F¬.-F-kv.-F-kv.

ae-bmfw
H‰-hm-°n¬ DØ-c-sa-gp-Xm-\p-≈h
1 s\lvdp t{Sm^n h≈w-Ifn \S-°p∂ Imb¬ GXv?
D ]p∂-a-S-°m-b¬
2 Hcp sNSnbpw \´p-h-f¿Øo-tem-W-∏q-sh-ßs\ \p≈m≥ Hcp hbepw ]q´n
hoXn-®o-temW tNmsd-ß-s\-bp-Æm≥ ˛ Cu hcn-Iƒ Bcp-tS-XmWv?
D F≥.-hn. IrjvW-hm-c-y¿
3 ]®-∏-eI sIm´m-c-Øn¬ ]Øpw \qdpw sIm´-tØß Cu IS-¶-Y-bpsS
DØcw F¥v?
D ]∏mb
4 B[p-\nI Ihn-{X-b-Øn¬s]-Sm-ØXv Bcv?
sNdp-t»-cn, Ipam-c-\m-im≥, D≈q¿, h≈-tØmƒ
D sNdp-t»cn
5 H.-F≥.hn bpsS apgp-h≥ t]cv?
D H‰-πm-°¬ \oe-I-WvT≥ thep-Ip-dp∏v
6 amXr-`m-j-bnse al-\o-b-ß-fmb Imh-y-ß-fn¬ A{Kn-a-ÿm\w GXv
Imh-yØ - n-\mWv?
D IrjvWK - mY
7 IÆs‚ apJw F∂¿∞w hcp∂ ]Zw GXv?
IÆ-¥m-\-t∂-cw, IÆ-¥m-∂m-\-\w, IÆm-¥m-∂m-\w, IÆ-¥m-\m-\\w
D IÆ-¥m-\m-\\w
8 £p`n-X≥ F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w
D tIm]n-®h - ≥
9 IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS cN-\bv°p ]n∂nse hnt\mZw?
D NXp-cwKw
10 icn-bmb ]Zv GXv?
]oV, ]oT, ]oS, ]oU
D ]oU
11 I\-I® - n-e¶ Inep-ßn-°n-epßn
Im©-\-Im©n Ipep-ßn-°p-epßn BcpsS hcn-Iƒ
D Nß-ºpg
 2

12 \mºp-W-cp-∂Xv ]ncn-s®-gp-XpI
D \mºv + DW-cp-∂Xv
13 th\¬°n-\m-°ƒ ]ncn-s®-gp-XpI
D th\¬ + In\m-°ƒ
14 ]Ømbw s]dpw N°n IpØpw
AΩ shbv°pw, DÆn DÆpw, Cu sNm√ns‚ Bibw F¥v?
D A[-zm-\n-°msX kpJn®v Pohn-°p-∂-hsc kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
15 hnØv IpØn DÆ-cpXv Cu sNm√ns‚ A¿∞w D:F√mw Icp-Xn-sh-bv°Ww
D (`m-hn-sb-°p-dn®v Hm¿Ω thWw)
16 GXv cmPm-hns‚ B⁄-{]-Im-c-amWv sNdp-t»cn IrjvW-KmY cNn-®Xv?
D DZ-b-h¿Ω≥ tIme-Øncn
17 sNdp-t»cn IrjvW-KmY cNn-®Xv GXv IrXnsb ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv?
D `mK-h-Xw, Zi-a-kvI‘w
18 Ipt™-SØn F∂ IhnX Bcp-tS-XmWv?
D H F≥.hn Ipdp∏v
19 IpS-bn-√m-Ø-h¿ F∂ IhnX Bcp-tS-XmWv?
D H.F≥.hn Ipdp∏v
20 \ns∂-t∏mse \ns‚ Ab¬°m-ct- \bpw kvt\ln-°pI Cu alXv hN\w
Bcp-tS-XmWv?
D tbip-{InkvXp
21 KmYm {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xmhv
D sNdp-t»cn
22 A\-y-Po-h-\p-XIn kz-Po-hnXw
[\-y-am-°p-a-ate hnth-In-Iƒ . BcpsS hcn-Iƒ?
D Ipam-c\m-im≥
23 hni∏v F∂ IY Bcp-tS-XmWv?
D tUm. sI. {ioIp-am¿
24 kvt\l-am-W-J-en-km-c-aq-gn-bn¬ CXm-cpsS hm°p-Iƒ?
D Ipam-c\ - m-im≥
25 kvt\ln-°-bn√ Rm≥ t\mhp-am-Xvamhns\
kvt\ln-®n-Sm-sØmcp XX-z-im-kv{X-tØbpw BcpsS hcn-Iƒ
D hb-em¿ cma-h¿Ω
26 Hcp ]oU-bp-dp-ºn\pw hcp-Ø-cpXv BcpsS hm°p-Iƒ?
{io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp
 3

27 IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS as‰mcp t]cv?

IrjvW∏ - m´v
28 Kpcp \nX-y-ssN-X-\-y-b-Xn-bpsS BZ-ysØ t]cv?
Pb-N-{μ≥
29 {]mNo\ Ihn-{X-b-߃
sNdp-t»cn Fgp-Ø-—≥, Ip©≥\-º-ym¿
30 B[p-\nI Ihn-{X-b-߃
Bim-≥, D≈q¿, h≈-tØmƒ
31 t]Sn-∏n-t®m-Sn-°m≥ t\m°n ]qXw
t]Sn-°m-Xßs\ \n∂m-f-Ω , Bcp-tS-XmWo hcn-Iƒ?
CS-t»cn tKmhn-μ≥ \mb¿
32 IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS D≈-S°w F¥mWv?
{io IrjvWs‚ P\\w apX¬ ac-Ww-h-sc-bp≈ IY {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p∂p
33 kv\m\w F∂ ]Z-Øn-s‚ A¿∞w?
Ipfn
34 th\-sem-gn-sh{X ]ncn-s®-gp-Xn-bm¬
th\¬+Hgnhv+F{X
35 CX-ymZn ]ncn-s®-gp-Xn-bm¬
CXn + BZn
36 sN¶p-∏mbw ]ncn-s®-gp-Xn-bm¬
sNw + Ip∏mbw
37 hym-lXn F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w?
XS w
38 tIc-f-Øns‚ D]-h-k¥w F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ EXp GXv?
icXv
39 sFXn-l-y-am-e-bpsS I¿Ømhv
sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶pÆn
40 tImeØp \m´nse DZ-b-h¿Ω cmPm-hns‚ {]i-kvX-\mb kZ-k-y¿
sNdp-t»cn
41 2007¬ ⁄m\-]oTw t\Snb ae-bm-f-Ihn
H.-F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏v
42 G‰hpw HSp-hn¬ ⁄m\-]oTw t\Snb ae-bm-f-Ihn
A°nØw A®-yp-X≥ \ºq-Xncn
 4

43 H.-F≥.hnbpsS {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ?

`qan-bvs°mcp Nc-a-Ko-Xw, A£-cw, D÷-bn-\n, D∏v, hf-s∏m-´p-Iƒ, Idp-Ø-
]-£n-bpsS ]m´v, Rm\·n, ss`c-hs‚ XpSn
44 CubnsS A¥-cn® ]cn-ÿnXn {]h¿Ø-I-bmb {]ikvX Ih-bn{Xn?
kpK-X-Ip-amcn So®¿
45 B‰n≥h-°sØ amfnI ho´n-e∂ - m-‰p-t\m-‰n-s´m-cpÆn ]nd-∂p. Bcp-tS-XmWo
hcn-Iƒ?
CS-t»cn
46 Hscm‰ aX-ap-≠p-e-In-∂p-bncmw t{]a-a-sXm-∂t√m
]cs° \sΩ ]me-ar-Xq´pw
]m¿hW iin-_nw_w Bcp-tS-XmWo hcn-Iƒ?
D≈q¿.-F-kv. ]c-ta-i-z-c-ø¿
47 kvt\l-Km-b-I≥ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Ihn?
Ipam-c\- m-im≥
48 kwkvIrXn F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w?
kwkvImcw
49 A\p-hm-kcw F∂ ]Z-Øn-s‚ A¿∞w?
Znhkw tXmdpw
50 im-cn-I-ss]-X-en≥ tamSn I≠p amcp-X\pw sN∂p-IqSn CXn¬ Im‰n\v
]Icw D]-tbm-Kn® ]Zw GXv?
amcp-X≥
52 ]d-™p-t\m-°pI shdpsX \n߃s°{X Infn-bpsS ]m´-dn-bmw. BcpsS
hcn-Iƒ?
]n. a[p-kq-Z-\≥
53 IrjvW-KmY cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv GXv hrØ-Øn-emWv
aRvP-cn-hrØw
54 sNSn-bn≥ta¬ Imb Imb-ta¬ sNSn Cu IS-¶-Ybv°v DØcw Fgp-XpI
ssIX-®°
55 A°sc \n¬°pw Xp©mWn
C°sc \n¬°pw Xp©mWn
Iq´n-ap´pw Xp©mWn
I¨]oen
56 hb-sdm∂v hmb c≠v
hb-‰n¬ \ndsb a°ƒ
Xos∏´n
 5

57 Xmsg X∂n-´p-≈-h-bn¬ sX‰mb tPmUn GXv?

F) sNdp-t»cn : IrjvWK - mY
_n) Ip©≥\-º-ym¿ : I√-ym-W-ku-K-‘nIw
kn) Ipam-cm-\m-im≥ : hoW-]qhv
Un) sshtem-∏n≈n : `qanbv°v Hcp Nc-a-KoXw
D sshtem-∏n≈n : `qanbv°v Hcp Nc-a-KoXw
58 XSn-I-≠-Øn¬ Xe Ie-ym-W-]-¥-en¬ F∂ IS-¶-Y-bpsS DØcw?
hmg
59 ImSp-W-cp∂p BcpsS IrXn-bmWv
]n≠mWn F≥.-_n. ]n≈
60 icn-bmb ]Zw GXv?
ZrjvSn, [rjvSn,{Z-jvSn, ZrjvTn
ZrjvSn
61 A]mcw F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w?
AXn-cn-√m-ØXv
62 an∂¬∏n-W-cp-Iƒ Cu ]Zw ]ncn-s®-gp-XpI
an∂¬ + ]nW-cp-Iƒ
63 Rmh¬°mSv BcpsS IrXn-bmWv
]n≠mWn F≥.-_n. ]n≈
64 IS-hm-Xn¬ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]£n
hΔm¬
65 ]£n-I-fpsS cmPmhv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]£n?
Kcp-U≥
66 lrZbw ˛ anSn®p (]-c-]-c, Nd-]-d, ]S-]-S)
D ]S-]-S
67 hml-\-ß-fpsS ˛ i_vZw ( IS-I-S, Nd-]-d, ]S-]-Sn)
D IS-IS
68 B\\w ˛ apJw
Im\\w ˛ ˛ =
= ImSv
69 ]®-°nfn F∂ IhnX GXv hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂p?
Xmcm´v
70 ]q°q∂n-Xm-ap√ ]q°p-∂n-e™n
]q°p∂p tX≥amhp ]q°p-∂-tim-Iw. BcpsS hcn-Iƒ?
Ipam-c\- m-im≥
 6

71 tIc-f-Øn¬ ]£n \nco-£W {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v XpS-°-an´ {]kn-≤-\mb

]£n \nco-£-I≥?
sI.-sI. \oe-I-WvT≥
72 sI.-sI. \oe-I-WvTs‚ A]-c-\maw?
Cμp-NqV≥
73 A]q¿h tZim-S-\-]-£n-Iƒ hncp-s∂-Øp∂ ]Xn-cm-a-W¬ Zzo]v GXv Imb-
en¬ BWv ÿnXn sNøp-∂Xv?
thº-\m-´p-Im-b¬
74 C¥-y-bpsS ]£n a\p-j-y≥
tUm. keow Aen
75 `mc-Xob k¶-ev]-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Bdv EXp-°ƒ
hk¥w, {Kojvaw, h¿jw, icXv, tla-¥w, inincw
76 tUm keow Aen-bpsS Bfl-I-Y-bpsS t]sc¥v?
Hcp Ipcp-hn-bpsS ]X\w
77 AIØv Xncn-sX-dpØp ]pdØv ap´-bn´p
Ipcp-ap-fIv
78 B\sb sI´m≥ XSn-bp≠v PocIw s]mXn-bm-\n-e-bn√
]pfn-acw
79 ASn-]md \SphSn aosX IpS
tN\
80 Pe-Po-hn-bmbn P\n®v Km\-tIm-In-e-ambn amdn
sImXpIv
81 kqNn-t]mse Ce-h∂p ]mb-t]mse Ce hncn-™p.
hmg-bne
82 sh≈n-°n-Æ-Øn¬ Rmh¬]gw
IÆv
83 Aºms´ ]´nbv°v aptºm´v hmev
Nnch/In≠n
84 ASbv°pw Xpd°pw Inßn-Wn-∏-Ømbw
IÆv
85 BImiw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v kam-\]-Z-a-√m-ØXv?
KK-\w, hZ-\w, am\w, hm\w
hZ\w
86 Gg-c-s∏m-∂m\ BcpsS IrXn-bmWv?
G‰p-am-\q¿ tkma-Zm-k≥
 7

87 Hma-\-bpsS HmWw GXv Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-Øn¬ \n∂v FSp-Ø-XmWv?

Im‰p-]-d™ IY
88 HmWw h∂m¬ sXmSn-bn¬ F¥v Ifn °m\mWv Hma\ B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv?
Infn-Ø´v
89 Hma-\-bpsS HmW-t°m-Sn°v GXv ]qhn-t\-°mƒ `wKn-bp-s≠-∂mWv Hma\
Icp-Xp-∂Xv?
ap°p‰n
90 Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h-bn¬ icn-bmb ]Zw GXv
DXvI-WvT, DZv°-WvT, D¬°-WvT, DZvIWvT
DXvIWvT
91 icn-bmb ]Zw GXv?
hn⁄m-\w, hnRvPm\w, hn™m-\w, hn÷m\w
hn⁄m\w
92 ]Ømbw GXv IrXn-bn¬ \ns∂-Sp-Ø-XmWv?
Hm¿a-bnse Irjn-°m-gvN-Iƒ
93 ]Øm-b-Øns‚ D]-tbm-K-sa¥v?
[m\-y-߃ kw`-cn-®p-sh-bv°p-∂-Xn\v
94 Ip´n-I-sfØn Ip‰n-°m-´n¬
s]m´n-hn-S¿∂p s]mt∂mWw
BcpsS hcn-Iƒ?
Hf-∏-aÆ
95 KX-Imew F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]Icw ]Zw
Ign-™I - mew
96 km¿h-{XnIw F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w?
k¿h-km-[m-c-W-amb
97 Hmtcmtcm cmhpw Ipfn¿atb¥pw
HmW-\n-em-hn-\m-temfw X√pw
BcpsS hcn-Iƒ?
CS-∏≈n cmL-h≥]n≈
98 [m\-y-߃ Af-°p-∂-Xn\v ]≠p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ D]-I-c-W-߃
]d, CS-ß-gn, \mgn
99 A\p-th-e-sa-∂-¥-cwKw ]ncn-s®-gp-XpI
A\p-thew+F≥+A¥-cw-Kw
100 s]m≥]p-e-cn-Øp-Sn∏v ˛ ]ncn-s®-gp-XpI
s]m≥+-]p-ec - n+-Xp-Sn∏v
 8

101 apØ-Wn™v
apØv + AWn™v
102 sNº-\o¿s®Sn
sNw+-]-\n-\o¿+-sNSn
103 \mºp-Wc - ∂
- Xv
\mºv + DW-cp-∂Xv
104 £p{Zw F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]Icw ]Zw
sNdnb / \n m-c-amb
105 \mam-h-ti-j-am-IpI F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w?
C√m-Xm-hpI
106 G‰p-am-\q¿ tkma-Zm-ks‚ {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ?
Gg-c-s∏m-∂m-\, I¿°n-S-Iw, Ce-s]m-gn-bpwIm-ew, cmacmPyw
107 \mμn Ipdn-°pI F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w
XpS°w Ipdn-°pI
108 IptN-e-hrØw h©n-∏m-´ns‚ Xmf-Øn¬ Ipam-c-\m-im≥ Fgp-Xnb Imhyw
IcpW
109 icn-bmb ]Zw GXv?
hnin-jvSm-Xn-Yn, hnin-jvSm-Xn-Xn, hnjn-jvSm-Xn-Yn, hnjn-jvSm-YnXn
hnin-jvSm-XnYn
110 tIc-fm-knwlw F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?
]g-»n-cmP
111 \h-`m-cX-in¬∏n F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?
Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp
112 k¿∏m-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ h≈-߃°v ]d-bp∂ t]cv?
Np≠≥ h≈-߃
113 B‰n¬ \ns∂m-s∂-SpØp H∂p-sIm≠v aq∂m°n aq∂n¬ \n∂v c≠v FSp-
Øp. c≠p-sIm≠v \qdm-°n. Cu IS-¶-Y-bpsS DØcw F¥v?
I°
114 ASn-h-c-bn´ {]tbm-K-Øn\v tbmPn® Bi-bw-h-cp∂ ]Z-sa-gp-XpI
F) Imb-temcw l¿jm-c-h-Øn¬ apßn
_n) A`q-X-]q¿h-amb B ImgvN s\lvdp-hns\ hnIm-c-`-cn-X-\m°n
F) kt¥m-j-{]-I-S\w
_n) ap≥s]ßpw I≠n-´n-√mØ
 9

115 s\lvdp t{Sm^n h≈w-Ifn XpS-°-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-´Xv GXv t]cn-emWv?

ss{]w an\n-tÃgvkv t{Sm^n
116 Hcp kw`hw I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Abmƒ \S-Øp∂ hy-‡a - mb hnh-
c-W-Øn-\p-]-d-bp-∂ t]cv?
ZrIvkm£n hnh-cWw X’-ab hnh-cWw
117 Gj-y-bpsS {]Imiw F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Bcv?
{io_p-≤≥
118 cma-]p-cØv hmc-y¿ Fgp-Xnb {]kn≤amb h©n-∏m´v ?
IptN-e-hrØw h©n-∏m´v
119 Iq´-Øn¬s]-Sm-ØXv GXv
BÀm-Zw, Btam-Zw, Bchw, B\μw
Bchw
120 s\lvdp-t{Sm^n h≈w-Ifn F∂ ]mT-`mKw GXv IrXn-bn¬ \ns∂-Sp-Ø-
XmWv?
sXbv sXbv
121 s\lvdp t{Sm^n h≈w-Ifn \S-°p∂ Pn√?
Be-∏pg
122 an∂p-∂-sX√mw s]m∂√ Cu sNm√ns‚ Bi-b-sa¥v?
]pdw-tamSn I≠v {`an-°-cpXv
123 i‡n-bpsS Ihn F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?
CS-t»cn
124 P\-Iob Ihn
Ip©≥\-º-ym¿
125 \nf-bpsS IYm-Im-c≥
Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿
126 Bi-bKw`o-c≥
Ipam-c\- m-im≥

Bk-zm-Z-\-Ip-dn∏v

1 Ipt™-S-Ønsb Xs∂-bt√m
DÆn-s°-s∂-∂p-ta-sdbnjvSw
aSn-bn-en-cp-Øo´v amtdmSv tN¿Øn´v
aWn-a-Wn-t]mse IY-]-dbpw
 10

Bt\sS abn-ens‚ H´-I-Øn-s‚bpw

Bcpw tIƒ°mØ IY-]-dbpw
H.-F≥.hn

Ihn-Xbv°v Hcp Bk-zm-Z-\-Ip-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I.

Ipt™-SØn F∂ Ihn-Xbv°v Hcm-k-zm-Z-\-Ip-dn∏v

ae-bm-f-Ønse {]ivk-X-I-hn-bmb {io. H.-F≥.hn Ipdn-∏ns‚ Ipt™-SØn
F∂ Ihn-X-bnse GXm\pw hcn-I-fm-Wn-Xv. Ipt™-SØn Xs‚ A\n-b-\mb
DÆnbv°v \¬Ip∂ kvt\lhm’ey-ß-fmWv Ihn-X-bnse {]ta-bw. C∂p-hsc
Bcpw tIƒ°m-Ø IY ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ipt™-SØ - nsb Gsd
kvt\l-am-bn-cp∂p DÆn-bv°v. Cu hcn-Iƒ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ B ktlm-Z-c-
kvt\lw Hcp at\m-l-c-Zr-i-y-ambn \ΩpsS a\- n-te-t°m-Sn-sb-Øp-∂p. aSn-bn-en-
cp-Øn amtdmSv tN¿Øv CXp-hsc Bcpw tIƒ°mØ IY ]d™p sImSp-°p∂
Ipt™-SØnsb F∂ hcn-If - psS {]tbm-K`- wKn Cu Ihn-Xsb IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-
I-am-°p-∂p. apØ-»n-sbpsS aSn-bn-ep∂v IY tIƒ°m-dp≈ Ip´n-°m-ea - mWv Fs‚
a\- n¬ \nd-bp-∂X- v. hy-Xy- kvX CuW-ßf - n¬ sNm√m≥ Ign-bp∂ Cu Ihn-Xbv°v
Hcp {]tX-yI Xmf-`w-Kn-bp-ap-≠v. ktlm-Zc kvt\l-Øns‚ at\m-lc Zri-y-amWv
Ihn Cu Ihn-X-bn-eqsS Bk-zm-Z-I-cn-te°v FØn-°p-∂-Xv.

2 Hcp ]qs®-Snsb \´p≈p

Hmtcm sImºpw ]qØt√m
cXv\-°√n¬ IΩ-ep-t]m¬
ap‰-sØßpw ]q°mew
]q°fp-W¿∂p Nncn-®-t∏mƒ
]qºm-‰-Ifpw h∂t√m
\m\m-h¿W Nnd-tImsS
]qhn-√m-sØmcp \mfn√
]qºm-‰-Ifpw Ipd-h√
Ag-In≥ hgn-Iƒ ImWp-tºmƒ
B\-μ-Øn≥ s]mSn-]qcw
amthen°pw amtfm¿°pw
B\-μ-Øn≥ s]mt∂mWw
Hcp ]qs®-Sntb \´p≈p
ap‰-sØßpw ]q°mew
 11

F) IhnX \¬Ip∂ Bibw F¥v?

_n) ]qºm-‰-Iƒ ]qhn¬ h∂n-cp-∂Xv Fßs\?
kn) Bk-zm-Z-\-Ip-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°q.

CjvS-s∏´ hcn
CjvS-s∏-Sm-\p≈ ImcWw
Ihn-X-bpsS t]cv
IhnX Fgp-Xnb Bfns‚ t]cv?
Ihn-X-bpsS Bibw

Bk-zm-Z\
- I
- p-dn∏v

Ihn-Xbv°v {]tX-y-I-`wKn \¬Ip∂{]tbm-

K-߃ (]-Z-ß-fpsS Bh¿Ø- \w) i_vZ-
`wKn \¬Ip∂ {]tbm-K߃ (A-£-c-ß-
fpsS Bh¿Ø\w Cc-´n-∏v)
a‰v {]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ
kz¥w A`n-{]mbw

3 Bk-zm-Z\ - I
- p-dn∏v
]qhns\ \p≈p-hm≥
`mhn-s®m-tcm-a-en≥
ssIhn-c-set¥m aSn®p \n∂p
t\mhn-°-bn√ Rm≥
Hmat\ \o ae¿°m-hns‚
hm’-ey kz-]v\-at√m
\n¶¬ hncp-h-Xo-i-z-c-kr-jvSn-X≥
k¶ev] kuμ-cyw Xs∂-bt√m
kz-—-am-sa≥apJw ImWp-tºm-g-Ωsb
A—-s\-tbm¿Ωn-°p-am-dp-s≠∂pw
apºn¬ \o \n¬°p-tºmƒ ]mcns‚
b—s\ ]nºn¬ Rm≥
tImƒa-bn¿ sIm≠v aqSpw
s]m∂p-sh-bn¬ \n\-t°-Ip-ap-Sp-∏n´pw
 12

sX∂-en-t\m-sSmØv \rØw sNbvXpw

D√-kn-®mepw \ob-¥n-bm-thm-fhpw
sN√p-ta-, ]ns∂-\o-bo-i-z-cs\
[ym-\n®p IÆp-a-S®p ab-ßpI
tX\ns‚ IqSt√m \n≥lr-Zbw
. Pn. i¶-c-Ip-dp∏v

PohNcn{XIpdn∏v

t]cv :
P\\w : 1927 sabv 10 . Xr»q¿, he∏m´v
]nXmhv : Rmbn∏n≈n C√Øv \oeIvWvT≥ aqkXv.
amXmhv : AXnbmcØv \mcmbWn AΩ.
hnZym`ymkw : aebmf hnZzm≥ ]co£ ]mkmbn.
tPmen : A[ym]I≥
{][m\IrXnIƒ : A£cs؉v, AarXIYIƒ, DuWv sXm´v Dd°w hsc,
hnØpw apØpw, Ip‰ns∏≥kn¬ , t\m¨sk≥kv
IhnXIƒ, sNdnb Ip´n°hnXIƒ, henbIp´n°
hnXIƒ.
]pckvImc߃ : tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan ]pckvImcw.
acWw : 2006
X∂ncn°p∂ kqN\Iƒ D]tbmKn®v Hcp PohNcn{XIpdn∏v Xømdm°pI.

PohNcn{X°pdn∏v kqNI߃

1. P\\w
2. amXm]nXm°ƒ
3. tkh\a\pjvTn® taJeIƒ
4. IrXnIƒ
5. Ahm¿UpIƒ
6. acWw
 13

XmcXayIpdn∏v
1. Hma\bpsS HmWw
a™t°mSnbpamsb∂—≥
s]mt∂mWØn\p hcpat√m!
IcnapIn¬ aqSnb hnÆn¬ shfn®w
ImhSn Xp≈nbW™t√m.
ap‰w sNØn shSn∏mt°Ww
]pØ≥ ]q°fsagptXWw
HmWØ∏s\ HØ\Sp°mbv
NmWw sagpInbncptØWw.
G‰pam\q¿ tkmaZmk≥

hnScmØ HmW∏q°ƒ

Ip´nIsfØn Ip‰n°m´n¬˛
s∏m´n hnS¿∂p s]mt∂mWw.
\Spap‰Øpt≈mWØ∏˛
∂St\Zn®p apØ»n
angnbW amXmthInb ajnsIm˛˛
s≠gpXn, IdpI∏q®qSn
Iman\n s]´nXpd∂nt´Inb
tImSnbe°nb apt≠msS
shfnbnendßn \St∂≥, s]m∂nf
shbnen¬ ]q°pw a\tamsS
Hf∏aÆ

kqNI߃

 e`yamsW¶n¬ IhnXbpsS t]cv, Ihn

 D≈S°w
 BibßfpsS XmcXayw.
 14

DØcamXrI

{io. G‰pam\q¿ tkmaZmks‚ Hma\bpsS HmWw F∂ IhnXbn¬

HmWsØ hcth¬°p∂Xn\p≈ aps∂mcp°ßsf°pdn®mWv Ihn kqNn∏n°p
∂Xv. . IqSmsX \Ωsft∏mseØs∂ {]IrXnbpw AWns™mcpßn HmWsØ
hcth¬°p∂Xmbn Ihn hniZoIcn°p∂p.

{io. Hf∏aÆbpsS hnScmØ HmW∏q°ƒ F∂ IhnXbn¬ HmWØn\mbn

]q°fsamcp°p∂Xpw HmWØ∏\v ASt\Zn°p∂Xpw
HmWt°mSnbpSp°p∂Xpsams°bmWv {]Xn]mZn°p∂Xv.

c≠v IhnXbnepw HmWsØ hcth¬°m≥ {]IrXnbpw \Ωfpw

Hcpßp∂Xns\°pdn®mWv hniZoIcn°p∂Xv. hfsc at\mlcamb hcnIfm¬
Cu Bib߃ hn\nabw sNøm≥ IhnIƒ {i≤n®n´p≠v.

XmcXay°pdn∏v Xømdm°mw

{]IrXn hncp≤¿
agpXn∂pagpXn∂p acamsI amdn
hgnamdn, agamdn, ]pgbmsI amdn
NndI‰ InfnIsf Npacn¬ Xd®p
KXnb‰ IcnIsf sIWnsh®p hogvØn
Ienh∂ ]penh∂p a\pjys\Øn∂p,
]penIfn, ]eXcw, sXcphn¬ \nc∂p.

1. Cu IhnXbn¬ B\ F∂¿∞w hcp∂ ]ZtaXv?.

2. Npacn¬ Xd®XmscbmWv.
3. Cu hcnIfnse BibsØ Rmh¬°mSv F∂ ]mT`mKsØ Bibhp
ambn _‘s∏SpØn Hcp XmcXay°pdn∏v Xømdm°p.

A\p`hIpdn∏v
Hcp t\csØ A∂Øn\mbn _p≤nap´p∂ Hcp]mSmfpIƒ \ap°p
Np‰nepap≠v. D®bv°v Ign°m≥ AΩ sImSpØb® tNmdpw GsdbnjvSs∏´
amßm®Ω¥nbpw hgntbmcsØ hr≤\p \¬Inb Ip´nsb hni∏v F∂ IYbn¬
 15

\Ωƒ I≠p.
CXpt]msebp≈ A\p`h߃ \n߃°p≠mbn´nt√...........................
Hc\p`hIpdn∏v FgpXn t\m°q.

kqNI߃

 XpS°w
 a\ n¬ X´p∂ `mj
 hmßvab ;Nn{Xw
 BibXpS¿®
 HSp°w

DØcamXrI

ag°me A\p`hw.

{io.H.F≥.hn Ipdn∏ns‚ IqSbn√mØh¿ F∂ IhnX Hcp ag°mem

A\p`hw IqSnbmWt√m. CXpt]mse as‰mcp ag°me A\p`hw hmbn°q.
A∂v \hw_¿ amkØnse Hcp Zn\ambncp∂p. sshIpt∂cw GItZiw
Hcp \mepaWnbmbn°mWpw . BImiØv Im¿taL߃ a’cn®v HgpIm≥
XpSßn. kph¿WtcJIƒ an∂¬∏nWcpIfmbn BImisØØn. A{]Xo£n
Xambn FØnb Xpemag Xp≈ns°mcpIpSw IWs° XI¿Øp s]øpIbmWv.
Nn∂p kv I qƒ hn´v hoSn\pap∂n¬ FØnsb¶nepw BsI Aºc∂p.
hoSn\pap∂nep≈ tXmSpw hbepsa√mw H∂mbncn°p∂p. DSp∏pb¿Øn]nSn®v
sh≈ØneqsSbßs\ ho´nseØnsb¶nepw DÆn°p´s\ I≠n√. km[mcW
Xm≥ FØp∂Xn\paptº DÆn°p´\mWt√m FØmdv. F∂pw k‘ybmIptºm
gmWv Iqen∏Wn°pt]mIp∂ AΩsbØmdp≈Xv. CSnbpsS i_vZw AhfpsS
lZbØn¬ \n∂mWv apgßnbXv. \nd™v ]pg IWs° HgpIp∂ tXmSv a\ n¬
an∂nad™p. DÆn°p´s\ D®Øn¬ hnfn®v sh≈ØneqsS Ahfßs\ HmSpI
bmWv . B i_vZw am{Xw AhnsS ams‰mensIm≠p. Ic™v \nehnfn°p∂
AhfpsS ap∂nte°Xm ssZhZqXs\t∏mse Hcmƒ DÆn°p´s‚ ssIøpw
]nSn®v \S∂p hcp∂p. ]p©ncnXqIn \n¬°p∂ Ahs\ amtdmSW®v tXßn
°cbpI bmbncp\hv\p. Ahƒ ....... kt¥mjm{ip°tfmsS .............
 16

IsØgpXmw.
DÆn DΩdØnÆbn¬ hnjan®ncn°pIbmWv. tN®n DÆnbpsS hnjmZapJw
I≠v ImcWat\zjn®p. tImhnUv I meØv X\n°v \jv S s∏´ kv I qƒ
Zn\ßfmbncp∂p. Ahs‚ a\ v \ndsb F¥pckIcambncp∂p Iq´pImtcmsSm∏
ap≈ \√ Zn\߃. F\n°v Ahscsbms° ImWWw kwkmcn°Ww. DÆn
tN®ntbmSv ]d™pAXns\¥m kvIqfn¬ t]mIm\mbns√¶nepw Iq´pIm¿°v
IsØgpXmat√m. Ah\v Iptd Bizmkambn. DÆn D‰ kplrØmb a\phn\v
IsØgpXm≥ XpSßn. Fs¥ms°bmbncn°pw a\p FgpXnbn´p≠mIpI.
Hs∂gpXn t\m°q.

kqNI߃
 LS\ ( ÿew, XnøXn)
 A`nkwt_m[\
 XpS°w
 D≈S°w
 D]kwlmcw

t\m´okv
Im´pXobn¬ \n∂v c£s∏´ Rmh¬°m´nse apXpapØ»\mb
Rmh¬acsØ temI ]cnÿnXn Zn\Øn¬ BZcn°p∂Xn\mbn Xømdm°nb
Hcp t\m´okmWv NphsS sImSpØncn°p∂Xv.

am\ytc
\ΩpsS GhcptSbpw B{ibamb Rmh¬acsØ temI ]cnÿnXn
Zn\Øn¬ BZcn°pIbmWv. Pq¨˛5 sshIo´v 4 aWn°v Rmh¬°m´n¬
sh®mWv ]cn]mSn. CXnte°v F√mhscbpw kmZcw £Wn°p∂p.
F∂v,
abneΩ
sk{I´dn
]cnÿnXn Zn\mtLmjIΩn‰n
Imcy]cn]mSnIƒ

Cuizc{]m¿∞\ : amSØ
A[y£≥ : D≠°Æ≥ aqß
 17

kzmKXw : abneΩ
DZvLmS\w : KcpUΩmh≥.
BZcn°¬ : IpbneΩ
BiwkIƒ : ssa\, Ipcphn, s]m∑m≥
\μn : ]®XØ
1) th\¬°me Ah[n Hcp thdn´ A\p`ham°n Xo¿°m\mbncp∂p
Ip´t‚bpw sseebptSbpw Xocpam\w. sXm´SpØ ho´nse d“m\pw Iq´n\mbn
FØn. F¥v XpSßpw, Irjnbmbmtem? ]®°dn IrjnsNømsa∂v sh®p.
asÆmcp°sØ°pdn®pw IrjncoXnsb°pdn®pw apXn¿∂htcmSpw A[ym]I
tcmSpw tNmZn®dn™p. F√mhcptSbpw , klmbØm¬ ]®°dntØm´w
Djmdmbn. {]Xo£n®Xnepw IqSpX¬ hnfshSpØp. Cu Ip´n I¿jIsc
]©mbØns‚ t\XrXzØn¬ BZcn°m≥ A[nImcnIƒ Xocpam\n®p.
AXn\mbn Hcp t\m´okv Xømdm°p.

BflIY
1. tImhnUv almamcnbpsS ]›mØeØn¬ s\lvdp t{Sm^n h≈wIfn
am‰nsh®t√m. Ign™ h¿jw \Sp`mKw Np≠\mbncp∂p t{Sm^n t\SnbXv.
Ip´\m´pIm¿ Bthtim÷zeambn XpS°w Ipdn® B Petafbnse tPXmhv
\Sp`mKw Np≠≥ Xs‚ BflIY ]dbm≥ XpSßn.
Fs¥ms°bmIpw \Sp`mKw Np≠\v ]dbm\p≠mhpI?
BflIY FgpXpI
kz´w A\p`ham¡n
\Ã XpS¡hpw bpÅ cN\
HSp¡hpw
Rm³, F\n- ¡ v,
Fsâ F¶n-§-s\-
bpÅ ]Z-{]-tbmKw
BßIY
Bib§fpsS
Hgp¡v

IgnªIme PohnXhpw
C¶s¯ AhØbpw
X½n XmcXayw
 18

DØcamXrI

a\ ns\ IpfncWnbn∏n® kt¥mjØns‚ Imeambncp∂p A∂v .

hf¿∂v ]¥en®v \n∂ncp∂ Hcp B™nen acØn¬ \n∂mbncp∂p Fs‚
XpS°w. \nch[n IemImc∑mcpsS IchncpXns\mSphnemWv F\n°v Cu cq]w
ssIh∂Xv. 1952 ¬ BZyambn Ip´\m´pImcpsS Ptem’hamb s\lvdp t{Sm^n
h≈wIfnbnte°v Rm\ndßnbt∏mgp≠mb B¿∏phnfnIfpw Bchßfpw C∂v
Fs‚ ImXpIfn¬ apgpßp∂p. Ft∂msSm∏w Fs‚ Iq´pImcmb Ggpt]cpw
a’cØn¬ Fs‚ sXm´p]n∂nep≠mbncp∂p. XmfØns\mØv h©n∏m´p]mSn
Fs∂ hnPbØnseØn°m≥ B™p Xpg™hsc Rm\n∂pw Hm¿°p∂p.
Nm®mPnsb hln®psIm≠p≈ B bm{X Hcp AhnkvacWobamb aplq¿Ø
ambn Rm≥ ImWp∂p. C∂v B¿∏p hnfnIfpw, Bchßfpan√msX ]p∂aS
°mben¬ h≈w Ifn°mbnRm≥ \n»_vZw ImØncn°pIbmWv. C\nbpw Cu
sImt®mfßsf ]pfI®m¿ØWnbn°m≥ F\n°mIpsa∂ {]Xo£tbmsS
.....................................................

1) BflIY ˛ Ie∏
]q°fsamcp°m≥ Xpº∏q]dn°m\mbn Hma\ ]pdtØ°ndßnb
Xmbncp∂p. sXm´SpØ sXmSnbnse {SmIvSdns‚ i_vZw tI´v sIm≠mWv
]q°sf√mw ]dn®Xv. {SmIvSdns\ Ipd®p t\cw t\m°n \n∂v Hma\ ho´n¬
Xncns®Ønbt∏mgmWv Hcp aqebn¬ s]mSn ]nSn®ncn°p∂ Ie∏ {i≤bn¬s∏´Xv.
Ahƒ Ie∏bpsS ASpsØØn. Hmat\ ....................... Ie∏ Xs‚ IY
Hma\tbmSv ]dbm≥ XpSßn Ie∏bpsS BflIY Xømdm°nbmtem?

]{Xhm¿Ø
1. ]p∂aS°mbense sImt®mfßsf ]pfI®m¿ØWnbn®v Np≠≥
h≈߃ an∂¬ thKØn¬ e£y ÿm\tØ°v apt∂dpIbmWv. hnPbw
X߃°msW∂v {]Jym]n®psIm≠v \Sp`mKw Np≠≥ ]m™SpØp. a‰v
h≈ßsf ]n¥≈n H∂masØ {Sm°neqsS Hcp ]S°pXncsbt∏mse ]d∂v
h∂v \Sp`mKw Np≠≥ hnPbs°mSn \m´n. apJymXnYnbmb C¥ybpsS {][m\
a{¥nbn¬ \n∂v Iym]v‰≥ kΩm\w G‰phmßn.
 19

ASpØ ZnhksØ ]{XØn¬ h∂ hm¿Ø Fßs\bmbncn°pw? FgpXn

t\m°p.

BIÀjIamb \S¶kw`hw kw`h¯nâ

Xes¡«v ImcWw

kw`hhpambn
]{XhmÀ¯
_Ôs¸«hÀ \S¶Øew

\S¶coXn kw`hw \S¶

kabw

DØcamXrI
Bthtim÷zeamb Petaf°v XpS°ambn.

Be∏pg: C∂se ]p∂aS°mbens\ ]pfI®m¿ØWnbn®v s\lvdp

t{Sm^n h≈wIfnbv°v XpS°ambn. F√m Np≠≥ h≈ßfpw an∂¬ thKØn¬
apt∂dm≥ {ians®¶nepw \Sp`mKw Np≠\mWv hnPbs°mSn \m´nbXv .
Ct©mSn©v t]mcm´ambncp∂ h≈wIfn°v \mμn°pdn®Xv C¥ybpsS {]Ya
{][m\a{¥nbmb Phl¿em¬ s\lvdphmWv. At±ltØmSp≈
BZckqNIambmWv s\lvdp t{Sm^n h≈wIfn F∂ t]cph∂Xv. \Sp`mKw
Np≠s‚ Iym]v‰≥ {][m\ a{¥nbn¬ \n∂v t{Sm^n G‰phmßn. B¿∏phnfnIfpw
Bchßfpambn Cu Petaf°v kam]\w Ipdn-®p.

2) am\ysc,
\ΩpsS GhcptSbpw B{ibamb Rmh¬acsØ temI]cnÿnXn
Zn\Øn¬ BZcn°pIbmWv. Pq¨ 5 sshIo´v 8 aWn°v Rmh¬°m´n¬ sh®mWv
]cn]mSn. F√mhtcbpw ]cn]mSnbnte°v kmZcw £Wn°p∂p.
F∂v,
abneΩ
sk{I´dn
]cnÿnXn Zn\mtLmjIΩn‰n
 20

Imcy]cn]mSnIƒ

Cuizc{]m¿∞\ : amSØ
A[y£≥ : D≠°Æ≥ aqß
kzmKXw : abneΩ
DZvLmS\w : KcpUΩmh≥.
BZcn°¬ : IpbneΩ
BiwkIƒ : ssa\, Ipcphn, s]m∑m≥
\μn : ]®XØ
]nt‰Znhkw h\i_vZw ]{XØn¬ hcm\nSbp≈ hm¿Ø Xømdm°p.

2. tImhnUvImeambXn\m¬ Ip´\pw sseebpw Hm¨sse≥ ¢mknse h¿°pIƒ

: F√mw sNbvXXn\ptijw ap‰Øv Ccn°pIbmbncp∂p. a\pjy i_vZØn¬
]m´p]mSns°m≠v B ssa\ ho≠paXm amhn≥ sImºØncn°p∂p. Ip´t\bpw
sseetbbpw I≠Xpw ssa\ ASpØv h∂ncp∂v ho≠pw ]mSn. tImhnUv
almamcnsb XSbm≥ {i≤nt°≠ Imcyßsf°pdn®mWv CØhWssa\
]mSnbXv. ]nt‰ ZnhksØ ]{XØn¬ h∂ hm¿Ø F¥mbncn°pw? FgpXn
t\m°q.

1. Np≠≥ sh≈ßfpsS \n¿ΩmWØn\p]tbmKn°p∂ XSntbXv?

D: B™nen
2. hninjvSmXnYnbmb s\lvdp aWvU]Ønte°p Ibdnbt∏mƒ BZc
kqNIambn 63 IXn\mshSnIƒ s]m´n. Cu 63 F∂ kwJy F¥ns\bmWv
A\pkvacn∏n°p∂Xv?
D: s\lvdphns‚hb ns\
3. Iq´Øn¬ s]SmØXv GXv?
(Xn¶ƒ, iin, Cμp, N{μnI)
D: N{μnI
4. ASnhcbn´ ]ZØn\v ]Icw ]Zw FgpXpI.
AΩ Ipfn Igns™Øn.
D: kv\m\w.
5. kvt\lhymlXn Xs∂ acWw Cu hcntbmSv tbmPn® BibtaXv?
(kvt\lamWv acWw, kvt\lw sIm≠v acn°p∂p, acn°ptºmƒ
kvt\lw C√mXmIp∂p, kvt\lans√¶n¬ acWØn\v XpeyamWv. )
D: kvt\lans√¶n¬ acWØn\v XpeyamWv.
 21

6. A£camem{IaØnsegpXp
({]XoIw, `{Zw, \uI, ]pecn)
D: \uI, ]pecn, {]XoIw, `{Zw
7. ⁄m\]oTtPXm°fn¬ Ct∏mƒ Pohn®ncn°p∂ aebmfn
(Fw.Sn hmkptZh≥ \mb¿, H.F≥.hn, A°nØw)
D: Fw.Sn hmkptZh≥ \mb¿

8. XqenIm\ma߃
1) kpawKe ˛ eoem\ºqXncn∏mSv
2) Ddq_v ˛ ]n.kn Ip´nIrjvW≥
3) Xnt°mSnb≥ ˛ Ip™\¥≥ \mb¿
4) \μ\m¿ ˛ ]n.kn tKm]me≥
5) hnemkn\n ˛ Fw. Ip´nIrjvWtat\m≥
6) am[hn°p´n ˛ IaemZmkv/Iaekpcø
7) kRvPb≥ ˛ Fw. cmapÆn\mb¿
8) CSt»cn ˛ CSt»cn tKmhnμ≥ \mb¿
9) A°nØw ˛ ANypX≥ \ºqXncn
10) Fkv.sI s]m‰°mSv ˛ i¶c≥Ip´n s]mt‰°mSv
11) B\μv ˛ k®nZm\μ≥