Fundamentals in Nursing Lecture Outline on Communication

A. Definition
Communication is: a lifelong learning process; ongoing and continuously changing process;
more personal connotation than the iterchange of ideas or thoughts; exvhanging of information
between two or more people; basic component of human relationship

B. Elements of Communication process

b.1 sender and receiver
b.2 referent – motivates on person to communicate with one another ( sights, sounds,
sensations, perceptions, ideas are examples of cues to initiate communication)
b.3 channels (means of sending and receiving messages through visual,auditory and tacticle
senses.
b.4 response/feedback (understanding the meaning of message by sender/receiver)
b.5 message

C. Modes/ Forms of Communication

c.1 Verbal communication
c1.1pace and intonation
c.1.2 simplicity
c.1.3 clarity and brevity
c.1.4 timing and relevance
c.1.5 adaptability
c.1.6 credibility
c.1.7 humor
c.2 Non Verbal Communication ( body language)
c.2.1 personal appearance
c.2.2 posture and gait
c.2.3 eye contact
c.2.4 facial expression
c.2.5 gestures
c.2.6 sounds
c.3 Electronic Communication
c.3.1 E-mail

D. Factors affecting communication process

d.1 development (stages across the lifespan )
d.2 gender
d.3 values and perception
d.4 personal space
d.5 teritorriality
d.5 roles and relationships
d.6 environment
d.7 congruence
d.8 interpersonal attitudes
 d.9 boundaries
E. Basic communication techniques
d.1 therapeutic
d.2 non therapeutic
*** Understand the description and its examples for each technique
Note: Complete and Comprehensive discussion on communicating concept is located at chapter
26, page 411-423, Kozier 10th Ed.
For others who dont have copy yet, kindly request to your classmates to send this in pdf form,
Thank you.

Additional notes: BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

A. Physiological barrier
1. difficulty in hearing
2. difficulty in vision
3. difficulty in expression
B. Psychological barrier
1. Emotional disturbance
2. Fear
3. level of intelligence
4. ego
C. Environmental barrier
1. lack of ventilation
2. lack of privacy
3. over crowding
D. Cultural barrier
1. Level of knowledge and understanding
2. customs
3. belief
4. religion
5. language