Gen Bio 2 Individual Learning Worksheet 3 Lesson 1

Pattern of Descent with Pattern of Descent with Modification from common Ancestry

Modification from common

Ancestry This Individual Learning Worksheet will discuss and describe the structure and
function of major and subcellular organelles. Furthermore, this contains the following:
content, content standard, performance standard and learning competencies set by the
Department of Education. Laboratory activity, quiz and extension activities are also included.
This is to be achieved by the Senior High School Learners of Iloilo National High School in
the specialized subject General Biology 2
This module consist of the following :
Content:
R Relevance, Mechanisms, Evidence/ Bases and Theories of Evolution
Topics :
Pattern of Descent with modification from common ancestors
Content Standard
The learners demonstrate the understanding of :
Relevance, Mechanisms, Evidence/ Bases and Theories of Evolution
Learning Competencies
Show pattern of descent with modification from common ancestors to produce the
organismal diversity observed today.
Trace the development of evolutionary thought.
Guide Questions

Tomasz Wyszołmirski DABARTI

What to Accomplish ?
At the end of this lesson the Grade 12 GAS/ STEM learners of Iloilo National High
School should be able to :
1. Show pattern of descent with modification from common ancestors to produce the
BRANCHE A. SUMIDO PhD
organismal diversity observed today.
Iloilo National High School
2. Trace the development of evolutionary thought.
Luna St. La Paz Iloilo
3.Explain evidences of evolution ( biography, fossil record, DNA protein synthesis, homology
and embryology
4. infer evolutionary relationship among organisms using the evidence of evolution
2
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Life comes from god, it is just right. 1. the largest division of the
Previously we have What comes into
To start the day by Giving him praise geologic time scale and spans Class I want Very good! That the
discussed the history of your mind when The evolution of
.Everybody please Stand, let us hundreds to thousands of millions you to take a picture of the evolution
life on earth you see this man.
pray. Good morning everyone! of years ago look at this
I want to find out how picture? of man
picture
much you have retained
from our previous
discussion. I am going to 1
ask you a question you are
going to give me the
correct answer.

2. the smallest division characterized 3. covers ten to hundreds of millions

years.. 3 Last last week I have presented
by distinct plant and animal species the lesson to you in a comic Link and guide questions will be
That sounds
4 provided to you at the same time
strip now I you to join me as we fun this video clips well be sent through
journey though evolution via your messenger. I want you to have
4. covers no more than one video clip marathon. Are you you STUDY NOTES for each video
2 million years 5 ready? clip because I will require this as
Yes sir! your output for this module.

5. the age of the dinosaurs

The geologic time scale is Evolution means that all

separated into eons, eons The geologic time scale living things on Earth have
was divided into era which What is the is a system of descended from a common
was further subdivided into ancestor. To further understand
purpose of the chronological dating that concept of evolution I want you
period .then into epoch
which is characterized by
geologic time classifies geological to watch this video clip using this
the dominant plant scale? strata in time. It is used link
and animal species. by geologists, paleon- https://www.youtube.com/watch?
tologists, and other Earth v=BcpB_986wyk&ab_channel=
scientists to describe the CornerstonesEducation
timing and relationships
of events in geologic
history.

3 4
 1. What is the contribution of
Charles Darwin in the field of
science?
4. What was the best
scientific explanation of
how life on earth works?
Guide Question
( Mechanism of evolution )
1.What is evolution?
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4. What are the roles of DNA in 5. Name the 2 important factors that
2.How does the finches organisms
3.What was stated on Darwin’s each organism? plays important role in evolution and 6. What are the different factors
differ from one another?
Survival of the fittest? differentiate one from another. affecting selection?
Lets have this other video clip. heres the Link 7. Why is natural selection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOfRN0KihOU&a important Lets have this video clip
b_channel=Kurzgesagt%E2%80%93InaNutshell https://www.khanacademy.org/
science/ap-biology/natural-
selection/natural-selection-
ap/v/biodiversity-and-natural-
selection-two
1. What are the 2pathways that
follows evolution?
2. What is a specie? 3. Differentiate 3. What is the main purpose of
2. What is the importance of
uniqueness from variation? natural selection ?
selection
4.Why is adaptation important ?
https://www.khanacademy.org/scien
ce/ap-biology/natural-
selection/natural-selection-
ap/a/darwin-evolution-natural-
selection
Who has the idea of what
is a fossil is all about?
And where can you find
fossils?
5. What are the 3 concepts which
an organism needs for evolution to
happen?
Now lets proceed to the
different evidences of evolution.
Do you have any idea of what
are the different evidences of
evolution?
Yes sir
The preserved remains or Very good and this is
traces of an organism that how fossils look like
is no longer living.
They are Usually found in
embedded in sedimentary
rocks
Any idea of what stories do fossils
If you want more readings about Fossils show important facts Correct
tells? It also
our topic you may visit this web Of how Organisms have some
Indicates
appeared and disappeared, more?
site. development of
and have changed over time,
this also shows Extinction of It Reveals ancient life from simple
species as well as the climate & to complex
Transitional forms reveal links environmental
between groups conditions
Very good… Types of Fossils:
It also indicates that life 1. IMPRINT – thin, soft object (leaf, feather) is
Concepts of evolution was made There are
begins in water buried and sediments later harden
concrete due to the evidences present many types
this evidences include the following: 2. MOLD – Buried organism disappears and
of fossils
5 Types of Evidence that scientists have Leaves an empty space
this includes 3. CAST – mold filled by minerals (replica of organism)
gathered in support of evolution
1. Fossils 4. PETRIFICATION – minerals replace hard parts
2. Comparative Anatomy & (bones, teeth, etc.) of organism
5. AMBER – entire organism fossilized in tree sap
Structures
3. Embryology 6. FROZEN – entire organism frozen in ice
4. Biochemistry (Proteins & DNA) 7. TRACE – footprints, trails, etc.
5. Vestigial Structures
This chart shows a sample
of what does a fossil looks
like and how it is being
formed
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 How can fossils age be
determined?
Why is the fossil record Fossil records are incomplete
incomplete?
Movement of the earth’s crust
2. Another evidence of evolution
is COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
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The age of fossils can be
determined by
1. Depth of fossils help to
determine their age. Take
note that Lower layers are
older than those in upper
layers
because Soft tissue rarely
preserved and the
has obliterated or covered
many fossils
What DO YOU mean
by comparative
anatomy sir?
Another method is Isotope HOMOLOGOUS
Dating Carbon-14, STRUCTURES – parts
Uranium-238Potassium- with similar basic
40 this Measure the structure (derived from
proportion isotope relative same structures in
to its more stable form embryo—same
(half life) common descent), but
may vary in function
This picture shows
homologous structure
Anothers comparative Example:
In addition Fossilization takes place anatomy is wings have
only in certain types of habitats and ANALOGOUS developed
under favorable conditions at the same STRUCTURE these are independently in
time Paleontologists have not dug up
structures that have the insects, reptiles,
every place on earth
same function (may look birds, and bats.
somewhat alike), but The picture on
have different structures the side shows
and DO NOT have a analogous
common descent structure
Now let try to compare analogous
from homologous structure. Study
the picture for comparison
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY is
the Study of anatomical
structures to find similarities and
differences

Another evidence of
evolution is
EMBRYOLOGY
Patterns of embryological
development can indicate a
common ancestry
The picture shows a
comparative embryology
of different organisms
Another evidence of evolution is
Biochemical similarities of
Protein, RNA and DNA
molecules
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Fish, birds, Another evidence of evolution is They are also known as
mammals & reptiles Similar chemistry & Vestigial Structure are
structure of chromosomes
useless parts
all have gills; only remnants of lost functions that
fish retain theirs among Eukaryotes while our ancestors possessed.
Fish, birds, humans Chlorophyll is the same They once represented a
basic molecule in all Do evolution means
& reptiles all have function that evolved out of a
photosynthetic organisms that all organisms
tails; ALL but necessity for survival, but over
Indicates common originated from 1
humans retain time that function became non-
Ancestor Universality of ancestry?
theirs. Heres a existent. They provide some
picture of genetic code – supports intriguing insight into the
comparative evolution evolutionary history of our
embryology species.
Basing on the 5 evidences of
evolutions which includes
1. Fossils
2. Comparative Anatomy &
Structures
3. Embryology
4. Biochemistry (Proteins & DNA)
5. Vestigial Structures
We could say that all organisms
originated from one common
ancestry.
If you have no more questions I On your answer sheets
want you to get a piece of paper write the letter of the
and answer this short quiz.
Biochemical Similarities Take note that the The more correct answers. Use
Ready ?
Similarity of proteins, RNA & closely related organisms are, capital letters for your
Yes sir
DNA molecules is one of the the more similar is the answers.
evidences of evolution that we biochemical makeup
have to look into.
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 QUIZ
Pattern of Descent
Name : ______________________________Grade & Section : _____Date : _________ Score : _________
Test I. Read and analyse the questions properly and Write the letter of the correct answer on
the space provided.
1. Scientific evidence shows that modern dogs, wolves, and foxes all have a common
ancestor. Further evidence shows that dogs are more closely related to wolves than to foxes.
Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that dogs are more closely
related to wolves than to foxes?
A. The diets of dogs and wolves are more similar than the diets of dogs and foxes.
B. The lifespans of dogs and wolves are more similar than the lifespans of dogs and foxes.
C. The genetic sequences of dogs and wolves are more similar than the genetic
sequences of dogs and foxes.
D. The body sizes of dogs and wolves are more similar than the body sizes of dogs and
foxes.
2. Whale fins and bat wings are anatomically similar. Which of the following does this suggest
about the animals?
A. Whales and bats move in the same way.
B. Whales and bats have a common ancestry.
C. Whales and bats have existed for the same amount of time.
D. Whales and bats were once adapted to the same environment
3. Which of the following is the best scientific evidence that mammals evolved from reptiles?
A. similarities in the diets of extinct reptiles and modern mammals
B. similarities in the average lifespans of modern reptiles and modern mammals
C. fossils of ancient reptiles and mammals that appear together in the same layers of rock
D. fossils that show gradual changes in skull shape from reptile-like organisms to
Mammal like organisms
4. The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bat are said to be analogous structures because
A. butterflies and bats share a common ancestor
B. butterflies and bats are unrelated
C. both structures serve the same function
D. both structures are similar in their form.
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5. The best description of natural selection is
a. the survival of the fittest.
b. the struggle for existence.
c. the reproductive success of the members of a population best adapted to the environment.
d. the overproduction of offspring in environments with limited natural resources.
6.What might you conclude from the observation that the bones in your arm and hand are
similar to the bones that make up a bat's wing?
a. The bones in the bat's wing are vestigial structures, no longer useful as "arm" bones.
b. The bones in a bat's wings are homologous to your arm and hand bones.
c. Bats and humans evolved in the same geographic area.
d. Bats lost their opposable digits during the course of evolution.
7. The remnants of pelvic and leg bones in a snake
a. are vestigial structures.
b. show that lizards evolved from snakes.
c. are homologous structures.
d. provide evidence for inheritance of acquired characteristics.
8. The hypothesis that whales evolved from land-dwelling ancestors is supported by
a. evidence from the biogeographic distribution of whales.
b. molecular comparisons of whales, fish, and reptiles.
c. the ability of captive whales to be trained to walk.
d. fossils of extinct whales that had small hind limbs.
9.The concept that species inherit characteristics that enhance their survival and reproduction
is known as what?
a. natural selection
b. artificial selection
c. adaptation
d. fitness
10.Selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits to modify species over many
generations.
a. Inbreeding
b. natural selection
c. artificial selection
d. adaptation
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Test II. Matching Type : Match Column A with column B. Write the letter of your choice

Column A Column B
1. Structures that perform similar functions but developed differently
a. Molecular biology
2. Change of the genetic makeup of a population over time
3. A branch of science that looks at the structure of embryos to develop evidence for b. Comparative anatomy
evolution c. Homologous structures
4. Anatomical remnants that were important in the organism’s ancestors, but are no d. Analogous structures
longer used in the same way e. Evolution
5. A branch of science that looks at the structure of the bodies of species for comparison f. Embryology
6. A diagram that show how species may be related based on traits
g. Vestigial structures
7. Scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of Earth's lithosphere
h. Fossil record
8. Structures that are similar across species but may have changed due to adaptation
9. A structures to provide evidence for evolution branch of science that looks at the i. Cladogram
structure and function of chemical, molecular and cellular g. Plate Tectonics
10. A timeline of biological history created by fossils and where they are found in rock
layers

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