CHAPTER -1

INTRDUCTION
This is a project on clap switch which can switch on/off any electrical circuit by the
sound of a clap. The operation of the circuit is simple. If we clap the lamp turns on and to switch
it off clap again. The condenser microphone picks up the sound of your claps, coughs and the
sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a small electrical signal which is amplified
by the succeeding transistor stage. Two transistors cross connected as a bi-stable multi vibrator
change state at each signal. One of these transistors drives a heavier transistor which controls a
lamp. This circuit can switch on and off a light, a fan or a radio etc by the sound of a clap.

This circuit is constructed using basic electronic components like resistors, transistors,
relay, transformer, capacitors. This circuit turns ‘ON’ light for the first clap. The light turns ON
till the next clap. For the next clap the light turns off. This circuit works with 9v voltage.
Therefore a step down transformer 9v is employed. This working of this circuit is based on
amplifying nature of the transistor, switching nature of transistors, relay as an electronic switch .
basically , this is a sound operated switch.
 CHAPTER -2
2.1 Circuit diagram
2.2 Working principle
The basic principle of this clap switch circuit is that it converts sound signal into
electrical energy. Condenser Mic basically converts sound energy into electrical energy, that in
turns used to trigger IC4017, through a transistor.

These sounds vibrations are given to the base point of transistor (Q) BC 547 (a NPN
transistor). It amplifies the sound collected by the Mic. Collector point of the Transistor (Q2) is
connected with base point of another Transistor (Q1) Now Transistor (Q1) collector point is
connected with IC point 14 which is clock point. When clock is received from Amplifier
Transistor BC557 IC4017 is a decade counter IC which is wired as a toggle switch.

Pin 4 is connected to the reset pin 15 so that further counting restricted, Pin 8 & 13 are
connected then make ground connection to negative rail. Pin 16 is connected with positive
terminal of the battery. Anode of an LED is connected with pin 2 cathode of an LED is
connected to the resistor (R4). Connect the resistor at necessary point of the circuit. When the
Mic receives the clap sound, red LED (indicator LED) turns on.
2.3 Components Required
 IC 4017
 Condenser Microphone
 Transistor : BC 547 (2)
 Resistors : 100K (2), 330 Ω
 LED
 Batteries :9v (1) an battery clips
 Breadboard
 Breadboard Connectors
IC 4017:

CD4017 or HCF4017BE or 74HC4017 is a CMOS decade counter/ Divider. It has 16

pins and this counter has 10 decoded outputs. This is known also as 10 stages ‘Johnson decade
counter. It has total 10 outputs. when a clock signal from the clock input is given then output
turns to Highly one by one in sequence. When the clock input is given to input, at each pulse of
the clock input signal the output turns on in sequence.

CD4017 is the most popular IC which is widely used in various applications like Binary
counter, Decoder, Decade counter, Frequency division, etc. This is more useful in different types
of projects like Light Chaser, Remote controlled Switch, Alarm, Touch ON-OFF switch, Clap
switch, Matrix Die etc.
Condenser Microphone

The very low mass an inertia of the diaphragm results in the microphone having a flat and
extended frequency response. In fact condenser microphones offer the widest frequency response
an best transient response of any microphone allowing them to faithfully pick up the attack of a
drum or the “pick” of an acoustic guitar. Also, condenser microphones usually offer much higher
sensitivity and lower noise than dynamic microphones.

However the basic microphone element requires a low noise preamplifier to ensure that
the microphone element is not loaded. It also requires power for the capacitor and preamplifier.
This is normally provided as phantom power from the mixer, or from a small battery within the
microphone.
Transistor: BC 547 (2)

Learn how to use the BC547 NPN transistor as a switch. We will first switch the BC547 using a
push button, and then will transition to test with an Arduino. The BC547 is an NPN biopolar
junction transistor (BJT). BJTs can be used to amplify analog signals, but they can be used as
switches as well. Here we’ll show how to use as a switch.

The example to show this will be based on lighting a bright LED that will need a voltage and
current larger than what an Arduino UNO IO pin can supply. Transistors operating as switches
work by allowing a large current to flow through the collector when a small current flows
through the base. In this example the LED operates between 9V – 14.8V at a current of 15 mA,
which is above the voltage and current of the Arduino UNO.
Resistors: 100K (2), 330 Ω

Resistors are the most common passive electronic component (one that does not require
power to operate). They are used to control voltages and currents. While a resistor is a very basic
component, there are many ways to manufacture them. Each style has its own characteristics that
make it desirable in certain types of applications. Choosing the right type of resistor is important
to making high-performance or precision circuits work well. This bonus chapter covers the
resistor types and helps with picking the right one for your project.

All resistors are basically just a piece of conducting material with a specific value of
resistance. For that piece of conducting material to be made into a practical resistor, a pair of
electrodes and leads are attached so current can flow. The resistor is then coated with an
insulating material to protect the conducting material from the surrounding environment and vice
versa. There are several different resistor construction methods and body styles (or packages)
that are designed for a certain range of applied voltage, power dissipation, or other
considerations. The construction of the resistor can affect its
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED):

LED is an electronic light source, LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many kinds of electronics
and increasingly for lighting. LEDs work by the effect of electroluminescence. LEDs are based
on the semiconductor diode. When the diode is forward biased, electronics can recombine with
holes and energy is released in the form of light. This effect is called electroluminescence and
the color of the light is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor.

Batteries: 9v (1) an battery clips

9V battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external combinations
for powering electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, and electric cars. When a
battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal
is the anode. Primary batteries are used once and discarded, as the electrode materials are
irreversibly changed during discharge. Secondary batteries can be discharged and recharged
multiple times using an applied electric current.
Breadboard

Breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. These holes easily
insert electronic components to build and test an early version of an electronic circuit, like this
one with a battery, switch, resistors, and an LED. Certain parts of the breadboard are wired
together so that electricity can flow component to component in orderly rows.

Breadboard Connectors

Connecting wires provide a medium to an electrical current so that they can travel from one point
on a circuit to another. In case of computers, wires are embedded into circuit boards to carry
pulses of electricity. Most wires in computers and electronics components are made of copper or
aluminum, because copper is cheap and electrically conductive. In a basic circuit, the wire from
one terminal of a power source then connects to a switch that determines whether the circuit is
open or closed.
 CHAPTER -3
3.1 ADVANTAGES
1. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired person.
2. We can turn something (e.g. a lamp) on and off from any location in the room (e.g. while
lying in the bed) simply by clapping our hands.
3. Low cost and reliable circuit.
4. Complete elimination of man power.
5. Energy efficient.

3.2 DISADVATAGES

1. It is generally cumbersome to have to clap one9s hands to turn something on or off and it
is generally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a traditional light switch.
2. Unless we use a filter in the circuit, it is not that advantageous. So that circuit activates
only for clap of particular frequencies and then it becomes accurate.
3.3 APPLICATIONS

1. Clap activated switch device will serve well in different phono-controlled applications.
2. Clap switch is generally used for a light, television, radio or similar electronic device
that the person will want to turn on/off from bed.
3. This circuit functions on using the sound energy provided by the clap which is converted
into electrical energy by condenser microphone . Using this converted electrical energy
which is used to turn on relay (an electronic switch).
4. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired person.
5. The major advantage of a clap switch is that you can turn something (e.g. a lamp) on and
off from any location in the room (e.g. while lying in bed) simply by clapping your
hands.
6. The major disadvantage is that it's generally cumbersome to have to clap one's hands to
turn something on or off and it's generally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a
traditional light switch.
CHAPTER - 4

CONCLUSION

The clap activated switching device function properly by responding to both hand claps
at about three to four meter away and finger tap sound at very close range, since both are low
frequency sounds and produce the same pulse wave features. The resulting device is realizable,
has good reliability and it9s relatively inexpensive. Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose
PCB and enclose it in a suitable box. This circuit is very useful in field of electronic circuits. By
using some modification it area of application can be extended in various fields. It can be used to
raised alarm in security system with a noise, and also used at the place where silence needed.
CHAPTER - 5
REFERENCES
1. www.scribd.com
2. www.electronicschematics.in
3. www.circuiteasy.com
4. www.kpsec.com
5. www.buildcircuit.com
6. www.electronicsforu.com