38 | Public Spaces Public spaces are the stages fo human contact in les. They ae at once ples to gt, se and be Enjoy the views f the plszas, square, pocket parks, large public gathering fons crowds, and Spaces, pomenades, verloos, or other spaces open toall. Human contact of cours, lo aces on tes paral inthe pedestrian zones 0 es are have ted inchapteray, and in pulbliercreaton areas that, Sop bn death moray tater his tn space Programs for urban public spaces vary ‘The lanes publ spaces have symbolic and cere nial purposes, such as Tiananmen Squire in Being, the Nationa! Mall in Washington, or Chy Hall laa t thousands of local res ning championships, local etal These spaces run the danger o Inge events, and thei landscape needs tobe atc ‘ive even when nt fled with people. Smaller publle spaces may be principally designed to elevate the aus of age pub or priate ulin such asthe plazas at Chicago's or San Fanclos cvc enters ot ‘he Seagram Building in New York, Bgiable Rul ing in Chicago, and the ground eve publi space at ong Kong's HSBC Building, Or they may be con scious ese a stage for pobl if ke Pace New Yor. They may afer respite from the intensity ‘fthe surrounding ety, as does Bryant Park in New York and he publicspaes of Tokge Midtown OF they maybe a quiet sanctuary o be discovered os New Yorks Publi Library or Vancouve filled with people seated on a sunny d suceesfal deg of public spaces le deciding upon a, eauseoat ran nimaginaie program fom the outset, while ving room forthe space toe disconered by thers and used as people deseSvocesstl Pabe Speces ly drawn on a site pln, but eauring that they work intended is another ater, The smart planner wil alo lok locally for examples fof spaces that are recess and draw concasions fhout what contributes t thei succes. Projet for Publle Spaces, which has evaluated thousands of public spaces throughout the word has eoncladed {hat succesful spees have four ey ques they are accessible; people are engaged in ates ther; the pace is comfortable snd has god image and they are sociable places [Projet for Public paces 2005). ‘When creating poble spaces, the planner neds to. sttend to several factor. Public spaces need to be are enough to preserve social Aistances avoid beng spropated by individuals for groups whose presence discourages others fom meting der. As we ave noted the sone of socal space typically extends 34m (10-5) outward rom individuals standing or cated A distance of 20-23 {0 read the fico expression of another Indal (Gehl and Gemzoe 3996), 0 one becomes anonymous, Intermediate zones within rer pcs, with dimen slons hac range rom 61 (20) 25m (0) can be public" while promoting soil exchange Most successful public squires ae no ager than 70-10 m (20-208 in thei smal dimension (eh ‘nd Gemzoe 399), alehough In high-density eas of ‘China, activity canbe sustained over an are wie that si. uch depends foe onthe ange faites considered hate concrete wasteland tale ee velopment with seen lawns, sida alle shaded Hortons mox poplar space an ed wh people slong 4 wel ar fed rote The route "t etre ‘ewe through the space or slong gs wth spacer acto theese for activites in ehe space, while proving an assur ance that others are psig by. sel analogy iso Imagine a publi space as re with aveas of bordered by eds. Edis ned to he in sae wt the flows. The most diticule public spaces have flows~deaiend brackish pools that stagnate feast viitors Tes also important 1 ge the dimensions of ‘hr channel ight A narrow channel eating oe spa lined with constston workers eating neh may dete ‘women fom entering space. A walkway through pace maybe oo arrow to allow people tn op and tl lortake advantage othe opportaniies alge Whit may note pssbleto limite people entering apace itisessenia eo provide adequate sca dstanee ath Tn temperate climates, the presence of sun isthe most ltportant determinant of were pedesans wil ech Siting he sun a popular pastime inion right, Sind the presence of good slight extends the atv Savon of publi spaces by months ino the springand fal Ben light slope wl Increase the sun exposure ‘warmth or reflecting surtaces that warm cae sis ‘rend the seasons even further Sunlight eam always esha if is too warm, but ehere Is no reals tte ii s absent As res, nortacing pubic paces (in the Norther Hemispere) are seldom cee a those th fe south, San Panes pro Ibis new buildings that wood educe the sunlight falingon publ spces oles han two hours during ‘he idle ofthe day. Im hot, sunny climates, shade isthe conikion ring sought. The eats in Change dey for seats under an wml while n Meso seats beneath great ees inthe Zao are ata premium. Awning thet can be exende or tetracted Unehe sun ates aero the sky are a splendid solution, long su co warm the ety moenng and evening Write protecting those seated during the Deat of Dida. lays useful o ple the pattern of sun {ha shadows from surounding buildings in decking nthe locations for acttes ina space.Publie spaces having the ance bindd by direct sun Regular ores of space may hive no diffeuly in sect those they know osiking up soessaton Gren ino pool il also deaw their mathers together the ee, and may encourage ee contact and fe" twos teen them The Crow Fountain at Chicago's tose game of anticipating when they will be showered ty water, wth patents watching on the sidlines This prowess of triangulation using objets bring peoplelable spaces (Whyte 198) Watching other people soften the bet farm of| tsangultion group older men lake ina game of bocce oF boules wll undoubtedly ds aot of ‘atal ober, who will dncus tatgy and me fond: guess the competitor. Chest tales unfaligly aeeact wannabe chers masters. Aluth of spectators il generally form at the margins ofa plcup game ‘of barketall or handball. Sret musilans, Rutan Uunflingly draw a cele of viewers, trading smiles, ‘comments of embarassment that they have sped {0 watch, Allowing spaces to be animated spontane ‘us or by audition (as one mstin heavily populated Places), provides the exeure fr pedestrians to top, ‘experience, and make contact with others Food The common denominator of the most succesfl ble spaces the presence of fod ean eke many fox rom formal cas: sewalk eas pling out into the space, pains selling food taken to ney shine, tthe Shake Shaka oder day hanburget assure that large sj 3 structures undergo a tnsformason every evening Tang motile itchen, food dsplays, ad ables with ‘halts are moved into the space afer business hours, onverting the if formal spaces into lel outdo mcearedy “ining places By morning, the space i “leaned, and ready forthe onslaught of businessmen. Soci Atos {Mier or when there bs favorable climate, puble Tpucescan become the outdoor ving rom ofthe ety People go to them to meet lends ad conerse, but hey mayb verve the tings or informal oon for ai ch gtherings inthe early morning, walking the bids later in the morning, ear playing and petty tpmbling inthe afternoon, sd ballroom dancing in fhe evening, Large dancing cis wth tei distinctive "shins often aim ple plazas on weekends and ve rings, och othe dismay of ther neighbors who wish thatthe musi woud be dialed down, n good weather, tables for table ennsnaybe ace upand used on fist ome fst served bass, Large pli spaces wl ne ably draw children and adults practicing thee Kite fying skills ad showing of thelr ers. Al of these nts help crete and maintain Social isin the Community and shouldbe encouraged ‘Other aetites may no Be universally welome ‘teenagers ave atasted to public spaces that have eps and walls ad seating that wil provide achat Tenging skateboard course fe lps to ave places for theifrends to perch as they show ff Such activites Ie hard om surfaces nd gencraly ds thers tof the space, The solution a we have noted in chapter {fis wo create castor designed skateboard pars Fckersean lb bea snc, invading the pac of those enjoying the public pace or occupying valuable ground space with her wares. Crating marketplace jst off the man space may sole this Festls and Spactacles Regular and programmed festivals are sure way 19 eset resents and vistors to public spaces, and “poces need to be designed to accommodate them. ‘These events are aso a way to showeas the special sctiies oh ty and bing residents and interest soups ngeter to mee and covers. Most ies ave outdoor at fis, European ces host christ marty aeglar steam summer concerts okt public squresin owt Ameican cites, and. no Meson Tocalo woul ele without itsbandstand Fes ‘thes and caval ides ave become the fshion dx owing ight and ie in evening ut he salle, ever chang orn chiles festa ais fashion sows, Tuts wel asthe dytme the public space ts being panne. sega, oe and removed Single ven, using medlr framing and fe if performatces ae toe continua they nena incorporated int the design ofthe spe Sage tngand sound ystems can then beategaed sce and becktage a storage facies ronan’ Bordering Uses Occasional events wil ring people toa publ space much ofthetine Get pblespaces dw theca fom the saroundings. Te bulings and we ‘nicer negra withthe pubic space canes n ‘ith shops vie col wally or nde se ‘seam between public and private spaces renin alls tildrens pay rel and portions tat shoul ante and thee are longo a sharing pre and pedestrian mes with cree pups of ee a asl gendarme on fot maybe alta od Storie fis pai rt ele mene Alon, sopping sews: hawker om spropann too much space abd dispersing rowdy cow le 2 night. However, the gro of drug use In Publ ‘and acts of vleneo eur ely opre has forced anew emphasis on security Parca in North mei, where uso public spoce el ‘hey are ner who sd what thy wll encunter here are a nine of ati a mae paces hoeplable Ones tome pracy wena tat he homces donot poropiste pia and open spaces Creing homes shlerseewhere, sting therm wrth tet workers who are led ot encouraging the Homes to ove to sheers and if necesary eet ing lc ins tht probit homeless om seeping om sidewall and pb paces ae mines that have proved eet (Phy reals erential in ell Imates where hotles run the ik of danger tom at hey ae vie rom surounding dewalt ieatnighenalingpestan to sete opens foe entering Sightines it publ space alo aw them ob pated ore easly by seryofcer tothe spac, ven ter ar ial ery eamer ray be inal oo tat the spac an be monitored, and sect personne doped otter spot Ini pedestians shoul be nord hat they are being monitored when they ener space. Mont Public spaces are now being monitored remote, tamings oro. And ls posible tur he tbls by ‘owing what isbeing seen om the secu cameras 0 ae in Times Square are show onthe space’ Jumboons ‘Another dimension of recut current needing atention unfortunately sensing that billings nd “rds ae maf om those who would hase her with ia ‘ipenvesor ther hens Buildings high symbolicfes, courts, embassies, stock exchanges, markets and other places where large crowds may pthc. re sing arses to keep vehicles ou of publ spaces or ‘ay fom buildings an essential measure although ‘many important structures are located dieeiy on sidewalls and only human monitoring is practical Inovatve secur barcers need not be oppresie ‘hey can function as seating for pedetians while roteting agaist vehicles, they can een blow the paerment when nt needed oth tay hr ingest {nwo the landscape as 3 he Washington Monument All ofthese measures only protect against the most obvious threats limstely the only rea secu pro tection is viglnce by those occupying spacey end Loca Pate Spaces Spaces set In neighborhoods or local commercial sets help anchor the identity of a ate whl connecting people through caval contact. hey ean ‘as smal satiny square wth few benches, ot largess Philadephia’ four squares that gets center ‘i neighborhoods their names. They ean be geet Paces, in Savanna graceful resident sghare, ‘€poved areas asin many of Barcelona's residential Plas. There are many choices, bu all ha ae uc- ‘ssf exhibit the lay qualities noted abovethey se accessible, tract act, are comortbl, ted oppor sociation. When they ae auceesl they come an epithe he es den, complementing ter home eps Places of work oecond plas) (Oldenburg sy eral and Greley Square Pars ar angular mips in New York ly nen # (Goby som) crete on lac tha ha islands for amostacentury. Thee forma 0 ish been cate 2225 vo eat ry St Ya Heraia Square Parkrn people throughout the yer na Aiterene climate and culture, St Alekseev Square in arden (in summer), and landscape lining the rest thatcrete ede of pac fr separate atven. The mal spaces used for all manner of cvs, inl Ing dancing clas that pracie and perform on many summer evenings. Resident so join in, mimicking the members ome o enjoy beer wih ends bots, or make new fends. The ees of space lining the sidewalk tthe perimeter offer plaes fr diverse Interests a wadtlonal mie group practicing thelr Piss pea prong fr necting and showing ele mechani unig op ‘he square becomes place for al ie seulpeares and chiens play in the snow. Residents know they ean Bnd ther here tho ‘hi place fora shout ehe year and ite rue by Paul Phillppe retin, approximately sys 145181), (2-4) inst, The plan sora its walkways encourage diagonal movement eeross the square between the eden neighborhood to ‘he north, and the cust walk lined with benches roldes a route wlhin the square to meet sn gest others. wean proves shade a sommer and becomes cain of ihr ding te winery before heading to work, at eho predominate ling led with people enjoying the sum or picnicking with families or ends, Ritenhouse Square hasbeenone ofthe best pli spaces nthe US for eneration, ‘reas the areas around ithave changed, binging net people and activist ts paces Jacobs 99), tuck routines of ses people ae simply note fan iar with what thas to ofer Expose can be provides ‘by ving a oetion that dws people though a by the space, but sometimes this is not enough to ett cht ane destination. One strategy ito se intense chit prgramming to et people ita and using ne space, by erating fests, evens, and special oc Sion, Harbouiront on Toontswatrfon, pent cn sears animating ts pli spaces through events sd ‘chal atts, ivting people tn dncoveran ana that many had never ited. Temporary venes we onstrated for these purposes, and overtime tho ‘hae were socesfal were made permanent. sitar "tategy is Being sed to animate Charsse Pa, te enterplece of Liverpool's regeneration projet, Li pool One. Is gorgeous open space, undiscovered by loca residents, has Become a fine venue snd events, using demountable ruts to suppo ces As more people experience the public it should aac turn vistors seeking ae the dense urban suroundings, of looking fora tosocaie ee