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Ultimate Moment, Axial Load and Analysis of Column
Ultimate Moment, Axial Load and Analysis of Column
Ultimate Moment, Axial Load and Analysis of Column
2. Structural Analysis
In the design of earthquake resistant building structure, an integrated of
structural analysis is required. Normally, the bending moment and axial load
of the structure subjected to dead load, live load, earthquake loads and com-
bination of them are required.
The principle of basic structural analysis is still used in the design, since
some modifications are required.
3,6 0,88 0,62 0,7
4,6 2,4
13,17 12,95 4,60 4,87 9,95 9,92 3,03 2,67 1,99 1,98 1,99 2,35
Fig.8.2 Beam and column moments according to Left to right and right to left EQ directions
2,25 5,24 3,69 2,02 2,14 0,03 0,02 2,03
14,36 24,67 23,41 12,96 1,96 0,14 0,17 2,28
7,76 15,14 12,73 6,97 7,01 0,61 6,32
42,40 60,15 60,77 38,81 6,15 0,45 1,49 7,20
Fig.8.3 Gravity column axial loads and column axial under EQ loads
-15,56 -10,29 -14,03 -15,67 -9,98 -13,75
+3,14 +2,85
+1,55 +6,30 +4,20 +5,51
-48,20 -46,83 -49,27 -45,62
-23,14 -22,94
+44,75 -78,90 +21,63 +51,87 -80,70 -81,69 +43,11 -36,01 +21,36 -81,28 +53,92
-36,21
+14,51
+29,40 +33,46
-80,2 -81,20
-33,60
+36,90 +16,85
+44,71
Lbi H 'ka
M u ,ka
M kap ,i
L 'bi M u ,ka
H ka
M kap,i M u ,kac
M kap,a M u ,kbc
Lba M u ,kb
L'bi M kap,i
M kap ,a
L 'ba L'bi L'ba
Lbi L'ba Lba
Lba Lbi
Lba
M kap,ca M kap,a 8.1.a)
L'ba
Lbi 8.1.b)
M kap,ci M kap,i
L'bi
Sum of the beam moment capacities at the center of the column therefore,
Lba Lbi
M kap,c L' M kap,a L' M kap,i 8.2)
ba bi
The sum of the beam’s moment capacities is transferred into the up and
bottom column’s moment at the center of beam Mu,kac and Mu,kbc by the
distribution coefficient of a and b, therefore,
Lba Lbi
M u ,kac a .0,7 M kap,a M kap,i 8.3.a)
Lba Lbi
Lba Lbi
M u ,kbc b .0,7 M kap,a M kap,i 8.3.b)
Lba Lbi
Where the constant 0,7 is a coefficient to transfer from the capacity level
into ultimate level.
By considering the net column height and gross height of the column,
the up and bottom ultimate column end moments become,
H ka Lba Lbi
M u ,ka a .0,7 M kap,a M kap,i 8.4.a)
H ka
Lba Lbi
H kb Lba Lbi
M u ,kb b .0,7 M kap,a M kap,i 8.4.b)
H kb
Lba Lbi
Where H’k and Hk respectively are the net and gross column height and a
and b refer to “atas” and “bawah”
The designed column ultimate moments according to Eq. 8.4.a) and Eq.8.4.b)
are column moment according to equivalent static earthquake load. Paulay
and Priestley (1992) clearly discussed that the are significant column ampli-
fication when the building is subjected to an earthquake dynamic loading.
Accordingly, al dynamic magnification allowance d is introduced, therefore,
the designed ultimate column moment at the beam faces becomes,
H ka Lba Lbi
M u ,ka a . 0,7 M kap,a M kap,i 8.5.a)
H ka
Lba Lbi
H kb Lba Lbi
M u ,kb b . 0,7 M kap,a M kap,i 8.5.b)
H kb
Lba Lbi
However, SKSNI 1991 stated that the ultimate column moment is no
necessarily grater than the following formula ,
4 8.7)
M u ,k 1,05 M DL M LL .M E
K
When the limited ductility is desired, the SKSNI 1991 gives the ultimate
column moment such as,
M u ,k 1,05 M DL M LL d .K .M E 8.8)
Numerical Example :
It is necessary to collect/set up the beam’s moment capacity such as shown
in Fig. 8.7. The inner left column is used as a case as indicated by joints
A,B and C in Fig.8.7. Two directions of earthquake loading are considered
such as shown in Fig. 8.9.
35/70 30/60 35/70
4,00
B 40/75 B 40/60 40/75
Fig. 8.7 Mkap due to right to left EQ loading Fig. 8.8 Element preliminary dimensions
If the beam moment capacities framing at joints A, B are considered then
those beam’s moment capacity are in the following figure.
Mu,ka Mu,ka 76,76 62,40
41,14 87,37
C C C C
147,50 64,36
Mu,kb Mu,kb 76,76 62,40
Fig. 8.9 Joint moments for 2-EQ directions Fig. 8.10 Muk from 2-EQ directions
a. Left to right EQ b. Right left EQ
1) Joint C 1) Joint C
3,25 9,25 6,3 3,25 9,25 6,3
M u ,ka 0,5.1,3. 0,7 147,5 41,14 M u ,ka 0,5.1,3. 0,7 87,37 64,36
4 8,5 5,5 4 8,5 5,5
76,76 tfm 62,40 tfm
2) Joint B 2) Joint B
3,25 9,25 6,3 3,25 9,25 6,3
M u ,ka 0,5.1,3. 0,7 131,54 28,23 M u ,ka 0,5.1,3. 0,7 70,67 63,33
4 8,5 5,5 4 8,5 5,5
64,87 tfm 55,25 tfm
64,87 21,05
M u ,kb 1,052,06 0,115 104,2 111,69 tfm
111,69
A A