Chapter 2 13.

The enlargement of superficial lymph nodes that occurs as a

Review Questions systemic sign of inflammation is:
1. Which of the following is the body's initial response to injury? a. Called leukocytosis
a. Immune response b. Regulated by the hypothalamus
b. Inflammatory response c. Caused by changes in their lymphocytes
c. Repair and regeneration d. A process that involves only the lymph nodes in the submental
d. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy area
2. What type of inflammation occurs if the injury is minimal and 14. Which statement concerning repair in the body is considered
brief, as well as the source being removed from the tissue? true?
a. Fatal a. Repair can be completed with the injurious agents present
b. Acute b. Functioning cells and tissue components are always replaced
c. Chronic by functioning scar tissue
d. Life-threatening c. Repair always results in regeneration
3. During the inflammatory response, the first microscopic event is: d. The process of repair is initiated by the inflammatory response
a. Dilation of the microcirculation 15. The clot that forms during repair after injury:
b. Increased permeability of the microcirculation a. Consists of fibrous connective tissue
c. Formation of exudate b. Serves as a guide for migrating epithelial cells
d. Constriction of the microcirculation c. Forms after skin injury, but not after mucosal injury
4. The directed movement of white blood cells to the area of injury d. Occurs only with healing by secondary intention
is called: 16. Healing by secondary intention refers to healing of an injury
a. Pavementing when:
b. Margination a. The incision has clean edges joined by sutures
c. Chemotaxis b. Only a small clot forms
d. Hyperemia c. An infection forms in the injured area
5. Which of the following cells are the most prevalent cells seen in d. There is increased formation of granulation tissue
chronic inflammation? 17. Which of the following is used to describe an increase in the
a. Neutrophils size of an organ or tissue resulting from an increase in the number
b. Macrophages and lymphocytes of its cells?
c. Lymphocytes and plasma cells a. Hyperemia
d. Neutrophils and lymphocytes b. Hyperplasia
6. Which of the following is considered a function of the c. Inflammation
macrophage? d. Hypertrophy
a. Phagocytosis 18. Bone tissue repair in the body can be delayed by:
b. Pathologic hyperplasia a. Maintenance of osteoblast-producing tissue
c. Drainage of abscess b. Inadequate movement of bone tissue
d. Formation of antibodies c. Drainage of an area of edema
7. Which of the following terms is used to describe blood plasma d. Reduction in the amount of tissue infection
with cells and proteins that leaves the blood vessels and enters 19. What type of healing is present when there is little loss of the
the surrounding tissue during inflammation? tissue?
a. Hyperemia a. Healing by primary intention
b. Hypertrophy b. Healing by secondary intention
c. Margination c. Healing by tertiary intention
d. Exudate d. Healing does not take place
8. The process of phagocytosis during inflammation directly 20. Which of the following cells are similar to smooth muscle cells
involves the: and help the healing site contract?
a. Ingestion of foreign substances by white blood cells a. Osteoblasts
b. Escape of plasma fluids and proteins from the microcirculation b. Myofibroblasts
into the surrounding tissue c. Macrophages
c. Displacement of white blood cells to the blood vessel walls d. Neutrophils
d. Attachment of white blood cells to the blood vessel walls 21. Which of the following directly allows for the presence of
9. Which of the following statements is considered incorrect fever?
concerning the neutrophil? a. Production of bone tissue
a. The neutrophil makes up 30% of white blood cells b. Wound healing
b. The neutrophil contains lysosomal enzymes c. Presence of pyrogens
c. The neutrophil is a cell whose main function is phagocytosis d. Production of C-reactive protein
d. The neutrophil has a multilobed nucleus 22. Hyperemia is directly responsible for which two local clinical
10. During the process of inflammation, the second type of white signs of inflammation?
blood cell to emigrate from the blood vessel into the injured a. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
tissue is the: b. Erythema and heat
a. Neutrophil c. Abscess and fistula
b. Red blood cell d. Necrosis and scarring
c. Lymphocyte 23. Which of the following lesions is noted for a microscopic
d. Macrophage grouping of macrophages usually surrounded by lymphocytes?
11. Components of the complement system mediate the a. Lymphoma
inflammatory process by: b. Granuloma
a. Decreasing vascular permeability c. Keloid
b. Releasing histamine granules from neutrophils d. Abscess
c. Causing cytolysis of cells 24. Which one of the following lesions would clinically appear as a
d. Decreasing phagocytosis pigmented lesion?
12. Two days after injury, granulation tissue can be described as: a. Amalgam tattoo
a. Immature vascular connective tissue b. Traumatic ulcer
b. Fluid in the form of exudate c. Frictional keratosis
c. Dense avascular connective tissue d. Aspirin burn
d. Ulcerated tissue 25. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Attrition is the wearing away of tooth structure during 38. Which of the following statements is false?
mastication a. A periapical cyst develops from a periapical granuloma
b. Bruxism is the same process as mastication b. A periapical abscess always causes radiographic periapical
c. Erosion is the loss of tooth structure resulting from chemical changes
action c. A periapical granuloma is a circumscribed area of chronically
d. Abrasion is caused by mechanical, repetitive habits inflamed tissue
26. Loss of tooth structure associated with bulimia is caused by: d. A periapical cyst is also called a radicular cyst
a. Attrition 39. Epulis fissuratum results from irritation caused by:
b. Erosion a. A denture flange
c. Bruxism b. Denture adhesive
d. Abrasion c. Poor suction from the denture in the palatal vault
27. An aspirin burn in the oral cavity: d. An allergic reaction to the acrylic in the denture
a. Occurs as a result of an overdose of aspirin 40. Which of the following statements is true?
b. Is usually painless a. A traumatic neuroma is never painful
c. Results from a misuse of aspirin b. Necrotizing sialometaplasia is considered a denture-related
d. Can take several weeks to heal lesion
28. A patient has a generalized white appearance of the palate. c. Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis is similar to gingival hyperplasia
Tiny erythematous dots can be seen, surrounded by a thickened, d. Gingival enlargement may be caused by medication
raised, white-to-gray area. Overall the palate appears wrinkled. 41. Loss of tooth structure caused by chemical action describes:
This condition is most likely: a. Abrasion
a. Papillary hyperplasia of the palate b. Internal resorption
b. Nicotine stomatitis c. Erosion
c. An aspirin burn d. Attrition
d. Necrotizing sialometaplasia 42. Which of the following cysts is characteristically associated
29. Which of the following is the most common cause of a with a tooth that is nonvital on pulp testing?
mucocele? a. Residual
a. Acute inflammation b. Radicular
b. Tumor formation c. Dentigerous
c. Minor salivary gland duct trauma d. Dermoid
d. A sialolith 43. Which of the following cysts results when a tooth is extracted
30. A ranula is located on the: without removing the periapical cystic sac?
a. Lower lip a. Radicular
b. Buccal mucosa b. Primordial
c. Retromolar area c. Residual
d. Floor of the mouth d. Periodontal
31. Which one of the following lesions would not occur on the 44. The most common cause of a radicular cyst is:
gingiva? a. Deep restorations without a base
a. Irritation fibroma b. Caries
b. Pyogenic granuloma c. Occlusal trauma
c. Peripheral giant cell granuloma d. Toothbrush abrasion at the cemento-enamel junction
d. Epulis fissuratum 45. The wearing away of tooth structure through an abnormal
32. Generalized loss of tooth structure primarily on the lingual mechanical action defines:
surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth is associated with: a. Attrition
a. Erosion b. Abrasion
b. Attrition c. Erosion
c. Abrasion d. Resorption
d. Abfraction 46. Which one of the following is not associated with attrition?
33. Which of the following may be a cause of external tooth a. Toothpaste
resorption? b. Bruxism
a. Caries c. Mastication
b. Salivary gland dysfunction d. Age
c. Chronic inflammation 47. Heavy plaque and calculus deposits, mouth breathing,
d. Medication orthodontic appliances, and overhanging restorations best
34. Which one of the following is considered to be the most likely describe some of the causative factors for:
cause of necrotizing sialometaplasia? a. Phenytoin hyperplasia
a. Loss of blood supply b. A reaction from nifedipine
b. Radiation therapy c. Irritation fibromatosis
c. Smoking d. Chemical fibromatosis
d. A sialolith 48. A pink, granular, or “cobblestone-like” appearance of the hard
35. The most common site for a mucocele to occur is the: palate under a denture is most likely:
a. Floor of the mouth a. Nicotine stomatitis
b. Tongue b. Necrotizing sialometaplasia
c. Buccal mucosa c. Papillary hyperplasia of the palate
d. Lower lip d. Multiple fibromas
36. The peripheral giant cell granuloma occurs only on the: 49. During examination of the dentition, the dental hygienist notes
a. Gingiva or alveolar mucosa the presence of active wear facets. This indicates that the patient
b. Hard palate is:
c. Buccal mucosa a. Chewing too vigorously
d. Floor of the mouth b. A bruxer
37. A sialolith is: c. A vegetarian
a. Chronic inflammation of a salivary gland d. Lip biting
b. Acute inflammation of a salivary gland 50. A patient has a loss of tooth structure on the labial surfaces of
c. A pooling of saliva in the connective tissue the anterior teeth and reports a high intake of citrus fruit juices.
d. A salivary gland stone The dental hygienist would most likely suspect:
a. Abrasion a. Clinical
b. Bulimia b. Radiographic
c. Bruxism c. Laboratory
d. Erosion d. Therapeutic
51. The amalgam tattoo represents amalgam particles in the tissue 63. Vomiting after eating is associated with:
and is most commonly observed in the oral cavity on the: a. Attrition
a. Lateral borders of the tongue b. “Meth mouth”
b. Anterior palate near the rugae c. Bulimia
c. Floor of the mouth d. Anorexia nervosa
d. Posterior gingiva and edentulous ridge 64. Which one of the following is used as a cavity sterilization and
52. A pink protruding mass in the occlusal surface of a severely cauterizing agent?
carious mandibular first or second molar is most likely a(n): a. Eugenol
a. Irritation fibroma b. Hydrogen peroxide
b. Pyogenic granuloma c. Ferric sulfate
c. Pulp polyp d. Phenol
d. Pulpal granuloma 65. Which one of the following is most commonly seen on the
53. Which of the following drugs does not cause gingival anterior labial gingiva?
enlargement? a. Smoker's melanosis
a. Phenytoin (Dilantin) b. Amalgam tattoo
b. Cyclosporine c. Melanotic macule
c. Nifedipine (Procardia) d. Salivary gland tumor
d. Tetracycline 66. Necrotizing sialometaplasia is most commonly found on the:
54. Traumatic ulcers are usually diagnosed on the basis of: a. Lower lip
a. The patient's medical history b. Soft palate
b. The clinical appearance and history of the ulcers c. Hard palate
c. The results of a biopsy and microscopic examination d. Floor of the mouth
d. A therapeutic diagnosis 67. The frenal tag is commonly found on the:
55. Which of the following might be identified on a radiograph? a. Floor of the mouth
a. Mucocele b. Lingual frenum
b. Sialolith c. Maxillary labial frenum
c. Necrotizing sialometaplasia d. Buccal mucosa
d. Chronic sialadenitis 68. Candidiasis can be associated with which of the following
56. Which of the following is false concerning actinic cheilitis? conditions?
a. It affects the vermilion of the lips. a. Gingival enlargement
b. It is caused by sun exposure. b. Papillary hyperplasia
c. It usually involves the upper lip more severely than the lower c. Epulis fissuratum
lip. d. Frenal tag
208 69. You cannot use a radiographic image alone to differentiate a
d. It can be identified by clinical changes in the appearance of the periapical granuloma from which one of the following?
lips. a. Pulp polyp
57. All of the following are systemic manifestations of b. Radicular cyst
inflammation c. Abscess
except: d. Residual cyst
a. Leukocytosis 70. In which extraction site is alveolar osteitis usually encountered?
b. Fever a. Incisor
c. Hyperemia and erythema b. Mandibular third molars
d. Lymphadenopathy c. Maxillary premolars
58. A raised, white line is seen on the buccal mucosa at the level of d. Maxillary first molar
the occlusal plane. This is best called: 71. When resorption affects the crown of an unerupted tooth and
a. Frictional keratosis the cause cannot be identified, it is called:
b. Leukoplakia a. Internal resorption
c. Linea alba b. Residual resorption
d. A traumatic ulcer c. External resorption
59. Which of the following is false concerning a traumatic d. Idiopathic resorption
neuroma? It is: 72. Which one of the following drug groups is most likely to cause
a. Caused by an injury to a peripheral nerve gingival enlargement?
b. Composed of nerve tissue completely surrounded by a fibrous a. Antivirals
connective tissue capsule b. Diuretics
c. Composed of a proliferation of small nerves c. Antibiotics
d. Often painful d. Anticonvulsants
60. Enhancement of phagocytosis is called: 73. Which one of the following periapical conditions is associated
a. Opsonization with pain?
b. Abfraction a. Radicular cyst
c. Transudate b. Periapical abscess
d. Chemotaxis c. Periapical granuloma
61. Wedge-shaped defects at the cervical area of teeth define which d. Residual cyst
of the following terms? 74. Which of the following is most likely responsible for
a. Erosion internal/external resorption?
b. Abfraction a. Inflammatory response
c. Attrition b. Allergic reaction
d. Abrasion c. Genetics
209 d. Systemic disease
62. Condensing osteitis is diagnosed mainly through which type of 75. The most common intraoral site for the pyogenic granuloma is
diagnostic process? the:
a. Maxillary anterior gingiva
b. Lateral tongue
c. Floor of the mouth
d. Mandibular third molar area