Test 4 Weeks 5-6 Acids and Bases Notes

Examples of Acids and Uses:

 HNO3 – nitric acid

o Manufacture of fertilizers
o Etch copper
 HCl – hydrochloric acid
o Found in stomach
o Cleans bricks
 CH3COOH – acetic/ethanoic acid
o Found in vinegar
o Preservation of foods

6 Properties of Aqueous Acids:

 Usually sour to taste

 Corrosive, pH less than 7
 Neutralise in alkali
 Are molecular in structure and will dissolve in water, to form an electrolyte
 Form H+ ions in an aqueous solution
 Turn litmus from blue to red

Acids Reactions:

 react with reactive metals  Salt + H2 (g)

 react with carbonates
 react with hydrogen carbonates
 react with metal oxides
 react with metal hydroxides
 react with metal sulphites
 react with metal sulphides
 Salt + H2O + CO2 (g)
 Salt + H2O + CO2 (g)
 Salt + H2O
 Salt + H2O
 Salt + SO2 (g)
 Salt + H2S (g)

Examples of Bases and Uses:

 NH3 - Ammonia
o Manufacture of Fertilisers
o Manufacture of Detergents
o Manufacture of Explosives
 NaOH – Sodium hydroxides
o Used in soaps and detergents
o Extraction of Aluminium
 NaHCO3 – Sodium hydrogen carbonate
o Baking (Bicarb of soda)
o Medicine
Properties of Aqueous Bases:

 Slippery to touch (soaps)

 Bitter to taste
 Corrosive, pH greater than 7
 Turn litmus red to blue
 React with acids to form salt and water (neutralisation)
 They are electrolytes (conduct electricity)
 Form OH- ions in solution
 Are usually ionic substances (salts)
 Are generally metal oxides or hydroxide

Base Reactions:

Base + acid  salt + water

Base + ammonium salts  salt + water + ammonia

Please Stop Calling me a cute zebra instead tell laura how copper saves gold

Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium

Carbon

Zinc Iron Tin Lead Mercury

Hydrogen

Copper Silver Gold