C

od
e:
SI
D
Indo-US

U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
SIDUPSC

PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
  You will be, the part of best team i.e team
“SIDUPSC”

C
SUBSCRIBE  Membership to group “Bureaucrats of the

PS
future”

Use code  Assured telephonic guidance and

U
mentoring by ME.

D
“SIDUPSC”

SI
 Discounts while taking subscription.
 Extra value addition material will be
e: provided.
od
 Proper guidance + Plus Content + Your hard
C

work = Sure Success

 C
PS
U
D
SI
Time e:
od
3 PM Monday to Friday
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
Indo-U.S.A

PS
C
An Intro

C
• USA worlds oldest, India world largest
democracy.

PS
• Roosevelt in 1945 gave special emphasis for
India's independence.

U
• According to Gallup's annual World Affairs
survey, India is perceived by Americans as

D
their sixth favorite nation in the world, with

SI
71% of Americans viewing India favorably in
2015

contribute towards e:
• Nearly 1 million Indians live in US and
remittances.
od
• Official status “global strategic partners”
C
 American imports from India amounted to $46.6 billion
or 2% of its overall imports, and 15.3% of India's overall

C
exports in 2015. The 10 major commodities exported from
India to the US were

PS
1. Gems, precious metals and coins ($9.5 billion)
2. Pharmaceuticals ($6.1 billion)

U
3. Oil ($2.8 billion)

The Trade

D
4. Machinery: $2.5 billion
5. Other textiles, worn clothing: $2.5 billion

SI
6. Clothing (not knit or crochet): $2.2 billion
7. Organic chemicals: $2.1 billion

e:8. Knit or crochet clothing: $1.7 billion

od
9. Vehicles: $1.4 billion
10.Iron or steel products: $1.3 billion
C
 American exports to India amounted to $20.5
billion or 5.2% of India's overall imports in 2015.
The 10 major commodities exported from the US to

C
India were:
1.Gems, precious metals and coins ($3.4 billion)

PS
2.Machinery $3 billion
3.Electronic equipment $1.6 billion

U
The Trade 4.Medical, technical equipment: $1.4 billion

D
5.Oil $1.3 billion

SI
6.Aircraft, spacecraft: $1.1 billion
7.Plastics: $815.9 million

e:8.Organic chemicals: $799.4 million

od
9.Other chemical goods: $769.1 million
10.Fruits, nuts: $684.7 million
C
 C
• PM Nehru visits US in 1949, before

PS
visit he proclaimed his policy of non
alignment.
Phase I

U
• NAM, 1961 Belgrade to remain non
allied, USA did not trust India as well

D
as its non alignment in genuine sense.
(1947 till 1971)

SI
• 1959 Eisenhower came to India who
has an active policy of containment
e: of communism. It should be noted
despite being N.A India sided with
od
China in Korean crisis and did not
support US in UNGA.
C
 In 1962 war started with China,
Nehru requested help from US.
1. US helped India recognized

C
McMohan line as Indo-

PS
China border.
2. Countries in NAM
supported China, USSR

U
remained neutral.

D
3. USA was ready to provide
arms and air support, even

SI
dispatched USS enterprise
to threaten China.

e: 4. USA kept on providing

military and economic aid
od
IIT Kanpur is an example of
it.
C
• In 1965 war with Pak US maintained a neutral stance despite being
an ally of Pakistan.

C
• However India continued to give preference to USSR, which become
mediator in Tashkent agreement (1966).

PS
• After this US sided with Pakistan and India forged treaty of peace

U
and friendship with USSR in 1971.

D
• The Nixon administration’s support for Pakistan during the Indo-
Pakistani War of 1971 affected relations until the dissolution of the

SI
Soviet Union in 1991.

e:
• During phases of cold war USA did not have any India specific policy
but a cumulative South Asia policy.
od
• India closed economy further restricted economic interaction.
C
 C
PS
U
D
Phase II (1971-1991)

SI
e:
od
C
Smiling Buddha 1984

C
The focus was India’s nuclear Bhopal gas tragedy witnessed lack of

PS
nonproliferation, 1974 Pokharan cooperation by US
experiment further deteriorated

U
relations.

D
SI
In 1982 Indira Gandhi visited US main
concern was to address India’s nuclear

e:
program. However, there was no
achievement.
od
1982
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
Phase III (End of
cold war 1991 to

C
2005)

PS
• Bi polar to Unipolar

U
world (1991).

D
• New Economic

SI
Policy -1991.
• The search of new
economic partners e:
od
across the globe.
C
 • India, Russia & China to form RIC
triangle.

C
• India does not join NPT (Nuclear non

PS
proliferation treaty) and CTBT
(Comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty)
• 1998 Pokhran tests were further irritant

U
(Sanctions).
Phase III

D
• USA now compelled India to sign CTBT

SI
• 1999 for the first time US sided India in
Kargil war.

e: • 2000 Bill Clinton visit India (after 22

years)  the beginning of “strategic
od
partnership”.
C
 C
• In 2001 USA lifted sanctions &

PS
called India a natural ally.
• Strategic partnership led

U
foundation of civil nuclear
Phase III

D
cooperation.

SI
• Cooperation in space and high
e: technology.
od
C
 C
PS
• Man Mohan Singh paid a visit to US and
finalized 123 agreement.

U
• Defence framework was also signed for 10
Phase IV

D
years

SI
• In 2016 USA granted India status of major
defence partner (at par with US ally)
e:
od
C
 123 Agreement or Civil Nuclear Deal 2005

C
PS
• It ended nuclear isolation of India

U
• It recognized India as a responsible nuclear weapon state.

D
• Under this India agreed to separates in civil and military nuke facilities while placing
civil nuke under IAEA in return US agreed for full nuclear cooperation and a waiver

SI
from NSG group.
• It recognized India's record being qualitative without being a signatory to NPT, on
e:
the other hand China supported nuclear weapons program of Pakistan and
proliferation of missile program of Iran and N.Korea.
od
• It opened India’s entry into MTCR (G7 now 35), Australia group(43) and Wassenaar
arrangement(42)
C

• Civil liability in nuclear damage act 2010 (an irritant for nuclear suppliers).
 • Called Indo-US friendship as

C
most defining friendship of
2010 Obama

PS
21st century.
visit • Promised US support for

U
India's seat in UNSC

D
SI
• But expressed concerns over
civil liabilities under Indian
e: act.
od
C
 • Only POTUS to visit India twice.

C
• Only POTUS invited as chief guest on

PS
Republic day.

2015 • Modi resolved US concerns over civil

U
nuclear issue.

D
Obama visit • India US defence framework was renewed

SI
for 10 years

e: • DTTI Defence trade technology Initiative

was signed .
od
C
 C
PS
U
D
SI
Indo-U.S.A
CURRENT-ISSUES e:
od
C
 C
PS
U
D
SI
e:
Developments under Trump
od
(2016)
C
• India given status of major defence partner
• Released South Asia strategy acknowledging India’s

C
constructive role in Afghanistan and Indian ocean

PS
• 2+2 dialogue started in 2018
• Legion of Merit awarded to Narendra Modi

U
• On 21 December 2020, President of the United

D
States Donald Trump awarded Modi with
the Legion of Merit for elevating India–United

SI
States relations. The Legion of Merit was awarded
to Modi along with Prime Minister of
e:
Australia Scott Morrison and former Prime
Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe, the "original
od
architects" of the QUAD.
C
 • Exercise Malabar is a trilateral naval exercise
involving the United States, Japan and India as
permanent partners. Originally begun in

C
1992 (2019 edition held in Japan).

PS
• In 2020 it was held in Bay of Bengal with
Recent Australia's participation in the drills in 2020, it
was the first time in 13 years that all members of

U
developments the regional grouping known as the Quad will be

D
engaging militarily.

SI
• Recently (October 2021), the Navies of the Quad
(Quadrilateral Framework) Nations (India, the
e:United States, Japan, and Australia) have
od
participated in the 25th edition of the Malabar
Exercise, which began off the coast of Guam in
C

the Pacific Ocean.

 AUKUS
• Recently, the US has announced a new trilateral s ecurity partners hip for

C
the Indo-Pacific, between Aus tralia, the UK and the US (AUKUS).

PS
• The m ajor highlight of this arrangem ent is the s haring of US nuclear s ubmarine
technology to Aus tralia.

U
• As part of this initiative, Aus tralia will acquire nuclear-powered s ubm arines with

D
help from the UK and the US (till now only with UK).
• Australia is now set to join an elite group of only six countries – India, the

SI
US, the UK, France, Russia and China – that operate nuclear-powered
submarines. It will also be the only country to have
e:
such submarines without having a civilian nuclear power industry.
od
• The Five Eyes alliance is an intelligence-s haring arrangement between five
Englis h-s peaking dem ocracies : the US, UK, Canada, Aus tralia and New Zealand .
C
Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR 2021

C
• Recently, Special Forces of India and the USA conducted the joint

PS
military exercise ‘VAJRA PRAHAR 2021’ in Himachal Pradesh. It is
conducted alternatively in each nation.

U
• This is the 11th edition of the exercise conducted at Special Forces

D
Training School located at Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh.

SI
• Earlier, India and the USA navy had carried out a two-day Passage
Exercise (PASSEX) in the eastern Indian Ocean Region.

e:
od
C
 Exercise Yudh Abhyas (Army).

C
PS
Cope India (Air Force).
Indo-USA

U
D
SI
Red Flag (USA’s multilateral air
exercise). <2008/2016>

e:
Malabar Exercise (trilateral naval
od
exercise of India, USA and Japan).
C
Military agreements

C
PS
General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA)
• It was signed in 2002 between India and USA.

U
• GSOMIA paved the way for greater technology cooperation in the military sector.

D
• It allows the sharing of classified information from the U.S. government and American companies with the
Government of India and Defense Public Sector Undertakings (DPSU) but not with Indian private companies.

SI
Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA)
• This is a logistics support agreement signed in 2016.

e:
• It gives both the nations access to each other’s military facilities. But it does not make it automatic or
obligatory.
od
• It is a tweaked India-specific version of the Logistics Support Agreement (LSA) which the U.S. has with
several countries it has close military to military cooperation.
• The agreement will primarily cover four areas — port calls, joint exercises, training and Humanitarian
C

Assistance and Disaster Relief. Any other requirement has to be agreed upon by both sides on a case-by-
case basis.
Military agreements

C
PS
Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA)
• The agreement was signed in 2018.

U
• COMCASA is an India-specific version of the Communication and Information on Security Memorandum of Agreement

D
(CISMOA). It comes into force immediately and is valid for a period 10 years.
• It would facilitate access to advanced defense systems and enable India to optimally utilize its existing U.S.-origin

SI
platforms. COMCASA allows India to procure transfer specialized equipment for encrypted communications for US origin
military platforms like the C-17, C-130 and P-8Is.
Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA)

e:
• BECA is last of the four foundational agreements. It has been signed between the two nations.
od
• It facilitates exchange of geospatial information. It would set a framework through which the US could share sensitive
data to aid targeting and navigation with India.
• These agreements can bring military advantage to India though they have been politically contentious. Also, it is feared
C

that they may undermine India’s military autonomy.

New security strategy of US

C
PS
U
• "Indo-Pacific" phrase

D
instead of "Asia

SI
Pacific” in US security
frame work.

e: • It include west coast of

od
India to east coast of
USA.
C
 Hinderance towards a healthy partnership

C
PS
Threatens to put India in India lost to US at WTO
GSP removal “priority foreign nation” under domestic content
Restrictions on API

U
under “special 301 reports” requirement clause and
(generalized system of accuse India of having a poor imports (WTO) national treatment in
preferences)

D
IPR (generic drugs Novartis
case) procuring solar panel.

SI
US not providing
CAATSA for adversaries Recent trade war to
financial aid to fight
an irritant for Indo-
Russia and Indo-Iran
e:
HIB visa and H4 visa
issue
limit steel imports from
nations like India and
climate change, Paris
od
agreement and UNEP
relations China.
programs.
C
 The Future

C
PS
• Optimism reigns as Joe Biden takes the presidency, although there are serious differences.

U
• Vice President Kamala Harris expressed concern about the situation in Kashmir when
she was a senator in 2019.

D
• Both countries are concerned about the growing maritime presence and influence of

SI
China. Indians are optimistic that the Biden administration will ease visa requirements for
Indian immigration as well as its entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group.
• Both countries hope to see increased trade. The U.S. is concerned about India′s

e:
coziness with Russia on defense issues and its energy relationship with Iran despite
U.S. sanctions.
od
• The s tage has been s et for trans forming India’s partners hip with the US. Afghanis tan
rem ains a key area of continuing concern for both India and the US and both s ides are
C

now looking at the bigger challenges emerging in the Indo-Pacific, driven by the ris e and
as s ertion of China.
 C
Telegram Channel: SIDUPSC

PS
U
D
SI
Time e:
od
3 PM Monday to Friday
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
SIDUPSC

PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
  You will be, the part of best team i.e team
“SIDUPSC”

C
SUBSCRIBE  Membership to group “Bureaucrats of the

PS
future”

Use code  Assured telephonic guidance and

U
mentoring by ME.

D
“SIDUPSC”

SI
 Discounts while taking subscription.
 Extra value addition material will be
e: provided.
od
 Proper guidance + Plus Content + Your hard
C

work = Sure Success

C
od
e:
SI
D
U
PS
C
 Unacademy Subscription
Plus Iconic

C
Use Code ‘SIDUPSC’ to get 10% off!

PS
U
D
SI
e:
od
C
 Combo Subscription
Plus Iconic

C
Use Code ‘SIDUPSC’ to get 10% off!

PS
U
D
SI
e:
od
C
 Unacademy Optional Subscription

C
PS
Original Price Price after 10% off

U
D
SI
e:
od
C

Use Code ‘SIDUPSC’ to get 10% off!

 SIDUPSC
Get maximum discount

C
Use Code:

PS
SIDUPSC

U
D
SI
Like, Share, and
Subscribe!
e:
od
C