coming B. to come C. come D. comes
There is no need ______ the door of the meeting room tonight.
A. to lock B. to be locking C. to be locked D. locked
My husband wants me ______ this letter before the afternoon.
A. to post B. posting C. post D. posts
We need to stop _________ at what damage we have done to the nature and try ______it before it’s too late.
A. looking/ to fix B. to look/ to fix C. to look/ fixing D. looking/ fixing
We walked for ten kilometers and then we stopped _______ a rest.
A. to have B. have C. having D. has
The pollution rate in this area seems ______slowly.
A. increase B. increasing C. to increase D. to be increase
Your hair is too long now. It needs _________.
A. to cut B. cutting C. being cut D. to be cutting
I expected them _______ me a job.
A. offer B. offering C. to be offered D. to offer
I’m happy ____ that you’ve passed your driving test. Congratulations!
A. not hearing B. hear C. hearing D. to hear
I allow my little daughter ____ with her friends in the flower garden.
A. not to play B. to play C. playing D. play
My parents let my sister ____ camping with her friends in the mountain.
A. not go B. going C. go D. to go
We intend ____ him the truth for fear that he’ll fly into a fit of madness.
A. to tell B. telling C. not tell D. not to tell
My father can’t decide whether ________ the job or not, because if he does, it’ll require him ________ away
from home very often.
A. to take – to be B. to be taking – being
C. taking – to have been D. taking – having been
In designing a new product, it is important ________ the production process carefully, as a mistake discovered
later on can be expensive ________.
A. having planned – rectify B. to be planning – rectified
C. to plan – to rectify D. plan – to be rectified
I was a little late leaving the office, so I only just managed ________ to the post office in time ________ the
letter.
A. to have got – posted B. to get – to post
C. getting – to be posting D. having got – posting
Don’t hesitate ________ me a ring if any difficulty arises while signing the contract with the landlady.
A. giving B. to have given C. to give D. being given
The first physician ________ experiments on living animals was Galen, who lived in Rome from AD 129 to
about 199.
A. to conduct B. being conducted C. to be conducting D. conducted
I’m sorry that I didn’t remember ________ $100 from you, but I promise ________ you back as soon as I get
my salary next week.
A. borrowing – to pay B. to borrow – having paid
C. having borrowed – pay D. to be borrowing – paying
Exercise 3: Rewrite each of the following sentences with gerund or present participle or perfect participle.
“If I were you, I would have an apology to make to him.”
→ She advised _____________________________________________________________________
I’ve spent years building up my collection.
→ It _____________________________________________________________________________
My father doesn’t let me go out late at night.
→ My father doesn’t allow ___________________________________________________________
The campaign has certainly succeeded in raising public awareness of the issue.
→ The campaign has certainly ________________________________________________________
“Would you like to stay with us for a few weeks?”
→ Her family invited me ____________________________________________________________
“Try to learn foreign languages at school well.”
→ He encouraged me _______________________________________________________________
“Don’t forget to take all personal belongings with you when you leave the plane.”
→ Passengers are reminded __________________________________________________________
Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half.
→ Computerization should help _______________________________________________________
“I think it’s a wise decision to invest in the project,” he said to a foreign businessman.
→ He persuaded ___________________________________________________________________
You should ask your accountant to give you some financial advice.
→ You should tell __________________________________________________________________

_THE END_
Name: ___________________________________ Date: ________________
RELATIVE CLAUSES
(Mệnh đề quan hệ)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh từ, bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ đó. (Đóng vai trò như một
tính từ.)
Eg: Yesterday I met a beautiful girl who is the youngest professor in Vietnam.
Relative clause – MĐQH
- Đại từ quan hệ: who/whom (người mà), which (vật mà), that (người mà/ vật mà),
Eg: Yesterday I bought a new book which is about Archaeology
* Cách ghép 2 câu đơn thành một câu chứa mệnh đề quan hệ:
E.g: My sister has a daughter. The daughter studies in the USA.
- Bước 1: Chọn mệnh đề chính – mang thông tin chính cần được truyền tải.
(Trong ví dụ này ta chọn: “My sister has a daughter.”)
- Bước 2: Đưa mệnh đề còn lại ra sau danh từ để làm mệnh đề quan hệ.
(My sister has a daughter the daughter studies in the USA.
- Bước 3: Thay danh từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ bằng một đại từ quan hệ phù hợp và đưa lên ngay sau
danh từ.
(Ở ví dụ này, the daughter đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ - “người mà” trong mệnh đề quan hệ nên ta thay
bằng “who”. Ta có kết quả: “My sister has a daughter who studies in the USA.”)
- Bước 4: Đổi chỗ của trạng từ chỉ thời gian/ nơi chốn, giới từ (nếu cần).
Ex 2: Combine the following sentences using relative clauses:
1. I sent my parents some postcards which were not so expensive.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
2. The house has been built in the forest. It doesn’t have electricity.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you know the man? He is coming towards us.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
4. I come from a city which is located by the sea.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
5. The soup which I had for lunch was so delicious.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
6. Mr. Jackson is my music teacher whom we met in the supermarket yesterday.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
7. His new car which is really stunning cost him a fortune.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
8. The teacher sent me the book. Do you know the teacher?
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
9. Pass me the dictionary which I put on the shelf.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
10. Will you help me to do the exercise which I don’t understand.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
* Các loại đại từ quan hệ
Đại từ Cách dùng Ví dụ
WHO - Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người đứng trước nó
- Làm S (chủ ngữ) trong MĐQH - The girl who is standing there is Ann.
….N (person) + WHO + V + O - The student who our teacher met was
- Làm O (tân ngữ) cho động từ trong MĐQH John.
….N (person ) + WHO + S + V
WHOM - Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ - That is the girl who/ whom you are
cho động từ trong MĐQH waiting for?
…N (person ) + WHOM + S + V
- Chú ý: “ who” có thể thay thế cho “whom”, - That is the girl WHOM is waiting for
nhưng “ whom” không thể that thế cho “who” you? →SAI
- That is the girl WHO is waiting for
you?--> ĐÚNG
WHICH - Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật The book which is on the table is
- Làm chỉ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong MĐQH beautiful.
…N (thing) + WHICH + V + O The dress which she is wearing is
….N (thing) + WHICH + S+ V beautiful.
THAT - Có thể thay thế cho vị trí của Who, Whom, The pen that/ which is on the desk is
Which expensive
THAT = WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH The dancers that/ who/ whom he painted
were very lively
WHOSE - Dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người The dog whose hair is brown belongs to
hoặc vật, thường thay cho các tính từ sở hữu: me.
his, her, their… hoặc hình thức sở hữu cách ‘s
….N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V
- Chú ý: Whose chỉ đứng giữa hai danh từ.
Whose không đứng trước động từ trong MĐQH

* Các loại trạng từ quan hệ

Trạng từ Cách dùng Ví dụ

WHY - Mở đầu cho MĐQH chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm I don’t know the reason. You
“for the reason, for that reason” didn’t go to school for that reason
…N (reason) + WHY + S+ V… → I don’t know the reason why
you didn’t go to school
WHERE - Thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn như+ “ place, house, street, The hotel wasn’t very clean. We
town, country…” thường thay cho “ there” stayed at that hotel
…N (place) + WHERE+ S +V →The hotel where we stayed
(WHERE= ON/ IN. AT + WHICH ) wasn’t very clean
WHEN - Thay thế từ chỉ thời gian như “ time, moment, day, I don’t know the time. She will
period, summer…” thường thay cho từ “then” come back then
N (time) + WHEN + S+ V →I don’t know the time when she
( WHEN = ON/ IN/ AT + WHICH ) will come back
- Do you still remember the day
when we first met?
→Do you remember the day when
we first met?
Ex 1: Fill in the blanks with “who” or “which”
1. A soldier is someone___________ works in the army
2. A student is a person ___________ goes to school
3. An ostrich is a bird ___________ cannot fly
4. A cook is someone ___________ makes meals at a restaurant
5. A tire is thing ___________ you can find on a wheel
6. A stick is a piece of wood ___________ is long and thin
7. Auld Lang Syne is a song _______is sung on New Year’s eve
8. Peter, _______, can compose many pieces of music, sings very well.
9. Do you know the man _______ you met yesterday?
10. Tet is a festival _______ occurs in late January or earl, February.
Ex 2: Fill in the blanks with: who, whom, which, whose, where, when
1. Can you give me back the money __________I lent you last month?
2. This is the restaurant __________we used to eat when he lived in Boston.
3. Mark has sent me an email __________I haven’t replied yet.
4. Who’s the person__________ is sitting next to Nancy?
5. They complained about the wrong goods __________ were sent to them.
6. This is Susan __________ husband works in the sales department.
7. Candy is wearing a new dress __________ she bought in the summer sales.
8. Monday is the day __________ bills have to be paid.
9. The secretary showed me the filing cabinet __________ important documents are filed.
10. Do you like the boy __________ Mary is talking to?
11. We enjoyed the party __________ Peter and Pam had to celebrate Christmas.
12. Are you the person __________ applied for a job as a receptionist?
13. Is this this pub __________ you meet your friends?
14. You have to delete the sheet __________ is repeated.
15. April is the month __________ we have Easter holiday in Spain.
16. The advice __________ Sam gave me was quite senseless.
17. Have you bought the food __________ I asked you?
18. Phone Mr Smith __________ you will have to talk to tomorrow.
19. Let’s visit the park __________ we played after school.
20. Celebrities receive lots of invitations __________ they don’t accept.
Ex 3: Using “that” or “whose” to combine the following pairs of sentences:
0. I met some people. Their houses were badly damaged.
→ I met some people whose houses were badly damaged.
00. We ate the cake. It was on the cupboard.
→ We ate the cake that was on the cupboard.
1. I admired the stuntman. His part was so dangerous
→ I admired the stuntman ________________________________________________________
2. Did you refuse the offer? It is the last one.
→ Did you refuse the offer _________________________________________________
3. She found the bag. It belonged to her
→ She found the bag ____________________________________________________________
4. Can you see the car? Its door is scratched
→ Can you see the car ___________________________________________________________
5. You are the partner. I want to work with you.
→ You are the partner ___________________________________________________________
6. I couldn’t help the students. Their tests were a failure
→. I couldn’t help the students _____________________________________________________
7. This is the guy. I got it from him.
→ This is the guy _______________________________________________________________
8. I liked the house. Its roof was made of res tiles.
→ I liked the house ______________________________________________________________
9. A spade is a tool. You dig with it.
→ A spade is a tool ______________________________________________________________
10. Here is the museum. I told you about it.
→Here is the museum____________________________________________________________
11. I can’t respect politicians. Their only ambitious is to be in power.
→ I can’t respect politicians _______________________________________________________
12. This is the man. We bought the ring from him.
→. This is the man ______________________________________________________________
Ex 4: Fill in each blank with who, which, where, when or whose.
1. What’s the name of the girl _____________ is wearing a white blouse?
2. I don’t like food _____________ is very spicy.
3. Last week I returned to my home village _____________ I was born.
4. I’ll never forget the day _____________ you gave me a surprise birthday party.
5. He is a man _____________ friends always trust him.
6. The hotel _____________ we stayed wasn’t very clean.
7. Is there anything _____________ I can do?
8. We all thanked him _____________ gave us a lot of help.
9. The girl _____________ eyes are blue is Mr. Brown’s daughter.
10. I enjoy reading the books _____________ tell about different cultures.
Ex 12: Rewrite the following sentences using Relative Clauses
0. She worked for a man. The man used to be an athlete.
→ She worked for a man who used to be an athlete.
1. The fruit is on the table. The fruit isn’t fresh
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
2. They called a lawyer. The lawyer lived nearby
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
3. I sent an email to my brother. My brother lives in Australia
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
4. The customer liked the waitress. The waitress was very friendly
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
5. We broke the computer. The computer belonged to my father
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
6. I dropped a glass. The glass was new
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
7. She loves books. The books have happy endings
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
8. They live in a city. The city is in the north of England
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
9. The man is in the garden. The man is wearing a blue jumper
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
10. The girl works in a bank. The girl is from India
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
Name: _____________________________________ Date: __________________________

WORD FORMATION
A. THEORY
Dấu hiệu nhận biết

TỪ LOẠI

Các đuôi của Các đuôi của Các đuôi của Các đuôi của
danh từ động từ tính từ trạng từ

-ment -en -ly -ly

-ance -ise / ze -full
-ion / ation -ate -less
-age -fy -ic
-al -able
-ing -ous
-er -some
-or -al
-ist -ing / ed
-ress -ern
-ant -y
-ee -ible
-ledge -ent
-ar -ive
-ence -like
-ness -ish
-ity -ary
-y
-ty
-age
-cy
-dom
-ism
-th
 TRẬT TỰ TỪ
STT QUY TẮC VÍ DỤ
Sau to be (am/is/are/was/were) là tính The book is so interesting that I can't put it down.
1
từ.
2 Sau động từ là trạng từ. He runs more quickly than me.
Sau V (tri giác) + adj The food tastes delicious.
3 V (tri giác): hear, see, smell, taste, feel...

Sau look, seem, get, become, find, She looks happier than yesterday.
4 make… + adj.

5 Sau mạo từ (a/an/the) + N. The development of industry causes air pollution.

Sau tính từ sở hữu: my/your/our/his/her/ He failed the exam because of his laziness.
6 their/its là danh từ.

7 Sau sở hữu cách là danh từ. Mai's house is very nice.

Sau đại từ chỉ định this/that/these/those This machine has been out of order.
8 + N.

9 Sau some/any/many/much + N. There are many people waiting for the last bus.
Sau giới từ + N. My parents are celebrating 30 years, of marriage
10 next week.

11 Trước danh từ là tính từ. Copperheads are poisonous snakes.

Trước tính từ là trạng từ. The matter is comparatively complicated and
12 sensitive.

Đứng đầu câu, ngăn cách với phần trong Traditionally, the positions of the women were in
13
câu bằng dấu phẩy (,) là trạng từ. the kitchen.
14 Sau danh từ là danh từ. This firm is known for its high quality products.
15 Sau bring/take/have/buy/sell... + N. Money doesn't bring happiness to man.
16 Giữa hai động từ là trạng từ. He will certainly die if you don't call a doctor.
Khi có "and/or/but" thì hai vế cân nhau The International Red Cross helps people in need
(cùng chức năng từ loại/ngữ pháp/ngữ without any discrimination based on nationality,
17
nghĩa). race, religion, class or political opinions.

B. PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1.1. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences
1. Every morning, my father usually drinks several cups of tea, has a _____breakfast and then leads
the buffalo to the field.
A. quick B. quickly C. quickness D. quicker
2. Mr. Lam is a cycle driver in Ho Chi Minh City, who usually has a_____ working day.
A. business B. busy C. busily D. busying
3. The man_____about his son's travelling because there is so much traffic on the narrow and crowded
way to school.
A. worrisome B. worrying C. worriment D. worries
4. He wants to learn English because it is an_____language.
A. internationally B. international C. internationalize D. internationalism
5. English is an effective means to understand other cultures, religions and _____in the world because
most books about these issues are in English.
A. civilizations B. civilians C. civilities D. civilizers
6. Filmmakers are maybe thinking about making money_____of bad effects on children.
A. disregard B. regardful C. regardless D. disregarding
7. At home, I don't have a cassette recorder to listen to my lessons; therefore I can't practice and have
a good_____before classes.
A. preparative B. preparedly C. irreparable D. preparation
8. He usually avoids going to parties because he has_____remembering people's names.
A. troublesome B. trouble C. troubling_____D, troubler
9. I stopped worrying about what people think about me and I tried to pay _____to what people were
saying.
A. attention B. attentive C. attentiveness D. attentively
10. I was woken up_____by the sound of someone hammering on the front door.
A. suddenness B. sudden C. suddentive D. suddenly
11. In 1891, Marie Curie came to Paris and studied at the Sorbonne, a world _____university in Paris
at that time.
A. fame B. famously C. famous D. famousness
12. In spite of her difficult living conditions, she worked_____hard to save money for a study tour
abroad.
A. extremeness B. extremely C. extremism D. extremity
13. As a_____and mature student, Marie Curie earned a Physics degree with flying colors.
A. brilliant B. brilliantly C. brilliantness D. brilliance
14. His financial problems escalated after he became_____.
A. employment B. employer C. unemployed D. employee
15. The government has announced an ambitious programme to_____the railway network.
A. modem B. modernistic C. modernity D. modernize
16._____is a person whose job is to connect people using a telephone system.
A. Telephone B. Telephonist C. Telephonic D. Telephony
17. The well-known_____, Joseph Rowntree, was concerned with the welfare of his employees.
A. humanization B. humanism C. human D. humanitarian
18. I didn't really want to go to the party, but I thought I'd better put in an_____.
A. appearance B. disappear C. appear D. disappearance
19. Are the players_____and physically prepared to play a tough game?
A. mentalism B. mentality C. mentally D. mental
20. Those who disagreed with the director's viewpoint were_____edged out of the company.
A. gradually B. gradualism C. gradual D. gradualness
21. There was a lot of opposition from the parents of the_____children because they used to believe
that their children could not learn anything at all.
A. ability B. disabled C. unable D. disablement
22. We've spent a lot of money on_____and we're beginning to see the results.
A. advertising B. advertisers C. advertisement D. advertise
23. Although her idea, at first, met with_____from the parents of the disabled children, more children
attended her class later.
A. opposite B. oppositional C. oppositeness D. opposition
24. The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination based on_____, race,
religion, class or political opinions.
A. national B. nationally C. nationality D. native
25. The six-month-old_____club, which comprises 19 deaf, mute or mentally retarded children, is
now having its first exhibition in Hanoi.
A. photographic B. photograph C. photographer D. photographically
26. Patricia has checked the reports and can vouch for the_____of the information.
A. accurateness B. accurately C. accuracy D. accurate
27. The legend of Santa Claus - who_____leaves presents in stockings at Christmas as children sleep -
has its roots in a real man.
A. magician B. magical C. magically D. magic
28. The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an_____landing on Lake Geneva.
A. emerge B. emergent C. emerging D. emergency
29. I think some subjects aren't necessary for small school children at all, for example_____or
industrial technology.
A. agriculture B. agriculturalist C. agricultural D. agriculturally
30. It's an extremely_____cure for a headache.
A. effect B. effective C. effectual D. effector
31._____in the experiment also keep track of what they eat and drink
over three days so their eating habits can be evaluated.
A. Participles B. Participations C. Participates D. Participants
32. Ambulances arrived at the scene of the accident and took the injured to_____.
A. hospitable B. hospitality C. hospitalization D. hospital
33. Computer is an_____storage device which manages large collections of data.
A. electronic B. electron C. electronically D. electronical
34. Computer is a personal_____which helps you to interact with other computers and with people
around the world.
A. communication B. communicator C. communicant D. communicability
35. You would be well-advised to have the_____vaccinations before you go abroad.
A. appropriately B. appropriative C. appropriate D. appropriation
36. In our_____of how much your initial investment might be worth at term, we are assuming an 8%
rate of return.
A. illustratable B. illustration C. illustrative D. illustrator
37. The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _____volunteers.
A. support B. supporter C. supportive D. supportively
38. Laura is anxious about her parents'_____because they may not let her stay the night away from
home.
A. permissible B. permission C. permissively D. permissiveness
39. There's an element of_____in his behavior that makes me distrust him.
A. calculable B. calculator C. calculation D. calculative
40. The students are visiting some caves because they want to understand their_____lesson better and
some of them have never been inside a cave.
A. geography B. geographical C. geographer D. geographically
41. I think seat 4 or 5 is the most_____for me because I’ve never been a boat before.
A. suitability B. suitably C. suitableness D. suitable
42. The Botanical Garden was a very_____place where we made a short tour round the garden and
took some pictures of the whole class.
A. beautify B. beautifully C. beautiful D. beautification
43. The children slept soundly because it was so_____and quiet in the garden.
A. peaceable B. peacefulness C. peaceably D. peaceful
44. My teacher has had_____of asking you to show the students the process of fixing computers.
A. intention B. intentional C. intently D. intentness
45. That was an_____performance from such a young tennis player.
A. impression B. impressive C. impressing D. impressionist
46. Stars of the_____world turned out to celebrate his 40th year in show business.
A. entertain B. entertainer C. entertainment D. entertainingly
47. She was prepared to take on the job, with all its_____risks.
A. associated B. association C. associative D. associating
48. An old farmer said that their lives had changed a lot thanks to the_____our children brought
home.
A. knowledge B. knowledgeability C. knowledgeable D. knowledgeableness
49. When he saw the crash, the young boy acted very_____and called the police.
A. responsibility B. responsible C. responsiveness D. responsibly
50. Farmers hoped that with an education of science and_____, their children could find a way of
bettering their lives.
A. technological B. technologist C. technology D. technologically
51. He said their lives had changed a lot thanks to the knowledge their children brought home from
high_____schools or colleges.
A. technical B. technicality C. technically D. technician
52. In my hometown, there have been a lot of changes and_____in recent years.
A. improved B. improvements C. improvers D. improves
53. A_____change in my hometown is the big park in the centre where people can go for fresh air or
pleasure after a day’s hard work.
A. remarking B. remarkably C. remark D. remarkable
54. The burglars attacked the boys_____with pieces of wood.
A. violently B. violet_____ C. violent D. violence
55. If we get to like watching TV too much, our lives are_____dominated, and even we don't have
time for friends and relatives or do necessary other things.
A. uncertainly B. certain C. certainly D. certainty
56. The cost of the project has increased_____since it began.
A. dramatic B. dramatize C. dramatist D. dramatically
57. For centuries, people have been challenged by the mysteries that lie beneath the ocean, however,
today's_____has overcome many of the challenges of the depth by using modem devices.
A. scientism B. scientist C. scientific D. scientifically
58. Guide dogs open up the lives of the blind or_____impaired.
A. visually B. visualize C. visualization D. visualizing
59. Marine plants and animals fall into three major groups, some of which live on or_____on the
bottom like the starfish.
A. dependent B. independence C. dependability D. depend
60. The government set up a commission to_____the problem of inner city violence.
A. investigator B. investigate C. investigation D. investigative
61. From the satellite photos, we can know a wide range of information, including water_____, depth
and the undersea population.
A. temperance B. temperately C. temperature D. temperateness
62. Plants and animals of the sea, however small or oversized, all contribute to its_____.
A. biodiversity B. biochemically C. bioactive D. biogenetic
63. All governments should have laws that_____the hunt for these endangered sea animals for any
purpose.
A. prohibitively B. prohibition C. prohibit D. prohibitionist

Exercise 1.2.. Give the correct forms of the words in the blankets.
1. It is almost_______________for young people leaving school to get a job. (POSSIBLE)
2. It was_______________of you to make fun of him like that. (KIND)
3. Jean is the material which was_______________after sailors from Genoa in Italy. (NAME)
4. Elvis Presley was a _______________ pop singer. (FAME)
5. Have you seen the new_______________for Double Rich shampoo? (ADVERTISE)
6. You are_______________to choose how to spend the evening. (FREEDOM)
7. This road is much_______________than I thought. (LENGTH)
8. Vietnamese people are very_______________(FRIEND)
9. _______________are able to ask questions by using their remote control. (VIEW)
10. I want some more_______________about your school. (INFORM)
11. Don't eat those vegetables. They’re_______________(POISON)
12. Miss Moon is the most_______________girl in my school. (BEAUTY)
13. Fashion_______________want to change the traditional Ao Dai. (DESIGN)
14. He is a strict_______________(EXAMINE)
15. This school has excellent_______________(REPUTE)
16. We often take parting in many_______________activities at school. (CULTURE)
17. If you want to_______________your English, we can help you. (IMPROVEMENT)
18. I want to_______________for selling my house. (ADVERTISEMENT)
19. He is an_______________of this newspaper. (EDITION)
20. Environmental_______________is everybody's responsibility. (PROTECT)
21. He is a famous stamp_______________(COLLECT)
22. There was some new_______________in the laboratory.(EQUIP)
23. They_______________me to join their family to Hue last year. (INVITATION)
24. Some young people today have a very strange_______________(APPEAR)
25. Her clothes look very modem and_______________(FASHION)
26. Many designers took_______________from Vietnam’s ethnic minorities. (INSPIRE)
27. His attempt to break the world record was sadly_______________(SUCCESS)
28. We bought this house at a_______________price. (REASON)
29. I caught the train at the_______________station. (CENTRE)
30. I met some_______________at the park last week. (FOREIGN)
31. She was really_______________by the beauty of the city. (IMPRESS)
32. These_______________will conserve the earth's resources. (INNOVATE)
33. Many_______________come to Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum every day. (VISIT)
34. We enjoyed the_______________atmosphere in Hanoi. (PEACE)
35. The_______________language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia. (NATION)
36. Taxi drivers have to have a very good_______________of the street names. (KNOW)
37. It is said that_______________is love without wings. (FRIEND)
38. It is the pronunciation that causes me a lot of_______________(DIFFICULT)
39. Not long ago, I was introduced to a famous_______________(ART)
40. Nothing is more precious than_______________(DEPEND)
41. She is the top_______________working in our space project. (SCIENCE)
42. It is time a_______________was made about the new school. (DECIDE)
43. Your rice field is more_______________than ours. (PRODUCT)
44. In order to_______________the road, they have to limit the pavement. (WIDE)
45._______________is now a serious problem in many countries. (FOREST)
46. The_______________today has ever greater opportunities than ever. (YOUNG)
47. Please call if you require_______________(ASSIST)
48. Gauzy is_______________of the fact that he is never late. (PRIDE)
49. The representatives joining the festival were of different_______________(NATIONAL)
50. Nancy won the first prize in the drawing_______________(COMPETE)

Exercise 2.1. Give the correct forms of the words in the blankets.
1. It was one of his most important_______________(ACHIEVE)
2. The teacher had great_______________in his students. (CONFIDENT)
3. We have a good_______________with our neighbors. (RELATIVE)
4. Burning coal is an_______________way to heat the house. Gas is much cheaper. (ECONOMY)
5. Faraday spent his_______________in the countryside. (CHILD)
6. Many people think that Faraday is the greatest___________in history. (INVENT)
7._______________is often more useful than definition for giving meanings of words.
(ILLUSTRATE)
8. He left for a_______________of reasons. (VARY)
9. The United Nations_______________is an international one. (ORGANIZE)
10. I’m worried about the_______________of the children. (SAFE)
11. People hate him because of his_______________(HONEST)
12. The firm is working on a new product in_______________with several overseas
partners. (COMBINE)
13. The_______________of the country requires the ingenuity of many high-tech engineers.
(MODERN)
14. Everyone must obey the rules of_______________(SOCIAL)
15. After the hot summer, there was a_______________of water. (SHORT)
16. Coke is a______________of cola flavor, water carbon dioxide and sugar. (MIX)
17._______________I agree with you. (BASIC)
18. The_______________of the world population is being studied. (GROW)
19. English has become the main language of_______________(COMMUNICATE)
20._______________speak louder than words. (ACT)
21. That I got zero mark is_______________(FORGET)
22. He didn’t go to school because of his__________________________ (SICK)
23. They live in a_______________area in the north-east of the country. (MOUNTAIN)
24. The police are looking for a dangerous_______________(CRIME)
25. She receives a lot of_______________from her friends. (COURAGE)
26. There are_______________about wearing uniforms at school. (AGURE)
27. The_______________situation in that country is getting worse and worse. (ECONOMY)
28. The Internet has_______________developed in every field. (INCREASE)
29. There are a lot of well_______________teachers in that school. (QUALIFY)
30. _______________ are concerned about the use of dynamite to catch fish. (ENVIRONMENT)
31. Please stand at the_______________to the museum. I’ll come in ten minutes. (ENTER)
32. Some package trips to Thailand are_______________cheap. (SURPRISE)
33. Many Hong Kong people lead a busy_______________(LIVE)
34. The_______________in this hotel is very slow. (SERVE)
35. She pays a_______________visit to her mother in the hospital. (DAY)
36. The success or_______________of the plan depends on you. (FAIL)
37. This temple was built by the local_______________over 100 years. (INHABIT)
38. Angkor Wat was_______________built to honor a Hindu God. (ORIGIN)
39. It is_______________to eat too much sugar and fat. (HEALTH)
40. If you give a reasonable_______________for your bad behavior last night, I will forgive you.
(EXPLAIN)
41. My brother often does experiments about electricity for_______________(PLEASE)
42. These shoes are beautiful, but they are very_______________(COMFORT)
43. Many rural areas in Viet Nam have been_______________in the last few years.(URBAN)
44. There wasn’t any_______________in our village many years ago. (ELECTRIC)
45._______________, the stepmother was very cruel to her. (FORTUNATE)
46. A fairy appeared and_______________changed her old clothes. (MAGIC)
47. The tiger wanted to see the farmer’s_______________(WISE)
48. It is easy to change people’s_______________? (BELIEVE)
49. You don’t have to spend your time in a_______________place. (CROWD)
50. What is the_______________to that problem? (SOLVE)

Exercise 2.2. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences
1. These scientists have collected different samples to_____for their experiment.
A. analyst B. analyze C. analysis D. analyzable
2. If no effective measures were taken to_____whale, these wonderful animals would disappear
forever.
A. protection B. protectively C. protector D. protect
3. Whales are in danger because of the increase in_____of other sea animals.
A. popularity B. population C. populate D. popularize
4. We should stop and prevent doing what can do serious damage to our_____by conserving rare
plants and animals and by stopping the pollution.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentalist D. environs
5. The survey found that many graduates had difficulty working_____.
A. depend B. independence C. dependability D. independently
6. When planning meals, you need to think about_____and taste as well as nutritional value.
A. variable B. variety C. variedly D. variability
7._____dams hold back needed water and provide power for homes and industries.
A. Hydroelectric B. Hydroelectricity C. Hydroelectrically D. Hydro
8. A forest fire can be made mostly by a_____cigarette butt or a campfire.
A. careful B. carelessness_____C, carefully D. careless
9. When going Cue Phuong National Park,_____can study butterflies, visit caves, hike mountains and
look at the 1,000-year-old tree.
A. touristy B. tourism C. tourists D. touring
10. The accident seemed to have_____destroyed his confidence.
A. complete B. completely C. completer D. completeness
11. Journalists may enter the danger zone but_____we cannot guarantee their safety.
A. fortunately B. unfortunateness C. unfortunately D. fortunate
12. His parents won't let him play ice hockey because they think it's too_____.
A. dangerous B. endangered C. danger D. endangering
13. He didn't want to be involved in the_____for the conference, although he was willing to attend
and speak.
A. organizing B. organizer C. organization D. organize
14. We_____the possibility that it could have been an accident.
A. elimination B. eliminatory C. eliminative D. eliminated
15._____includes a concern for the quality of the environment, so that people can enjoy living in it.
A. Conservation B. conservator C. conservable D. conservatively
16. Several passages from the book were printed in a_____newspaper before it was published.
A. nationally B. nationalization C. national D. nationality
17. He said that the songs were "_____inappropriate" for schoolchildren.
A. lyricism B. lyrically C. lyricist D. lyrical
18. Music is very much an integral part of our life which is played during almost all important events
and on_____occasions and sets the tone for them.
A. specialization B. specialize C. specialist D. special
19. The band seemed to lack the_____and spontaneity of their early years.
A. joyful B. joyously C. joyfulness D. joyless
20. To become a novelist, you need to be_____.
A. imaginary B. imagination C. imaginative D. imaginable
21. The charity will go under unless a_____donor can be found within the next few months.
A. generous B. generator C. generously D. generosity
22. We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious_____of forests.
A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destructor
23. England was one of the first countries to_____.
A. industry B. industrial C. industrialize D. industrialization
24. Passengers were kept for three hours in a_____waiting room.
A. disgusting B. disgust C. disgustful D. disgustedly
25. I suppose he is quite_____- he sends me flowers on my birthday and tells me I'm looking beautiful
and so on.
A. romance B. romantic C. romanticize D. romantically
26. Her new_____series will be her debut on the small screen.
A. detector B. detection C. detectible D. detective
27. In the early 19th century, scientists discovered that when a_____of still pictures were set in
motion, they could give the feeling of movement.
A. sequence B. sequent C. sequential D. sequentially
28. Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing_____.
A. fertile B. fertility C. fertilizers D. fertilizable
29. World Cup, the_____football tournament, which is considered the most popular sporting event in
the world, is held every four years.
A. intemationality B. international C. internationalism D. internationally
30. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with_____.
A. extinct B. extinction C. extinctive D. extinctor
31. The _____ match of the 2002 World Cup attracted a television audience of over 26 billion
viewers.
A. finalist B. finally C. finalization D. final
32. They now live in California, but_____they came from Mexico.
A. origin B. originally C. original D. originality
33. Van Mieu - Quoc Tu Giam, originally built in 1070 in the Ly dynasty, as_____of Confucian ways
of thought and behaviour.
A. representable B. represent C. representation D. representative
34. Although the city is a_____tourist destination for many people, it has its problems.
A. favoritism B. favor C. favorite D. favorable
35. After more than 900 years of existence, Van Mieu is an example of well-preserved
_____Vietnamese architecture.
A. traditionalize B. traditionally C. traditionalist D. traditional
36. Modernizing_____buildings can often do more harm than good.
A. historic B. historian C. historically D. historicity
37. Hue, a World_____Heritage by UNESCO in 1993, was founded by the Nguyen Dynasty.
A. Cultural B. Culturology C. Culturally D. Culture
38. Between 1076 and 1779, Quoc Tu Giam was a place to_____the talented for the nation.
A. product B. produce C. productively D. production
39. Such characters as fairies or witches in Walt Disney animated cartoons are purely_____.
A. imaginary B. imaginative C. imagining D. imaginable
40. The firefighters’ single-minded devotion to the rescue of the victims of the fire was_____.
A. respecting B. respective C. respectful D. respectable
41. Since_____has been so poor, the class has been closed.
A. attendance B. attendant C. attending D. attendee
42. Tom is getting ever keener on doing research on_____.
A. biology B. biological C. biologist D. biologically
43. They are always_____of what their children do.
A. support B. supporting C. supportive D. supportively
44. The mobile phone is an effective means of_____in the world nowadays.
A. communicated B. communication C. communicate D. communicative
45. It is not always easy to make a good_____at the last minute.
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
46. Cultural_____can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift.
A. differences B. different C. differently D. differ
47. Travelling to_____countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things.
A. differ B. difference C. differently D. different
48. The job market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new_____.
A. competition B. competitively C. competitive D. compete
49. In Vietnam, children begin their primary_____at the age of six.
A. educational B. educationally C. educate D. education
50. Many librarians and teachers are now accepting graphic novels as proper literature for children as
they_____young people and motivate them to read.
A. attract B. attractively C. attraction D. Attractive
51. The success of the company in such a_____market is remarkable.
A. compete B. competitively C. competitive D. Competition
52. People tend to be unaware of the messages they are sending to others. So, it is_____to consider
your own body language before dealing with people from other cultures.
A. usefully B. use C. usefulness D. useful
53. Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their_____.
A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creatively
54. Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good_____on job interviewers.
A. impress B. impressively C. impression D. impressive
55. It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our_____of the world
A. knowledgeable B. knowledgeably C. knowledge D. Know
56. Susan has achieved great_____in her career thanks to her hard work.
A. success B. succeed C. successful D. Successfully
57. Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their_____skills.
A. social B. society C. socially D. socialize
58. You should turn off the lights before going out to save_____.
A. electricity B. electrify C. electric D. electrically
59. The study also found that social networks allow us to have discussions with a much more diverse
set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge with people from a wide_____of
backgrounds.
A. vary B. variety C. various D. variously
60. The candidates took a_____ breath before he walked into the interview room.
A. deeply B. deep C. deepen D. Depth
61. With his good sense of humor, Martin is quite_____with the students.
A. popularly B. popular C. popularize D. popularity
62. Laura came to_____me for taking care of her dog when she was away.
A. thank B. thankfully C. thankfulness D. Thankful
63. I think mobile phones are_____for people of all ages.
A. usage B. use C. usefully D. useful
 LISTENING
Instructions for an assignment

Ex 1:
Ex 2:
 Yesterday I met the girl whom my mother talked about.
My mother sent me a card which/tha was from Austria.
1. I have a friend who/ that lives in England.
2. She bought a book which/ that is about English Grammar.
3. The woman who/ whom/ that you saw yesterday is my aunt.
4. This is the book which/ that I like best.
5. The boy who/ whom/ that we are looking for is Tom.
1. Stop (talk) _____________. I am trying (finish) ________a letter.
2. His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up jogging.
3. Some people seem (have) _____________the passion for writing to the newspapers.
4. It’s not much use having a bike if you don’t know how (use) _____________it.
5. I didn’t have enough time (finish) ______ my work yesterday.
6. We both heard him (say)______________ that he was leaving.
7. I couldn’t understand what the passage said, so I had my friend (translate)____________ it for me.
8. It took ages (download)________________________ the pictures from the Internet.
9. Whenever I have free time, I like (watch) __________________ the basketball team practicing.
10. She sent me an e-mail (inform)____________________ me that the meeting had been canceled.

Question 14: It is raining hard. We had better _______ at home tonight.

A. staying B. to stay C. stay D. to be staying
Question 16: If we don’t do anything ______ the ice on the poles from melting, the earth will be flooded one
day.
A. for stop B. to stopping C. to stop D. stop
Question 21: John made me ____ a lot with his hilarious jokes.
A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughed
Question 22: I’d like ____ all of you to enjoy my party on this Friday.
A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. not invite
Question 23: We expect Linh _____ to the airport late as the plane will take off in 15 minutes.
A. to come B. not to come C. not coming D. coming
Question 25: My mother said that she would rather ____ to Hoi An than Nha Trang.
A. to travel B. travelling C. not to travel D. travel
Question 27: You’d better ____ out with your friends as it is very dangerous in the evening.
A. went B. go C. going D. to go
Question 30: I really believe that you should let your son ________ his own decisions; he is certainly old
enough ________ so.
A. to be making – done B. making – being done
C. to make – for doing D. make – to do
Question 32: It should be a priority for world leaders ________ durable solutions for world peace rather than
________ their time and effort on transitory ones.
A. to find – waste B. finding – to waste
C. having found – wasted D. being found – wasting
Question 34: Soon after take-off, the hijackers went into the captain’s cabin and told him ________ them to
another destination.
A. flying B. to fly C. fly D. flew
Question 35: Ann Nolan Clark’s simple but poetic prose and ability ________ people ________ cultural
similarities and differences gained her a mainstream following.
A. making – to appreciate B. make – to be appreciating
C. to have made – appreciated D. to make – appreciate
Question 37: As far as I can see, you can’t decide whether ________ alone or share the flat with a friend, but
were I you, I’d choose ________ on my own, as then you’ll be more independent.
A. to live – to live B. to have lived – having lived
C. to be living – live D. living – living
Question 41: We are very anxious because we are hoping ________ our application at the adoption agency
approved by the end of the week.
A. to have had B. having C. to have D. to be having
Question 42: When the opposition managed ________ some evidence of corruption, the authorities declared
the election ________ invalid.
A. uncovered – be B. uncovering – being
C. to be uncovering – to have been D. to uncover – to be
Question 43: Out of all the OECD countries, Turkey is reported ________ the most expensive electricity,
while Norway has the least expensive.
A. to be having B. to have C. having had D. having
Question 44: I demand ________ the person who is in charge of handling customers’ complaints here.
A. to be seen B. having seen C. seeing D. to see
Question 46: Upon arriving at the flat ________ it, we noticed that it hadn’t been decorated as tastefully as
the estate agent had led us ________.
A. to view – to believe B. to be viewing – believed
C. having viewed – believe D. viewing – to have believed
Question 47: I’d like ________ your sister ________ my daughter’s wedding dress as she’s such a talented
seamstress.
A. having – made B. have – having made
C. to be having – making D. to have – make
Question 48: I must remember ________ Frances when I get home to let her ________ about the changes to
the schedule.
A. having called – know B. calling – to know
C. to be calling – known D. to call – know
11. When my uncle’s horse broke its leg, he was very upset because he knew that he had no option but
________ the vet ________ it humanely.
A. asking – having killed B. ask – kill
C. to ask – to kill D. having asked – killed
12. Normally she’s too proud ________ that she’s made a mistake, so it’s incredible that we got her ________
in this case.
A. to admit – to apologize B. to be admitting –
apologize
C. to have admitted – apologize D. admitting – having apologized

IDIOMS: Life is a journey

1. Literal meanings (Nghĩa đen)
Many of the words we normally use to talk about going places are used to talk about life - as a
jourrney. Complete the following sentences with these words:
short-cut: đường tắt take off footsteps
dead-end crossroads tunnel
ruts track rails steam
1. At Heathrow plances ________________________________________ and land every minute.
2. Do you think there will ever be a __________________________ between Southern Spain and North
Africa?
3. The road up to her house has no surface and in the middle of winter it gets full of
____________________________.
4. It’s really difficult finding the way to her house. She lives in the country, five miles from the nearest
town, down a lane off the main road, and then up a little __________________________ past an old
ruined church.
5. When you get to the ______________________________, take the road to the left, heading for
Oxford.
6. Before the days of diesel and electric trains, there was only ________________________.
7. A train came off the ______________________ just outside York station and 3 people were killed.
8. Sh! Listen! Can’t you hear the sound of __________________________ outside?
1. My son said: “I don’t want to go to school.”
1. His wife said to him: "I don't want to live with you
anymore."
2. She said to me: "I will call you tomorrow."
4. My mother said: "I am too tired to do all the
housework."
5. He said to me: "You didn't tell me about it."

6. He said: “I am going to see you here tomorrow”.

7. I told my teacher: “I will finish this assignment next
week.”
8. Her boyfriend said: “If I have money, I will buy you
a car.”
9. “This is the first time I have tasted such as good glass
of wine,” he said
10. People always tell me: “You have to be hard-
working to succeed.”