Richmond Paul T.

Baculinao

1. What is the t-value of the t-distribution with a 1% and n = 18 under the one-tailed test?

The t-value for a one-tailed test with 1% significance level and 18 degrees of freedom is 2.878. according

to the t value table

2 What is the area under the t-distribution from -1.771 tot 2.160 at df=13?

Using a t-table, we find that the t-value corresponding to the lower bound -1.771 at df = 13 is -1.771 and

the t-value corresponding to the upper bound 2.160 is 2.160. We can then look up the values in the t-table

to find the probabilities associated with each t-value. The area under the t-distribution between these two

t-values is the sum of these probabilities.

Using a t-table, the probability associated with a t-value of -1.771 at df = 13 is 0.050 (from the row for df =

13 and column for 0.025). The probability associated with a t-value of 2.160 at df = 13 is also 0.050 (from

the row for df = 13 and column for 0.975). The area under the t-distribution between these two t-values is

the sum of these probabilities, which is:

0.050 + 0.050 = 0.100

Therefore, the area under the t-distribution from -1.771 to 2.160 at df = 13 is 0.100 or 10%.

We can use the t-distribution to calculate the probability of getting a sample mean within a certain range.

a. To find the probability of getting a sample mean greater than 185 units per day, we need to calculate
the t-value and the corresponding probability using the formula:

t = (x - μ) / (s / sqrt(n))

where x = 185, μ = 175, s = 30, and n = 20.

t = (185 - 175) / (30 / sqrt(20)) = 1.825

Using a t-table or a software tool that can calculate t-distribution probabilities, we can find the probability
associated with a t-value of 1.825 and 19 degrees of freedom (df = n - 1). For a one-tailed test with alpha
= 0.05, the critical t-value is 1.729. Since our calculated t-value is greater than the critical t-value, the
corresponding probability will be less than alpha = 0.05.

The probability of getting a sample mean greater than 185 units per day is therefore less than 0.05.
b. To find the probability of getting a sample mean between 160 and 180 units per day, we can calculate
the t-values and the corresponding probabilities for each endpoint using the same formula as above.

For x = 160:

t = (160 - 175) / (30 / sqrt(20)) = -2.121

The probability associated with a t-value of -2.121 and 19 degrees of freedom is 0.025 (from the row for df
= 19 and column for 0.025).

For x = 180:

t = (180 - 175) / (30 / sqrt(20)) = 0.912

The probability associated with a t-value of 0.912 and 19 degrees of freedom is 0.185 (from the row for df
= 19 and column for 0.450).

To find the probability of getting a sample mean between 160 and 180 units per day, we need to find the
area under the t-distribution between these two t-values.

Probability = 0.185 - 0.025 = 0.160

The probability of getting a sample mean between 160 and 180 units per day is 0.160 or 16%.
4.A study is conducted to compare the performance of students with more than one personal electronic
gadget and those with only one. A number of them were taken as subjects for the study. The mean
grades of these students and their standard deviations are shown below.

With one gadget:

Mean:83
Standard deviation: 12
Sample size: 7

With more than one gadget:

Mean:79
Standard deviation: 13
Sample size: 5

Is it possible to conclude that there is no significant difference in the mean grades of the two types of
students at a 95% confidence level?

The null hypothesis is that there is no significant difference in the mean grades of the two types of
students, while the alternative hypothesis is that there is a significant difference.

We can calculate the test statistic as:

t = (x1 - x2) / sqrt((s1^2/n1) + (s2^2/n2))

where x1 and x2 are the sample means, s1 and s2 are the sample standard deviations, and n1 and n2
are the sample sizes.

Plugging in the values given, we get:

t = (83 - 79) / sqrt((12^2/7) + (13^2/5)) = 1.11

Using a t-distribution table with (7+5-2) = 10 degrees of freedom and a 95% confidence level, the critical
t-value is approximately 2.306.

Since the calculated t-value (1.11) is less than the critical t-value (2.306), we fail to reject the null
hypothesis. Therefore, we can conclude that there is not enough evidence to suggest that there is a
significant difference in the mean grades of the two types of students at a 95% confidence level.