Johann Friedrich Höger

Johann Friedrich (Fritz) Höger (12 June 1877 – 21 June 1949) was a German
architect from Bekenreihe, Steinburg, Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany.
Although never qualified as an architect, he became known for his Brick
Expressionist style of architecture.

Contents
Early life
Architecture
War
Fritz Höger Award
References

Early life Chilehaus in Hamburg by Fritz Höger

Höger was the eldest of six siblings in a family who ran a small carpentry business.
At the age of 14, Höger trained as a carpenter in Elmshorn and then went on to Hamburg for his masters which was completed in
1899. Following this he joined the architectural firm Lundt and Kallmorgen in Hamburg, where he worked as a technical draftsman.
After his four-year stint there, Höger joined the company of his future father-in-law, Fritz Oldenburg, and married Fritz's daughter
Annie in 1905.[1][2]

Architecture
Höger is renowned for his use of brick, in the style of Brick Expressionism. Höger
opened his own architecture office in 1907, but because of his lack of higher
education he was not admitted to the Association of German Architects. Regardless,
he received many commissions for private homes around Hamburg. It was during
this time that Höger established his style with the use of bricks, particularly clinker
bricks, which are more robust and frost resistant due to the higher temperature they
are fired at. Höger's style was seen in the 'dished house' which is now home to the
department store Kaufhof. It features a strong vertical and horizontal layout with the
Anzeiger-Hochhaus, Hannover at
placement of the eaves and stepped floors, a technique which became typical to
night
Höger's style of building.[1][2]

Höger's preference for the use of brick was along the lines of ideas espoused by
Fritz
Schumacher, the Hamburg chief architect beginning in 1909; Schumacher expounded his ideas in polemical writings, including the
book Das Wesen des neuzeitlichen Backsteinbaues (The Essence of the Modern Brick Building), which appeared around 1920.[3][4]
Like Schumacher, Höger thought brick and clinker brick showed an "earthiness" that was familiar to the German people, particularly
.[3]
because these materials were typical for Northern Germany

His best-known work is the Chilehaus in Hamburg, constructed between 1922-24 for saltpeter importer Henry B. (Chile) Sloman.
The office block features a curving facade reminiscent of a ship's hull, coming together at a sharp angle on the corners of Pumpen and
Niedernstrasse.[5]
Höger constructed several other buildings, more prominently a publishing office which included a planetarium, the Anzeiger-
Hochhaus (Gazette-Building) between 1927-1928. The 51m high building was the first skyscraper in Hannover.[6] It features a now
green copper dome and red clinker bricks offset with a decorative gold. The dome originally housed a planetarium, and is now a
cinema.[7][8]

Other notable works include theKirche am Hohenzollernplatzin Berlin and the Wilhelmshaven town hall.

In 1927 Höger joined the cultural staff of the Völkischer Beobachter[9] and joined
the NSDAP in 1932.

War
From 1914 to 1918 Höger completed his military duty in the first world war in
Flanders, France.

Later during World War II Höger sympathized with National Socialism (Nazism)
and joined the party in 1932. However his expressionistic style did not meet Hitler's
Garbáty cigarette factory inBerlin-
taste. As Höger did not follow the preferred classicist marble style of Nazi
Pankow
architecture, he could not obtain a position as state architect.

Fritz Höger Award

For the first time in 2008, the Fritz Höger Prize was awarded for excellence in brick architecture. The initiative goes for buildings
with brick, with winners in the categories of detached or semi-detached houses, apartment buildings, office, commercial, leisure and
sport, as well as public buildings. In addition, two awards for Passive House and restoration and sustainability have been awarded.
1.[1][2]
The competition is endowed with 10,000 euros. The next competition brief was planned for 2010/201

References
1. (German) Fritz Höger
2. Architectuul: Fritz Höger(http://architectuul.com/architect/fritz-hoger)
3. (German) "Der Architeckt [Johann Friedrich, genannt Fritz, Höger](http://www.bauverein-kah.de/kirche/index12.shtm
l)." Bauverein der Kirche Am Hohenzollernplatz zu Berlin-Wilmersdorf e. .V(Building association of the church at
Hohenzollernplatz, Berlin; www.bauverein-kah.de). Retrieved 2015-06-06.
4. Schumacher, Fritz [1920?]. Das Wesen des neuzeitlichen Backsteinbaues. München: Verlag von Georg D. W.
Callwey. Preface by Schumacher dated 1917.Full text (http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/CADAL/B31447570/)available online
from the University of Hong Kong Libraries. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
5. Architectuul: Chile House(http://architectuul.com/architecture/chile-house)
6. (German) Anzeiger-Hochhaus
7. (German) Hochhaus Lichtspeile(http://www.hochhaus-lichtspiele.de/pages/infos/anzeiger-hochhaus.php)
8. Architectuul: Anzeiger-Hochhaus(http://architectuul.com/architecture/anzeiger-hochhaus)
9. Der Landschaftsmaler Edmund Steppes (1873-1968) und seine iV
sion einer "Deutschen Malerei"(http://d-nb.info/95
7860471/34), Dissertation, Andreas Zoller, Page 177

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