LAB 3

 Complete Check Your Understanding 2.1 questions 1-4, 7-14, 16-21, 23-34

AND

 Complete Check Your Understanding 3: questions 2-5, 7-10, 12-23

 Simulating Chromosomes and Cell Division Lab Exercises 3.1-: questions 1-5,
13-15
 Interpretating Karyotypes Lab Exercise 3.2: question 1ab, 6

PART 1 - Check Your Understanding 2.1

1. Eukaryotes have a nucleus to contain DNA, and a prokaryote does not.

2. A zygote is a fertilized egg cell that exists due to the female egg gamete and male
sperm gamete coming together.

3. *from the top going clockwise* Nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus, rough
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, ribosomes, cell membrane,
centrioles, cytoplasm, nucleus

4. Somatic

7. The nucleus

8. DNA

9. Replication and protein synthesis

10. Nucleic acid

11. A nucleotide is that basic unit of DNA and RNA. Sugar molecule, phosphate
molecule, and base.

12. 4

13. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine.

14. Phosphate and sugar

16. Thymine

17. 2
18. Complementary

19. Uracil

20. Thymine

21. TCACTAAGG

23. Amino acids

24. Polypeptides

25. Hemoglobin

26. DNA

27. DNA

28.

DNA RNA
Double strand Single strand
Deoxyribose Ribose
ACGT ACGU

29. tRNA, Bring amino acids and place them in the correct area to create a protein,
antocodon loop

30. mRNA

31. Gene

32. Transcription

33. Translation

34. 3, 6, 2, 1, 4, 5

PART 2 – Check Your Understanding 3

2. Chromatids, centromere, telomere

3. 46, haploid number

4. 23, diploid number

5. 39

7. By the size, location of centromere, and banding

8. The basic physical and functional unit of heredity

9. They have the same genes in the same order, but may have variation

10. 46 chromosomes with 23 from the egg and 23 from the sperm

12. Mitosis, meiosis

13. Meiosis makes sure that there is the correct number of chromosomes, and also
produces genetic variation

14. No

15. DNA replication happens so that both daughter cells have evenly distributed genetic
material

16. Mitosis

17.

Somatic cells Gametes

46 23
Body tissues and organs Reproductive organs
Mitosis Meiosis

18. Crossing over which is important because the DNA from each parent is paired
between homologous chromosomes.

19. Meiosis

20. Occurs in the testicles versus the ovaries and takes days or weeks for males as
opposed to months or years for females.

21. The complete set of chromosomes of an individual.

22. Female somatic cells have two X chromosomes and male somatic cells have X and Y.

23. An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Simulating Chromosomes and Cell Division Lab Exercises 3.1

1.

2.

3.
4. Telophase of mitosis, there are two identical daughter cells, somatic, no

5. Meiosis, 4 daughter cells are produced, chromosomes are halved, gamete

13. Chromatin, 46, doubled, 23, singled

14.

15.

Interpretating Karyotypes Lab Exercise 3.2

1a. Chromosomally abnormal. The individual has Down Syndrome because there is an extra
copy of chromosome 21.

1b. The individual is female, two X chromosomes.

6.

Karyotype 1 Male Chromosomes

perfect
Karyotype 2 Female Chromosomes
perfect
Karyotype 3 Male Down Syndrome
(extra chromosome
21)
Karyotype 4 Male Klinefelter
Syndrome (47
instead of 46
chromosomes)