Republic of the Philippines

JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
KATIPUNAN CAMPUS
Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte

Soil Relationship

SOIL 13
Soil Conservation and Management

Submitted to:
Dr. Lucresia Pontillas

College of Agriculture and Forestry

DAT – BAT II

Babiejean Bagasol
Bryan Calnan
Lester Gumaman
Daryl Rusiana
Jenelyn Suminguit
INTRODUCTION:
Rice is one of the world’s most important food crops. About half the people
of the world eat this valuable grain as their chief food. Most of these people live in
Asia, where rice is even more important than wheat is to the people of Europe and
the United States. Many Asians eat rice three times a day, and often have little else
to eat.

Rice is a cereal grass related to such plants as oats, rye, wheat, and barley.
Rice grows in many places too warm and too wet for some of these other crops.
Because rice needs a constant supply of water, farmers plant it in flooded fields or
in unflooded fields where rainfall is heavy. When the plants are young, the fields
look like bright green lakes.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple foods in the world as
over half of the world’s population depends on rice in their diet. The genus Oryza
L. belongs under the tribe Oryzeae, subfamily Oryzoideae in the family Poaceae
(Gramineae. This genus is divided into four species complexes, including the
Oryza sativa, Oryza officialis, Oryza ridelyi and Oryza granulata species complexes.

The Oryza sativa complex is divided into cultivated species and wild species.
Oryza sativa L. and Oryza glaberrima Steud. are two cultivated species, whereas
Oryza rufipogon, Oryza nivara, Oryza barthii, Oryza longistaminata, Oryza
meridionalis and Oryza glumaepatula are wild species . Both cultivated species
and wild species are diploid and share the AA genome (2n=24).

Cultivated rice Oryza glaberrima Steud. is cultivated in West African

countries. According to isozyme studies, simple sequence repeats (SSR) and
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, African rice Oryza glaberrima Steud.
was domesticated from Oryza barthii . Recently, NERICA (New Rice for Africa) a
new variety, which is progeny from an Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima cross,
has become very popular among West African farmers .

Cultivated rice Oryza sativa L. is cultivated in. So far, six different groups or
subpopulations have been identified among Oryza sativa varieties, including
indica, japonica, aus, aromatic, rayada and ashina. Now, only the indica and
japonica subspecies are distinguished as confirmed by restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP) studies . The genetic divergences between the indica and
japonica subspecies have been shown to be the products of separate
domestication events from the wild type species .

MATERIALS AND METHODS

o 18-25 rice seeds

o 6 empty plastic bottles of 1liter soda (cut-in half)
o Water
o Soil

➢ Seeds are germinated into a 1 liter filled with water.

➢ On the 6th day, seedlings are transferred
➢ 3 seedlings per bottle filled with garden soil (3 bottles)
➢ 3 seedlings per bottle filled with water (3 bottles)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We have observed that rice germination was never easy task for farmers.
Rice seeds germinate too long for a 6th day seedling transfer. At one week, the
second leaf has emerged from the sheath. At 10 days, the second leaf has grown
to an inch long and unborrowed, at 13 days the third leaf has emerged and grown.
. The rice stalks are too short to transplant. We waited for the 10th day to transfer,
long enough for the seedlings to be transferred to empty bottles. As days goes by,
same growth of rice with pure water and with soil only. The changes in the seed as
a result of germination depend on the conditions to which the rice is subjected and
the time for which it remains in such conditions. The germination time can
significantly influence the final product.

SUMMARY

Some grains have mechanisms of adaptation or resistance to an abiotic

factor. A minimum number of seedlings, can pre-germinate the seeds and then
transplant the seedlings. Healthy seeds should germinate with just a bit of water.
For pure soil, seedlings can be added water daily for hydration. However, the
longer the germination time is, the more significant the changes are in the product,
which may not coincide with the desired organoleptic or nutritional
characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the germination time to reach
the desired characteristics.