aN aye IN EDUCATION MATHEMATICS STANDARD As Per Latest CBSE Course Structure 2020-21 Pen Paper Test Multiple Assessment Model Question Papers Multiple Choice Questions Important NCERT Questions Assertion-Reason Type Questions Important NCERT Exemplar Problems3 EMINENCE. seer ule) MATHEMATICS STANDARD As Per Latest CBSE Course Structure 2020-21 eran Foy rel Vasey.) 1m Pen Paper Test lultiple Assessment I Model Question Papers lM Multiple Choice Questions (a ASS 1m Important NCERT Questions 1 CBSE Examination Papers-2020 1m CBSE Sample Question Paper-2020 1m Important NCERT Exemplar ProblemsPrinting History: Price: @ ISBN: 5 ene |S Published By: Printed At: Syllabus Covered: Edition: 2020-21 Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi Five Hundred Four Rupees (& 504/-) 978-93-89975-27-7 ‘© Copyright Reserved by the Publishers {All rghts reserved. 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Forbinding mistakes, misprints ‘or for missing pages, etc, the publisher’ ibility is limited to replacement within one month of purchase by tion. All expenses in this connection are to be borne by the purchaser.UNITI: UNIT II: UNIT III: UNIT IV: UNITV: UNIT VI: UNIT VII: Contents PART-A, Number Systems 1, Real Numbers Algebra 2. Polynomials 3, Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables 4, Quadratic Equations 5. Arithmetic Progressions Coordinate Geometry 6. Coordinate Geometry Geometry 7. Triangles 8. Circles 9. Constructions Trigonometry 10. Introduction to Trigonometry 11. Heights and Distances Mensuration 12. Areas Related to Circles 13. Surface Areas and Volumes Statistics & Probability 14, Statistics 15. Probability 20 42 7 106 132 164 200 230 246 275 310 346 390 419LG @ PART-B m Periodic Test - 1 © Pen Paper Test © Multiple Assessment m Periodic Test 2 © Pen Paper Test © Multiple Assessment m Periodic Test 3 © Pen Paper Test © Multiple Assessment ™ CBSE Sample Question Paper (Standard)-2020 m Blue Prints & Model Question Papers 1 to 5 (Unsolved) m CBSE Examination Papers 2020 (30/1/1), (30/1/2) (30/1/3) (Solved) 447 452 458 465 481 483 511Syllabus Course Structure Class - X (Annual Examination) Unit No. Units Name Marks: 80 \ Number Systems 06 f Algebra 20 I | Coordinate Geometry 06 'v___| Geometry 15 V___| Trigonometry 2 Vi [ Mensuration 10 Vil__ | Statistics & Probability u Total 80 UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS. REAL NUMBERS (15) Periods Euclid’s division lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of /2, /3,/5 Decimal representation of rational numbers in. terms of terminating/non-terminating recurring decimals. UNIT Il: ALGEBRA. POLYNOMIALS (7) Periods Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials. Statement and simple problems on division algorithm for polynomials with real coefficients. 2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES (15) Periods Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency. Algebraic: conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination and byctoss multiplication method. Simple situational problems. Simple problems ‘on equations reducible to linear equations. 3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (15) Periods Standard form of a quadratic equation ax” + lx + ¢ = 0, (a # 0). Solutions of ‘quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization and by using quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and natute of roots. Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities to be incorporated.|. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS (8) Periods Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first 2 terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems. UNIT Ill: COORDINATE GEOMETRY LINES (In two-dimensions) (14) Periods Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs of linear equations. Distance formula. Section formula (internal division). Area of a triangle. UNIT IV: GEOMETRY . TRIANGLES (15) Petiods Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles. 1. (Prove) Ifa line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. 2. (Motivate) fa line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratic is parallel to the third side. theline 3. (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar. 4, (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar. 5. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar. 6. (Motivate) Ifa perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to the hypotenuse, the triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and to each other. 7. (Prove) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of their corresponding sides. 8. (Prove) In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides. 9. (Prove) Ina triangle, ifthe square on one side is equal to sum of the squares on the other two sides, the angles opposite to the first side is aright angle. CIRCLES (8) Periods Tangent to a circle at, point of contact 1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. 2. (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.|. CONSTRUCTIONS (8) Periods 1. Division of a line segment in a given ratio (internally). 2, Tangents to a circle from a point outside it. 3. Construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle. UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY (10) Periods Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0° and 90°. Values of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45° and 60°. Relationships between the ratios. . TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES (15) Periods Proof and applications of the identity sin?A + cos"A = 1. Only simple identities, to be given. Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES: Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression. (8) Periods ‘Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30°, 45°, 60°, UNIT Vi: MENSURATION |. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES (12) Periods Motivate the area of a circle; area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120° only. Plane figures involving triangles, simple quadrilaterals and circle should be taken.) SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES (12) Periods 1. Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: ‘cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones. Frustum of a cone. 2. Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and ‘other mixed problems. (Problems with combination of not more than two different solids be taken). UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY STATISTICS (18) Periods Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided). ‘Cumulative frequency graph. PROBABILITY (10) Periods Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability ofan event.Design of Question Paper MATHEMATICS-Standard QUESTION PAPER DESIGN CLASS - X (2020-21) Time: 3 hours ‘Max. Marks: 80 S.No. Typology of Questions Total % Weightage (epprox.) Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating mainideas 8 54% ‘Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way. 19 24% ‘Analysing: Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to supportgeneralizations Evaluating: Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based onaset of criteria. Creating: Compile information together ina different way by combining elements inanew pattern or proposing alternative solutions 18 22% Total 80 100% INTERNAL ASSESSMENT © Pen Paper Test and Multiple Assessment (5+5) © Portfolio 20 Marks 10 Marks (05 Marks © Lab Practical (Lab activities to be done from the prescribed books) 05 MarksPART-A Q ao a a B a BASIC CONCEPTS—A FLOW CHART MORE POINTS TO REMEMBER OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS Multiple Choice Questions e Fill in the Blanks Very Short Answer Questions SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS HOTS [HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS] PROFICIENCY EXERCISE SELF-ASSESSMENT TESTReal Numbers PE et Properties of Real Euclid’ Division Lemma Given postive integers a and, there exist unique integers q and r satisfying an byrnOsred — Euclid’ Division Algorithm ‘This based on Euclds Divsionemms. ‘According to this, the HCF of any two positive integers a and , witha > hisobiained as fallows: ‘Step 1. Apply Euclid dvision lemma toa and bo find and, wherein byt, 0< V7 ional number, Multiple Choice Questions iii CTT] Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. L V7 is (@) an integer () an irrational number (©) a rational number (@) none of these 2. ‘The decimal expansion of the rational number a will terminate after (@) one decimal place (b) two decimal places (©) three decimal places (@) more than three decimal places 3. For some integer g, every odd integer is of the form (NCERT Exemplar] @)q Oqtt © q (d@) +t 4. The product of three consecutive integers is divisible by @>s 6 7 (@) none of these 5. The product of two consecutive integers is divisible by @ 2 3 os @7 6. The largest number which divides 615 and 963 leaving remainder 6 in each case is @ 82 9 © 87 W@ 93 7. n® —1is divisible by 8 ifn is @ an integer (© anatural number (©) an odd integer (d) an even integer 8. The largest number which divides 70 and 125 leaving remainders 5 and 8 respectively is (NCERT Exemplar] @ 13 ) 65 (© 875 @ 1750 9. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = xy and b = xy°;x,y are prime numbers, then. LCM (a, 6) is (NCERT Exemplar] @ xy Oe oxy @ xy 10. The product of a non zero rational and an irrational number is [NCERT Exemplar] (@) always irrational (©) always rational (©) rational or irrational @) one11. The product of two irrational numbe: (@) always irrational (©) always rational (©) rational ot irrational (@) one 12, ‘The decimal expansion of the rational number 15st will terminate after [NCERT Exemplar] (@) one decimal place () two decimal places (©) three decimal places (@) four decimal places 46 18. The decimal expansion of number — 5 — is pales 2PXBXS - . (© terminating () non-terminating repeating (© non-terminating non-repeating (@ none of these 14. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x‘ y* and , b = xy’; x,y are prime numbers, then HCF (a, 6) is @ xy Ov oxy @ ¢y" 15. The exponent of 2 in prime factorisation of 144 is @4 () 5 (6 @s 16. The LCM of two numbers is 1200. Which of the following cannot be their HCF? (@ 600 ©) 500 (© 400 @ 200 17. If3 is the least prime factor of number a and 7 is the least prime factor of number 6, then the least prime factor of (a + 6) is @2 ws 5 @ 10 18. If HCF (26, 169) = 13 then LCM (26, 169) is (a) 26. (b) 52 (c) 338 d) 13 19. 3.37 is (a) an integer (b) a rational number (c) a natural number (d) an irrational number 20. Ifn is any natural number then 6” — 5" always end with @t ws 5 @7 ‘Answers 1.) 20) 8. 4) 5. (a) 6. (©) 7.0 8. (a) 9. (0) 10. (a) AL. (eo) 12. (d) 13. 14. @) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (0) 19. @) 20. (a) ll in the Blanks Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s). 1, Euclid’s Division Lemma is a restatement of 2. Ifevery positive even integer is of the form 2g, then every posit s where q is some integer. 3. v2, /3,v7, etcare numbers. 4, Every point on the number line corresponds to a number. is of the form5. Every real number is either a number or an number. 6. The product of three numbers is to the product of their HGF and LOM. 7. Ifp isa prime number and it divides a” then it also divides » where a is a positive integer. 8. Ifa = bq + r then least value of ris 9, Numbers having non-terminating non-repeating decimal expansion are known as 10. An algorithm which is used to find HCF of two positive numbers is 11. HGF of two numbers is always a factor of their 12. Ois (a rational/an irrational) number. 13. 1 is neither nor number. 14. LCM of the smallest composite number and the smallest prime number is 15. Co-prime number is a set of numbers which have 1 as their Answers 1. long division process 2.441 3. irrational 4, real 5. rational, irrational 6. not equal la 8. zero 9. irrational numbers 10. Euclid’s division algorithm 11. LCM 2. a rational 13. prime; composite 14.4 15. HCF Very Short Answer Questions Sol. 2 Sol. 3 Sol. 4. Sol. Sol. Sol. What is the HCF of the smallest composite number and the smallest prime number? [CBSE 2018} ‘Smallest composite number = 4 ‘Smallest prime number = 2 So, HOF (4, 2 ‘The decimal representation of 35 will terminate after how many places of decimal? 6 8 3B 48 1250 ~ 625 5 2" (Sxay gon 7 0:0048 ‘This representation will terminate after 4 decimal places, ‘The HCF of two numbers a and 6 is 5 and their LCM is 200. Find the product ab. [CBSE 2019 (30)5/2)] We know that Product of two numbers product of their LCM and HCF 200 x 5 = 1000 What is the HCF of 3° x 5 and 3* x 5*? le by 3 and LCM of a and b is P, what is the LCM of HICK of 3° x 5 and 8° x 5?= 8? x 5 Ifa is an odd number, b is not divi 3a and 267 Since a is odd, itis not divisible by 2 (so we need to multiply (from 26) with LCM ofa and b) since bis not divisible by 3 we need to multiply 3 from 3a with LCM of a, b Hence, LCM (Sa and 2h) = 6P If is prime number then, what is the LCM of P, P®, P*? P7. ‘Two positive integers p and q can be expressed as p = ab? and q = a°b, a and b are prime numbers. What is the LCM of p and q? Sol. a°b* 8. A number N when divided by 14 gives the remainder 5. What is the remainder when the same number is divided by 7? Sol. 5, because 14 is multiple of 7. Therefore, remainder in both cases are same. 9. IF HGF (836, 54) = 6. Find LOM (836, 54). [CBSE 2019 (80/2/1)] Sol. LCM x HGF = Product of numbers LOM x 6 = 386 x 54 oy = 33654 LCM = 6 = 3024 10. What are the possible values of remainder r, when a positive integer a is divided by 3? Sol. According to Euclid’s division lemma a = 3q +7, where 0. x > x > #=6. Sol. 7 Sol. Sol. 9. Sol. 10 Case III: When x = 3q + 2 In this case, we have x* = (8 + 2)° = x= 274" + 54g? + 369 +8 = = 99(3q" + 6y +4) +8 => x8 = 9m + 8, where m = q(3q" + 6g + 4) Hence, x" is cither of the form 9m or 9m + 1 or 9m +8. Express the number 0.3178 in the form of rational number $. Le x= 03178 Then x= 0.3178178178... o@) 10x = 8.178178178. oy 10000x = $178.178178... -- i) On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get - = 3175 _ 635 9990 = 3175 =x = S055 = TogE — 635 0.3178 = 1595 Ifn is an odd positive integer, show that (n? — 1) is divisible by 8. {NCERT Exemplar] We know that an odd positive integer’ is of the form (4g + 1) or (4g + 8) for some integer q Case-I: When n = (49 + 1) In this case n®—1 = (4q + 1)" which is clearly divisible by 8. Case-I:When n = (4q + 8) In this ease, we have nal = (4g + 8)PH1 = 1692 + 249 + 8 = 8 (29? + Bq +1) which is clearly divisible by 8. Hence (n* ~ 1) is divisible by 8. Find the value of x, y and z in the given factor tree. Can the value of ‘be found without finding the value of ‘y’ and ‘:"? If yes, explain. 222% 17 = 34:y = 34x 2= 68 and x= 2x 68 = 136 Yes, value of x can be found without finding value ofy or z as x= 2X 2X 2x 17 which are prime factors of x. 16q? + 89 = 84 (24 + 1) 200 Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 6q + 1 or 6q + 3 or 6q + 5, where q is some integer. [NCERT] OR Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 6m + 1 or 6m + 3 or 6m + 5, where m is some integer, [CBSE 2019(30/5/2)) Leta be any positive odd integer and b = 6. Then, by Euclid’s algorithm, a imeger q = Oand 0 <1 <6. ie,, the possible remainders are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 69 + r, for some Thus, a can be of the form 64 or 6y + 1 or 6y + 2 or 6y + 3 or 6y + 4 or 6y +5, where q is some integer. Since a is odd integer, so.a cannot be of the form 67 or 69 + 2 or 6q + 4 (since they are even). Thus, a is of the form 6y + 1 or 6q + 3 or 6g + 5, where q is some integer.10. Sol. Hence, any odd positive integer is of the form 6q + 1 or 6y + 3 or 69 + 5, where q is some integer. OR Let a be any positive odd integer and b = 6. Then, by Euclid’s algorithm, a = 6m + r, for some imteger m > Oand0 432, we apply the division lemma to 960 and 432. We have, 960 = 432 x 2+ 96 Since the remainder 96 # 0, so we apply the division lemma to 432 and 96. We have, 432 = 96 x 4 + 48 Again remainder 48 # 0 so we again apply division lemma to 96 and 48. We have, 96 = 48 x2 +0 ‘The remainder has now become zero, So our procedure stops Since the divisor at this stage is 48. Hence, HGF of 960 and 432 is 48. i.e,, HGF (960, 432) = 48 Gi) Since 12576 > 4052, we apply the division lemma to 12576 and 4052, to get 12576 = 4052 x 3 + 420 ce the remainder 420 # 0, we apply the di jon lemma to 4052 and 420, to get 4052 = 420 x 9 + 272 We consider the new divisor 420 and the new remainder 272, and apply the division lemma to get 420 = 272. X 1+ 148 We consider the new divisor 272 and the new remainder 148, and apply the division lemma to get 272 = 148. x 1 + 124 We consider the new divisor 148 and the new remainder 124, and apply the division lemma tw get 148 = 124 x 1 +24 We consider the new divisor 124 and the new remainder 24, and apply the to get 124= 24x 544 We consider the new get 2=4x640 The remainder has now become zero, so our procedure stops. Since the divisor at this stage 4, the HCF of 12576 and 4052 is 4 Using prime factorisation method, find the HCF and LCM of 30, 72 and 432. Also show that HCF x LCM # product of the three numbers. fen numbers = 30, 72, 432 30 = 2x 3 x 5; 72 = 2° x Sand 432 = 2 x 3° Here, 2' and 3! are the smallest powers of the common factors 2 and 3 respectively. So, HGF (30, 72, 432) = 2! x 8! = 2x 3=6 Again, 2', 3° and 5! are the greatest powers of the prime factors 2, 3 and 5 respectively. sion lemma ivisor 24 and the new remainder 4, and apply the division lemma toSol. Sol. 7. So, LOM (30, 72, 432) = 2" x 3° x 5! = 2160 HCF x LCM = 6 x 2160 = 12960 Product of numbers = 30 x 72 x 432 = 933120 ‘Therefore, HGF x LCM # Product of the numbers. Prove that V5 is an irrational number. [CBSE 2019 (30) Let us assume, to the contrary, that V5 isa Then, there exist co-prime positive integers a and 6 such that tional number. = .020) So, a= 5b Squaring both sides, we have a = 5b? oo) > Bdividesa? = Sdividesa So, we can write a=5e (where ¢ is any integer) Putting the value of a = 5¢ in (), we have Be = 5 = It means 5 divides b? and so 5 divides b. So, 5 is a common factor of both a and b which is a contradiction, So, our assumption that V5 is a rational number is wrong, Hence, we conclude that V5 is an irrational number. Show that 5-/3 is an irrational number. (NCERT] Let us assume that 5 ~ 3 is a rational number. So, 5- v3 may be writen as 5-v3 = 7 Where p and gare integers, having no common factor except | and q # 0. F qa M-P = 5-$- se pee 5 since “=F. js. rational number as p and q are integers. {Sis also a rational number which is a contradiction. Thus, our assumption is wrong. Hence, 5~ ¥8 is an irrational number. ‘Check whether 6" can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n. INCERT] Ifthe number 6", for any n, were to end with the digit zero, then it would be divisible by 5. That , the prime factorisation of 6" would contain the prime 5. But 6" = (2 X 3)" = 2" x 3" so the primes in factorisation of 6" are 2 and 3. So the uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that there are no other primes except 2 and 3 in the factorisation of 6" So there is no natural number » for which 6" ends with digit zero, 13HOTS [Higher Order Thinking Skills] 1. Show that there is no positive integer n for which Vn—1+\n+I is rational. Sol. Let there be a positive integer n for which Yn—1+Jn+1 be rational number. 14 ya-t+ yatta £ where p,q are integers and q # 0 oli) Ss 1 __ ie Jaal+ Jue P Serres “4 = (Wn-1 + Jn+1)x(yn-1-yn¥ 1) P dn=1-Yn¥1 _ 9 > (@=)= FP 5 fazt-Jutt 9 “yeien-l =p 5 mt 1-Yn=1 -t = vant T- yaa = a) Adding (and (i), we get Vecl Veh Wasi vane Ba > ovat = Pe = geime® => — YwF Tis rational numberas byte rational. > Vn +1 is perfect square of positive integer. wafA) Again subtracting (i) from (), we get (nT + Vn nT + na BE > oYnaT= i pa 2q = Yn=T isrational numberas 25% is rational > v¥n—T is also perfect square of positive integer. (B) From (A) and (B) vn +1 and Yn=T are perfect squares of positive integer. It contradict the fact that two perfect squares differ at least by 3. Hence, there is no positive integer n for which Yn—1 + yn #1 is rational. 2. Let a,b,c, k be rational numbers such that k is not a perfect cube. If a + bk’ + ck” then prove that a = b =c =0.Sol. Sol. Given, a+ bk! + ck” = 0 “ Multiplying both sides by k', we have ak’ + OR + ch = 0 ii) Multiplying (i by b and (i) by ¢ and then subtracting, we have (ab + DPR + bek®*) — (ack + bek** + *h) = 0 (Wack + ab- Ch = 0 Bac = 0 and ab-ck = 0 [Since k'® is irrational] % AK WP =ac and ab 8 ac and a’b* = aac) = ck [By putting 6? = ac in a6? = AR] ac-Ke! = 0 @- Hee = 0 ake zZuuuuuuuuyp z aR > This is impossible as kis irrational and is rational ad RE 20 Hence, ¢= 0 Substituting ¢ =0 in 5 -ac = 0, we gerd = 0 Substituting b = Oand c= 0 ina + bk" + ck” Hence, a =0 Find the largest number which on dividing 1251, 9377 and 15628 leaves remainders 1, 2 and 3 respectively. [NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2019 (30/3/3)] Given numbers are 1251, 9877 and 15628 Now as per question, subtract 1, 2 and 3 from respective numbers. 1251-1 = 1250 9377-2 = 9375 156283 = 15625 Now HGF of 1250, 9375 and 15625 is 1250 = 5X5 x 5X5x2 0, we geta = 0 937: 15625 BXSXSXSXSXS BX 5X5X5x5xS 5 od largest number is 625. 15PROFICIENCY EXERCISE 1 Objective Type Questions: [1 mark each] 1. Choose and write the correct option in each of the following questions. ( The 3.27is (@) aninteger (6) arational (6) a natural number (d) an irrational number (i) If@ and b are co-prime numbers then a” and b* are (@) co-prime (@notco-prime (even number (@) odd number (i) The decimal form of = Fa zis (@) terminating (0) non-terminating (©) non-terminating non-repe: (@) none of them (i) For some integer a, every odd integer is of the form (@2a+l 2a atl Wa () Ifthe LCM of p and 18 is 86 and the HF ofp and 18 is 2 then p = @2 ws o4 @1 2. Fill in the blanks. (@ The ratio between the LCM and HCF of 5, 15, 20 is (ii) Ifp is positive prime, then yp isan number. (ii) HCF of 168 and 126 is 15 (iv) The decimal representation of 5p, will verminate after decimal places. (v) If two positive integers a and bare written as. a = x'y" and b = xy"; x, y are prime number then LCM is : Very Short Answer Questions : [1 mark each] 8. Write whether(2¥45 #8120 ..,.mpiieation fives an irrational ora rational number. 2V5 [CBSE 2018 (C) (30/1)) 4, Find the rational number bewween ¥/2 and v7. [CBSE 2019 (30/4/2)] 5. Write the number of zeros in the end ofa number whose prime factorization is a2 x Bx 8? x 17. [CBSE 2019 (30/4/2)] 6. The LCM of two numbers is 9 times their HCF. The sum of LCM and HGF is 500. Find the HCF of two numbers. [CBSE 2019 (©) (30/1/1)] 7. What can you say about the prime factorisation of the denominators of the rational number 0.134? 8 Ar: ynal number in its decimal expansion is 1.711. What can you say about the prime factors of, whén this number is expressed in the form fe 9. State whether 38> has terminating or non-terminating repeating decimal expansion. 29 PX5EXT 11. Iftwo positive integers a and b are written asa = x4? and b = xy, where x,y are prime numbers, then find HCF (a, #). 12. If two positive integers a and b are written asa = xy" and b = x°y, where x, are prime numbers, then find LCM (a, 6). 10. What type of decimal expansion does have? j ‘i js ; 47. 18. Afier how many decimal places will the decimal expansion of the rational number 337 terminate? ° 14, After how many places will the decimal expansion of 482. terminate? 161m Short Answer Questions. 15. 16. 17. 18, 19. 20. 21. 22, [2 marks each] Given that ¥2 is irrational, prove that (5 + 32) is an irrational number [CBSE 2018 (30/1)] (On a morning walk, three persons step out together and their steps measure 30 cm, 36 em and 40 em respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that each ean cover the same distance in complete steps? [CBSE 2019 (30/3/1)] Prove that n® + n is divisible by 2 for any positive integer n. [CBSE 2019 (C) (30/1/1)) The numbers 525 and $000 are both divisible only by 8, 5, 15, 25 and 75, What is HCF (525, 3000)? Justify your answer. Can the numbers 6”, 1» being a natural number end with the digit 5? Give reasons. fen that LCM (26, 165 8, find HCF (26, 169) Write whether every positive integer can be of the form 4q + 2, where q is an integer. Just A positive integer is of the form 3q + 1, q being a natural number. Can you write its square in any form other than 3m + 1 i¢., 3m or 3m + 2 for some integer m? Justify your answer. 28, Find the LCM ofx*~4 and x" ~ 16. 1 Short Answer Questions-II: [8 marks each] 24, Using Euclie’s division algorithm find the HGF of the numbers 867 and 255. [CBSE 2018 (C)) 25. Prove that 2 + 53 is an irrational number, given that 3 isan irrational number. [CBSE 2019 (30/2/1)] 26. Prove that ¥8 is an irrational number, [CBSE 2019 (30/3/1)] 27. Prove that 2 + 3V/3 is an irrational number when itis given that ¥3 is an irrational number. [CBSE 2019 (30/4/2)] 28, Use Euclid’s algorithm to find the HGF of 4052 and 12576. [CBSE 2019 (C) (30/1/1)] 29, Show that 12" cannot end with the digit 0 for any natural number n. [CBSE 2020 (30/5/1)), 30. If the HGF (210, 55) is expressible in the form 210 x 5 ~ 55y, find y. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Find the greatest number that will divide 445,572 and 699 leaving remainders 4, Sand G respectively 5000 non-negative integers. Hence, write its decimal expansion, without actual division. Using prime factorisation method, find the LCM of 21, 28, 36, 45. Find the greatest number of 6 digits exactly divisible by 24, 15 and 36. Rahul takes 24 minutes to complete one round of circular track, while Sahil takes 18 minutes for the same. Suppose they both start at the same time from the same point and go in the same direction. After how many minutes will they meet again at the starting point? Show that 9" cannot end with the digit 2 for any n € N. Express 3825 as product of its prime factors using factor tree. Show that the square of any odd integer is of the form 49 + 1, for some integer 4. Show that 2V3 is an irrational number. The length, breadth and height of room are 8 m 25 em, 6 m 75 em and 4 m 50 em respectively. Determine the longest rod which can measure the three dimensions of the room exactly. Ona morning walk, three persons step off together and their steps measure 40 cm, 42 em and 45 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that each can cover the same distance in complete steps? INCERT Exemplar] Write the denominator of the rational number in the form 2" x 5", where m,n are Find the LCM and HGF of 336 and 54 and verify that LCM x HCF = Product of the wo numbers. Find the largest number which divides 318 and 739 leaving remainder 3 and 4 respectively 171 Long Answer Questions: [4 marks each] 44. Show that cube ofa positive integer of the form 6y + r,q is an integer and r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is also of the form 6m + r. 45. Show that one and only one out of n,n + 4,n + 8,n + 12 andn + 16 is divisible by 5, where n is any positive integer. (Hint: Any positive integer can be written in the form of 5g, 5g + 1, 54 + 2, 5q + 8, 54 + 4) 46. Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive integer is either of the form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m. 47, Show that the square of an odd positive integer can be of the form 67 + 1 or 67 + 3 for some integer 4. [NCERT Exemplar] 48. Prove that 2+Y5 is an irrational number. 49. Show that 3-¥% is an irrational number. 50. Show that yp + V/q isan irrational number, where p, gare primes. 51. Prove that v5 rational number and hence show that 3 + 75 is also an irr 52. For any positive integer n, prove that n* —n is divisible by 6. Answers 1.) (ii) (a) (ait) (©) (jv) (@) (v) © 2. (12:1 i) irrational Gi) 49 (iv) 4 wx? 3. Rational 4, Any rational number between 1.4 and 2.6. 5. two. 6. HCF = 50 7. Since 0.134 has non-terminating repeating decimal expansion, its denominator has factors other than 2 or 5. 8. has the factors ofthe form 2 X 5" for whole numbers and m. 9. ‘Terminating 10. Non-terminating repeating UL. xy 12 xy? 13.3 43 16. 360m 18, HCF = 75, as HCF is the highest common factor. 19. No, because 6" = (2 x 3)" = 2" x3", 20. 13 21. No, because an integer ean be written in the form 4g, 4g + 1, 4g + 2,4y +3. 22. No, (3 + 1)? = 99? + 6y + 1 = 38g? + 29) 4 1 = 3m + 1 23. (x + 4) *—4) 24, HCP = 51 28.4 30. 19 31. 63 82, 2°54, 0.0514 88. 1260 34, 9,09,720 {3} jA2] 5 35. 72 minutes 37, [3225 } wae _[ as Fas 41, 2520cm 42. HCF=6, LOM=3024 43. 105 SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST Time allowed: 1 hour Max, marks: 40 SECTION A 1. Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. (@x1=4) . where x, y are prime so the only primes in the factorisation of 6" are 2 and 3, and not 5. 40. 75m (@ If wo positive integers @ and b are written as a = xy" and b = numbers, then LM (a, 6) is (a) ey? (xy oxy (d) none of these (ii) If the HGF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form 65m -117, then the value of m is @a4 O)2 @iL @3 18(iii) The product ofa non-zero rational and an irrational number is (@) always rational _(b) always irrational (c) one (@) rational or irrational (iv) Euclid’s division lemma states that for two positive integers a and 6, there exist unique integers q and r such that a = by + r, where r must satisfy (NCERT Exemplar] (@ I 0 are (@) both positive (b) both negative (©) one positive one negative (@) can't say 3. If the zeros of the quadratic polynomial x* + (a + 1)x + 6 are 2 and -3, then{NCERT Exemplar] 22 @a= @a 1b )a=5,b=-1 @ a=0,b=-65 10. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Given that one of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial ax‘ + bx” + cx + d is zero, the product of the other two zeros is [NCERT Exemplar] @ -— OF wo -> If one of the zeros of a quadratic polynomial of the form x” + ax +b is the negative of the other, then it (a) has no linear term and the constant term is negative. (b) has no linear term and the constant term is positive. (©) can have a linear term but the constant term is negative. (@) can have a linear term but the constant term is positive If one of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial (k - 1) x? + kx + 1 is — 8, then the value of k is INCERTExenplar] @ + o> oF OF ‘The number of polynomials having zeros as ~ 2 and 5 is [NGERT Exemplar] @1 2 8 (@ more than 3 Ifone of the zeros of the cubic polynomial x* ax? + bx + c is 1, then the product of the other two zeroes is {NCERT Exemplar] (@ b-a+1 Wb-a-1 (a-b+1 @a-b-1 If one root of the polynomial p(y) = 5y* + 13y + m is reciprocal of other, then the value of m is 5 ; 1 @6 wo 5 Os Given that two of the zeros of the cubic polynomial ax’ + bx* + cx + d are 0, the value of c is (@) less than 0 () greater than 0 (@) equal to 0 (@) cant say A quadratic polynomial with 3 and 2 as the sum and product of its zeros respectively is (a) x° + 8x=2 (b) x= 3x +2 (8-243 @) = 26-3 A quadratic polynomial, whose zeros are 5 and - 8 is (a) 7+ 13x40) x + ae (0) x°- 3x + 40 (d) x* + 8x-40 ‘The number of polynomials having zeros 1 and -2 is @t 2 os (@ more than 3 ‘The zeros of the quadratic polynomial x* + kx +k, k #0 (@) both cannot be positive ( both cannot be negative (©) are always equal (d) are always unequal ‘The degree of the remainder r(x) when p(x) = bx° + cx +d is divided by a polynomial of degree 4 is (@) less than 4 (©) less than 3 (© equal wo 3 (@) less than or equal to 3 If the graph of a polynomial intersects the x-axis at exactly two points, then it (@) cannot be a linear or a cubic polynomial (®) can be a quadratic polynomial only (©) can be a cubic or a quadratic polynomial (@ canbe a linear or a quadratic polynomial 2317. fone zero of the quadratic polynomial x°-5x + k is— 4, then the value of k is @ 36 36 18 W@-18 18. Ifa polynomial of degree 6 is divided by a polynomial of degree 2, then the degree of the quotient is (@) less than 4 (0) less than 2 (©) equal to 2 (@) equal to4 19. Which of the following is not the graph of a quadratic polynomial? INCERT Exemplar] (@) yf o © d) ~T| Fig. 23 (ato a) 20. A quadratic polynomial with sum and product of its zeros as 8 and -9 respectively is (a) 86 +9 () 8-9 (0) #7 +8%-9 @) + 8x49 ANSWERS 1 @ 2 (0) 8d) 4. 0) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. @) 8. (a) 9% (0) 10. (©) 11. 12. @) 13. @) 14. @ 15. (¢) 16. (©) 17.) 18. (@) 19. (@) 20. (6) ll in the Blanks Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s). 1 is not equal to zero when the divisor is not a factor of dividend. 2. The algebraic expression in which the variable has non-negative integral exponents only is called BA isa polynomial of degree 0. 4, We get the original polynomial if we multiply the together. 5. The highest power of a variable in a polynomial is called its 246A polynomial is of degree one. 7. A cubic polynomial is of degree 8. equation is valid for all values of its variables. 9. A linear polynomial is represented by a 10. Degree of remainder is always than degree of divisor. 11. Degree ofa polynomial is not defined. 12. Graph of a quadratic polynomial is a 13. Sum of zeros of a quadratic polynomial hx” + ex + a is 14, A quadratic polynomial can have atmost zeros. 15. Number of zeros that a polynomial f(x) = (x - 2)” +4 can have is Answers 1. Remainder 2. Polynomial 3. Constant 4. Factors 5. Degree 6. Linear 7. Three 8. Identity 9 straight line 10. smaller/ less Ll. zero 12. Parabola 13. = 14.2 15. two b Very Short Answer Questions ‘p&) for some polynomials (for questions 1 to 4) are given below. Find the number [NCERT] 4. Fig.26 Fig.27 25Sol. 1. There is no zero as the graph does not intersect the x-axis. 2. The number of zeros is four as the graph intersects the x-axis at four points. 3. The number of zeros is three as the graph intersects the x-axis at three points. 4. The number of zeros is three as the graph intersects the x-axis at three points, Answer the following questions and justify your answer: (Q. 5 —Q. 7) 5 Sol. 6. Sol. Sol. 8. Sol. 9. Sol. 10. Sol. . Sol. 12. Sol. 13. Sol. 14. Sol. 15. Sol. 26 What will be the quotient and remainder on division of ax” + bx + c by px’ + gx” + rx + 5, p # 0? 0, ax* + bx + c; as degree of divisor is greater than degree of dividend. If on division of a polynomial p(x) by a polynomial g(x), the quotient is zero, what is the relation between the degrees of p(x) and g(s)? Since the quotient is zero, therefore deg pa) < deg g(x) Can x2 be the remainder on division of a polynomial p(x) by x + 3? No, as degree (x2) legree (« + 3) Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are -3 and 4, {NCERT Exemplar] Sum of zeros = -3 +4 = 1, Product of zeros = ~3 x 4 = -12 . Required polynomial = x? -x~ 12 If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x" — 5x 6 is 6 then find the other zero. Let a, 6 be the zeros of given polynomial. Then a +6 1 If both the zeros of the quadratic polynomial ax” + bx + c are equal and opposite in sign, then find the value of 6. Let a and ~a be the roots of given polynomial =a Thena+(-a)=0 > What number should be added to the polynomial x* - 5x + 4, so that 3 is the zero of the polynomial? Let fix) =? Then /(3) 2 For f(3) to be zero, 2 must be added to f(x). +4 P-5x S44 Can a quadratic polynomial x + kx + k have equal zeros for some odd integer k > 1? No, for equal zeros, #® — 4k = 0 ork = 0,4 = k should be even. If the zeros of a quadratic polynomial ax” + bx + ¢ are both negative, then can we say a, b and call have the same sign? Justify your answer. c f>0 at only one point, can it be a quadratic eee sun orev <0, 10 that > 0, abso tne product ofthe seros If the graph of a polynomial intersects the x-a polynomial? Yes, because every quadratic polynomial has at the most two zeros, If the graph of a polynomial intersects the x-axis at exactly two points, is it necessarily a quadratic polynomial? No, x4~ 1 isa polynomial intersecting the x-axis at exactly two points.Sol. Sol. Sol. Sol. Sol. Sol. Sol. 8. Sol. If one of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(s opposite in sign of the other, find the value of k. Let one root of the given polynomial be a. 4x* — 8kx - 9 is equal in magnitude but Then the other root = = a Sum of the roots = (-a) +a =0 = to o %a0 o kao Ifone of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial (k + 2)3? + kx + 4 is —4, then find the value of ke Since ~ 4 is a zero of the given polynomial (k +2) (4) +h(-4)+4=0 > 16k + 32-4k +4=0 12k 36, k=-3 If 1 is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = ax" - 3(a - 1)x-I, then find the value of a. Put x = Lin p(x) pl) = a(1)?-3@-1) x 1-1=0 = a-3a+3-1=0 >-M=2>a=1 If a and B are zeros of polynomial p(x) = x* - 5x + 6, then find the value of a + B - 3aB. Here, a+B= op =6 > a+ B-%ap x6 Find the zeros of the polynomial p(x) = 4x” - 12x + 9. 2) = 4x" — 12x +.9'= (x3) For zeros, p(s) = => @x-¥2r-3)=0 33 If one root of the polynomial p(y) = 7y* + 14y + m is reciprocal of other, then find the value ofm. L L)_m Let the roots be aand 4. Then a()= or 1= orm =7 If aand Bare zeros of p(x) = x? + x- 1, then find ate Here, + B= =I, of = If and f are zeros of the polynomial f(s) = ax? +bx + c, then find 7 € @ Given : f(x) = ax? + bx + ¢ 279. If the product of two zeros of the polynomial p(x) = 2x° + 6x* — 4x + 9 is 3, then find its third zero. Sol. Let a, B, y be the roots of the given polynomial and af = 3 9 -9 3 Then aBy > 3xr oy 2 2 10. Find the quadratic polynomial sum and product of whose zeros are ~1 and -20 respectively. Also find the zeros of the polynominal so obtained. [CBSE 2019, (30/4/2)] Sol. Let and B be the zeros of the quadratic polynomial. Sum of zeros, a + B= ~1 -20 Now, quadratic polynomial be (a+ B).x+ a8 and product of zeros, «. B xP (1) x= 20 xtx-20 Now, for zeros of this polynominal x Hx-20=0 = P+ 5r-4x-20=0 > x&+5)-4 +5) =0 => &+5)@-4)=0 > x=-54 zeros are~5 and 4 Short Answer Questions-II Find the zeros of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients (Q. 1+ Q. 2). 1, 6x*-3-7% {NCERT)] Sol. We have, p(x) = 6x7 =3 - 7x pls), = Gx? - 7x - 3. (In general form) 28 6x? — Ox + 2823 = By x3) + 1 e-3) = @e-3) Bet 1) The zeros of polynomial pix) given by pO) = 0 > (& Grt+I)=0 > Thus, the zeros of 6x*—Tx-S.are a= 3 and B= —b Now, sum of the zeros = a+B= (Coefficient of x) aro Coefficient of x* = (Coefficient of x) Therefore, sum of the zero: Coefficient of x° Ha) 1 2 Again, product of zeros = at. Constant term _ -3 and -Constantterm= _ = Coefficient ofx* ©Constant term ‘Therefore, product of zeros = —ORS@RLtcrm. Hence verified, Coefficient of x 2. du? + 8u INCERT] Sol. We have, plu) =4u?+8u > plu) = du (w+ 2) The zeros of polynomial p(u) is given by plu) =0 = duu+2)=0 u=0,-2 ‘Thus, the zeros of 4u? + 8u are a = 0 and B Now, sum ofthe zeros = a +B = 0-2 (Coefficient of w) and : Coefficient of w Therefore, sum of the zeros Coefficient of u? Again, product of the zeros = a. B= 0 x (-2) = 0 Constant term _ 0 and —eoastantterm Og Coefficient of u” 4 Therefore, product of zeros = Constant Coefficient of w Hence verified 3. Check whether the first polyn polynomial by the first polynomial: (2 43eF LSet F5O HW +D § P-3,2° + 3° Sol. (i) Wehave, _3x2_ 4x +2 x2 + Sx + 1) 3x4 + 5x? 7x? + e+ 2 Bats Ox? + ay? a factor of the second polynomial by dividing the second 2-91-12 [NCERT) ~Ax® —10x? + 2x gdx’ 5190? Ede Qe + Gx +2 Pe 6x42 0 Clearly, remainder is zero, sox + 3x + 1 is a factor of polynomial 3x* + 5x" = 7x" + 2x + 2. (i) We have, QP + B+ 4 2-3) 20 #9 2? — 91-12 Clearly, remainder is zero, so f — 3 is a factor of polynomial 2¢* + 3° — 2¢* - 91 — 12. 29Sol. Sol. 6. Sol. 30 Ifa. and B are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 2x” - 5x + 7, find a polynomial whose zeros are 2a + 3B and 3a + 28. Since a and f are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial /(x) = 2x” a+B Let S and P denote respectively the sum and product of the zeros of the required polynomial Then, $= (2a + 3B) + (3a + 2B) = 5(a + B) = axd a) and P= (2a + 38) (Sa + 28) > P = 60" + 6B" + L3af = 6a" + 6B + 1208 + of 6(a? + B? + 20) + af = 6(a +B)’ + of. = prox(8)+2- Balog Hence, the required polynomial g(x) is given by glx) (x® — Sx + P) 25 or gtx) =h{x xt 41), where & is any non-zero real number. 2 ‘What must be subtracted from p(x) = 8x* + 14x*—2x" + 7x~ 8 so that the resulting polynomial is exactly divisible by g(x) = 4x" + 3x = 2? Lety be subtracted from polynomial p(x) 8x! + 14x" — 2x” + 7x ~8—) is exactly divisible by g(x) co 2x2 + Bea 4x? + 8x2) 8x" + 1a — 20? + Tx Bett x? pax? ae + 4 Tx 8 Be) $ Gx" x dx ~ 4x24 x-8-y pax’ s Beg? V4x-10-y Remainder should be 0. 14x 10-7 =0 or | M4x-10=y ory = I4x-10 :, Hence (14x ~ 10) should be subtracted from p(x) so that it will be exactly divisible by g(x). ‘What must be added to fix) = 4x‘ + 2x - 2x + x - 1 so that the resulting polynomial is divisible by g(x) = 7 + 2-3? By division algorithm, we have Li) = glx) x q(x) + rie) = fe) re) = ge) x qe) = Sls) + (-r(@)} = gle) x qe) Clearly, RHS is divisible by g(x). Therefore, LHS is also divisible by g(x). Thus, if we add -r@) to JG), then the resulting polynomial is divisible by g(x). Let us now find the remainder when fix) is divided by g(x).7 Sol. 8. Sol. 4x? 6x + 29 xP + 2-3) 4x4 + Os? On? + x Ax! + 8x9 F125" 6x? + 10x" +. BGs? $120? 5 18 220" —17x- 298" 4 Ade = 66 ix + 65 r(x) = 61x + 65 or -r(x) Hence, we should add -r(x) = 61x ~ 65 to f(x) so that the resulting polynomial is divisible by g(x). Ix Find the zeros ofthe quadratic polynomial 7 --y - and verify the relationship between zeros and the cofficients. [CBSE 2019, (80/2/1)] 7 U2 Given: ps) = 7y*--y-y = Laye-iy-n = Leni 2 1 1 = gly By 2) + 1By—2)) = 3 (79 + 1)GBy—2) Equating p(x) = 0 = ta+n@-2=0 Now, sum of zeros = Z a and product of zeros = 5 => = 57 1, ae -2 a Hence verified. If a and B are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial fix) = x*- 4x +3, find the value of ap? +a7Bt. [CBSE 2019, (30/4/1)] Given quadratic polynomial is fice) = x2 — 4x + 3 *. Sum of zeros = a +B >) a+pH4 and product of zeros, a8 a? +B? = (a+ B)*-208 = a? +B*= (4)"-2x3 = 16-6 = 10 Now, aB* + aB' = a°B?(a" + B%) = (3)?x10 = 9x10 = 90 a*B? + a?Bt = 90 319. Ifone zero of the polynomial 3x° - 8x + 2k + 1 is seven times the other, find the value of k. Sol. Let o and be the zeros of the polynomial. Then as per question B = 7a Now sum of zeros = a + B= a+ 70 = +2) > ga=5 or a= Qk+1 3 L 3 and xB =ax7a = = > > kee 3 10. For what value of k, is the polynomial f(x) = 3x'- 9x* + x°+ 15x + k completely divisible by 3x5? Sol. f(x) = 3x-9x? +27 + 15x +h gG) = 3x75 Since f(x) is completely divisible by g(x), r () = 0 therefore by long division ate Pox HIB + Meta Br - 2 nse +64 [Be + k po tx eth 6e = 10 ws b+ 10= 7) But rix) = 0 A+ 10 => ok=-10 11. If one zero of polynomial (a® + 9)x" + 13x + 6a is reciprocal of the other, find the value of a. Sol. Let one zero of the given polynomial be a. Then, the other zero is Product of zeros = ax L=1 But, as pet the given polynomial product of zeros 6a < > @+9=60 a+9 > @ bat > = > Hence, a 12. If the polynomial (x* + 2x° + 8x” + 12x + 18) is divided by another polynomial (x + 5), the remainder comes out to be (px + q). Find values of p and q. Sol. Let fix) = (x + 2x" + 8x" + 12x + 18) and gix) = (x” + 5) On dividing fiw) by g(x), we get 32PH +3 xP 45) xT + Ox) + Bx? + De + 18 Bx? + Qe + 18 Be 415 +S Now, prt q=2+3> p=2q Long Answer Questions 1, Verify that the numbers given alongside the cubic polynomial below are its zeros. Also verify (By comparing the coefficient of x and constant term). the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients. [NCERT] 4x8 + 5x 252,1,1 Sol. Let p(x) = x*- 4x" + 5x-2 ‘On comparing with general polynomial p(x) = ax* + bx* + cx +d, we geta = 1,b=-4,¢ = Sand d=-2. Given zeros 2, 1, p(2) = (2) - 42? + 5@) -2 = 8-16 + 10-2 =0 and pA) = (1) =4(1)? + 5(1) - 2 = 1-4 + 5-2 =0. Hence, 2, | and 1 are the zeros of the given cubic polynomial. Again, consider a = 2, B=1,y= 1 a+B+y=2+14+1=4 (Coefficient of x2) and atB+y Coefficient ofx —® af + By + ya = (2) (1) + (1) (1) + (1) 2) and ap + py +ya = —Coellicient ox _ Coefficient of x? aBy = (2) (I) (1) =2 and oBy == Coefficient of x 2. Find a cubic polynomial with the sum of the zeros, sum of the products of its zeros taken two at a time, and the product of its zeros as 2, ~7, ~14 respectivel INCERT] Sol. Let the cubic polynomial be p(x) = ax* + bx® + ox + d. Then $45,242,448) P+ bP + on+d] 333 Sol. Sol. Then, Sol. 34 pe) = ab? + 2p? + Te + M4] > ple) Saf? xe + 14] For real value of a = 1, p(x) Qt Ie + 14 Find the zeros of the polynomial f(x) = x* ~ 5x” - 2x + 24, if i two zeros is 12. Let a, B and y be the zeros of polynomial f(x) such that a = -b _-(-5) T is given that the product of its Wehave, a+B+7. a8 + By + ya. 2 Putting af = 12 in apy = -24, we get 1ay = -24 = Now, a+B+y7 > > a+p=7 = => (7-P)P=12 [v P= 1] > > B= 7B + 12 > B= 3p-4p + 12=0 > BB-3)-4G-3)= > G-4)(B-3)=0 > B=4 or B= a=3 ora So, zeroes of fix) are 3, 4,—2 If the remainder on division of x — kx* + 13x - 21 by 2x — 1 is -21, find the quotient and the value of k. Hence, find the zeros of the cubic polynomial x — kx” + 13x. Let f(x) = x kx? + 13x - 21 s Az) (a)-4( es a =0 = x + 13x — Now, fix) = q(x)(2x-1)-21 x? + 18e—21=q(x)(2x—1)-21 = ~26x + 13x 539 26x" + 13x = (8 BPs 1a) + @-n=9@) Bee ie, SB +13 Oe 1) (p*-13)=Fx(2e-1) 26) Jx(2x-1)&-26)=0 = x=0, 4,26 For zeros, & ES and ~)/5 INCERT] Since two zeros are is a factor of the given polynomial Now, we divide the given polynomial by (x23) to obtain other zeros,So, x4 + 6x? Now, ax? + 6x +3 So its zeros are-1, 1 ‘Thus, all the zeros of given polynomial are 5/3, 5/3 ,-1 and -1. 6. Given that V2 is a zero of the cubic polynomial 6x + /2x" - 10x — 4/2 , find its other zeros. {NCERT Exemplar] Sol. The given polynomial is f(x) = (6x* + /2x* 10x —4y2). Since ¥2 is the zero of f(x), it follows that (x - 2) isa factor of fix). On dividing f(x) by (&-/2), we get Gx? + 7x4 x- V2) 6x5 + V2x? ~10e- 4/2 6x5 > 6y24 702" 10x _TV2x? = 14x 4x—4y2 pez sve = 10x (v3) ox + 6+ 9) 36? + 2x + 1) = 3@ + IP = 36+ DE +) 0 fl) =O = (e-V2)(Gx2+7V2x44)=0 => (e- V2) BVBx +4) (VBx+1)=0 x-y2=0, 3/2x+4=0, y2x+1=0 Hence, x= y2,x 2 RE ana all zeros of f(x) are v2, ae an HOTS [Higher Order Thinking SKils] 1. Ifa, B,y be zeros of polynomial 6x* + 3x” - 5x + 1, then find the value of a”! + 6! + 7". Sol. po) = Gx’ + 3x? 5x + 1 so a 3c=5.d=1 Band y are zeros of the polynomial p(x). atpty=te Set aB + ary + By = and By = Now ottpteytetyt La stterted 56, a*py ‘apy -16 2. Find the zeros of the polynomial f(s) = x° - 12x? + 39x 28, iit is given that the zeros are in AP. Sol. Let a, B,y are the zeros of). Ifa, B, are in AP, then, 35Sol. 36 p-a=y-B > Beaty @ a+B+ From (i) and (i) 2B=12-B or 3B=12 or pad Putting the value of Bin (i), we have =12 > aty=12-p ii) ae (i 28) apy = - 4 = E209 (ay4=28 or ay=7 or y=o tiv) Putting the value of y= in (ii), we get => seatz > 8a=a?+7 > a?-8a+7=0 > @?-7a-la+7=0 = ala-7)-1(a-7)=0 => (@-N)@-7)= > elo ing a = Lin (iv), we get Putting a = 7in (i), we get z a or ory and B and B + zeros are 1,74 “zeros are 7,4, 1 Hence zeros are 1, 4,7 or7, 4, 1 If the polynomial fix) = x* - 6x + 16x" - 25x + 10 is divided by another polynomial x? — 2x + ky the remainder comes out to be x + a. Find k and a. [NCERT] By division algorithm, we have Dividend = Divisor X Quotient + Remainder = _ Dividend = Remainder = Divisor x Quotient = _ Dividend — Remainder is always divisible by the divisor, When f(s)=x! ~ 6x'+ 16x" ~ 25x+ 10 is divided by x” ~ 2x-+k the remainder comes out to bex + a. (fi) = Ge + a) = x" — Gx* + 16x = 25x + 10-(& + a) 6x + 16x*— 25x + 10—x—a is exactly divisible by x” - 2x + k Let us now divide — x*— 6x" + 16x” — 26x + 10 -a by xnav + ( xt 2+ k)x Gx + 16x Fouty k? = 4x? + (16 ~ k)x" - 26x + 10-0 Fae 8x pay (8-#)x" - (26 4h)x + 10-a + (8-k)x” 5 (16 - 2k)x + (8k - A?) (-10+2h)x + (10-a—8k + #°) For f(x) ~ (@v + a) = x" 6x" + 16x" ~ 26x + 10 ~ -10 + 2k =Oand 10-a-8k +k =0 and 10-a-40 + 25 =0 and a 8+ 16x*— 26x + 10-4 Qe +k, 26x + 10-aPROFICIENCY EXERCISE 1 Objective Type Questions: [1 mark each] 1. Choose and write the correct option in each of the following questions. ( If2 and a are zeros of 2x” ~ 6x + 2 then the value of a is @2 (3 ol dys (i) If two of the zeros of the cubie polynomial ax? + bx? + cx + d are 0, then the third zero is b c -d -6 Og oF os OF (iii) The product of the zeros of the polynomial 4x” + 3x + 7 is 3 3 7 oF =F OF ® () A quadratic polynomial with sum and product of its zeros as 8 and ~ 9 respectively is @) 2-8 +9 ()x* = 8x-9 (©)? + 8x=9 (x? + 8x49 (v) Ione of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial (k ~ 1) x* + kx + 1 is=3, then the value of k is 4 4 2 On oF OF 2. Fill in the blanks. (i Ifthe product of zeros of the polynomial x” - 9x + a is 8, then its zeros are and (ii) If the polynomial p(x) = x*— kx® + 3x + 2 is exactly divisible by (x + 1) then the value of k is (iti) Zeros of the quadratic polynomial ~ 15 are and (®) IfB isa zero of fe) then is one of the factors of fx). (®) Graph ofa cubic polynomial cuts x-axis at atmost points. = Very Short Answer Questions: [ mark each] 3. [fone zero of the quadratic polynomial x* + x —2 is -2, find the other zero. 4, Find the other zero of the quadratic polynomial y® + 7y - 60 if one zero is -12. 5. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are - 8 and ~ 5. 6. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are 2 and ~ 6. 7. What number should be added to the polynomial x? + 7x ~ 35 so that 3 is the zero of the polynomial? The graph of y = p(x) for some polynomials (Q 8 to 9) are given below. Find the number of zeros in each case. 8 37asl >> po 10. Can y + 5 be the remainder on division of a polynomial fiy) by y ~ 2? 11, Can x*— I be the quotient on division of x" + 2x° + x 1 by a polynomial in x of degree 5? 12. [fon division of a polynomial p(x) by a polynomial g(x), the quotient is zero, what is the relation between the degrees of p(x) and g(x)? 13. Ifone zero of the quadratic polynomial ps 2 + Alee—25 is negative of the other, find the value of k. hort Answer Questions-I: [2 marks each] 14. Ifa, Bare the zeros of the polynomial f(g) = «2— 3x + 2, then find + 8 18. Ifaand © are the zeros of polynomial 4x” ~ 2x + (k-4), then find the value of k. 16, If the sum of the zeros of the polynomial /(x) = 2x" — 3kx* + 4x ~5 is 6, then find the value of k. 17. If Lis the zero of the quadratic polynomial x° + kx 5, then find the value of 18. Find the zeros of the polynomial 5y” — I ly + 2. 19. Ione of the zeros ofthe quadratic polynomial (k= 2) — 2e— (k-+ 5) is4, find the value ofk 20. Ifa, Bare the zeros of the polynomial x* +.x~6, find the value of — # ; ion of x* + 2x” + kx + 8 by x—3 is 21, find the quotient and the value of k. 21. Ifthe remainder on di 22. Ifa, Bare the two zeros of the polynomial /iy) = y°~ 8y + @ and a? + f = 40, find the value of a. 2 + x—1, then find a°B + af”. 23. Ifaand Pare zeros of p(x) ™ Short Answer Questions-II: [3 marks each] 38 24, Ifthe sum of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = Ax? + 2x + 3k is equal to their product, find the value of ke 25. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and product of the zeros respectively. 201 -3 a1 5 Og Pee @) 6 Also find the zeros of those polynomials by factorisation, 26, Find the zeros of the following polynomials and verify the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients of the polynomials. (ii) 0,-4V3, ii) (se + 4-4 ( 9-by-F (i) p? 30 (iv) V8x? - 11x + 6 V3 (wv) a(e® + 1) x(a? +1) (wi) 6x? +x-2 27. Check whether g(x) is a factor of p(x) os dividing the frst polynomial by the second polynomia: (ple) = 4x8 + Be + 8+ 7, ge) = Bex + 1(i) ple) = x4 5x +6, gly) = 2-3? (ii) pls) = 13x" - 190" + 12k + 14, ge) = 2-2? 28. If (e—2) is.a factor of x* + ax® + bx + 16 and b = 4a, find the values of @ and b. 29, Ifa and B are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 3x" — 5x - 2, then evaluate a® + Bp. 30. If a and B are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial fit) = — p(t + 1) ~ 6, show that (a+) B+ I=1-c 31, What must be subtracted from x* divisible by x? +x + 1? 6x + 13x ~ 6 so that the resulting polynomial is exactly 32. What must be added to f(x) = x + 2x" 2x" + x ~ 1, so that the resulting polynomial is divisible by g(x) =x? + 2x-3? 83. If the zeros of the quadratic polynomial x* + (a + I)x + b are 2 and — 8, then find a and 6. 34. Find the zeros of the polynomial x” + 2 and verify the relation between the coefficients and the zeros of the polynomial, [NCERD Exemplar] : 2 5 zeros of 3x" ~ 15x° + 13x” + 25x — 30 if two of its zeros are -/2 38. Ohsinallaeonofte!- 182 + 1+ 2-0 ite Mare ave Zand [CBSE 2018 (C) 30/1] 36, Find the value of k such that the polynomial x*—(& + 6) x + 2 (2 k—1) has sum of its zeros equal to half of their product. [CBSE 2019 (C) 30/1/1) 87. Check whether g(x) 8 _ ax’ +x? + Sx +1, g(x) =x*— 3x + 1 [CBSE 2019 (C) 30/3/1) 14x” ~ 2x + 24 iftwo of its zeroes are V2 and -¥2. [CBSE 2019 (C) 30/3/1] 3x + 2 isa factor of the polynomial a factor of p(x) by dividing polynomial p(x) by polynomial g(x), where p(y 88. Find all the zeros of the polynomial x* + x’ 39. Apply division algorithm to check if g(x) = fie) = x4 208 9+ 2. [CBSE 2019 (C) 30/3/2) 40. Find all the zeroes of 2x‘ — 13x" + 19x" + 7x — 3, if you know that two of its zeroes are 2+ 3 and2— 3. [CBSE 2019 (C) 30/1/1] 1 Long Answer Questions: [4 marks each] 41. Given that x- V5 isa factor of the cubic polynomial x°—3 75 x* + 13x—-3 ¥5, find all the zeros of the polynomial INCERT Exemplar] + Lx +5, then find 42. Ifaand B are zeros of polynomial f(x) = Wate Bt | @ E+ —208 43. Ifa.and B are the zeros of the polynomial /(x) = 4x° — 5x + 1, find a quadratic polynomial whose of B 44, On dividing the polynomial f(x) = x° - 5x® + 6x - 4 by a polynomial g(x), the quotient and remainder are x ~ 8 and ~Sx + 5 respectively. Find the polynomial g(x). 45. Verify that the numbers given alongside the cubic polynomials below are their zeros. Also verify the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients. (x8 — 2x? — 5x + 6; -2,1,3 ii) 2x + 7A? + Be shy > 46. (i) Obtain all other zeros of 2x* + 7x* - 19x” - 14x + 30, if wo of its zeros are V2 and -y2 (i) Obtain all other zeros of 2x* + x* - Gx ~ 3, if two of its zeros are -/3 and 3. zerosare Sand « 39