Real Numbers: Topic-1

CHAPTER
SECTION
B
1 REAL NUMBERS
TOPIC-1
Euclid’s Division Lemma and Fundamental Theorem
of Arithmetic
WORKSHEET-1
Solutions 4. 240 = 228 × 1 + 12 1
and 228 = 12 × 19 + 0
1. The given number ends in 5. Hence it is a multiple
⇒ HCF of 240 and 228 = 12 1
of 5. Therefore it is a composite number.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1 5. HCF of 324 and 252 = 36
HCF of 36 and 180 = 36
2. k  \ HCF of 180, 252 and 324 is 36.
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 3
k. 2  6.
LCM of 18, 24 and 36 is 72. 1½

HCF of k . 3  is k. 72 ) 999999 ( 13888
 999936 ½
k. 2 2 
 63 → Remainder ½
k. 5
2 \ Required number = 9,99,936. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 7.
Prime factors of :
378 = 2 × 33 × 7 1
3. 90 = 2 × 32 × 5 180 = 22 × 32 × 5 1
and 144 = 24 × 32 420 = 22 × 3 × 7 × 5 1
HCF = 2 × 32 = 18 1 \ HCF = 2 × 3 1
4 2 = 6
LCM = 2 × 3 × 5 = 720 1
No, because HCF × LCM ≠ Product of three
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] numbers.
qqq
WORKSHEET-2
Solutions 3. y = 5 × 13 = 65
and x = 3 × 195 = 585
1.
a and b are two positive integers such that the least
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2
prime factor of a is 3 and the least prime factor of b
is 5. Then least prime factor of (a + b) is 2. 1 4. 11130 = 5565 × 2
2. Given HCF (306, 1,314) = 18
LCM (306, 1,314) = ? 2 5565 = 1855 × 3 ½
Let a = 306
b = 1,314 1
3 1855 = 371 × 5 ½
We know that
a × b = LCM (a, b) × HCF (a, b)
⇒
306 × 1,314 = LCM (a, b) × 18 5 371 = 53 × 7
306 × 1, 314
⇒ LCM (a, b) =
18 371
7 53 = ½
\ LCM (306, 1,314) = 22,338 1 7
∴
x = 11,130 ½
S OLUT I ONS P-1

5. Let n be any positive integer. 6.
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic : Every
By Eucild’s division lemma, n = 5q + r, 0 ≤ r < 5 composite number can be expressed as the
n = 5q, 5q + 1, 5q + 2, 5q + 3 or 5q + 4, where q∈ ω product of powers of primes and this factorization
q is a whole number in unique.
now n2 = (5q)2 = 25q2 = 5(5q2) = 5m 2520 = 23 × 32 × 5 × 7 1
n2 = (5q + 1)2 = 25q2 + 10q + 1 = 5m + 1 10530 = 2 × 34 × 5 × 13 1
n2 = (5q + 2)2 = 25q2 + 20q + 4 = 5m + 4
\ LCM = 23 × 34 × 5 × 7 × 13 1
Similarly n2 = (5q + 3)2 = 5m + 4
= 294840 1
and n2 = (5q + 4)2 = 5m + 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Thus square of any positive integer cannot be of
the form 5m + 2 or 5m + 3.
qqq
WORKSHEET-3
Solutions = a composite number
[Product of more than two factors] 2
1. The smallest prime number is 2 and the smallest [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
composite number is 22. 5. By using Euclid’s Division Lemma, we have
Hence, required HCF (22, 2) = 2 1 92690 = 7378 × 12 + 4154 ½
9 , 009 Again we apply Euclid’s Division Lemma of divisor
2. a = = 3 ½
3, 003 7,378 and remainder 4154
7378 = 4154 × 1 + 3,224
1, 001 4154 = 3224 ×1 + 930
b = = 7 ½
143 3224 = 930 × 3 + 434
Since 143 = 11 × 13, so c = 11 or 13 ½ 930 = 434 × 2 + 62
and d = 13 or 11. ½ 434 = 62 × 7 + 0
3. HCF (92690, 7378) = 62 1
Now, using Euclid’s Divison Lemma on 7161 and
6762 = 2 × 3381 ½
62, we have
7161 = 62 × 115 + 31 ½
2 3381 ½ Again, applying Euclid’s Division Lemma on divisor
62 and remainder 31
62 = 31 × 2 + 0
3 1127 = 7 × 161 Now, HCF (7161, 62) = HCF (62, 31) = 31
Hence, HCF of 92690, 7378 and 7161 is 31. 1
6. If 6n ends with 0, then it must have 5 as a factor.
7 161
But we know that only prime factor of 6n are 2 and
3.
7 23 =
161 ½ ∴ 6n = (2 × 3)n = 2n × 3n
7
From the fundamental theorem of arithmetic,
∴ Composite number, x = 6762. ½ we know that the prime factorization of every
4. 3 × 12 × 101 + 4 = 4(3 × 3 × 101 + 1) composite numbers is unique.
= 4(909 + 1) ∴ 6n can never end with 0. 4
= 4(910) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
WORKSHEET-4
Solutions = 32 × 5
= 9×5
HCF of 33 × 5 and 32 × 52
1. = 45 1
P-2 MA TH EMA T I C S - X
2. (7 × 13 × 11) + 11 = 11 × (7 × 13 + 1) The bells will toll together after 180 minutes. 1
= 11 × (91 + 1) 6. 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 24
= 11 × 92 = 11 × 2 × 2 × 23 1 36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 22 × 32
and (7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1) + 3
HCF (16, 36) = 2 × 2
= 3 (7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 2 × 1 + 1)
= 4
= 3 × (1681) = 3 × 41 × 41
LCM (16, 36) = 24 × 32
which is a composite number (more than one prime
factor). 1 = 16 × 9
= 144 1
3. 1656) 4025 (2
We can check HCF and LCM are correct or wrong by
–3312 using formula
713)1656(2 HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = Product of the numbers
–1426 = a × b 1
230)713(3 Product of the HCF and LCM should be equal to
– 690 product of the numbers.
23)230(10 1 ⇒ 4 × 144 = 16 × 36
–230 ⇒ 576 = 576
0 ⇒ LHS = RHS 1
Hence HCF (1,656, 4,025) = 23 1 Hence our answer is correct.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2013] 7. Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic : Every
2 composite number can be expressed as a product
4. 1,200 = 4 × 3 × (2 × 5)
of primes and decomposition is unique, apart
= 24 × 3 × 52
from the order in which the prime factors occur.
The smallest natural number is 3.
HCF = 24
LCM = 540
5. To find LCM (9, 12, 15) 1
9 = 3 × 3 LCM 540
Let’s calculate = = 22.5 not an integer
12 = 2 × 2 × 3 HCF 24
15 = 3 × 5 Since LCM is always a multiple of HCF, hence, two
∴ LCM (9, 12, 15) = 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 5 numbers cannot have HCF and LCM as 24 and 540
= 180 minutes 1 respectively. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 4
qqq
WORKSHEET-5
Solutions So, a = 4q, 4q + 1, 4q + 2, 4q + 3
Clearly, a = 4q, 4q + 2 are even, as they are divisible
1. We know that a × b = HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) by 2. Therefore A cannot be 4q, 4q + 2 as a is odd.
⇒ 1,800 = 12 × LCM (a, b) But 4q + 1, 4q + 3 are odd, as they are not divisible
1, 800 by 2.
⇒ LCM (a, b) = = 150 1
12 ∴ Any positive odd integer is of the form (4q + 1) or

2. Let a be any positive integer ½ (4q + 3). 1
By division algorithm 4.
No.
a = 6q + r, where 0 ≤ r < 6 15 does not divide 175.
\ a = 6q, 6q + 1, 6q + 2, 6q + 3, 6q + 4, 6q + 5 ½
LCM of two numbers should be exactly divisible by
their HCF. 1
But a is an even integer ½
∴ Two numbers cannot have their HCF as 15 and
\ a = 6q, 6q + 2, 6q+ 4 ½ LCM as 175. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 5. By Euclid’s division algorithm,
3. By Euclid’s division algorithm, 510 = 92 × 5 + 50
a = bq + r 92 = 50 × 1 + 42
Take b = 4 50 = 42 × 1 + 8
∴ Since 0 ≤ r < 4, r = 0, 1, 2, 3 1 42 = 8 × 5 + 2 1
S OLUT I ONS P-3

and 8 = 2 × 4 + 0 6.
We have 117 = 65 × 1 + 52
HCF (510, 92) = 2 65 = 52 × 1 + 13
92 = 22 × 23 and 52 = 13 × 4 + 0 1
510 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 17 Hence, HCF = 13
LCM (510, 92) = 22 × 23 × 3 × 5 × 17 ∴ 65m – 117 = 13
⇒ 65m = 117 + 13 = 130
= 23460
130
HCF (510, 92) × LCM (510, 92) ∴ m = = 2 1
65
= 2 × 23460 = 46920 1
Now, 65 = 13 × 5
Product of two numbers = 510 × 92 = 46920
117 = 32 × 13
⇒ HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers 1
LCM = 13 × 5 × 32 = 585 1
qqq
TOPIC-2
Irrational Numbers, Terminating and Non-
Terminating Recurring Decimals
WORKSHEET-6
Solutions 15 5 15 25 5 25
4. + = × + × 1
4 40 4 25 40 25
1.
The decimal expansion of a rational number
p 375 125
terminates, if the denominator of rational no. , 1 = +
q 100 1000
when p and q are co-primes and q can be expressed = 3.75 + 0.125 = 3.875 1
as 2m5n. where m and n are non-negative integers. 5.
Let x = 0.3178
3 3
e.g. = 1 = 0.3
10 1 ⇒
x = .3178178178... 1
2 ×5
⇒ 10,000x = 3178.178178...

⇒ 10x = 3.178178...

1 7 1 Subtracting, 9990x = 3175 1
Since ×
2. = = 0.01.
7 100 100 3175 635
⇒ x = = 1
7 9990 1998
Thus smallest rational number is 1
100
6.
If possible, let 3 be a rational number.
a
3. Let 5 6 be a rational number, which can be put (i) ∴ = 3 , where a and b are integers and co-primes
a b
in the form , where b ≠ 0 ; a and b are co-prime.
b Squaring both sides, we have
a a2
∴ 5 6 = ½ = 3
b b2

a
6 = ⇒ a2 = 3b2
5b 2
⇒ a is divisible by 3
6 = rational ½ ∴ a is divisible by 3. ....(i)
⇒

we can write a = 3c for some c (integer)
But, we know that 6 is an irrational number.
(3c)2 = 3b2
Thus, our assumption is wrong.
⇒ 9c2 = 3b2

Hence, 5 6 is an irrational number. 1
⇒ b2 = 3c2
2
⇒ b is divisible by 3
⇒ b is divisible by 3 ....(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii), we have p
⇒ 2 3 = −7
3 is a factor of a and b which is contradicting the fact q

that a and b are co-primes.
p − 7q
Thus, our assumption that 3 is rational number is ⇒ 2 3 =
q
wrong.
2 p − 7q
Hence, 3 is an irrational number. ⇒ 3 =
2q

(ii) let us assume to contrary that 7 + 2 3 is a rational
p – 7q and 2q both are integers, hence 3 is a
number.
p rational number.
∴ 7 + 2 3 = , q ≠ 0 and p, q ∈ Integer But this contradicts the fact that 3 is irrational
q

number. Hence 7 + 2 3 is an irrational number. 2
p
7 + 2 3 =
q

qqq
WORKSHEET-7
Solutions ⇒ 3b2 = a2
⇒ a2 is divisible by 3
1.
A rational number is either terminating or non- ∴ a is divisible by 3 ...(i)
terminating repeating. ½
An irrational number is non-terminating and non- We can write a = 3c for some integer c
repeating. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ½ ⇒ a2 = 9c2
⇒ 3b2 = 9c2
3 3 ⇒ b2 = 3c2 1
2. = 3
8 2 ⇒ b2 is divisible by 3
3 × 53 ⇒ b is divisible by 3 ...(ii)
= From equations (i) and (ii), we get 3 as a factor of ‘a’
2 3 × 53
and ‘b’,
375 which is contradicting the fact that a and b are co-
=
10 3
primes. Hence our assumption that 3 is a rational
375
= number, is false. So 3 is an irrational number. 1
1, 000
5.
Let 2 be a rational number.
= 0.375 1
a
3. Denominator = 500 ∴ 2 = ,
b
= 22 × 53 1
(a, b are co-prime integers and b ≠ 0)
Decimal expansion,
257 257 × 2 514 a = 2b
= = 3
2
500 2 × 2 × 5 3
10 Squaring, a = 2b2
2
1
2
⇒ 2 divides a

= 0.514 1
⇒ 2 divides a.

So we can write a = 2c for some integer c, substitute
4.
Let 3 be a rational number. for a, 2b2 = 4c2, b2 = 2c2
a This means 2 divides b2, so 2 divides b.
3 = .
b
∴ a and b have ‘2’ as a common factor.
1
(a and b are integers and co-primes)
But this contradicts that a, b have no common factor
On squaring both the sides,
2
other than 1.
a
3 = 2 1 ∴ Our assumption is wrong.

b
S OLUT I ONS P-5

Hence, 2 is irrational. 3b
⇒ 2 = 1
a
3
Let be rational 3b
2 is rational but 2 is not rational.
a
3
\
= a , where a and b are ∴ Our assumption is wrong.

2 b
integers, b ≠ 0 3
∴ is irrational. 1
⇒ 3b =
2a 2
qqq
WORKSHEET-8
Solutions 30 = 12 × 2 + 6 ...(ii)
12 = 6 × 2 + 0 ...(iii)
HOTS & Value Based Questions HCF (30, 72) = 6 1
1. Let x = 571 6 = 30 – 12 × 2 [From (ii)]
⇒ x = 571 6 = 30 – (72 – 30 × 2) × 2
Now 571 lies between the perfect squares of (23)2 [From (i)]
and (24)2 6 = 30 – 2 × 72 + 30 × 4
Prime numbers less than 24 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 6 = 30 (1 + 4) – 72 × 2
19, 23. 1 6 = 30 × 5 + 72 × (– 2)
Since 571 is not divisible by any of the above ∴ x = 5, y = – 2 1
numbers.
Also, 6 = 30 × 5 + 72(– 2) + 30 × 72 – 30 × 72 1
So, 571 is a prime number. 1
6 = 30 × (77) + 72 × (–32)
2. The required number is the LCM of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
∴ x = 77, y = – 32
8, 9, 10 1
Hence, x and y are not unique.
∴ LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 7
= 2520 1 5. (i) Required number of minutes is the LCM of 18
and 12.
3. Let the number of columns be x.
18 = 2 × 32
x is the largest number, which should divide both
104 and 96 and 12 = 22 × 3 1
104 = 96 × 1 + 8 1 ∴ LCM of 18 and 12 = 22 × 32 = 36
96 = 8 × 12 + 0 1 Hence, Ravish and Priya will meet again at the
∴ HCF of 104 and 96 is 8 1 starting point after 36 minutes. 1
Hence, 8 columns are required. 1 (ii) LCM of numbers. 1
4. Using Euclid’s algorithm, the HCF (30, 72) (iii)
Healthy competition is necessary for personal
development and progress. 1
72 = 30 × 2 + 12 ...(i)
qqq
CHAPTER
SECTION
B
2 POLYNOMIALS
TOPIC-1
Zeroes of a Polynomial and Relationship between Zeroes
and Coefficients of Quadratic Polynomials
WORKSHEET-9
Solutions Factors of x2 + 7x + 12 :
6.
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
Coefficient of x 2
⇒ x + 4x + 3x + 12 = 0
1. Sum of the roots = –
Coefficient of x 2 ⇒ x(x + 4) +3(x + 4) = 0

 b ⇒ (x + 4) (x + 3) = 0

⇒ a + b = –  - 
 a ⇒ x = – 4, –3 ...(i) 1
b Let 4 3 2
p’(x) = x + 7x + 7x + px + q
= 1
a If p(x) is exactly divisible by x2 + 7x + 12, then
x = – 4 and x = – 3 are zeroes of p(x) [from eq (i)] 1
2.
Product of roots (zeroes)
p(x) = x4 + 7x3 + 7x2 + px + q
2a 2
= = α. p(– 4) = (– 4)4 + 7(– 4)3 + 7(– 4)2 + p(– 4) + q
1 α 1
but p(– 4) = 0
⇒ 2a = 2
⇒ a = 1 \
0 = 256 – 448 + 112 – 4p + q
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ⇒
0 = – 4p + q – 80
 f (x) = x2 – 2x
3. 1 ⇒ 4p – q = – 80
...(ii)
= x (x – 2) 4 3 2
and p(–3) = (–3) + 7(–3) + 7(–3) + p(–3) + q
i.e. f (x) = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or x = 2
Hence, zeroes are 0 & 2. 1 but p(–3) = 0
\
0 = 81 – 189 + 63 – 3p + q
4.
Let p (x) = 3 x2 – 8x + 4 3
⇒
0 = –3 p + q – 45 1
= 3 x2 – 6x – 2x + 4 3 1 ⇒ 3p – q = – 45
...(iii)
= 3 x (x – 2 3 ) – 2(x – 2 3 ) On solving eq. (ii) and eq. (iii) by elimination
= ( 3 x – 2) (x – 2 3 ) method, we get
2 4p – q = – 80
∴ Zeroes are , x= ,2 3 1
3 3p – q = – 45
2 – + +
Given, a and are the zeroes of x2 + 4x + 2a.
5.
α
p = – 35
We know that, On putting the value of p in eq. (i),
Constant term 4(–35) – q = – 80
Product of the zeroes =
Coefficient of x 2 ⇒ –140 – q = – 80
2 2a ⇒ – q = 140 – 80
⇒ a× =
α 1 ⇒ – q = 60
⇒
2 = 2a ∴ q = – 60
\
a = 1 3 Hence, p = – 35, q = – 60 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-7

WORKSHEET-10
Solutions 1
∴ a =
2
1. The number of zeroes of p(x) is 1. 1
2. Sum of zeroes = 6, Product of zeroes = 9 and αβ = Constant term 1
\ Quadratic polynomial is x2 – 6x + 9 1 Coeff. of x 2
Also x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 ⇒
10 = 2c
⇒ (x – 3) (x – 3) = 0 ∴
c = 5
⇒ x = 3, 3 1
Hence a = and c = 5 1
Hence zeroes are 3, 3. 1 2

3. According to the question,
Let α and β be the zeroes of the polynomial, then as
5.
21 per the question
Sum of zeroes =
8
β = 7α
5
and Product of zeroes = 1  8
16 ∴
α + 7α = 8α = –  -  ½
 3
So, quadratic polynomial
1
= x2 – (Sum of zeroes) x ⇒ α = ½
3
+ Product of zeroes
2k + 1
 21  5 and α × 7α =
= x2 –   x + 3
 8 16
2k + 1
1 ⇒ 7α2 =
= (16x2 – 42x + 5) 3
16

2
1  1 2k + 1
= (16x2 – 42x + 5) . 1 ⇒ 7   = 1
16  3 3
Given, polynomial, f (x) = ax2 – 5x + c
4. 1 2k + 1
⇒ 7 × =
Let the zeroes of f (x) are α and β, then according to 9 3
the question
7
Sum of zeroes, (α + β) = Product of zeroes, (αβ) = 10 ⇒ – 1 = 2k
3
Coeff. of x −5
Now α + β = – =− 1 2
Coeff. of x 2 a \ = k 1
3
+5
⇒
10 =
a
qqq
WORKSHEET-11
Solutions
2. x – 3 ) x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 15 ( x2 + 6
1. Let 2
p(x) = 4x – 12x + 9 x3 – 3x2

– +
= 4x2 – 6x – 6x + 9
6x – 15 1
⇒
p(x) = 2x(2x – 3) – 3(2x – 3)
+ 6x – 18
0 = (2x – 3) (2x – 3) – +
3 3 3 3 +3
The zeros are , ⇒x= ,
2 2 2 2 Remainder = 3
3 3 Hence – 3 must be added 1
Hence, zeroes of the polynomial are , . 1
2 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

3. Let p(x) = 3x2 + 11x – 4 We know that
= 3x2 + 12x – x – 4 (p + q)2 = p2 + q2 + 2pq
= 3x(x + 4) – 1(x + 4) ½ ⇒ p2 + q2 = (p + q) 2 – 2pq ½
= (3x – 1) (x + 4) 2
1  7 49 3 37
So, zeroes are, m = and n = – 4 ½ =   - 3 = - = ½
 2 4 1 4
3
 1
  − 4 5. p(y) = 6y2 – 7y + 2
m n 3 1
Now, + = + = - 12 ½  7 7
n m − 4  1 -12 α + β = –  -  =
   6 6
3
2 1
-145 and αβ = =
= ½ 6 3
12
1
1 1 α+β 7/6 7
4. f (x) = 2x2 – 7x + 3 Now + = = =
α β αβ 2/6 2
Coefficient of x
Sum of roots = p + q = – 1 1 1
Coefficient of x 2 and × = = 3 1
α β αβ
 -7  7 The required polynomial is
=–   = ½
 2 2
7 1
y2 – y + 3 = [2y2 – 7y + 6]. 1
Constant term 3 2 2
Product of roots = pq = = ½
Coefficient of x 2 2
qqq
WORKSHEET-12
Solutions c
and ab =
a
1. p(x) = ax2 + bx + c
3
1 ⇒
ab =
Let a and be the zeroes of p(x), then 1
α
1 c ⇒
ab = 3
Product of zeroes, α × = 1 \
a + b – ab = 4 3 – 3. 2
α a
2
So, required condition is, c = a 1 Given, p(x) = 3x – 4x – 7 and a and b are its zeroes.
4.
2. Since, – 1 is a zero of the polynomial
Coefficient of x
p(x) = kx2 – 4x + k, Sum of zeroes = α + b = –

then p (–1) = 0 1 Coefficient of x 2
∴ k (–1)2 – 4 (–1) + k = 0
⇒ k + 4 + k = 0  4 4
= – -  =
⇒ 2k + 4 = 0  3 3

⇒ 2k = – 4
Constant term
Hence, k = – 2 1 Product of zeroes = αβ =
Coefficient of x 2
3.
x2 – 4 3x + 3 = 0
If a and b are the zeroes of x2 – 4 3 x + 3.  −7  7
=   = − 1
 3 3
b
then a + b = –
a For the new polynomial,
(− 4 3 ) 4
⇒
a + b = –
1 1 1 α+β −4
Sum of zeroes = + = = 3 =
α β αβ 7 7
⇒
a + b = 4 3 −
3
S OLUT I ONS P-9

1 1 1 1 −3 −b -8
Product of zeroes= × = = = 1 α + b = = =–8
α β αβ −7 7 a 1
3
c 6
α × b = = = 6 1
∴ Required quadratic polynomial = x2 – (Sum of
a 1

zeroes) x + Product of zeroes
1 1 α+β -8 -4
 -4  -3  Sum of zeroes = + = = = ½
= x2 –   x +   α β αβ 6 3
 7   7

1 1 1 1
1 Product of the zeroes = × = = ½
= (7x2 + 4x – 3) α β αβ 6
7

Now for making a polynomial
1
= (7x2 + 4x – 3) . 1 p(x) = x2 – (α + b)x + αb
7
1
5. From the given polynomial we will find the value, ∴ The polynomial is : p(x) = (6x2 + 8x + 1) 1
6
the sum of the zeroes, and the multiple of the
zeroes.
qqq
WORKSHEET-13
Solutions = 1 + 2 – 3 = 0
 3  9  3
1. f(x) = x2 – 7x – 8 and f  -  = 4   + 4  -  - 3
 2  4  2
Let other zero be k, then
 -7  = 9 – 6 – 3 = 0
Sum of zeroes – 1 + k = –   = 7 1 3
 1 ∴ , - are zeroes of polynomial 4x2 + 4x – 3. 1
2 2
⇒ k = 8 1
Coefficient of x 1 3 -4
Sum of zeroes = - =–1=
2. Sum of zeroes = – 2 2 4
Coefficient of x 2
a + b = – a Coefficient of x
\ = – 1
⇒ 2a + b = 0 1 Coefficient of x 2
Constant term  1   3  −3
Product of zeroes = Product of zeroes =    −  =
Coefficient of x 2  2  2 4

\ ab = b Constant term
⇒ a = 1 = 2
Coefficient of x
then b = – 2 1
∴ Relation between zeroes and coeff. of polynomial

3. Given, f(x) = 14x2 – 42k2x – 9
is verified. 1
Let one zero be α
∴ The other = – α, 5. p (x) x2 –2 2 x = x(x – 2 2 ), p (x) = 0
∴ Sum of zeroes = α + (– α) = 0
⇒
x (x – 2 2 ) = 0
Coefficient of x
Sum of zeroes = – 1
Coefficient of x 2 ⇒ zeroes are 0 and 2 2

According to the question, Coefficient of x
Sum of zeroes = 2 2 = –
42 k 2 Coefficient of x 2
Sum of zeroes = = 3k2
14 Constant term
and Product of zeroes = 0 = 3
∴ 3k = 0 ⇒ k = 0. 2
1 Coefficient of x 2
4. f(x) = 4x2 + 4x – 3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
 1  1  1
⇒ f   = 4   + 4   - 3
 2  4  2
qqq
TOPIC-2
Problems on Polynomials
WORKSHEET-14
Solutions 3x2 + 6x
Remainder = x + 3 1
x3 – 5x2 + 6x + 4 = g(x) (x – 3) + 4
1. Hence – (x + 3) must be added. 1
3 2
x − 5x + 6 x [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
⇒
g(x) = 1
x−3 4. 2x + 2
x – 3 ) x3 – 5x2 + 6x ( x2 – 2x 3x2 – 2x + 1) 6x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 3
+ x3 – 3x2 6x3 – 4x2 + 2x
– + – + –
– 2x2 + 6x 6x2 – 6x + 3
– 2x2 + 6x 6x2 – 4x + 2
+ – – + –
× – 2x + 1
Hence g(x) = x2 – 2x. 1 Quotient = 2x + 2; Remainder = – 2x + 1 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] p(x) = g(x) q(x) + r(x)
= (3x2 – 2x + 1) (2x + 2) + (–2x + 1)
2. 2x + 5
= 6x3 – 4x2 + 2x + 6x2 – 4x + 2 – 2x + 1 1
2x2 – x + 1) 4x3 + 8x2 + 8x + 7
= 6x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 3 Verified 1
4x3 – 2x2 + 2x
– + – 5.
x = – 1 and x = – 3 are zeroes. 1
+ 10x2 + 6x + 7 ⇒ (x + 1 ) (x + 3) = x2 + 4x + 3
+ 10x2 – 5x + 5 x2 + 4x + 3 ) x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3 ( x + 1
– + – x3 + 4x2 + 3x 1
+ 11x + 2 – –
Thus, Quotient = 2x + 5 1 x2 + 4x + 3
and Remainder = 11x + 2 1 x2 + 4x + 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] – – 1
0
x2 + 2x ) x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3 ( x+ 3
3. 1 \ x + 1 = 0
x3 + 2x2 ⇒ x = – 1
3x2 + 7x + 3 \ The third zero is – 1. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-15
Solutions – 4x3 – 10x2 + 2x
– 4x3 – 12x2 – 4x
1. g(x) = x2 + 3x + 1, f(x) = 3x4 + 5x3 – 7x2 + 2x + 4 + + +
½ 2x2 + 6x + 4
3x2 – 4x + 2 2x2 + 6x + 2
x2 + 3x + 1) 3x4 + 5x3 – 7x2 + 2x + 4 – – –
3x4 + 9x3 + 3x2 2
– – – ∴ Remainder, r(x) = 2 1½
∴ r(x) ≠ 0, g(x) is not a factor of p(x).
S OLUT I ONS P-11

2. x–3 For exact division, remainder is zero, then
x2 – 3x + 2) x3 – 6x2 + 11x + 8 (a + 7) x + b – 2 = 0 2
x3 – 3x2 + 2x ⇒
a + 7 = 0, b – 2 = 0
– + –
– 3x2 + 9x + 8 ⇒ a = – 7, b = 2. 1
– 3x2 + 9x – 6 4. 2
x – 4x + (8 – k)
+ – +
x – 2x + k) x4 – 6x3 + 16x2– 25x + 10
2
14
Remainder = 14 x4 – 2x3 + kx2
So – 14 should be added. 2 – + –
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] – 4x + (16 – k)x2 – 25x + 10
3
3. 2x2 + 2x – 1 – 4x3 + 8x2 – 4kx 1

+ – +
4x2 + 3x – 2) 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + ax + b
(8 – k)x2 – (25 – 4k)x + 10
8x4 + 6x3 – 4x2
(8 – k)x2 – (16 – 2k)x + (8k – k2)
– – + – + –
8x + 2x2 + ax
3
(2k – 9)x + (10 – 8k + k2) 1
8x3 + 6x2 – 4x Given, remainder = x + a
– – + 10
⇒ 2k – 9 = 1 ⇒ k = = 5 1
– 4x + (a + 4)x + b 2 2
and a = 10 – 8k + k2 = 10 – 40 + 25
– 4x2 – 3x + 2
= – 5 1
+ + – [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
(a + 7)x + b – 2
qqq
WORKSHEET-16
Solutions 3x2 – 6
– +
3x2 + 4x + 1) 6x4 + 8x3 + 17x2 + 21x + 7 ( 2x2 + 5
1. +3 1
4 3 2
6x + 8x + 2x Remainder ≠ 0
– – –
⇒ x2 – 2 is not a factor of the given polynomial. 1
2
15x + 21x + 7 3. p(x) = 2x3 – x2 – 13x – 6
15x2 + 20x + 5 p(3) = 2(3)3 – (3)2 – 13(3) – 6 ½
– – – = 2(27) – 9 – 39 – 6

= 54 – 54
x+2 = 0 ½
\
ax + b = x + 2 ⇒ x – 3 is a factor of p(x). ½
On comparing, we get p( x ) 2 x 3 − x 2 − 13x − 6
= 1
a = 1 and b = 2. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2

x−3 x−3
By long division,
2. x2 + x + 3 2x2 + 5x + 2
x2 – 2 ) x4 + x3 + x2 – 2x – 3
x – 3 ) 2x3 – x2 – 13x – 6
x4 – 2x2 2x3 – 6x2
– +
– +
5x2 – 13x
3 2
x + 3x – 2x 5x2 – 15x
x3 – 2x 1 – +
2x – 6
– +
2x – 6
3x2 – 3 0 0
p( x ) 1
= 2x2 + 5x + 2 ⇒ − , – 2 are the other zeroes of p(x) ½

x − 3 2
= 2x2 + 4x + x + 2 ½ 1
All the zeroes of p(x) are − , – 2, 3. ½
= (2x + 1) (x + 2) 2

qqq
WORKSHEET-17
Solutions –x+1
–x–4
1. –x
+ +
–x2 + 2) x3 – 4x + 6
5 2
x3 – 2x
Hence –5 should be added to x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 1 to
– + make it completely divisible by x + 4. 1
– 2x + 6 As x = 3 2 and –3 2 are the zeroes of 4x4 + x3
4.
Thus, Quotient = – x
– 72x2 – 18x, So (x – 3 2 ) and (x + 3 2 ) are the
and Remainder = – 2x + 6. 2
factors of 4x4 + x3 – 72x2 – 18x
2. x–3
Now, (x – 3 2 ) (x + 3 2 ) = 0
x – 2) x2 – 5x + 16
x2 – 2x ⇒ x2 – 18 = 0
– + Dividing 4x + x – 72x – 18x by x2 – 18
4 3 2
– 3x + 16 x2 – 18) 4x4 + x3 – 72x2 – 18x (4x2 + x 1

4 2
– 3x + 6 4x – 72x
– +
+ –
10 x3 – 18x
Quotient = x – 3, Remainder = 10 2 x3 – 18x
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] – +
3. On dividing x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 1 by x + 4, remainder 0
should be zero. ∴ 4x4 + x3 – 72x2 – 18x = (x2 – 18) (4x2 + x)
= (x2 – 18) x(4x + 1)
x + 4) x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 1 (x2 – 2x – 1
= (x – 3 2 ) (x + 3 2 )(x)
x3 + 4x2
– – (4x + 1) 2
-1
– 2x2 – 9x + 1 Hence other two zeroes are 0 and . 1
4
– 2x2 – 8x
+ +
qqq
WORKSHEET-18
Solutions

2. As x = 2 ± (
3 are the zeroes of p(x), so x – 2 ± 3 )
HOTS & Value Based Questions are the factors of p(x). 1
1. If x + 7 is a factor then (–7) is a root.
So f (–7) = (–7)4 + 10 (–7)3 + 25(–7)2 + 15(–7) + k = 0
{ ( )}{x − ( 2 − 3 )}
Now, x − 2 + 3
= {( x − 2 ) − 3 }{( x − 2 ) + 3}
(when it is a root the polynomial should be equal to
zero when value is substituted) 1
2401 – 3430 + 1225 – 105 + k = 0
= ( x − 2 )2 − ( 3 )
2
⇒ 3626 – 3535 + k = 0
⇒ 91 + k = 0 = x2 – 4x + 1 1
\ k = (–91) 1 Dividing p(x) by x2 – 4x + 1
S OLUT I ONS P-13

x2 – 2x – 35 ⇒ 4x4 – 5x3 – 39x2 – 46x – 2 + 5x – 8

x – 4x +1) x4 – 6x3 – 26x2 + 138x – 35
2 = g(x) (x2 – 3x – 5)
x4 – 4x3 + x2 ⇒ 4x4 – 5x3 – 39x2 – 41x – 10

– + – = g(x) (x2 – 3x – 5)
– 2x3 – 27x2 + 138x 4 x 4 − 5x 3 − 39 x 2 − 41x − 10
⇒ g(x) =
– 2x3 + 8x2 – 2x ( x 2 − 3x − 5)

+ – +
2 1
–35x + 140 x – 35
4x2 + 7x + 2
–35x2 + 140 x – 35
x – 3x – 5 ) 4x4 – 5x3 – 39x2 – 41x – 10
2
+ – +
4x4 – 12x3 – 20x2
0 – + +

{ (
∴ p(x) = x − 2 + 3 )} { (
x− 2− 3 )} (
x 2 − 2 x − 35) 7x3 – 19x2 – 41x
7x3 – 21x2 – 35x
As, x2 –2x – 35 = (x + 5)(x – 7) – + +
Hence, other two zeroes of p(x) are – 5 and 7. 1 2x2 – 6x – 10
3.
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder
2x2 – 6x – 10
Hence, we get – + +
4x4 – 5x3 – 39x2 – 46x – 2 = g(x) (x2 – 3x – 5) + (– 5x + 8) 0
1
Therefore, g(x) = 4x2 + 7x + 2 1
qqq
CHAPTER
SECTION
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN

B
3 TWO VARIABLES
TOPIC-1
Graphical Solution of Linear Equations in Two Variables
Consistency/Inconsistency
WORKSHEET-19
Solutions a1 2 1
= = ,
a2 4 2
1.
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = 3
and a2 = 4, b2 = 2, c2 = 6
b1 -3 1
= =
b2 -6 2
a1 b c
Clearly, = 1 = 1 1 c1 -8 8
a2 b2 c2 and = = 1
-9
c2 9
2 1 3
i.e. = = 1 1 1 8
4 2 6 Thus, = ≠
Hence lines are coincident. 2 2 9
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] a1 b c
2. The given equations can be re-written as :
i.e. = 1 ≠ 1
a2 b2 c2
3x + 2y – 5 = 0
Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent. 1
2x – 3y – 7 = 0
On comparing with ax + by + c = 0, we have 4.
Let amounts contributed by two sections X-A and
X-B be ` x and ` y.
a1 = 3, b1 = 2, c1 = – 5
x + y = 1,500 ...(i)
a2 = 2, b2 = – 3, c2 = – 7 y – x = 100 ....(ii) 1
a1 3 b 2
= , 1 = 1
a 2 2 b2 -3

3 2

Thus, ≠
2 -3
a1 b 1500

i.e. ≠ 1
a2 b2
Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent. 1 800 (700, 800) 1
3. The given equations can be re-written as
2x – 3y – 8 = 0
4x – 6y – 9 = 0
700 15,00
On comparing with ax + by + c = 0, we have
a1 = 2, b1 = – 3, c1 = – 8
a2 = 4, b2 = – 6, c2 = – 9 Point of intersection = (700, 800) 1
Hence x = 700 and y = 800. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-20
Solutions a b c
⇒ = ≠
l m n
1. Since, am = bl
So, ax + by = c and lx + my = n has no solution. 1
S OLUT I ONS P-15

2. The given equations can be re-written as : a1 b
3 5
i.e., ≠ 1 1
x + y – 7 = 0 a2 b2
2 3 Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
9x – 10y – 14 = 0 3. The pair of linear equations is :
On comparing with ax + by + c = 0, we have x – y = 8
3 5 ⇒ x – y – 8 = 0 …(i)
a1 = , b1 = , c1 = – 7 and 3x – 3y = 16
2 3
⇒ 3x – 3y – 16 = 0 …(ii) 1
a2 = 9, b2 = – 10, c2 = – 14 On comparing with ax + by + c = 0, we have
a1 3 1 a1 = 1, b1 = – 1, c1 = – 8 ½
= = a2 = 3, b2 = – 3, c2 = – 16
a2 18 6
a1 1 b 1 c 1
b1 -1 ∴ = , 1 = , 1 = ½
53 a 3 b 3 c 2
= = 1 2 2 2
b2 -10 6
a1 b1 c1
1 -1 As = ≠
Thus, ≠ a 2 b2 c 2
6 6
the lines are parallel having no solution. ½
So, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent. ½
qqq
WORKSHEET-21

Solutions 5.
x + 2y = 5
5-x
a b ⇒ y =
1. ad ≠ bc ⇒ ≠ 2
c d
Hence, the pair of given linear equations has unique x 1 3 5
solution. 1 y 2 1 0
3 2 2x – 3y = – 4
2. ≠
6 − 4 2x + 4
⇒
y =
a1 b1 3
i.e., ≠ 1
a2 b2
x 1 4 –2
Hence, the pair of linear eqations is consistent. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] y 2 4 0
3. Yes, it is consistent. We have, for the equation Graph of two equations is :
y
2x + 3y – 9 = 0
a1 = 2, b1 = 3 and c1 = – 9 ½ –4
y =
and for the equation, 4x + 6y – 18 = 0 –3
5 x
a2 = 4, b2 = 6 and c2 = – 18 ½ (4, 4) 2
x + 2y = 5 4
a1 2 1
Here = = 3
a 2 4 2 (1, 2)
2
b1 3 1 1 (3, 1)
= =
b2 6 2 (–2, 0) (5, 0)
x' x
– 5– 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
c1 -9 1 Marks
and = = ½ –1
c2 -18 2 –2
a1 b c –3
It is clear that = 1 = 1 ½
a 2 b 2 c 2 –4
Hence, system is consistent and dependent. –5
4. Given linear equation is 3x + 4y = 9 y'

(i) Intersecting line is 3x – 5y = 10 1

Lines meet x-axis at (5, 0) and (– 2, 0) respectively.
(ii) Coincident line is 6x + 8y = 18. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 4
WORKSHEET-22
Solutions x 3 7 –1
1. Given equations are : y 3 6 0
4x + py + 8 = 0 ...(1) and 3x + 4y – 21 = 0
21 - 3x
2x + 2y + 2 = 0 ...(2) ⇒
y =
4
a1 b
The condition of unique solution, ≠ 1 1 x 3 7 11
a2 b2
y 3 0 –3
4 p 2 p
Hence, ≠ or ≠ y
2 2 1 2 0
9 3=
∴ p ≠ 4 1 4y
+
8 –
2. Pair of linear equations kx – 4y – 3 = 0 3x
7
and 6x – 12y – 9 = 0 6 (7, 6)
a1 b1 c1 5
Condition for infinite solutions : = = 1 4
(3, 3)
a2 b2 c2
3 (3, 1)
2
k -4 3 x'
(–1, 0) 1 (7, 0) x
= =
6 -12 9 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
–1 3x
⇒ k = 2 1 –2 +
4y
–3 –
21
3. For equation, 2x + 3y – 4 = 0 (11, –3) =
–4 0
a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = – 4 ½ –5
For equation, ( k + 2) x + 6y – (3k + 2)=0 –6
–7
a2 = k + 2, b2 = 6, c2 = – (3k + 2) ½ –8
a b c –9
For infinitely many solutions 1 = 1 = 1 y'
a 2 b 2 c 2
(i) These lines intersect each other at point (3, 3).
2 3 4
⇒ = = ⇒ 12 = 3k + 6 Hence x = 3 and y = 3.
k + 2 6 3 k +2 (ii) The vertices of triangular region are (3, 3), (–1, 0)
⇒ 6 = 3k ⇒ k = 2 1 and (7, 0).
4. 3x – 4y + 3 = 0 1
(iii)
Area of ∆ = ×8×3
3x + 3 2
⇒ y =
4 ⇒
Area = 12 sq unit. 4
qqq
TOPIC-2
Algebraic Methods to Solve Pair of Linear Equations
and Equations Reducible to Linear Equations
WORKSHEET-23
Solutions and y = – 1 1
1.
x + 2y – 2 = 0
x – 3y – 7 = 0 2.
Let age of father and son be x and y respectively.
x y 1 x + y = 40 ...(i)
= = 1 x = 3y ...(ii)
−14 − 6 − 2 + 7 −3 −2
By solving eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
x y −1
⇒ = = x = 30 and y = 10
−20 5 5
Ages are 30 years and 10 years.
⇒
x = 4 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 3
S OLUT I ONS P-17

Alternative Method : 1 1
Let age of father and son be x and y years respectively. 4. Substitute = X and =Y
x y
x + y = 40 ...(i)
x = 3y ...(ii) ⇒ 2X + 3Y = 2 ....(i)
Substitute the value of x from eqn. (ii) in, (i) 4X – 9Y = – 1 ....(ii)
\ 3y + y = 40 Multiply eqn. (i) by 3,
⇒ 4y = 40 6X + 9Y = 6 ....(iii)
\ y = 10 yrs. Adding eqn. (iii) and eqn. (ii),
From (i), x + 10 = 40 4X – 9Y = – 1
\ x = 30 yrs. 6X + 9Y = 6
\ Age of father is 30 years + + +
and Age of son is 10 years. 3 10X =5
3.
Let cost of 1 chair = ` x and cost of 1 table = ` y 5 1
10X = 5 ⇒ X = =
According to the question, 10 2
4x +3y = 2100 ...(i) 1 1
5x +2y = 1750 ...(ii) ⇒ = ⇒ x=4
Multiplying eqn. (i) by 2 and eqn. (ii) by 3, x 2
8x +6y = 4200 ...(iii) Now 3Y = 2 – 2X
15x + 6y = 5250 ...(iv)  1
= 2 – 2   = 1
eqn. (iv) – eqn. (iii)  2
⇒ 7x = 1050 1 1 1 ⇒ y=9
⇒ x = 150 ⇒ Y = ⇒ =
3 y 3
Substituting the value of x in (i), y = 500
Cost of chair and table = ` 150, ` 500 respectively. Thus x = 4, y = 9 is the solution. 4
qqq
WORKSHEET-24
Solutions -3
and y = 3
2
1.
3x + 2y – 7 = 0 ....(i)
4x + y – 6 = 0 ....(ii) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

From eqn. (ii). Alternative Method :

4x + y – 6 = 0 Given : 5x + 4y – 4 = 0 ...(i)
⇒ y = 6 – 4x ½ x – 12y – 20 = 0 ...(ii)
Value of y put in eqn. (i)
By cross-multiplication method,
3x + 2y – 7 = 0
x y 1
⇒ 3x + 2(6 – 4x) – 7 = 0 = =
4 -4 -4 5 5 4
⇒ 3x + 12 – 8x – 7 = 0
⇒ 5 – 5x = 0 ½ -12 -20 -20 1 1 -12

⇒ 5x = 5 x y 1
\ x = 1 ½ ⇒ = =
- 80 - 48 - 4 + 100 - 60 - 4
Substitute the value of x in eq (ii) to get value of y,
x 1 y 1
4x + y – 6 = 0 = - 64 and = - 64
⇒ 4(1) + y – 6 = 0 -128 96
⇒ 4 + y – 6 = 0 ⇒ x = 2 and y = -3 3
⇒ y – 2 = 0 2
\ y = 2 ½ 3. 2x – y + 3 = 0 ...(i)
Hence, values of x and y are 1 and 2 respectively. 3x – 5y + 1 = 0 ...(ii)
x y 1 Multiplying eqn. (i) by 5, we get
2.
= = 5(2x – y + 3) = 0
- 80 - 48 - 4 + 100 - 60 - 4
⇒ 10x – 5y + 15 = 0
⇒
x = 2
Subtracting eqn. (ii) from eqn. (i), we get
10x – 5y + 15 = 0 2x – y + 3 = 0
3x – 5y + 1 = 0 ⇒ 2 (–2) – y + 3 = 0
(–) (+) (–) ⇒ – 4 – y + 3 = 0
7x + 14 = 0 ⇒ – y – 1 = 0
⇒ 7x = – 14 ⇒ – y = 1
\ y = – 1
-14
\
x = =–2 Hence,
7
x = – 2

Substituting the value of x in eqn. (i), and y = – 1 4
qqq
WORKSHEET-25
Solutions -5
On substituting y = in eqn. (i),
13

1. By elimination method :
Given, 3x + 4y = 10 …(i)  -5 
3x – 5   = 4
and 2x – 2y = 2 …(ii)  13 

On multiplying eqn. (i) by 1 and eqn. (ii) by 2 and ⇒ 39x + 25 = 52
adding, ⇒ 39x = 27
1(3x + 4y) + 2(2x – 2y) = 1 × 10 + 2 × 2 1 9
⇒ 3x + 4y + 4x – 4y = 10 + 4 \ x =
13
⇒ 7x = 14
\ x = 2 9 5
Hence x = 1
and y = –
On substituting x = 2 in eqn. (i), 13 13
3 × 2 + 4y = 10 By substitution method :
⇒ 4y = 4 Given, 3x – 5y = 4 …(i)
\ y = 1 and 9x = 2y + 7 …(ii)
Hence, x = 2 and y = 1 1 From eqn. (ii), 2y = 9x – 7
By substitution method : 9x - 7
⇒ y = …(iii)
Given, 3x + 4y = 10 …(i) 2

and 2x – 2y = 2 …(ii)
On substituting y from eqn. (iii) in eqn. (i),
From eqn. (ii),
2y = 2x – 2  9x - 7 
3x – 5 ×  = 4
⇒ y = x – 1 …(iii)  2 
On substituting y = x – 1 from eqn. (iii) in eqn. (i), 1 ⇒ 6x – 45x + 35 = 8

3x + 4(x – 1) = 10 ⇒
– 39x = – 27
⇒ 7x = 14 9
\
x =
\ x = 2 13
From eqn. (iii), y = 2 – 1 = 1
9
\ y = 1 On substituting x = in eqn. (iii), 1
13
Hence, x = 2 and y = 1 1
2. By elimination method : 9
9× -7
Given, 3x – 5y = 4 …(i) y = 13
and 9x = 2y + 7 …(ii) 2
On multiplying eqn. (i) by 3 and eqn. (ii) by 1, 81 - 91
9x – 15y = 12 …(iii) =
2 × 13
9x – 2y = 7 …(iv)
10
On subtracting eqn. (iv) from eqn. (iii), = –
(9x – 15y) – (9x – 2y) = 12 – 7 26
⇒ – 15y + 2y = 5 5
\
y = –
⇒ –13y = 5 13

5 9 5
\ y = – 1 Hence, x = and y = – 1
13 13 13
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-19

WORKSHEET-26
Solutions ⇒ – 5y = – 60
\ y = 12 1
1. Given, a pair of linear equations is : On substituting y = 12 in eqn. (i),
s – t = 3 x – 5 × 12 + 10 = 0
⇒ s = t + 3 ...(i) ⇒ x – 60 + 10 = 0
⇒ x = 50
s t
and + = 6 ...(ii) Hence, the distance covered by the train
3 2 = 50 × 12
On substituting s = t + 3, from eqn. (i) in eqn. (ii), = 600 km. 1
we get 3. Let the incomes of two persons be 11x and 7x.
t + 3 t = 6
+ Also the expenditures of two persons be 9y and 5y.
3 2
∴ 11x – 9y = 400
...(i)
⇒ 2(t + 3) + 3t = 36 ½
⇒ 5t + 6 = 36 and 7x – 5y = 400 ...(ii)
⇒ 5t = 30 Multiplying eqn. (i) by 5 and eqn. (ii) by 9 and
⇒ t = 6 ½ subtracting,
From eqn., (i), s = 6 + 3 = 9 ½ 55x – 45y = 2,000 ...(iii)
Hence, s = 9, t = 6 ½ 63x – 45y = 3,600 ...(iv) 1
2.
Let the actual speed of the train be x km/hr and – + –
actual time taken be y hr.
Distance = Speed × Time ½ On subtracting, – 8x = –1600
Q = xy km -1, 600
⇒ x = = 200 1
According to the given condition, -8
xy = (x + 10)(y – 2)
⇒ xy = xy – 2x + 10y – 20 Substituting this value of x in eqn. (i),
⇒ 2x – 10y + 20 = 0 2200 – 9y = 400
⇒ x – 5y + 10 = 0 [divide by 2] …(i) ½ ⇒ 9y = 2200 – 400 = 1,800

and xy = (x – 10)(y + 3)
⇒ xy = xy + 3x – 10y – 30 1, 800
⇒ y = = 200 1
⇒ 3x – 10y – 30 = 0 …(ii) 1 9
On multiplying eqn. (i) by 3 and subtracting eqn. (ii) Their monthly incomes are 11 × 200 = ` 2200 and
from eqn. (i), 7 × 200 = ` 1400. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1
3 × (x – 5y + 10) – (3x – 10y – 30) = 0
qqq
WORKSHEET-27
Solutions ⇒
2y = 26
\
y = 13 1
1. Given, a pair of linear equations is :
3x – y = 3 or y = 3x – 3 ...(i) ½ On substituting y = 13 in eqn. (ii), we get
and 9x – 3y = 9 ...(ii) ½ x = 3 × 13 = 39
On substituting y from eqn. (i) in eqn. (ii), \
x = 39 1
9x – 3(3x – 3) = 9 Hence, the two numbers are 39 and 13.
i.e., 9 = 9 ½
3. Let the speed of the car I from A = x km/hr.
It is a true statement. Hence, eqn. (i) and (ii) have
infinitely many solutions. ½ Speed of the car II from B = y km/hr.
2. Let the two numbers be x and y (x > y) Same dirrection :
Distance covered by car I = 150 + (distance
We are given that,
covered by car II)
x – y = 26 …(i) 1
⇒ 15x = 150 + 15y
and x = 3y …(ii)
⇒ 15x – 15y = 150
On substituting x from eqn. (ii) in eqn. (i), we get ⇒ x – y = 10 ...(i) 1
3y – y = 26
Opposite direction : x-2 1
Distance covered by car I + distance covered by =
y + 1 2
car II
⇒ 2x – 4 = y + 1
= 150 km ⇒ 2x – y = 5 ...(i) 1
x + y = 150 ...(ii) 1 x+4 3
Adding eqns. (i) and (ii), Also, =

y - 3 2
2x = 160
⇒ 2x + 8 = 3y – 9
\ x = 80
⇒ 2x – 3y = –17 ...(ii) 1
Substituting x = 80 in eqn. (i),
Subtracting eqn. (ii) from eqn. (i),
y = 70 1 2y = 22
∴ Speed of the car I from A = 80 km/hr ⇒ y = 11 1
and speed of the car II from B = 70 km/hr. 1 Substituting this value of y in eqn. (i),
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 2x – 11 = 5
x. \ x = 8
4. Let the fraction be
y Hence, x = 8, y = 11

8
∴ Fraction = 1
11
qqq
WORKSHEET-28
Solutions ⇒ 2x° = 198°
\ x° = 99° 1
1.
Given, a pair of linear equations is : On substituting x° = 99° in eqn. (iii),
0.2 x + 0.3y = 1.3 ...(i) y° = 99° – 18° = 81°
and 0.4 x + 0.5y = 2.3 ...(ii) \ y° = 81° 1
From eqn. (i), 2x + 3y = 13 [ Q Multiply by 10] Hence, the angles are 99° and 81°
⇒ 3y = 13 – 2x
13 - 2 x 3. Let the number of red balls be x and white balls be y.
⇒ y = ...(iii)½ According to the question,
3
1 1
On substituting y from eqn. (iii) in eqn. (ii), y = x or 2x – 3y = 0 ...(i)
2 3
4 5 (13 - 2 x ) 23
x+ × =
10 10 3 10 and 3(x + y) – 7y = 6 1
5 or 3x – 4y = 6 ...(ii)
⇒ 4x +
(13 – 2x) = 23
3 Multiplying eqn. (i) by 3 and eqn. (ii) by 2 and
then subtracting, we get
⇒ 12x + 5 (13 – 2x) = 3 × 23
⇒ 12x + 65 – 10x = 69 6x – 9y = 0 1
⇒ 2x = 69 – 65 = 4 6x – 8y = 12
\ x = 2 ½ – + –
On substituting x = 2 in eqn. (iii), we get – y = – 12
13 - 2 × 2 9 \ y =12
y = =
3 3 2x – 36 = 0
i.e., y = 3 ½ Substituting 12 in eqn. (i),
Hence, x = 2, y = 3 ½ \
x = 18 1
2. Let the supplementary angles be x° and y° (x° > y°) ∴ x = 18, y = 12
Now, x° + y° = 180° …(i)
Hence, number of red balls = 18
and x° – y° = 18° …(ii)
From eqn. (ii), y° = x° – 18 …(iii) 1 and number of white balls = 12 1
On substituting y from eqn. (iii) in eqn. (i), [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
x° + x° – 18° = 180°
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-21

WORKSHEET-29
Solutions 6 2
- = 5 ...(iii)
1.
Let length = x and breadth = y y x
Then according to the first condition, 2 6
and + = 5 ...(iv) 1
(x – 5)(y + 3) = xy – 9 y x

⇒ 3x – 5y = 6 ...(i) 1
According to the second condition, 1 1
Let = a and = b,
(x +3)(y +2) = xy + 67 y x
⇒ 2x + 3y = 61 ...(ii) 1 then equations (iii) and (iv) become
Multiplying eqn. (i) by 3 and eqn. (ii) by 5 and then 6a – 2b = 5 ...(v)
adding, 2a + 6b = 5 ....(vi) 1
9x – 15y = 18 Multiplying eqn. (v) by 3 and then adding with eqn.
10x + 15y = 305 (vi),
323 20a = 20
\ x = = 17 1
19 \ a = 1
Substituting this value of x in eqn. (i), Substituting this value of a in eqn. (v),
3(17) – 5y = 6 1
b = 1
⇒ 5y = 51 – 6 2
⇒ y = 9 1 1
Hence, perimeter = 2(x + y) = 2(17 + 9) = 52 units. Now =a=1
y
2. 2(3x – y) = 5xy ...(i)
2(x + 3y) = 5xy ...(ii) ⇒ y = 1
Divide eqns. (i) and (ii) by xy, 1 1
and =b=
x 2
⇒ x = 2. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-30
Solutions x
⇒ x = x – + 3y – 3
y
1. Let the sum of the ages of the 2 children be x and the
age of the father be y years. x
⇒ – 3y + 3 = 0 …(i) 1
∴ y = 2x y
i.e. 2x – y = 0 ...(i) 1 x 
and 20 + y = x + 40 and x =  - 3 (y + 2)
 y 
x – y = – 20 ...(ii) 1
2x
Subtracting (ii) from (i), ⇒ x = x + – 3y – 6
y
x = 20
From (i), y = 2x = 2 × 20 = 40 2x
⇒ – 3y – 6 = 0 …(ii) 1
y = 40 1 y
Hence, the age of the father = 40 years. 1
x
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] On putting = u in eqn. (i) and (ii),
y
2. Let the number of students in the class be x and the
number of rows be y. u – 3y + 3 = 0 …(iii)
x and 2u – 3y – 6 = 0 …(iv) 1
∴ The number of students in each row =
y On subtracting eqn. (iii) from eqn. (iv),

According to the given condition,
u – 9 = 0
x 
x =  + 3 (y – 1) ⇒
u = 9
y 
On substituting u = 9 in eqn. (iii),
9 – 3y + 3 = 0
⇒
3y = 12 x
\
y = 4 …(v) ⇒ =9
y

Now, u = 9
⇒ x = 36 [from eqn. (v)]
∴ The number of students in the class = 36. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-31
Solutions \ x = 21 years
On putting x = 21 in eqn. (iv), we get
1.
Let the ages of Ani and Biju be x yr. and y yr, 21 – y = – 3
respectively. \ y = 24 years 1
According to the given condition, Hence, age of Ani is 19 year and age of Biju is 16
x – y = ± 3 …(i) years or age of Ani is 21 years and age of Biju is 24
Also, age of Ani’s father Dharam = 2x years years. 1
y 2.
Let the amount of their respective capitals be ` x
And age of Biju’s sister = years and ` y.
2
∴ According to the given condition,
According to the given condition, x + 100 = 2(y – 100) 1
y ⇒ x – 2y = – 300 …(i)
2x – = 30 1
2 and 6(x – 10) = y + 10
⇒ 4x – y = 60 …(ii) ⇒ 6x – y = 70 …(ii) 1
Case I : When x – y = 3 …(iii) On multiplying eqn. (ii) by 2 and subtracting from
eqn. (1),
On subtracting eqn. (iii) from eqn. (ii),
x – 2y = – 300
3x = 57
⇒ + 12x – 2y = + 140
\ x = 19 years – + –
On putting x = 19 in eqn. (iii), – 11x = – 440
19 – y = 3 ⇒ x = 40 1
\ y = 16 years 1 On substituting x = 40 in eqn. (i),
Case II : When x – y = – 3 …(iv) 40 – 2y = – 300
On subtracting eqn. (iv) from eqn. (ii), ⇒ 2y = 340
3x = 60 + 3 \ y = 170 1
⇒ 3x = 63 Hence, the amount of their respective capitals are
` 40 and ` 170.
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-23

CHAPTER
SECTION
B
4 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
TOPIC-1
Solution of Quadratic Equations
WORKSHEET-32
Solutions ⇒ ( 3x– 2 )( 3 x – 2 ) = 0

2 2
1. 3x 2 + 6 = 9 ⇒ x = , ½
3 3
⇒ 3x2 + 6 = 81
⇒ 3x2 = 81 – 6 = 75
75
⇒ x2 = = 25 x 2 + 3x + 2 + x 2 - 3x + 2 4 x - 8 - 2x - 3
3 4. = 1
⇒ x = ± 5 x2 + x - 2 x-2
\ Positive root = 5 1 (2x2 + 4) (x – 2) = (2x – 11) (x2 + x – 2)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] ⇒ 5x2 + 19x – 30 = 0 1
⇒ (5x – 6) (x + 5) = 0

2. 6x2 – x – 2 = 0
6
⇒ 6x2 + 3x – 4x – 2 = 0 ½ ⇒
x = – 5, 1
5
⇒ 3x(2x + 1) –2(2x + 1) = 0 ½
⇒ (2x + 1)(3x – 2) = 0 ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
⇒ 3x – 2 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0 2
2 1  2x   2x 
5.  + 5 - 24 = 0
⇒ x =
3
or x = –
2  x - 5   x - 5 

2 1 2x
\ Roots of equation are and – . ½ Let = y 1
3 2 ( x - 5)

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ∴ y2 + 5y – 24 = 0 1
(y + 8) (y – 3) = 0 1
3. 15x2 – 10 6 x + 10 = 0 y = 3, – 8
⇒ 3x2 – 2 6 x +2 = 0 ½ ⇒ y = 3
⇒ 3x – 6 x – 6 x + 2 = 0 2
½ ⇒ x = 15
or y = – 8
⇒ 3 x( 3 x – 2 ) – 2 ( 3 x – 2 ) = 0
½ ⇒ x = 4 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-33
Solutions 3
⇒ – k – 3 = 0
4
 1 3
1. Putting x = -  in 3x2 + 2kx – 3 = 0 ⇒ k = –3
 2 4

 1
2
 1 3 - 12
3  -  + 2k  -  – 3 = 0 ⇒ k =
2  2 4

-9 4. 2x(2x + 3) + (x – 3) + (3x + 9) = 0 1
k = 1 ⇒ 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0 1
4
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] ⇒ (x + 1) (2x + 3) = 0
½
3
⇒
x = – 1, x = − ½
2. 4 3 x2 + 5x – 2 3 = 0 2
⇒ 4 3 x2 + 8x – 3x –2 3 = 0 ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
1 2 4
5. + =
⇒ 4x( 3 x + 2)– 3 ( 3 x + 2) = 0
½ x+1 x+2 x+4
⇒ ( 3 x + 2)(4x – 3 ) = 0 ½ x + 2 + 2( x + 1) 4
⇒
= 1
( x + 1)( x + 2 ) x+4

2 3
⇒ x = – , ½ 3x + 4 4
3 4 ⇒
2
=
x + 3x + 2 x + 4
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2013, 2012] ⇒ (3x + 4)(x + 4) = 4(x2 + 3x + 2)
1
⇒ 3x2+ 16x + 16 = 4x2 + 12x + 8

2
3. x - ( 3 +1) x + 3 = 0 ⇒
x2 – 4x – 8 = 0 1
2
-( -4 ) ± ( -4 ) - 4(1)( -8 )
⇒ x 2 - 3x - 1 x + 3 = 0 ½ ⇒
x =
2×1
⇒ x( x - 3 ) - 1 ( x - 3 ) = 0 4 ± 48 4 ± 4 3
⇒
x = =
2 2
⇒ ( x - 3 ) ( x - 1) = 0
1 ⇒
x = 2 ± 2 3
⇒ x = 3 , x = 1 ½
⇒
x = 2 + 2 3 or 2 – 2 3 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-34
Solutions
2 2 3
3. x -x- =0
1. 2 5 5
3 x – 2x – 3 = 0
2 2 x 2 - 5x - 3
⇒
3 x – 3x + x – 3 = 0 ⇒ = 0 ½
5
⇒
3 x (x –
3 ) +1(x– 3 ) = 0 ⇒ 2x2 – 5x – 3 = 0
½
⇒ 2x2 – 6x + x – 3 = 0

⇒ (x – 3 )( 3 x +1) = 0
⇒ 2x(x – 3) +1(x – 3) = 0
½
-1
\ x = 3, 1 ⇒ (2x + 1)(x – 3) = 0

3
1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011, 2012] \ x = – , 3 ½
2
1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

2. (x + 3)(x – 1) = 3(x – )
3
4. (x – 2) (2x – 3 + 2x) = 2x2 – 3x 1
⇒ x2 + 2x – 3 = 3x – 1 1 or (x – 2) (4x – 3) = 2x2 – 3x 1
⇒ x2 – x – 2 = 0 4x2 – 11x + 6 = 2x2 – 3x
⇒ x2 – 2x + x – 2 = 0 or 2x2 – 8x + 6 = 0
⇒ x(x – 2) + 1(x – 2) = 0 or x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 ½
⇒ (x – 2)(x + 1) = 0 (x – 1) (x – 3) = 0
½
\ x = 2, – 1 1 x = 1, 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011, 2012] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
S OLUT I ONS P-25

5. a(x – b)(x – c) + b(x – a)(x – c) = 2c(x – a)(x – b) 1½ ac + bc - 2 ab
x=
x2(a + b – 2c) + x(–ab –ac –ab – bc + 2ac + 2bc) = 0 a + b - 2c

x2(a + b – 2c) + x(–2ab + ac + bc) = 0 1½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-35
Solutions Alternate Method :

(9x2 – 6b2x + b4) – a4 = 0
1. Here, A = 4, B = –4a2, C = (a4 – b4) ⇒ (3x – b2)2 – (a2)2 = 0
2 2 2 4 4 ∴ (3x – b2 + a2) (3x – b2 – a2) = 0
x = 4 a ± ( -4 a ) - 4 × 4( a - b )
2×4 b 2 - a2 b 2 + a2
⇒ x = , 1
4 a 2 ± 16 a 4 - 16 a 4 + 16b 4 3 3
=
8
a a+b
2 4 3. x2 + x+ x + 1 = 0
4 a ± 16 b a+b a
= 1
8  a  a+b a 
4 a2 ± 4b2 a2 ± b2
xx +
  +  x +  = 0 1
a + b a a + b
⇒ x = =
8 2
 a  a + b
a2 + b2  x +  x +  = 0 1
\ x1 = a + b  a 
2
- a -( a + b )
4 a2 - 4b2 a2 - b2 ⇒
x = , 1
and x2 == 1 a+b a
8 2

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Alternative Method :
3 4 29
(4x2 – 4a2x + a4) – b4 = 0 4. + =
x + 1 x - 1 4x - 1
⇒ (2x – a2)2 – (b2)2 = 0 1
3x - 3 + 4 x + 4 29
∴ (2x – a2 + b2) (2x – a2 – b2) = 0 ⇒ =
x2 - 1 4x - 1
a2 - b2 a2 + b2 1
⇒ x = , 7x + 1 29
2 2 ⇒ = 1
2 4 4 x2 - 1 4x - 1
2. Here, a = 9, b = – 6b , c = – (a – b )
⇒ (7x + 1)(4x – 1) = 29x2 – 29

x =
{(
6b 2 ± ( -6b 2 )2 - 4 × 9 × - a 4 - b 4 )} ⇒ 28x2 – 7x + 4x – 1 = 29x2 – 29

2×9 ⇒ 28x2 – 3x – 1 = 29x2 – 29

6b 2 ± 36b 4 + 36 a 4 - 36b 4 ⇒
x2 + 3x – 28 = 0 1
x = 1 2
18 ⇒ x + 7x – 4x – 28 = 0

⇒ x(x + 7) – 4(x + 7) = 0
1
6b 2 ± 36 a 4
= ⇒ (x + 7)(x – 4) = 0

18
\
x = 4, –7 1
6b 2 ± 6 a 2
=
18
a + b2 b2 - a2
2
\ x = , 1
3 3
qqq
WORKSHEET-36
Solutions ⇒ x(x – 4) = 0
⇒ x = 0 or x = 4 1
1. 4x2 + 4bx + b2 – a2 = 0 4. Let time taken by pipe A be x minutes. and time
⇒ (2x + b)2 – a2 = 0 ½ taken by pipe B be x + 5 minutes.
⇒ (2x + b + a) (2x + b – a) = 0 ½ 1
In one minute pipe A will fill , tank
x
- (a + b) a-b
⇒ x = ,x = 1
2 2 In one minute pipe B will fill , tank
x+5
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] ½ + ½
Both pipes A + B will fill
2. x2 – 2ax – (4b2 – a2) = 0 1 1
+ tank in one minute
Given equation can be written as
x x+5
x2 – 2ax + a2 – 4b2 = 0
Then according to the question.
or (x – a)2 – (2b)2 = 0 1
∴ (x – a + 2b) (x – a – 2b) = 0 ½ 1 1 9
+ = 2
⇒ x = a – 2b, x = a + 2b ½ x x+5 100
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] x+5+x 9
⇒
=
1 1 2 x( x + 5 ) 100
3. + =
( x - 1)( x - 2) ( x - 2)( x - 3) 3 ⇒ 100(2x + 5) = 9x(x + 5)

x - 3+ x - 1 2 ⇒ 200x + 500 = 9x2 + 45x

⇒
=
( x - 1)( x - 2 )( x - 3) 3 ⇒ 9x2 – 155x – 500 = 0
1

2x - 4 2 ⇒ 9x2 – 180x + 25 x – 500 = 0

⇒
= 1 ⇒ 9x(x – 20) + 25(x – 20) = 0

( x - 1)( x - 2 )( x - 3) 3
⇒ (x – 20)(9x + 25) = 0

2( x - 2 ) 2
⇒
= ½ -25
( x - 1)( x - 2 )( x - 3) 3 ⇒
x = 20,
9
2 2
⇒
= rejecting negative value, x = 20 minutes
( x - 1)( x - 3) 3
and x + 5 = 25 minutes
⇒
3 = (x – 1) (x – 3) ½
Hence pipe A will fill the tank in 20 minutes and
⇒
x2 – 4x + 3 = 3
pipe B will fill in 25 minutes. 1
⇒
x2 – 4x = 0
qqq
WORKSHEET-37
Solutions p+q p-q
\ The roots are , . 1
2 2
1. Here, a = 4, b = – 4p, c = (p2 – q2)
The roots are given by the quadratic formula
- b ± b 2 - 4 ac 2. Let the side of the smaller square be y and the side
x =
2a of the longer square by x, then. ½
4x – 4y = 24
4 p ± 16 p 2 − 4 × 4 × ( p 2 − q 2 )
∴ x = 1 ⇒ x – y = 6
2×4 ⇒ x = y + 6 ½
4 p ± 16 p 2 - 16 p 2 + 16 q 2 According to the question,
= x2 + y2 = 468
8
⇒ (y + 6)2 + y2 = 468
4p ± 4q ⇒ 2y2 + 12y + 36 = 468
=
8 ⇒ 2y2 + 12y – 432 = 0
S OLUT I ONS P-27

⇒ y2 + 6y – 216 = 0 Alternative Method :
⇒ (y + 18)(y – 12) = 0 3x 2 - 2 2 x - 2 3 = 0
\ y = – 18, 12
We know that 2 2 can be written as 3 2 - 2
Rejecting y = – 18, as side can not be negative
\ y = 12 and x = 18 1 ∴ 3x 2 - [3 2 - 2 ]x - 2 3 = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011, 2012] 3x 2 - 3 2 x + 2 x - 2 3 = 0
⇒ 1
2
3. a(x – a) + b(x – b) = 2[x2 – (a + b)x + ab] ½ ⇒ 3x - 3 3 2 x + 2 x - 2 2 3 =0
ax – a2 + bx – b2 = 2x2 – 2(a + b)x + 2ab ⇒ 3x  x - 3 . 2  + 2  x - 2 3  = 0
2x – 3(a + b)x + (a + b)2 = 0
2    
2x2 – 2(a + b) x – (a + b) x + (a + b)2 = 0 ½ ⇒ 3x  x - 6  + 2  x - 6  = 0 1
[2x – (a + b)] [x – (a + b)] = 0
( x - 6 )( 3x + 2 ) = 0
a+b ⇒
x = a + b, 1
2 2 2
⇒ x = 6 or x = - = - 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 3 3
5. Let the speed while going be x km/h

4. 3x 2 - 2 2 x - 2 3 = 0
150 150 5
Therefore - = 2
⇒ 3x 2 - 3 2 x + 2 x - 2 3 = 0 1 x x + 10 2
⇒ 3x( x - 6 ) + 2 ( x - 6 ) = 0 ⇒ x2 + 10x – 600 = 0

⇒ (x + 30)(x – 20) = 0
⇒ ( x - 6 )( 3x + 2 ) = 0
1 ⇒ x = 20 1
x = 2 ∴ Speed while going =20 km/h ½
6, x = -
3 and speed while returning = 30 km/h ½
½ +½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq
WORKSHEET-38
Solutions 3. Given, 6 x + 7 – (2x – 7) = 0
⇒
6 x + 7 = (2x – 7)
2
1. 3x − 3 2 x + 2 x − 2 3 = 0 Squaring both sides
6x + 7 = (2x – 7)2 1
3x[ x − 6 ] + 2 [ x − 6 ] = 0 ½
⇒ 6x + 7 = 4x2 – 28x + 49
⇒ 4x2 – 34x + 42 = 0
( x − 6 )( 3x + 2 ) = 0 ½ ⇒ 2x2 – 17x + 21 = 0
or
2 ⇒ 2x2 – 14x – 3x + 21 = 0
⇒ x = 6,− 1 ⇒ 2x(x – 7) – 3(x – 7) = 0
3
⇒ (x – 7)(2x – 3) = 0
3
⇒ x = 7 or x = 1
2 2
2. Substituting x = in ax2 + 7x + b = 0
3
4 14 4. x 2 + 3 3x - 30 = 0 ½
a+ + b = 0 ⇒ 2
9 3 x + 5 3x - 2 3x - 30 = 0 1
⇒ 4a + 42 + 9b = 0 ⇒ x( x + 5 3 ) - 2 3 ( x + 5 3 ) = 0 ½

⇒ 4a + 9b = – 42 ...(i) ½
⇒ ( x + 5 3 ) ( x - 2 3 ) = 0
x = – 3
9a – 21 + b = 0 ⇒ x = -5 3 , 2 3
⇒ 9a + b = 21 ...(ii) ½ ½+½
Solving (i) and (ii), [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
a = 3 and b = – 6 1
x 7
5. Let the fraction be ½ x = 3, − ( rejected)
2x + 1 11
x 2x + 1 58 3
\ + = 1 \
Fraction = ½+1
2 x + 1 x 21 7
21[x + (2x + 1) ] = 58 (2x2 + x)
2 2
⇒ 11x2 – 26x – 21 = 0 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-39
Solutions \ Required quadratic equation,
2x2 – 3x – 20 = 0 1
1. On completing the square, [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
⇒ (x – 2)2 – 8 – 4 = 0 ½
⇒ (x – 2)2 – 12 = 0 4. x2 + 5x – (a2 + a – 6) = 0
⇒ (x – 2)2 = 12 -5 ± 25 + 4( a 2 + a - 6 )
⇒ (x – 2)2 = (2 3 )2 ½ x = 1
2
⇒
x – 2 = ± 2 3
-b ± b 2 - 4 ac
⇒ x = 2 ± 2 3 ½ [Q x = ]
2a
\ x = 2 + 2 3 , 2 – 2 3 ½
=
-5 ± ( 2 a + 1)
1
2. Let units digit and tens digit of the two digit number
2 a - 4 -2 a - 6
be x and y = ,
2 2
∴ Number is 10y + x
According to question, x = a – 2, x = – (a + 3)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] ½ + ½
10y + x = 4(y + x) ½
⇒ 10y + x = 4y + 4x 5. B
⇒ 10y – 4y = 4x – x
⇒ 6y = 3x c = 25 cm
⇒ 2y = x ...(i) a
Also,
10y + x = 3xy ...(ii)
⇒ 10y + 2y = 3(2y)y
C b A
⇒ 12y = 6y2
⇒ 6y2 – 12y = 0 Here a + b + c = 60, c = 25
∴ a + b = 35 1
⇒ 6y (y – 2) = 0
⇒ y = 0 or y = 2 ½ Using Pythagorus theorem
Rejecting y = 0 as the number can not be zero. a2 + b2 = 625
⇒
x = 4 Using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab 1
∴ Required number is 24.
1 352 = 625 + 2ab
⇒
ab = 300 1
3. Let the number of wickets taken by Zahir be x.
The number of wickets taken by Harbhajan = 2x – 3 1
Area of ∆ABC = ab =150 cm2. 1
½ 2
According to question, x(2x – 3) = 20 ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
⇒ 2x2 – 3x = 20
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-29

TOPIC-2
Discriminant and Nature of Roots
WORKSHEET-40
Solutions i.e., 4x2 + 4x + k = 0 has equal roots 1
\ D = b2 – 4ac = 0
2
1. (k + 1)x2 – 2(k + 1)x + 1 = 0 ⇒ (4) – 4(4)(k) = 0
has equal roots ⇒ 16 – 16k = 0 1
D = 0 ⇒ 16k = 16
b2 = 4ac 1 \ k = 1 1
2 4. kx(x – 2 ) + 10 = 0
4(k + 1) = 4(k + 1) 5
k + 1 = 1
⇒ kx2 – 2 5 kx + 10 = 0
½
k = 0 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] Here, a = k, b = – 2 5 k, c = 10
Given, roots are equal, D = b2 – 4ac = 0 ½
2. 2 is the root of x2 + kx + 12 = 0
⇒ (2)2 + 2k + 12 = 0 ⇒ (–2 5 k)2 – 4 × k × 10 = 0
½
⇒ 2k + 16 = 0 ⇒ 20k2 – 40k = 0
½
k = – 8 ½ ⇒ 20k(k – 2) = 0

Put k = – 8 ⇒
in x2 + kx + q = 0 k(k – 2) = 0
⇒ x2 –8x + q = 0 ½
Q k ≠ 0 ½
For equal roots \
k = 2 ½
(–8)2 – 4(1)q = 0 ½
5. For equal roots of x2 + 2px + mn = 0, 4p2 – 4mn = 0
64 – 4q = 0
⇒ p2 = mn ...(i) 1
4q = 64
q = 16 ½ For equal roots of
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] x2 – 2 (m + n)x + (m2 + n2 + 2p2) = 0
3. Given, 2 is a root of the equation, 3x2 + px – 8 = 0 4(m + n)2 – 4(m2 + n2 + 2p2) = 0 1
Putting x = 2 in 3x2 + px – 8 = 0 m + n2 + 2mn – m2 – n2 – 2(mn) = 0 (From (i)) 1
2
12 + 2p – 8 = 0 \ If roots of x2 + 2px + mn = 0 are equal then those

⇒ p = – 2 of x2 – 2a(m + n)x + (m2 + n2 + 2p2) = 0 are also
Given, 2
4x – 2px + k = 0 has equal roots equal. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-41
Solutions 2. Since the roots are equal, then ½
1. a = 9, b = – 3k , c = k D = 0
Since roots of the equation are equal D = b2 – 4ac = 0
2
b2 – 4ac = 0 ⇒ (–2k) – 4 (k)(6) = 0
2
(–3k) – (4 × 9 × k) = 0 ⇒ 4k2 – 24k = 0
9k2 – 36 k = 0 ⇒ 4k(k – 6) = 0
⇒ k = 0, 6 1
k2 – 4k = 0
k (k – 4) = 0 But k ≠ 0, as coefficient of x2 can not be zero
k = 0 or k = 4 k = 6 ½
Since k = 0 is not possible for the equation [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
k = 4.
3. b2 – 4ac = (– 4 3 )2 – 4(3)(4) 1 b2 – 4ac = 0
2
⇒ (– 8) – 4 × 1 × k = 0
= 48 – 48 = 0 ½ ⇒ 64 = 4k
\ Roots are real and equal.
64
⇒ k = = 16 ...(ii) 1
 b  b 4
\ Roots are  -  ,  -  1
2a 2a From (i) and (ii), we get k = 16 ½
For k = 16, given equations will have equal
2 3 2 3 solution. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] ½
or , ½
3 3

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 5. (i) For x2 + kx + 64 = 0 to have real roots
k2 – 256 ≥ 0 ...(i) 1½
2 2
4. For equation x + kx + 64 = 0 (ii)
For x – 8x + k = 0 to have real roots
b2 – 4ac = 0 64 – 4k ≥ 0 ...(ii) 1½
2
⇒ k – 4 × 1 × 64 = 0 For (i) and (ii) to hold simultaneously
⇒ k2 – 256 = 0 k = 16 1
⇒ k = ± 16 ...(i) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
and for equation x2 – 8x + k = 0
qqq
WORKSHEET-42
Solutions ⇒ 4k2 – 12k = 0

⇒ 4k(k – 3) = 0

1. As the equation has equal roots
\
k = 0, 3 1
i.e., D = 0
D = b2 – 4ac = 0 1
2
⇒
p – 4 × 4 × 3 = 0 4. Since equation has equal roots,
⇒
p2 – 48 = 0 ∴ D = 0
⇒
p2 = 48 i.e., b2 – 4ac = 0
⇒ p = ± 4 3 1 {2(2k – 3)}2 – 4(k – 2)(5k – 6) = 0 1

⇒ 4(4k2 – 12k + 9) – 4(k – 2)(5k – 6) = 0
2. a = 13 3 , b = 10, c = 3 ½ ⇒ 4k2 – 12k + 9 – 5k2 + 6k + 10k – 12 = 0 1

⇒ k2 – 4k + 3 = 0
b2 – 4ac = (10)2 – 4(13 3 )( 3 ) ½ ⇒ 2
k – 3k – k + 3 = 0
= 100 – 156 ⇒ k(k – 3) –1(k – 3) = 0
⇒ (k – 3)(k – 1) = 0
= – 56 ½
\ k = 1, 3 1
2
As b –4ac < 0 ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
So, the equation has no real roots. 5. Since the given equation has real roots,
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] i.e., D = b2 – 4ac = 0 1
Here, a = 1, b = – 8, c = k. 1
3. Given, kx2 + 1 –2(k – 1)x + x2 = 0 2
\ (–8) – 4(1)(k) = 0
1
i.e., (k + 1)x2 – 2(k – 1)x + 1 = 0 1
⇒
64 – 4k = 0
For equal roots D = b2 – 4ac = 0
64
Here, a = k + 1, b = –2(k – 1), c = 1 4k = 64 ⇒ k =
4
4(k – 1)2 – 4(k + 1) × 1 = 0
⇒ 4k2 – 8k + 4 – 4k – 4 = 0 1
⇒
k = 16 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-31

WORKSHEET-43
Solutions 3. (i) Let the cost price of the toy be ` x, then gain =
x%
HOTS & Value Based Questions  x 
⇒ Gain = `  x × 
 100 
1. (3 - 9 )2 + ( k - 2 )2 = 10 1
 x2 
= `   ½
Q Dist = ( x - x )2 + ( y - y )2 
 1 2 1 2   100 

∴
S.P. = C.P. + Gain
⇒ (– 6)2 + k2 – 4k + 4 = 100
⇒ k2 – 4k + 40 = 100 x2
= x +
⇒ k2 – 4k – 60 = 0 100
⇒ k2 – 10k +6k – 60 = 0 But S.P. = ` 24 ½
⇒ k(k – 10) + 6 (k – 10) = 0 x2
⇒ (k – 10)(k + 6) = 0 ∴
x+ = 24
100
\ k = 10, – 6 1
⇒ 100x + x2 = 2400
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011, 2012]
⇒ x2 + 100x – 2400 = 0
2
⇒ x + 120x – 20x – 2400 = 0
2.
B ⇒ x(x + 120) – 20(x + 120) = 0
⇒ (x – 20)(x + 120) = 0
⇒ x = 20 or x = – 120 1
O ⇒ x = 20, [Q x = – 120 is not
x possible]
Hence the cost price of the toy is ` 20.
(ii) Quadratic equation. ½
A (iii)
Genuine profit. ½
x+7 P
½ 4. Let the usual speed of plane be x km/h.
Let P be the location of the pole such that its 1500 1500 1
distance from gate B, x metres. ∴ - = 2
x x + 250 2
∴ AP = x + 7 ½
⇒ x2 + 250x – 750000 = 0
AB is diameter ⇒ ∠APB = 90° and AB = 17 m ½ (x + 1000) (x – 750) = 0
∴ x2 + (x + 7)2 = (17)2 ⇒ x = 750
2 2
x + x + 14x – 240 = 0
∴ Speed of plane = 750 km/h. 1
or x2 + 7x – 120 = 0 1½
Values depicted here are :
-7 ± 49 + 480 (i) Helping the needy.
x = = 8, –15
2 (ii) Quick help to the injured. 1
∴ x = 8 m, x + 7 = 15 m 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq
WORKSHEET-44
Solutions Since number of books cannot be negative,
∴ x = 20
HOTS & Value Based Questions
∴ Number of books bought = 20. 1
1. Let the number of books bought = x. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
1200 1200
∴
- = 20 1
x x + 10 2. Let the number of books be x and cost of each book
be ` y.
⇒ x2 + 10x – 600 = 0 1
∴ xy = 80 ½
⇒ (x + 30)(x – 20) = 0
Also, (x + 4)(y – 1) = 80 ½
⇒ x = – 30 or x = 20 1

⇒
xy – x + 4y – 4 = 80 ½ Since speed can’t be negative, therefore – 48 is not
 80  possible.
⇒
80 - x + 4   - 4 = 80 ½
 x ∴ Speed of passenger train = 32 km/h ½

and Speed of fast train = 48 km/h. ½
320
⇒
-x + -4 =0 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
x 4. (i) Suppose Arjun had x arrows.
⇒ – x2 + 320 – 4x = 0 Number of arrows used to cut arrows of Bheeshm
⇒ x2 + 4x – 320 = 0 3
=
2
⇒ x + 20x – 16x – 320 = 0 ½+½ x
⇒ x(x + 20) – 16(x + 20) = 0 Number of arrows used to kill the rath driver = 6
⇒ (x – 16)(x + 20) = 0 Number of other arrows used = 3
⇒ x = 16 Remaining arrows = 4 x + 1
(as it cannot be negative) x
So, + 6 + 3 + 4 x + 1 = x 1
∴ No. of books bought = 16 ½+½ 2

⇒
x + 20 + 8 x = 2x
3.
⇒
x = 20 + 8 x
A 192 km B 2
Put x = y , then
Let speed of passenger train be x km/h ½
y2 = 20 + 8y
∴ speed of superfast train = (x + 16) km/h ½ 2
⇒ y – 8y – 20 = 0
192
By question, Tpassenger = ⇒ y2 – 10y + 2y – 20 = 0
x ⇒ y(y – 10) + 2(y – 10) = 0
⇒ (y – 10) (y + 2) = 0
192 192
⇒ − = 2 ½ ⇒ y = 10 or y = – 2 1
x x + 16 ⇒ y = 10, [Q y cannot negative]
⇒ 192(x + 16) – 192x = 2(x2 + 16x)
½ ⇒ x = y2

⇒ x = 100.
⇒ 192x + 192 × 16 – 192x = 2(x2 + 16x)
½
Hence the number of arrows which Arjun had is
⇒
x2 + 16x – 1536 = 0 100.
2
⇒
x + 48x – 32x – 1536 = 0 (ii) Quadratic equations. ½
⇒
x(x + 48) – 32(x + 48) = 0 ½ (iii)
Bravery, fight for truth. ½
⇒ (x – 32)(x + 48) = 0

⇒
x = 32 or – 48
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-33

CHAPTER
SECTION
B
5 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
TOPIC-1
To Find nth Term of the Arithmetic Progression
WORKSHEET-45
1. a = 11, d = – 3, an = – 150 ∴ an = a + (n – 1) d
an = a + (n – 1)d = – 1 + 4n – 4 ½
– 150 = 11 + (n – 1)(– 3) = 4n – 5.
– 150 = 11 – 3n + 3
1
3n = 164 5. Given, t7 =
164 9
⇒ n = = 54·66
3 1
t9 =
Hence – 150 is not a term of the given A.P. 1 7
2. Here, a = 5, d = – 3 1
 l = a + (n – 1)d i.e. a + 6d = ... (i) 1
9
∴ – 49 = 5 + (n – 1)(– 3)
⇒ – 49 = 5 – 3n + 3 1
and a + 8d = ... (ii) 1
⇒ 3n = 49 + 5 + 3 7
57
⇒ n = = 19th term. 1 From, equation (ii) – equation (i), we get
3
1 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] a + 8d – a – 6d = -
7 9
3. Here, a = 3, d = 7 – 3 = 11 – 7 = 4 ½ 2
⇒ 2d =
an = a + (n – 1)d, let an = 184 ½ 63

⇒
184 = 3 + (n – 1) 4 ½
1
181 ⇒ d =
⇒ =n–1 63
4
∴ from (ii),

⇒
45.25 = n – 1
1 1
⇒ 46.25
=n a+8× =
63 7
⇒ 184 is not a term of given A.P.
½
⇒ a = -
4. Given, a3 = a + 2d = 7 7 63
⇒
a7 – 3 × 7 = 2 1 9-8 1
⇒ a = =
⇒
a + 6d – 21 = 2 63 63
a + 6d = 23 1 1 1 + 62
∴ t63 = + 62 × =
a + 2d = 7 63 63 63

– – – 1
63
⇒ 4d = 16 ⇒ t63 = =1 1
63
⇒
d = 4
a + 8 = 7 6. Let the three numbers in A.P. be a – d, a, a + d.
a = – 1 ½ 3a = 12
a20 = a + 19d ⇒
a = 4.
= – 1 + 76 = 75
Also, (4 – d)3 + 43 + (4 + d)3 = 288 1 ⇒ d2 = 4
⇒ 64 – 48d + 12d2 – d3 + 64 + 64 + 48d + 12d2 + d3 d = ± 2 1
= 288 The numbers are 2, 4, 6, or 6, 4, 2. 1
⇒ 24d2 + 192 = 288 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq
WORKSHEET-46
1. Here given sequence is an A.P. From (i), a + 8d = 7a + 7d
2 , 8 , 18 , ...
– 6a + d = 0 ...(iii)
From (ii), a + 11d = 5a + 10d + 2
= 2 , 2 2 , 3 2 ...
– 4a + d = 2 ...(iv)
Where, a = 2,d= 2 , n = 10
Subtracting (iv) from (iii),
∴
an = a + (n – 1) d – 2a = – 2
⇒
a10 = 2 + (10 - 1) 2 ⇒ a = 1 1
= 2 +9 2 From (iii),
– 6 + d = 0
= 10 2
d = 6 ½
= 200 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
2. Let us write A.P. in reverse order 5. Here given, a3 = 9 ⇒ a + 2d = 9 ....(i)
i.e., 184, ........ 13, 10, 7. ½ a8 – a5 = 6
d = 7 – 10 = – 3 ½ ⇒ (a + 7d) – (a + 4d) =6
⇒ 3d = 6
a = 184, n = 7 ⇒ d = 2 ....(ii) 1
a7 = a + 6d Substituting (ii) in (i), we get
a7 = 184 + 6 (– 3) ⇒ a + 2(2) = 9
⇒ a = 5 1
= 184 – 18 = 166. ½ So, A.P. is 5, 7, 9, 11, ..... 1
Hence, 166 is the 7th term from the end. ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
6. a, 7, b, 23 and c are in A.P.
3. Let the nth term be zero. Let the common difference be d
then an = 0 ∴ a + d = 7 .....(i) ½
⇒
a + (n – 1)d = 0 a + 3d = 23 .....(ii) ½
⇒ 150 + (n – 1)(–3) = 0
1 From (i) and (ii), we get
⇒
150 – 3n + 3 = 0 a = – 1, d = 8 1
⇒ –3n = –153
b = a + 2d
∴
n = 51. 1 b = – 1 + 2 × 8
Therefore, the first negative term is 52nd term.
⇒ b = – 1 + 16
⇒ b = 15 ½
4. Let the first term of A.P. be a and common difference be d.
∴ c = a + 4d
a9 = 7a2
= – 1 + 4 × 8
⇒
a + 8d = 7(a + d) ...(i) ½ = – 1 + 32
a12 = 5a3 + 2 c = 31 ½
⇒ a + 11d = 5(a + 2d) + 2 ...(ii) 1 ∴ a = – 1, b = 15, c = 31 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-35

WORKSHEET-47
2, a + d= 8 = 2 2 5. Given, a8 = 0 ⇒ a + 7d = 0 ⇒ a = – 7d ½
1. Here, a =
⇒
a38 = a + 37d
d = 2 2 - 2 = 2
⇒
a38 = – 7d + 37d = 30d ½
∴ Next term = 32 + 2
⇒
a18 = a + 17d
= 4 2 + 2
= – 7d + 17d = 10d ½
= 2 × 5
⇒
a38 = 30d = 3 × 10d = 3 × a18
= 50 1 ∴
a38 = 3a18. Hence Proved. ½
2. Common difference, 6. Let the four numbers be
d = 6- 3 a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d
∴ a –3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 56

= 3 ( 2 -1 ) ⇒ 4a = 56
a = 14 1
= 9- 6
Hence numbers are 14 – 3d, 14 – d, 14 + d, 14 + 3d
= 3 - 6 Now, according to question,
12 - 9 (14 - 3d )(14 + 3d ) 5
= =
(14 - d )(14 + d ) 6

= 2 3 - 3
196 - 9d 2 5
The given series is not in A.P. as common difference ⇒
2
=
196 - d 6
does not exist. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
3. Here, a = 7 , a + d = 28 ⇒
6(196 – 9d2) = 5(196 – d2)
⇒
6 × 196 – 54d2 = 5 × 196 – 5d2
∴ d = 28 - 7 = 2 7 − 7
⇒ 6 × 196 – 5 × 196 = 54d2 – 5d2

= 7 ⇒
(6 – 5) × 196 = 49d2
⇒ Next term = 7 + ( 4 - 1) 7 196

⇒
d2 = =4
49
⇒ = 7(4)
⇒
d = ± 2 1
⇒
= 7 × 16 1 ∴ The numbers are

14 – 3 × 2, 14 – 2, 14 + 2, 14 + 3 × 2
= 112 .
8, 12, 16, 20 1
4. Let the 1st term be a and common difference be d.
7. a = a’ + (p – 1)d, b = a’ + (q – 1)d, c = a’ + (r – 1)d
According to the question, a32 = 2a12
1½
∴
a + 31d = 2(a + 11d)
a(q – r) = [a’ + (p – 1)d][q – r]
a + 31d = 2a + 22d
b(r – p) = [a’ + (q – 1)d][r – p]
a = 9d 1 and c[p – q] = [a’ + (r – 1)d][p – q] ½
a70 = a + 69d \ a(q – r) + b(r – p) + c(p – q) = a’ [q – r + r – p + p –

= 9d + 69d = 78d q] + d [p(q – r) – q + r + (q – 1) (r – p) + (r – 1) (p – q)]

 a31 = a + 30d ½
= 9d + 30d = 39d = a’ × 0 + d[pq – pr + qr – pq + pr – qr + (– q + r – r
a70 = 2a31 Hence Proved. 1 + p – p + q)] = 0 ½
qqq
WORKSHEET-48
1. If 2k + 1, 3k + 3, 5k – 1 are in A.P. ⇒ a + 12d = 0
then (5k – 1) – (3k+ 3) = (3k + 3) – (2k + 1) ½ ∴ a13 = 0. 1
⇒ 5k – 1 – 3k – 3 = 3k + 3 – 2k – 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
⇒ 2k – 4 = k + 2
4. Let the first term be a and common difference be d.
⇒ 2k – k = 4 + 2
a +4d = 20 ...(i) ½
or k = 6 ½
a + 6d + a + 10d = 64
5 5 a + 8d = 32 ...(ii)1
2. Here, a = – 5, d = - - ( - 5) = Solving equations (i) and (ii),
2 2
common difference d = 3 ½
nth term = a +(n – 1)d
5
25th term = – 5 + (25 – 1) ×  
2 5. Sn = 3n2 + 5n
= – 5 + 60 Sn – 1 = 3(n – 1)2 + 5(n – 1)
= 55 1 = 3(n2 + 1 – 2n) + 5n – 5 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] = 3n2 + 3 – 6n + 5n – 5
= 3n2 – n – 2
3. Given, 5a5 = 8a8 an = Sn – Sn – 1 = 3n2 + 5n – (3n2 – n – 2) 1
⇒ 5(a + 4d) = 8(a + 7d) 1 = 6n + 2 ½
⇒ 5a + 20d = 8a + 56d A.P. is 8, 14, 20, .................... ½
⇒ 3a + 36d = 0 a15 = a + 14d = 8 + 14(6) = 92.
⇒ 3(a + 12d) = 0 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
7.

[Topper Answer, 2016]

qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-37

WORKSHEET-49
TOPIC-2
Sum of nth Terms of an Arithmetic Progression
1. Here, a = 5, n = 10, d = 5
1
n = (3 × 49 + 13) = 80 1
 S = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ] 2
2
10 6.
S1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + ....n.
∴ S10 = [ 2 × 5 + (10 - 1)5]
2 S2 = 1 + 3 + 5 + ...upto n terms
= 5 [10 + 9 × 5] S3 = 1 + 4 + 7 + ...upto n terms
= 5 [10 + 45] n( n + 1)
⇒ S1 = ½
= 5 × 55 = 275 1 2
2. Here, a = 2, d = 2, n = 5 n
Also, S2 = [2 × 1 + (n – 1)2]
n 2
 S = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ]
2 n
= [2n] = n2 ½
5 2
∴ S5 = [ 2 × 2 + ( 5 - 1)2]
2 n
5 and S3 = [2 × 1 + (n – 1)3]
= [ 4 + 4 × 2] 2
2
n( 3n - 1)
5 = ½
= [ 4 + 8] 2
2
n( n + 1) n( 3n - 1)
5 Now, S1 + S3 = + ½
= × 12 = 5 × 6 = 30 1 2 2
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] n[n + 1 + 3n - 1]
=
2
3. Here a = 65, d = – 5, Sn = 0 ½
n[ 4 n]
n =
[130 + (n – 1) (– 5)] = 0 1 2
2
⇒ n = 27 ½ = 2n2 = 2S2 Hence Proved. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 7. a = 8, d = 1/3 years, Sn = 168 ½
n
4. Here a = 18, d = – 2, Sn = 0 ½ Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ]
n 2
Therefore [36 + (n – 1) (– 2)] = 0 1
2 n 1
⇒ n = 19 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ½ =  2( 8 ) + ( n - 1) 
⇒ 168 ½
2 3
n2 + 47n – 1008 = 0 1
3n 2 + 13n
5. Sn = ⇒ n2 + 63n – 16n – 1008 = 0

2
⇒ (n – 16)(n + 63) = 0
an = Sn – Sn–1
⇒ a25 = S25 – S24 ⇒ n = 16 or n = – 63
n = 16
3( 25)2 + 13( 25) 3( 24 )2 + 13( 24 )
= - 1 (n cannot be negative) 1
2 2
1 Age of the eldest participant = a + 15d = 13 years
= {3(252 – 242) + 13(25 – 24)} 1
2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1

qqq
WORKSHEET-50
1. Here, a = 10, d = 6 – 10 = – 4, n = 16 n
n 5.
S1 = [10 + (n – 1)2] ½
 S = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ] 2
2 n
S2 = [10 + (n – 1)4] ½
16 2
∴ S16 = [ 2 × 10 + (16 - 1)( - 4)]
2
n
= 8[20 + 15 × (– 4)] S3 = [10 + (n – 1)6] ½
2
= 8[20 – 60]
= 8 × (– 40) n
S1 + S3 = [20 + 2n – 2 + 6n – 6]
= – 320 1 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] n
= [20 + 8(n – 1)]
2
2. Here, a = 6, d = 6, n = 5 n
n = 2 × [10 + 4(n – 1)] 1
 S = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ] 2
2
= 2S2 ½
5
∴ S5 = [ 2 × 6 + ( 5 - 1) (6)] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
2
5 6. Let a be the first term and the common difference
[12 + 4 × 6] =
be d.
2
5 5 S12 = 6[2a + 11d]
= [12 + 24] = [36]
2 2 = 12a + 66d 1

= 5 × 18 = 90 1 S8 = 4[2a + 7d]= 8a + 28d ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] S4 = 2[2a + 3d] = 4a + 6d ½
3(S8 – S4) = 3[(8a + 28d) – (4a + 6d)]
3. Here a = 27, d = – 3, Sn = 0 ½ = 3[4a + 22d]
n
∴ [54 + (n – 1)(–3)] = 0 1 = 12a + 66d
2 = 6[2a + 11d]
⇒ n = 19 ½
= S12 1
4. S5 + S7 = 167
7. Let total time be n minutes
5 7
⇒ ( 2 a + 4 d ) + ( 2 a + 6d ) = 167 Total distance convered by thief = (100n) metres ½
2 2
Total distance covered by policeman = 100 + 110 +
⇒ 24a + 62d = 334 120 + ... + (n – 1) terms ½
or 12a + 31d = 167 ....(i) ½ n -1
S10 = 235 ∴ 100n = [200 + (n – 2)10] 1
2
⇒ 5(2a + 9d) = 235
n2 – 3n – 18 = 0 ½
or 2a + 9d = 47 ...(ii) ½
(n – 6)(n + 3) = 0 ½
Solving (i) and (ii), wet get
a = 1, d = 5 ½ ⇒ n = 6 ½
Here A.P. = 1, 6, 11, .... ½ Policeman took 5 minutes to catch the thief. ½
qqq
WORKSHEET-51
1. Let the sum of n terms of A.P. = Sn. + 5 (n – 1)]
Given, Sn = 2n2 + 5n = 2n2 + 5n – [2 n2 – 4n
th
Now, n term of A.P. = Sn – Sn – 1 + 2 + 5n – 5]
⇒ an = (2n2 + 5n) – [2 (n – 1)2 = 2n2 + 5n – 2n2 – n + 3
S OLUT I ONS P-39

an = 4n + 3 ½ 5. Here, a14 = 2a8
4th term a4 = 4 × 4 + 3 Let first term be a and common difference be d.
= 19 ½ ⇒ a = – d. ...(i) 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] a6 = – 8
⇒ a + 5d = – 8 ...(ii) ½
2. Let the sum of k terms of A.P. is Sn = 3k2 – k
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
Now kth term of A.P.
a = 2, d = – 2 ½
= Sn – Sn –1
ak = (3k2 – k) – [3 (k – 1)2 – (k – 1)] 20
S20 = [ 2 × 2 + ( 20 - 1)( -2 )]
= 3k2 – k – [3k2 – 6k + 3 – k + 1] 2
= 3k2 – k – 3k2 + 7k – 4
= 10[4 + 19 × (– 2)]
= 6k – 4 ½
first term a = 6 × 1 – 4 = 2 ½ = 10(4 – 38)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = 10 × (– 34) = – 340 1
3. Here, a1 = – 1, a2 = – 5 and d = – 4 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
n 6. Let a, A be the first terms and d, D be the common
 Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1) d ] ½
2 difference of two A.P.’s
16 Then according to question,
∴ S16 = [ 2 × ( -1) + (16 - 1) ( - 4)] ½
2 n
Sn [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ]
= 8 [– 2 – 60] = 8 (– 62) 7n + 1
= 2 = 1
= – 496 1 S 'n n 4 n + 27
[ 2 A + ( n - 1)D]
4. Here n = 25, tn = 7 – 3n 2 a + ( n - 1)d 7n + 1
⇒ =
Taking n = 1, 2, 3, ..... 2 A + ( n - 1)D 4 n + 27

t1 = 7 – 3 × 1 = 4
t2 = 7 – 3 × 2 = 1 n -1
a+( )d 7n + 1
t3 = 7 – 3 × 3 = – 2 ½ ⇒
2 = ½
∴ Given A.P. is 4, 1, – 2, ..... . n -1 4 n + 27
A+( )D
Here, a = 4, d = 1 – 4 = – 3 ½ 2
n n -1
Now, Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ] ½ Putting =m–1
2 2
25
= [ 2 × 4 + ( 25 - 1) ( - 3)] ⇒
n = 2m – 1 1
2
a + ( m - 1)d 7( 2m - 1) + 1
25 =
= [8 + 24 ( - 3)] A + ( m - 1)D 4( 2m - 1) + 27
2
25 am 14 m - 6
= ( 8 - 72 ) ⇒
= ½
2 Am 8m + 23
= – 800 ½
qqq
WORKSHEET-52
1. Here, an = 3 – 2n 15
S15 = [1 + ( - 27 )]
Taking n = 1, tn = 3 – 2 = 1 2
n =15, t15 = 3 – 2 × 15 15
= [ -26]
= 3 – 30 = – 27 1 2
n = 15 × (– 13) = – 195 1
Sn = ( a + l )
2. Tn = Sn – Sn – 1 ½ 5. Let the first term be a and the common difference
Tn – 1 = Sn – 1 – Sn – 2 ½ be d.
a12 = a + 11d = – 13 ...(i) ½
Sn – 2Sn – 1 + Sn – 2 = Sn – Sn – 1 – Sn – 1 + Sn – 2
S4 = 2[2a + 3d] = 24
= (Sn – Sn – 1) 2a + 3d = 12 ...(ii) 1
– (Sn – 1 – Sn –2) ½ Solving (i) and (ii), we get
= Tn – Tn – 1 = d. ½ a = 9 and d = – 2 1
Thus, S10 = [ 2 × 9 + (10 - 1)( -2 )]
3. Let the sum of first n terms of A.P. = Sn 2
Given, Sn = 5n – n2 = 5[18 – 18] = 0 ½
th
Now, n term of A.P. = Sn – Sn – 1 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
⇒ an = (5n – n2) – [5(n – 1) – (n – 1)2]
= 5n – n2 – [5n – 5 – (n2 + 1 – 2n)] 6. Let the first 20 terms
= 5n – n2 – (5n – 5 – n2 – 1 + 2n) 20
S20 = ( 2 a + 19d )
= 5n – n2 – 7n + 6 + n2 2
= – 2n + 6 20
⇒ 400 = ( 2 a + 19d )
⇒ an = – 2(n – 3) 2

∴ nth term an = – 2(n – 3) 1 ⇒ 400 = 10 [2a + 19d]
4. a = 5, l = 45 (given) or 2a + 19d = 40 ...(i) 1
∴ 45 = 5 + (n – 1)d 40
⇒ (n – 1)d = 40 ....(i) Also, S40 = ( 2 a + 39d )
2
Given, Sn = 400 1
n ⇒ 1600 = 20 [2a + 39d]
∴ 400 = (5+ 45) or 2a + 39d = 80 ...(ii) 1
2 from (i) and (ii), we get
800 = 50 n a = 1 and d = 2
⇒ n = 16
10
∴ from (i), S10 = [ 2 × 1 + (10 - 1)( 2 )] 1
(n – 1)d = 40 2
∴ 15d = 40 = 5 [2 + 9 × 2]
40 8 = 5 [2 + 18]
⇒ d = = 1
15 3 = 5 × 20 = 100 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-53
HOTS & Value based Answers ⇒
889 = (n – 1) × 7 ½
1. The sequence goes like this, 889
110, 120, 130,................. 990 ⇒ n – 1 = = 127 ½
7
Since they have a common difference of 10, they
⇒ n = 127 + 1 = 128. ½
form an A.P. a = 110, an = 990, d = 10 ½
Therefore, the first negative term is 52nd term.
an = a+ (n – 1) × d
990 = 110 + (n – 1) × 10 3. Two digit numbers which are divisible by 7 are
990 – 110 = (n – 1) × 10 ½ 14, 21, 28, ......98. ½
880 = (n – 1) × 10 It forms an A.P.
n – 1 = 88 a = 14, d = 7, an = 98 ½
n = 89 ½ an = a + (n – 1)d
These are 89 terms between 101 and 999 divisible by 98 = 14 + (n – 1)7 ½
2 and 5. ½ 98 – 14 = 7n – 7
2. Let A.P. is 105, 112, 119, ............., 994 which is 84 + 7 = 7n
divisible by 7.
⇒ 7n = 91
Here, a = 105, d = 112 – 105 = 7, Tn = 994, then
Tn = a + (n – 1)d ½ ⇒ n = 13 ½
⇒ 994 = 105 + (n – 1) × 7 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
S OLUT I ONS P-41

4. Here a = 101, d = 7, an = 997 1 A.P. formed by saving, 1
⇒ an = a + (n – 1)d ½ According to the question,
997 = 101 + (n – 1) × 7 ½ Sequence is 100, 120, 140, ..... upto 12 terms
∴ n = 129. 1 n
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]  Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
5. Here, a = 12, l = 264, d = 4
12
l-a 264 - 12 ∴ S12 = [2 × 100 + (12 – 1) × 20]
n = +1 = +1 1 2
d 4
⇒ = 6[200 + 11 × 20]
252
= + 1 = 63 + 1 = 64 1 ⇒ = 6[200 + 220]
4
⇒ = 6 × 420 = 2520 ½
There are 64 multiples of 4 that lie between 11 and
She will be able to send her daughter to school
266. 1
after 12 weeks. ½
6. Here, required money is ` 2500 Value : small saving can fulfill your big desires or
a = saving in 1st week = ` 100 anyone else’s. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
d = difference in weekly saving = ` 20
qqq
WORKSHEET-54
HOTS & Value based Answers 5 – (–3), 5, 5 + (–3)
1. Here 2
an = n + 1 i,e., 8, 5 and 2 ½
∴ Original number is 8 × 100 + 5 × 10 + 2 × 1 =
d = an – an – 1 1
852. ½
⇒
d = (n2 + 1) – [(n – 1)2 + 1] 4. The list of 2-digit odd positive numbers are 11, 13
⇒ = n2 + 1 – n2 + 2n – 1 – 1
...... 99. 1
⇒
d = 2n – 1 1 This is an A.P. with a = 11, d = 2
Since common difference depends upon n and not We have, tn = a + (n – 1)d
constant, n2 + 1 can not be the nth term of an A.P. So, 99 = 11 + (n – 1)2
1 ⇒ n = 45 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] n
∴ Sn = [2 a +( n - 1)d ]
2
2. S7 = 49 ⇒ 2a + 6d = 14 ½
45
S17 = 289 ⇒ 2a + 16d = 34 ½ = [2(11)+(44)2]
Solving equations to get a = l and d = 2 1 2
n 2 45
Hence Sn = [2 + (n – 1)2] = n . 1 ⇒ Sn = [22 + 88] = 2475. 1
2 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 5. (i) Since, each section of class plants the same
3. Let the three digits be a – d, a, a + d. ½ number of trees as the class number and there are
Sum = a – d + a + a + d = 3a = 15 given ½ three sections of each class.
∴ the three digits are 5 – d, 5, 5 + d. ∴ Total number of trees planted by the students
∴ Original number = 100(5 – d) + 10 × 5 + 1(5 + d) = 3[1 + 2 + ....... + 12]
= 555 – 99d  12 
Revered number = 100(5 + d) + 10 × 5 + 1(5 – d) = 3  [2×1+(12 - 1)×1] 1
2 
= 555 + 99d
= 3[6(2 + 11)]
According to question,
= 18 × 13 = 234
(555 – 99d) – (555 + 99d) = 594
∴ Students planted 234 trees. 1
– 198d = 594
(ii) Arithmetic Progression. 1
594
⇒ d = = – 3 1 (iii) Our duty towards earth is to save our
-198
environment. 1
∴ The three digits are

qqq
CHAPTER
SECTION
B
6 LINES (IN TWO DIMESIONS)
TOPIC-1
Distance Between Two Points and Section Formula
WORKSHEET-55
Solutions
3
3. AP = AB ⇒ AP : PB = 3 : 4 1
7
1. Let P(x, y) is equidistant from A(–5, 3) and B (7, 2)
AP = BP P (x, y)
A (–2, –2) 3:4 B (2, –4)
⇒ (( x + 5)2 + ( y - 3)2 ) =
(( x − 7 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 ) 6-8 2
½ ∴ x = = - 1
2
⇒ x + 10x + 25 + y – 6y + 9
2 7 7
= x2 – 14x + 49 + y2 – 4y + 4 ½ -12 - 8 20
10x – 6y + 34 = – 14x – 4y + 53 ∴ y = = - ½
7 7
10x + 14x – 6y + 4y = 53 – 34
 2 20 
24x – 2y = 19 P =  − , −  ½
 7 7

24x – 2y – 19 = 0 is the required relation. 1
3:4 4.
By section formula
A C B
2. 3( 8 a ) + 1( 3a + 1)
(2, 5) (–1, 2) (x, y) 9a – 2 = ...(i) 1
3+1
AC 3 3( 5) + 1( -3)
Given that, = – b = ...(ii) 1
CB 4 3+1
Applying section formula for x co-ordinate,
From (ii),
3 x + 4( 2 ) 15 - 3
– 1 = – b = =3
3+4 4
⇒
–7 = 3x + 8 b = – 3 1
or x = – 5 1 From (i),
Similarly for y co-ordinate, 24 a + 3a + 1
9a – 2 =
3 y + 4( 5 ) 4
2 =
3+4 4(9a – 2) = 27a + 1
14 = 3y + 20 36a – 8 = 27a + 1
or y = – 2 9a = 9
∴ (x, y) is (–5, –2)
1 a = 1 1
Hence x2 + y2 = (–5)2 + (–2)2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
= 25 + 4 = 29 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-43

WORKSHEET-56
Solutions 12 + 3 14 + 6
∴ x= = 3; y = = 4 1+½
5 5
1. The point on the y-axis is (0, 12)
P(x, y) = (3, 4) ½
∴ Distance between (5, 12) and (0, 12)
d = (0 - 5)2 + (12 - 12 )2
5. P(x, y), A(6, 2), B(– 2, 6)
= 25 + 0 = 5 units. 1
PA = PB ⇒ PA2 = PB2 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011] 2 2 2 2
(x – 6) + (y – 2) = (x + 2) + (y – 6) ½
2. Let the point P be (2y, y) 1 ⇒ x2 – 12x + 36 + y2 – 4y + 4
PQ = PR = x2 + 4 x + 4 + y2 – 12y + 36
⇒ ( 2 y − 2 )2 + ( y + 5 )2 = ( 2 y + 3 )2 + ( y − 6 )2 ½ ⇒ – 12x – 4y = 4 x – 12y

Solving to get y = 8 ⇒ 12y – 4y = 4x + 12x
Hence coordinates of point P are (16, 8). ½ ⇒ 8y = 16x 2

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ⇒ y = 2x Hence proved.
3. Let the point on y-axis be (0, y) and AP : PB = K 1
½ 6. Let P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) are two points which
5−k divide AB in three equal parts.
Therefore = 0 gives k = 5
k +1 By section formula
Hence required ratio is 5 : 1 ½  1 × ( -4 ) + 2 × ( 2 ) 1 × ( -6 ) + 2 × ( -3) 
P(x1, y1) =  ,  1
−4( 5) − 6 −13  1+ 2 1+ 2
y = = ½
6 3
 -4 + 4 -6 + ( -6 ) 
 −13  =  , 
Hence point on y- axis is  0 , . ½ 3 3
 3 
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] = (0, – 4) 1

 2 × ( -4 ) + 1 × ( 2 ) 2 × ( -6 ) + 1 × ( -3) 
Q(x2, y2) =  ,  1
4.  2+1 2+1

P (x, y)
A (1, 2) 2:3 B (6, 7)  -8 + 2 -12 + ( -3) 
=  , 
 3 3
2
AP = AB ⇒ AP : PB = 2 : 3 1
5 = (– 2, – 5) 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-57
Solutions ⇒ –3n –3 = – 2n – 5
P
5 – 3 = 3n – 2n
A B
1. 2 = n ½
(– 5, – 4)
(– 3, k) (– 2, 3)
n 2
∴ Ratio = or 2 : 1 ½
Let the ratio in which P divides AB be n : 1 1 1
Considering x co-ordinate for section formula
Now, Considering y co-ordinate
( -2 )n + 1( -5)
–3 = 2( 3) + 1( -4 )
n+1 k =
2+1
⇒ –3(n + 1) = – 2n – 5

6-4 2 3. A (7, 2)
k = =
3 3
2
∴
k = 1
3 E F (x2, y2)
(x1, y1)
2. |PQ| = |PR|
[ x - ( a + b )]2 + [ y - ( b - a )]2

B (9, 10) C (1, 4)
= [ x - ( a - b )]2 + [ y - ( b + a )]2

∴ Co-ordinates of point E
P (x, y)
 9 + 7 10 + 2 
=  , 
 2 2 
= (8, 6) ½
Co-ordinates of point F
 7 + 1 2 + 4
=  , 
 2 2 
Q R
(a + b, b – a) (a – b, a + b)
= (4, 3) ½
Squaring, we get
[x – (a + b)]2 + [y – (b – a)]2
Length of EF = (8 − 4 ) 2
+ (6 - 3)
2
= [x – (a – b)]2 + [y – (a + b)]2 1 = ( 4 ) + (3) 2 2

2 2
⇒ [x – (a + b)] – [x – a + b] = 5 units ...(i) 1
= (y – a – b)2 – (y – b + a)2

Length of BC = (9 - 1) + (10 - 4 )
2 2
⇒ (x – a – b + x – a + b) (x – a – b – x + a – b)
= (y – a – b + y – b + a)(y – a – b – y + b – a) = (8 ) + (6 ) 2 2

⇒ (2x – 2a) (– 2b) = (2y – 2b) (– 2a)
=10 units ...(ii)
⇒ (x – a) b = (y – b) a From equation (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ bx = ay. Hence proved. 1 1
EF = BC. Hence proved. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-58
Solutions 2. A (5, 2)
1. Given A(3, 0), B(6, 4) and C(–1, 3)

∴ AB2 = (3 – 6)2 + (0 – 4)2 = 9 + 16 = 25
½
2 2 2
BC = (6 + 1) + (4 –3) = 49 + 1 = 50 ½
2 2 2
CA = (–1 –3) + (3 – 0) = 16 + 9 = 25 ½
AB2 = CA2 ⇒ AB = CA
∴ Triangle is isosceles

Also, 25 + 25 = 50 B (2, –2) C (–2, t)

2 2 2
⇒
AB + CA = BC ½
Since pythagoras theorem is verified, therefore
triangle is a right angled triangle.
S OLUT I ONS P-45

AB2 = (2 – 5)2 + (– 2 –2)2 =9 + 16 = 25 y
BC2 = (– 2 – 2)2 + (t + 2)2 = 16 + (t + 2)2

AC2 = (5 + 2)2 + (2 – t)2 = 49 + (2 – t)2 1
P (0,y)
Since ∆ABC is a right angled triangle
∴ AC2 = AB2 + BC2
⇒ 49 + (2 – t)2 = 25 + 16 + (t + 2)2 x′
Q R
x
(– 4,0) (4,0)
⇒ 49 + 4 – 4t + t2 = 41 + t2 + 4t + 4
⇒ 53 – 4t = 45 + 4t
⇒ 8t = 8
∴ t =1 1
y′
3. Co-ordinates of point R = (4, 0) 1

⇒
y = ±4 3 1
∴ QR = 8 units ½
Let the co-ordinates of point P be (0, y) 1 Coordinates of P are (0, 4 3 )

Since PQ = QR or (0, − 4 3 ) ½
⇒ (– 4 – 0)2 + (0 – y)2 = 64
⇒ 16 + y2 = 64 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
WORKSHEET-59
Solutions 4. Here ∆ABC is a right angle triangle,
1. A B A (4, 7)
Q
5

Here, BQ = AB
7
BQ 5
⇒ =
AB 7
AQ 7-5 2 B (p, 3) C (7, 3)
⇒ = =
BQ 5 5
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
∴ AQ : BQ = 2 : 5 1 ⇒ (p – 4) + (3 – 7)2 + (7 – p)2 + (3 – 3)2
2
2. Points are (– 4, – 7) and (0, – 7) = (7 – 4)2 + (3 – 7)2 ½

⇒ (p – 4)2 + (– 4)2 + (7 – p)2 + 0
\
Distance = (0 + 4 )2 + ( -7 + 7 )2 = (3)2 + (–4)2 1
= 42 + 0 = 16 = 4 units 1 ⇒ p2 – 8p + 16 + 16 + 49 + p2 – 14p

= 9 + 16
3. Let P divide AB in the ratio k : 1 ½ ⇒ 2p2 – 22p + 81 = 25
P (3/4, 5/12) ⇒ 2p2 – 22p + 56 = 0
A k:1 B (2, –5)
⇒ p2 – 11p + 28 = 0
1 3
 ,  ⇒ (p – 4) (p – 7) = 0
2 2
⇒ p = 7 or 4
2 k +1 / 2 3 p ≠ 7, p = 4 ½
= ⇒ 8k + 2 = 3k + 3
k +1 4 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
1 5. Let point be (0, y) ½
⇒ k = 1
5 52 + (y + 2)2 = (3)2 + (y – 2)2
Required ratio = 1 : 5 ½ ⇒ 25 + 4y + 4 = 9 – 4y + 4 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 8y = – 16 ⇒ y = – 2 ½
⇒ Point (0, – 2) 1
qqq
TOPIC-2
Area of Triangle
WORKSHEET-60
Solutions 1
⇒ [5(4 – y) + (– 3) (y – 2) + x(2 – 4)] = 0
2
1. Area of triangle
1
1 ⇒ [20 – 5y – 3y + 6 + (– 2x)] = 0
= [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] 2
2
1
1 ⇒ [– 2x – 8y + 26] = 0
= [0(0 – 5) + 6(5 – 0) + 0(0 – 0)] 2
2

1 ⇒ x + 4y – 13 = 0
= [6 × 5] = 15 sq. units 1 Hence proved. 2
2
1
2. Area of the triangle formed by the given points A(0, 5. Area of the triangle = |t (t + 2 – t) + (t + 2)
1), B(2, 3) and C(3, 4) 2
1
= |0(3 – 4) + 2(4 – 1) + 3(1 – 3)| 1 (t – t + 2) + (t + 3) (t – 2 – t –2)| 2
2
1 1
= |0 + (2) (3) + (3) ( – 2)| = [2t + 2t + 4 – 4t – 12] 1
2 2

1 = 4 sq. units.
= |6 – 6|
2 which is independent of t. 1
1
= (0) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
2
6. Using mid-point formula, co-ordinaes of P are
= 0
∴ The given points are collinear. 1  −10 − 2 4 + 0 
 ,  = –6, 2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 2 2 
Now as P lies on line joining C and D. So, C, D, P are
3. A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) collinear.
(2, 3) (4, p) (6, – 3) Hence, Area of D = 0 ...(i)
Since the points are collinear 1
∴ Area = 0 1 i.e., [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] = 0 1
2
1
[x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] = 0 Given points are C(– 9, – 4) P(– 6, 2) D(– 4, y)
2 ↓ ↓ ↓
1 x1, y1 x2, y2 x3, y3 1
⇒ [2(p + 3) + 4(– 3 – 3) + 6(3 – p)] = 0 1
2 So, from (i)
1
1 Area. of D = [– 9(2 – y) + (– 6) (y + 4) + ( – 4)
⇒ [2p + 6 – 24 + 18 – 6p] = 0 ½ 2
2
(– 4 – 2)]
1
⇒ [– 4p] = 0
2 1
⇒ [– 18 + 9y – 6y – 24 + 24] = 0

⇒ 4p = 0, p = 0. ½ 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ⇒ 3y – 18 = 0

4. Since the points are collinear ⇒
y = 6
∴ The area of triangle = 0 ½
1 So, the co-ordinates of D are now (– 4, 6)
∴ Area of triangle = [x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1)
2 Now, finding length of CP and PD using distance
+x3 (y1 – y2)] ½ formula,
S OLUT I ONS P-47

CP = 45 = 3 5 CP 3 5
∴
required ratio = = = 3 : 2 1
PD 2 5
PD = 20 = 2 5
qqq
WORKSHEET-61
Solutions x+1
=2⇒x=3
2
1. Since the points are collinear, then
Area of triangle = 0 y + (− 4)
=–1⇒y=2 ½
2
1
[x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] = 0 ½ ⇒ B(3, 2) ½
2 x1 + 1
1 ⇒ = 0 ⇒ x1 = – 1
[x(– 4 + 5) + (– 3) (– 5 – 2) + 7(2 + 4)] = 0 2
2 y1 + ( − 4 )
x + 21 + 42 = 0 = – 1 ⇒ y1 = 2
2
x = – 63 ½
⇒ C = (– 1, 2) ½
2. Let the points be A(2, – 2), B(–2, 1) and C(5, 2)
Now
the co-ordinates are A(1, – 4), B(3, 2), C(– 1, 2)
Applying distance formula
Area of triangle
AB2 = (2 + 2)2 + (–2 –1)2 1
= 16 + 9 = [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] ½
2
AB2 = 25 ⇒ AB = 5
1
Similarly BC2 = (–2 –5)2 + (1 – 2)2 = [1(2 – 2) + 3(2 + 4) – 1(– 4 – 2)]
2
= 49 + 1 = 50
1
⇒
BC2 = 50 ⇒ BC = 5 2 = [0 + 18 + 6]
2
Also, = 12 sq. units ½
AC2 = (2 – 5)2 + (–2 –2)2 [CBSE Marking Scheme. 2015]
= 9 + 16
= 25
4. A (–3, 2) B (5, 4)
⇒ AC2 = 25 and AC = 5
Clearly AB + AC2 = BC2
2
1
25 + 25 = 50
Hence the triangle is right angled,
1
Area of ∆ABC = × Base × Height
2
1 25 D (–5, –4) C (7, –6) ½
= ×5×5= sq unit. 1
2 2
1
3. ar (DABD) = |–3(8) + 5(–6) + –5(2 – 4)|
A(1, – 4) 2
= 22 sq. units 1½
E 1
F(0, –1) ½ ar (DBCD) = |5(–2) + 7(–8) – 5(10)|
(2, –1) 2
= 58 sq. units 1½
C (x1, y1) ar (Quad ABCD) = 80 sq. units ½

B (x, y)
Let E be the mid point of AB [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq
WORKSHEET-62
Solutions
1.
Formed by the given points A(1, 3), B(–1, 0) and ⇒ 3b = 3 ⇒ b = 1
C(4, 0) ∴ By given data, a – b = 1
1
Area of triangle = [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) i.e., a – 1 = 1
2
a = 2
+ x3(y1 – y2)] ½ ∴ (a, b) = (2, 1) 1
1 4. If the points are collinear, then
= [1(0 – 0) + ( –1) (0 – 3) + 4(3 – 0)]
2 Area of triangle = 0 1
1 15 1
= [3 +12] = = 7.5 s, units ½ ∴ [(p + 1) [p – (2p – 6)] + (p – 1)[(2p – 6) – (2p – 2)]
2 2 2
+ (p – 3) (2p – 2 – p)] = 0 1
2. Area of ∆ABC = 0 1
1 [(p + 1)(– p + 6) + (p – 1) (– 4) + (p – 3) (p – 2)] = 0
Area of ∆ABC = 2

2
⇒[– p2 + 6p – p + 6 – 4p + 4 + p2 – 2p – 3p + 6] =0
[x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2) = 0 ½ [– 4p + 16] = 0
1 ⇒ – 4p = – 16
= [x(7 – 5) – 5(5 – y) – 4(y – 7) = 0 1
2 ∴ p = 4 1
⇒ 2x – 25 + 5y – 4y + 28 = 0 ½
1
⇒ 2x + y + 3 = 0 5. Area of triangle = [x1(y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) +
2
3. If three points are collinear, then area of D = 0 x3(y1 – y2)]
1 1
⇒ 2 4 = [1(2k + 5) – 4(– 5 + 1) – k(– 1 – 2k)] 2
∴ Area = [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] 1
2 2
Here, (x1, x2, x3) = (– 2, a, 4) ⇒
48 = 2k + 5 + 16 + k + 2k2
2
and (y1, y2, y3) = (1, b, 1) ⇒
2k + 3k – 27 = 0 1
1 ⇒
(k – 3) (2k – 9) = 0
∴ Area = [– 2b + 2 + 0 + 4(1 – b)]
2 9
⇒ k = 3, k − 1
2
[ (a – b) = 1]
0 = – 3b + 3 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
WORKSHEET-63
Solutions 2. Given points are (8, 1), (3, – 2k) and (k, – 5) are
collinear.
1. The points are collinear, then area of triangle = 0
⇒
Area of triangle formed = 0
1
∴ [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] = 0 1
2 ⇒ [8(– 2k + 5) + 3(– 5, – 1) + k(1 + 2k)] = 0 1
2
1
⇒ [0(2 – y) + 1(y – 0) + x(0 – 2) ] = 0 ⇒
2k2 – 15k + 22 = 0
2
⇒
(k – 2) (2k – 11) = 0
1
⇒ [y – 2x] = 0 11
2 ⇒ k = 2,
2
⇒ 2x – y = 0 1
S OLUT I ONS P-49

3. Area of quadrilateral ABCD= ar (DABC) + ar (ADC) 1
1 5. Area of triangle = [x1(y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) +
2
D (6, 0) C (2, 1)
x3(y1 – y2)] 1
1
⇒ 6 = [(k + 1) (– 3 + k) + 4 (– k – 1) + 7 ( 1 + 3)]
2
1
A (5, –2) B (–3, –1) 1 ⇒

k2 – 6k + 9 = 0 1
1
ar (quad. ABCD) = [(x1y2 – x2y1) + (x2y3 – x3y2) ⇒
(k – 3) (k – 3) = 0 1
2
⇒ k = 3
+(x3y4 – x4y3) + (x4y1 – x1y4)] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
1
ar (quad. ABCD) = [5(– 1) – (– 2) (– 3) + (– 3) (1)
2 6. Here, Area of ∆ABC = 0
– (– 1) (2) + (2 × 0 – 1 × 6) + 6 (– 2) – (0 × 5)] 1
Area of triangle ABC = [(k + 1) + (2k + 3 – 5k) +
1 2
= [– 30] = |– 15| = 15 sq. units 1
2 3k(5k – 2k) + (5k – 1) (2k – 2k – 3)] = 0 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] – 3k2 + 3k – 3k + 3 + 9k2 – 15k + 3 = 0
⇒
6k2 – 15k + 6 = 0
4. Finding mid-points F (5, 3), D (– 1, – 2) and E (1, – 1)
1 or 2k2 – 5k – 2 = 0 1
Finding area using the formula, (k – 2)(2k – 1)
1
Area = [5(– 1) – 1(– 4) + 1 × (5)] 1
2 ⇒
k = 2 or k = ½+½
2
= 2 sq. units 2
qqq
WORKSHEET-64
Solutions 8k + 3
∴
x1 = ,
HOTS & Value Based Questions k +1
1. P(x, y), A(5, 1), B(– 1, 5) 9k - 1
y1 = 1
PA = PB ⇒ PA2 = PB2 ½ k +1
(x – 5)2 + (y – 1)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y – 5)2 Point (x1, y1) lies on line x – y – 2 = 0, so co-ordinates
⇒ x2 – 10x + 25 + y2 – 2y + 1 of P must satisfy the equation of line
= x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 – 10y + 25 ½ 8k + 3 9k - 1
- - 2 = 0 1
⇒ – 10x – 2y + 26 = 2x – 10y + 26 ½ k +1 k +1

⇒ – 10x – 2x = – 10y + 2y
⇒ 8k + 3 – 9k + 1 – 2k – 2 = 0

⇒ – 12x = – 8y
⇒ 3x = 2y. Hence proved. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] x–y–2=0
A k l B
2. Point P(6, – 6) lies on the line 3x + k (y + 1) = 0 (3, –1) P (8, 9)
⇒ 18 + k (– 6 + 1) = 0 1½
18
⇒ k = 1½
5
⇒
k = ½
3
3. Let co-ordinates of P are (x1, y1) and it divides line
AB in the ratio k : 1. So, line x – y – 2 = 0 divides AB in the ratio 2 : 3. ½
4. (i) Using distance formula, we have 25 + 25 =
= 50 = 5 2 units ½
2 2 2 2
AB = ( 6 - 3) + ( 4 - 1) = ( 3) + ( 3)
 AB + BC = 3 2 + 2 2 = 5 2 = AC

= 9+9 = 18 = 3 2 units ½ ∴ A, B and C are collinear.

Thus, Ashima, Bharti and Camella are seated in a
BC = ( 8 - 6 )2 + ( 6 - 4 )2 = ( 2 )2 + ( 2 )2
line. ½
4+4 = (ii) Co-ordinate Geometry. ½

= 8 = 2 2 units ½
(iii) Democratic values lead to equality. ½
AC = ( 8 - 3)2 + ( 6 - 1)2 = ( 5)2 + ( 5)2
qqq
WORKSHEET-65
Solutions ∴ Co-ordinates of green flag are (2, 25) and label it
as P i.e., P(2, 25). 1
Similarly, Preet runs in the eighth line with red flag
(x, y) and distance covered (parallel to AD)
1. 1 1
P Q = × 100 = 20 m
(a, b) R (b, a) 5
Let point R divides the line joining P and Q in the ∴ Co-ordinates of red flag are (8, 20) and label it as
ratio l : 1. ½ Q i.e., Q (8, 20) 1
λb + a λa + b Now, using distance formula, distance between
x= and y = green flag and blue flag
λ+1 λ+1
λb + a + λa + b PQ = ( 8 - 2 )2 + ( 20 - 25)2
Adding, x + y = 1
λ+1 = 6 2 + ( -5)2 = 36 + 25
λ (a + b) + (a + b)
= 1
λ+1 = 61 m ½
=
( λ + 1) × ( a + b ) = a + b (ii) Also, Rashmi has to post a blue flag at the mid-point
λ+1 of PQ, therefore by using mid-point formula, we
⇒ x + y = a + b. Hence proved. ½  2 + 8 25 + 20   45 
have  ,  i.e.,  5,  ½
 2 2  2
2. (i) Considering A as origin (0, 0), AB as X-axis and Hence, the blue flag is in the fifth line, at a distance
AD as Y-axis. 45
of i.e., 22.5 m along the direction parallel to AD.
Niharika runs in the 2nd line with green flag and 2

distance covered (parallel to AD) ½
1 (iii) Co-ordinate Geometry.
= × 100 = 25 m
4 (iv) Team spirit leads to perfection. ½
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-51

CHAPTER
SECTION
B
7 TRIANGLES
WORKSHEET-66
Solutions A P
3
1. As DE || BC
AD AE
\ =
DB EC
CQ R
x x+3 . B D S
⇒ = DABC ~ DPQR
x+1 x+5
∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R 1
⇒ x2 + 5x = x2 + 4x + 3
2
⇒ x = 3 1 ar (∆ABC ) AB ...(i)
=
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ar (∆PQR ) PQ 2

∠A = ∠P
2. ∆ABC ∼ ∆PQR (Given)
AB BC AC 1 1
= = ⇒
∠A = ∠P
PQ QR PR 2 2

z 8 4 3 ⇒ ∠BAD = ∠QPS
⇒ = = DBAD ~ DQPS (AA similarity) 1
3 6 y
BA AD
= ...(ii)
z 8 8 4 3 QP PS
⇒ = and =
3 6 6 y By eq. (i) and (ii),

8 × 3 and 4 3 ×6 ar (∆ABC ) AD 2
⇒ z = y= = 1
6 8 ar (∆PQR )
PS2

\ z = 4 and y = 3 3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

\
y + z = 4 + 3 3 2 qqq
WORKSHEET-67
Solutions 2. AB2 = OA2 + OB2 = (3)2 + (4)2
(Pythagoras th.)
1. In ∆PAO and ∆QBO
AB = 5 cm 1
∠A = ∠B = 90° (Given) 2 2 2 2 2 2
AB + AC = (5) + (12) = (13) = BC
∠POA = ∠QOB
∠CAB = 90° 1
(Vertically Opposite Angle)
(Converse of Pythagoras th.)
∆PAO ∼ ∆QBO,
(by AA) 3. Let ∆ABC be an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm
OA PA and AD is altitude which is also a perpendicular
= bisector of side BC.
OB QB

BC 24
Hence BD = = = 12 cm
6 4 2 2
⇒ =
4.5 QB

AB = 24 cm
4 × 4.5 \ AD = AB2 - BD 2
⇒ QB =
6

= ( 24 )2 - (12 )2
\
QB = 3 cm 1

= 576 - 144 4. (i) The given ∆'s are not similar. 1
(ii) In ∆PQR, ∠R = 180° – (45° + 78°) = 57°

= 432 In ∆LMN, ∠N = 180° – (45° + 57°) = 78°
∴ ∆PQR ∼ ∆MNL (By AA similarly criterion) 2
\
AD = 12 3 cm
∴ The length of the altitude is 12 3 cm. 2
qqq
WORKSHEET-68
Solutions 3. Let the triangle be ABC.
A
A
1.
a a
X Y h 1
D
B C
a/2 a/2
In DABD,
B C
 a
2
2
(a)2 =   + h
AX 3  2
= , AY= 5, YC = 9 (Given)
XB 4
a2
⇒
h2 = a 2 −
AX 3 AY 5 4
= and =
XB 4 YC 9
3a 2
⇒
h2 =
AX AY 4
≠
XB YC
3a
\
h = 1
Hence XY is not parallel to BC. 1 2
2. AD2 = BD × CD
4. In DADE and D ABC,
AD = BD ∠A = ∠A (Common)
⇒ ½
CD AD ∠ADE = ∠ABC (Given)
\ ∆ADE ∼ ∆ABC (AA similarity)
∴
DADC ∼ ∆BDA (by SAS; Q∠D = 90°)
AD DE
⇒
∠BAD = ∠ACD; ⇒ =
AB BC

∠DAC = ∠DBA AD DE
⇒ =
(Corresponding angles of similar triangles) ½ AE + BE BC

∠BAD+ ∠ACD + ∠DAC + ∠DBA = 180° 7.6 DE
⇒ =
⇒
2∠BAD + 2∠DAC = 180° ½ 7.2 + 4.2 8.4
⇒
∠BAD + ∠DAC = 90° 7.6 × 8.4
⇒ DE =
∴
∠A = 90° ½ 11.4
= 5.6 cm. 4
qqq
WORKSHEET-69
Solutions 3
⇒ 5x = 3 ⇒ x =
½
5
CD CE x+3 x [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
1. = ⇒ = ½
AD BE 2x 2x − 1
S OLUT I ONS P-53

Alternative Method : Proof : Given, In triangle ADE and ABC,
In ABC, DE||AB (Given) ∠A is common and DE || BC
CD CE ⇒ ∠ADE = ∠ABC
=
CA CB (Corresponding angles) 1
(By Thales Theorem) ∴ ∆ADE ∼ ∆ABC,(AA similarity)
CD CE
⇒
CD + AD
=
CE + BE
ar ( ∆ADE) AD 2 (1.5 ) = 1 2
= =
∴
ar ( ∆ABC ) AB 2
( 4.5 )2 9

x+3 x
⇒ = ½ ar( ∆ADE) 1
x + 3 + 2x x + 2x - 1 ⇒ = 1
ar( ∆ABC ) - ar( ∆ADE) 9 -1

x+3 x
⇒ = ar( ∆ADE) 1
3x + 3 3x - 1 =
ar( trapezium BCED) 8
⇒ (x + 3)(3x – 1) = x(3x + 3)

4. F
⇒ 3x2 – x + 9x – 3 = 3x2 + 3x

⇒ 8x – 3 = 3x

⇒ 8x – 3x = 3
D C
⇒ 5x = 3

3 E
∴ x = ½
5
2. ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF (Given)

A B
ar ( ∆ABC ) AB2 ∆BCE
∼ ∆ACF (equilateral ∆'s are equiangular)
= 1
ar ( ∆DEF ) DE 2 hence they are similar by AAA similar criterion

DABC is a right triangle.
100 AB2 \ By Pythagoras theorem,
⇒ = 2
196 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
(7 )
⇒ AC2 = 2BC2
100 AB2
⇒ = (\ AB = BC in a square) 1
196 49
⇒
AC = 2 BC
49 × 100
2
⇒ AB =
( )
2
196 ar ∆ACB AC 2 2BC

Now = = =2
ar ∆DCE 2
BC 2
⇒ AB2 =
4900 BC
196 ∴
ar (∆ACF) = 2 ar (∆BEC)
⇒ 2
AB = 25 ⇒ ar (∆BEC) = 1 ar (∆ACF) 2
2
∴ AB = 5 cm 1
3. Given : AD = 1.5 cm, ∴ BD = 3 cm and AB = AD +
BD = 1.5 + 3.0 = 4.5 cm.
qqq
WORKSHEET-70
Solutions = 100 = 10 cm
1. No, Angle included should be same. 1 ∠PKR = 90° (Given)

2. According to the question, (Given) ∴ PK = 10 2 - 8 2 = 100 - 64
∠QPR = 90°
∴
QR2 = QP2 + PR2 1 = 36 = 6 cm. 1
∴
PR = 26 2 - 24 2
3. ∆AOB ∼ ∆COD AF AO
= ...(i)
(AA similarity) FB OX
ar ( ∆COD ) 2
= CD 1 In DAXC,
ar ( ∆AOB ) AB2 AE AO
= ...(ii)
CD 2 CD 2 1 EC OX
= = = 1

( 3CD ) 2
9CD 2
9 (i) and (ii) give,
ratio = 1 : 9 AF AE
=
D FB EC
C
So by converse of B.P.T.,
O 1 EF || BC
OX AB
(i) give =
OA AF
A
B Adding 1 on both sides
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] AX AB
=
4.
BC and OX bisect each other OA AF
So BXCO is a parallelogram, BE || XC and BX || CF or OA : AX = AF : AB 4
In DABX, by B.P.T., qqq
WORKSHEET-71
Solutions b c
⇒ =
p a
1. Let the triangles be ∆ABC and ∆DEF ½
ar( ∆ ABC ) 2 1 c
5 25 ⇒ =
=   = p

ar( ∆ DEF )
 6  36 ab
Squaring on both sides,
25 : 36 ½ 1 c2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] =
p2 a2b 2
AO = 20 cm, BO = 12 cm, PB = 18 cm 1 a2 + b2
⇒ =
In ∆AQO and ∆BPO, p2 a2b 2
∠AOQ = ∠BOP
(Vertically opposite angles) 1 1 1
\ = + Hence Proved.
∠A = ∠B = 90° p2 b2 a2

∴ ∆AQO ∼ ∆BPO (AA criterion) 1
4. Given
AQ QO AO
⇒ = = ∴ AB + AD = BC + CD
BP PO BO ⇒ AD = BC + CD – AB
AQ 20 ⇒ AD = h + d – x 1
⇒ =
18 12 In rt ∆ACD,
∴
AQ = 30 cm. 1 AD2 = AC2 + DC2
A ⇒ (h + d – x)2 = (x + h)2 + d2

3. ⇒ (h + d – x)2 – (x + h)2 = d2 1
⇒ (h + d – x – x – h) (h + d – x + x + h) = d2
c [\ (a2 – b2) = (a – b) (a + b)]
b D ⇒ (d – 2x) (2h + d) = d2\
⇒ 2hd + d2 – 4hx – 2xd = d2
p
⇒ 2hd = 4hx + 2xd
C a B = 2 (2h + d) x
In DACB and DCDB hd
⇒ x = 2
∠ACB = ∠CDB = 90° 2h + d
∠B = ∠B (common) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
\ DACB ~ DCDB (by AA Similarity)
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-55

WORKSHEET-72
Solutions PG PH
∴ = (By BPT)
GQ
1. In the triangles AOB and DOC, HR
PH
AO BO 1 ⇒ 1 =
Since = = and AB = 3 cm HR
OC OD 2
\ PH = HR. 1
AO BO Hence, H is the mid-point of PR.
 = (Given)
OC OD 3. A
\
∠AOB = ∠DOC
(Vertically opposite angles)
∴
∆AOB ~ ∆DOC D E
(SAS similarity)
AO BO AB 1
∴
= = =
OC OD DC 2 B C
\ DE || BC
(∴ In similar triangles corresponding
AD AE
sides are proportional) = (By BPT )
DB EC
∴
DC = 2AB
x+2 x
⇒ DC = 2 × 3 = 6 cm 1 ⇒ = 1
3 x + 16 3 x +5
2. Since G is the mid-point of PQ,
⇒ (x + 2)(3x + 5) = x(3x + 16)

∴ PG = GQ ⇒ 3x2 + 5x + 6x + 10 = 3x2 + 16x

PG ⇒ 11x + 10 = 16x
1
⇒ = 1 1
GQ ⇒ 16x – 11x = 10

⇒ 5x = 10

According to the question,
GH || QR ∴
x = 2 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-73
Solutions AE BF
= · 1
ED FC
1. Draw AC intersecting EF at G.
A B 2. In ∆CAB, ∠A = ∠B (Given)
∴
AC = CB
E
G (By isosceles triangle property) 1
F
But, AD = BE (Given) ...(i)
⇒ AC – AD = CB – BE
D C \
CD = CE ...(ii)
In ∆CAB, GF || AB Dividing equation (ii) by (i),
AG BF CD CE
⇒
= (By BPT)...(i) 1 =
CG FC AD
BE
In ∆ADC, EG || DC By converse of BPT,
AE AG DE || AB. 1
⇒ = (By BPT)...(ii) 3. Given : ABC is right angled at B and D is the mid-
ED CG
point of BC. ½
From equations (i) and (ii), 1
∴ BD = DC = BC ½
2
A 2
 BC 
From eqn. (i), AD2 = AB2 +  
 2 
(D is the mid-point of BC) ½
⇒ 4AD2 = 4AB2 + BC2

⇒
BC2 = 4AD2 – 4AB2 ...(iii) ½
B
Using this in equation (ii),
D C
AC2 = AB2 + 4AD2 – 4AB2
In ∆ABD, AD2 = AB2 + BD2
⇒
AC2 = 4AD2 – 3AB2
(Pythagoras theorem) ...(i) ½
Hence proved. 1
In ∆ABC, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
(Pythagoras theorem) ...(ii) ½
qqq
WORKSHEET-74
Solutions 3. From given figures,
PQ 4.2 1
1. Given DE|| BC, then = = ;
ZY 8.4 2
AD DE
= (By Thales Theorem) PR 3 3 1

AB BC = = ;
ZX 6 3 2
3 x QR 7 1
⇒ = = =
AD + DB 14 YX 14 2

3 x PQ PR QR
⇒ = ⇒ = = 1
3+4 14 ZY ZX YX
3 x ⇒ ∆PQR ∼ ∆ZYX (By SSS)

⇒ = ∴ ∠X = ∠R
7 14
∴ ∠X = 180° – (60° + 70°) = 50° 1
⇒ 7x = 14 × 3 4. N
14 × 3
1,000
\ x = = 6 cm 1
7
2. W E
O 1,300
6 km
D C
3 km
S
Distance covered by first aeroplane due North after
A B two hours = 500 × 2 = 1,000 km. 1
4 km E 1
Distance covered by second aeroplane due East
2 2 after two hours = 650 × 2 = 1,300 km. 1
Given, AE = AB = × 6 = 4 km
3 3 Distance between two aeroplane after 2 hours
In right triangle ADE, NE = ON 2 + OE 2

DE2 = (3)2 + (4)2
⇒
DE2 = 25
= (1000 )2 + (1300 )2
\
DE = 5 km. 1 = 1000000 + 1690000
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] = 2690000
= 1640.12 km 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-57

WORKSHEET-75
Solutions ∴ In right ∆PQR, QR2 = PR2 – PQ2

= 122 – 62
1.  PQ || MN
= 144 – 36 = 108
KP KQ
So, = (By BPT) ∴ QR = 6 3 cm 1
PM QN
3. Here, ∆APQ ∼ ∆ABC
KP KQ ar( ∆APQ ) AP 2
⇒ = ∴ =
PM KN - KQ ar( ∆ABC ) AB2

⇒
4
=
KQ 1 AP 2
⇒ =
13 20.4 - KQ 2 AB2

⇒ 4 × 20.4 – 4 KQ = 13 KQ 1 AB - BP
⇒ = (AB = AP + BP)
⇒ 17 KQ = 4 × 20.4 2 AB
20.4 ×4 AB - BP 1
\ KQ = = 4.8 cm. 1 ⇒ = 1
17 AB 2
BP 1
2. Since, XY || QR ⇒ 1– =
AB 2
PX PY
∴ = (By BPT) A
XQ YR

1 PY
⇒ =
2 PR - PY P Q
4
=
PR - 4 1
⇒ PR – 4 = 8 B C
⇒ PR = 12 cm BP 1 2 -1
P ⇒ =1– =
AB 2 2
4 cm ∴ BP : AB = ( 2 – 1) : 2
2
X Y
qqq
Q R
WORKSHEET-76
Solutions 2. In ∆ABD, from Pythagoras theorem,
A
1. Let CD ⊥ AB,
then CD = p
1
Area of ∆ABC = × base × height 1
2
1 1
⇒ Area of ∆ABC = × AB × CD = cp B C
2 2 D
1 1 ⇒ AB2 = AD2 + BD2 1
Also, Area of ∆ABC = × BC × AC = ab ⇒ BC2 = AD2 + BD2,
2 2
(as AB = BC = CA)
1 1
cp = ab ⇒ (2BD)2 = AD2 + BD2,
2 2 (⊥ is the median in an equilateral ∆)
⇒
cp = ab. Proved 1 ∴ 3BD2 = AD2. 1
3. Proof : LN || CD, From eqns. (i) and (ii),
AL AN AE AD
⇒ = ( By BPT) 1 =
AC AD EC BD
and LM || CB, ⇒ DE || BC, (converse of B.P.T.)
AL AM ⇒ ∠1 = ∠3 and ∠2 = ∠4
⇒
= (By BPT) 1
AC AB (Corresponding angles) 1
AM AN Thus in ∆ADE and ∆ABC,
∴ = 1 ∠A = ∠A
AB AD
∠1 = ∠3
4.  ∆FEC ≅ ∆GBD
∠2 = ∠4
⇒ EC = BD ...(i) 1
So by AAA criterion of similarity,
It is given that ∠1 = ∠2
∆ADE ∼ ∆ABC. Hence proved 1
⇒ AE = AD
(Isosceles triangle property)...(ii) 1 qqq
WORKSHEET-77
Solutions
and AC = 6 cm
A
5 cm
1. By Pythagoras theorem,
BC = 10 cm
A (DABC) = A (DAOB) + A (DAOC) + A (DBOC) ½
D B
1 1 1 1 O
⇒ × AB × AC = ( AB × r ) + ( AC × r ) + ( BC × r )
2 2 2 2
½
1 1 1 1
⇒ × 8 × 6 = ( 8r ) + ( 6r ) + (10r )
C
2 2 2 2 ½
⇒ 24 = 12r AO = OC
⇒ r = 2 cm. ½ ⇒ AO = 3 cm.
2. DAOB is right angled triangle as diagonals of
A rhombus intersect at right angles. 1
\ By Pythagoras theorem, OB = 4 cm.
Since DO = OB, BD = 8 cm.
Length of the other diagonal = 2(BO)
P
where BO = 4 cm
∴ BD = 8 cm. 1
4. Distance from village A to B = 7 km
Distance from village B to C = 5 km
C B
Q and distance from village C to A = 8 km
Since P divides AC in the ratio 2 : 1 A
2
CP = AC
3
QC = 2 BC ½
3
AQ2 = QC2 + AC2 O
4
⇒ AQ2 = BC2 + AC2
9
B C
⇒ 9AQ2 = 4BC2 + 9AC2 ...(i) ½
Similarly, we get 9BP2 = 9BC2 + 4AC2 ...(ii) (i) Triangle 2
Adding eqns. (i) and (ii), (ii) Location of the well be will at the incentre of the
9(AQ2 + BP2) = 13AB2 1 triangle. 1
3. Given : AB = BC = CD =AD = 5 cm (iii) Social, Honesty, Equality. 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-59

WORKSHEET-78
HOTS & Value Based Questions Let CL = x and LA = y,
1. Draw AL ⊥ BC. then x + y = p
⇒ AL is median of BC
(Isosceles triangle) In ∆ABC and ∆LOC,
⇒
BL = LC = 6 cm. ∠CAB = ∠CLO (each 90°)
In right DALB, by Pythagoras theorem, AL = 8 cm.
∠C = ∠C (Common)
In DBPQ and DBLA,
∴ ∆CAB ~ ∆CLO (AA similarity)

∠B = ∠C (Isosceles triangle) CA AB
⇒ =
CL LO

∠BPQ = ∠BLA = 90°
\
DBPQ ~ DBLA (AA similarity) p a
⇒
=
x h
BP BL
⇒ = 1 ph
PQ AL ⇒
x = ...(i) ½
a
6-x 6 3y
⇒ – . In ∆ALO and ∆ACD,
y = 8 ⇒x=6 4
∠ALO = ∠ACD (each 90° )
Hence proved. 1 ∠A = ∠A (Common)
A \ ∠ALO ~ ∠ACD (AA similarity)
2.
AL OL
⇒ =
AC DC
y h
B ⇒
=
C p
D 1 b
In DADC, By Pythagoras theorem, ph
⇒
y = ...(ii) ½
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 d
= AD2 + (BC + BD)2 Adding eqns. (i) and (ii),
= AD2 + BC2 + 2BC × BD + BD2 ph ph
= AB2 + BC2 + 2BC × BD 1 x + y = +
a b
3. (i) Let AB and CD be the two trees of height a and b
1 1
metre such that the trees are p metre apart i.e., AC = ⇒
p = ph  + 
p. Let the lines AD and BC meet at O such that OL = a b
h m. 1 1 1
D ⇒
= +
h a b
ab
B ∴
h = m. ½
O a+b
b
a (ii) Triangle. 1
h (iii)
Trees are helpful to keep our life in this world. They
C A should be saved at any cost. 1
x L y ½
qqq
CHAPTER
SECTION
B
8 CIRCLES
WORKSHEET-79
Solutions ⇒ 100 = BP2 + 16
BP2 = 100 – 16 = 84
1. ∠OAC = 90° (as radius ⊥r tangent)
or BP = 84
∠BOC = ∠OAC + ∠ACO
(Exterior angle property) = 2 21 cm. 1
⇒ 130° = 90° + ∠ACO 4. Given that ∠SPT = 120°
⇒ ∠ACO = 130° – 90°
120°
= 40° 1 ⇒
∠OPS = = 60°
2
2. ∠APB = 80° ½
(as OP bisects ∠SPT) ½
\ ∠AOB = 100° ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] Also, ∠ PTO = 90°
Alternative Method : (as radius ⊥ tangent) ½
∠PAB = 50° ∴ In right triangle POS.

\ ∠PBA = 50° (as PA = PB) PS
⇒ 50 + 50 + ∠P = 180° (angle sum property) cos ∠OPS =
OP
⇒ ∠P = 80°
A 1 PS
⇒
=
50° 2 OP
C ⇒
OP = 2PS. 1
O P
Hence proved.
5. Let PL = y, OP is ⊥ bisector of AB
B ⇒ AL = BL = 8 cm
Also, ∠O + ∠P = 180° OL2 = OA2 – AL2 = 102 – 82 = 36
⇒ ∠O = 180° – 80° = 100° 1 ⇒
OL = 6 cm 1
3.
Given, AP = 8 and OA = 6 cm In DOAP, 2 2 2
AP = (y + 6) – (10) ...(i)
∠OAP = 90° (as radius ⊥ tangent)
In DALP, AP2 = y2 + 64 ...(ii) 2
⇒ OP2 = AP2 + OA2
32
= 82 + 62 From (i) and (ii) y = ½
3
= 64 + 36
OP2 = 100 40
\
AP = cm. ½
⇒ OP = 10 cm 1 3
Now in triangle OPB, [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
OP = 10 cm, OB = 4 cm
⇒ OP2 = BP2 + OB2 qqq
WORKSHEET-80
Solutions A
1. On the diameter of a circle only two tangents can

be drawn. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1 P 50° O
S OLUT I ONS P-61

2. Here, ∠APB = 50° 4.
A
180° - 50°
∠PAB = ∠PBA = = 65°
2
∠OAB = 90° – ∠PAB
O P
= 90° – 65° = 25°
3. P
T B ½
Let P be any external point from which two tangents
PA and PB are drawn to a circle with centre O.
O To Prove : PA = PB ½
Proof : ∠OAP = ∠OBP = 90. 1
A B (radius is ⊥ to tangent)
D ½ In ∆APO and ∆BPO,
Join PO and produce it to D. ½ ∠OAP = ∠OBP (each 90°)
OP ⊥ TP and TP || AB. OA = OB (radius)
∠ADP = 90° OP = OP common
OD ⊥ AB ∴ ∆APO ≅ ∆BPO (by RHS) 1
⇒ AD = BD ½ ⇒ PA = PB (CPCT) 1
DADP ≅ DBDP, [SAS] ½
∴ PA = PB, (CPCT) qqq
WORKSHEET-81
Solutions A
5.
1. ∠QPR = ∠50° (Given)
∴ ∠QOR = 180° – 50° = 130° ½ P
From DOQR b
c
180° - 130° O
⇒
∠OQR = ∠ORQ = N
2
50°
= = 25° ½
2 M a B
C 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] Let circle touch CB at M and CA at N, AB at P
2. ∠QOR + ∠QPR = 180° Now OM ^ CB and ON ^ AC (radius ^ tangant)
(Supplementary angles) OMCN is square
⇒ ∠QOR + 46° = 180°
Let OM = r = CM = CN 1
⇒ ∠QOR = 180° – 46° = 134°. 1
3. Let AD = AF = x AN = AP, CN = CM, BM = BP
⇒ DB = BE = 12 – x (tangant from external point)
and CF = CE = 10 – x AN = AP
BC = BE + EC or AC – CN = AB – BP 1
⇒ 8 = 12 – x + 10 – x b – r = c – BM
⇒ x = 7 1
b – r = c – (a – r)
\ AD = 7 cm, BE = 5 cm, CF = 3 cm 1
b – r = c – a + r
4. PA = PB ½
∴ 2r = a + b – c
⇒ ∠PAB = ∠PBA = 60° ½ a+b-c
\ DPAB is an equilateral triangle. ½ r = . 1
2
Hence AB = PA = 5 cm. ½
qqq
WORKSHEET-82
Solutions
1.

2. It changes into a rhombus. 1 ∠OBA = 30° 1

3. PQ = 6 cm, OP = OQ = 6 cm
∴ PQ = OP = OQ \
∠AOB = 180° – (30° + 30°)
∴ ∠POQ = 60° \
∠AOB = 120° 1
(angle of equilateral ∆.) ½ ∠ABP = ∠OBP – ∠OBA
∠P = ∠Q = 90°
(radius ^ tangent) = 90° – 30° = 60° 1
∴ ∠T + 90° + 90° + 60° = 360° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
(angle sum poperty) ½
∠T = 120° 1 5. PT = 169 - 25 = 12 cm
and TE = 8 cm ½+½
P Let PA = AE = x
TA2 = TE2 + EA2 1
O ⇒ (12 – x)2 = 64 + x2
T ⇒ x = 3.3 cm. 1
Thus AB = 6.6 cm. 1
Q [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
4. Since the tangent is perpendicular to the radius,

qqq
∠OAB =∠OBA (Q OA = OB)
WORKSHEET-83
Solutions AB = AC, (Given)
⇒ AX + XB = AY + YC ½
1. QP = 3.8 ⇒ XB = YC
QP = PT ⇒ BZ = CZ ½
(Length of tangents from ∴ Z is the mid-point of BC and Z is the point of
external points are equal) contact.
⇒ PT = 3.8 cm ⇒ BC is bisected at the point of contact. ½
PR = PT = 3.8 cm [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
⇒ QR = 7.6 cm. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ∠AOQ = 58°
3. (Given)
1
2. AX = AY → (1) ∠ABQ = ∠AOQ
2
BX = BZ → (2)
CZ = CY → (3) (Angle on the circumference
(Tangents from an external of the circle by the same arc)
point to a circle are equal)½
S OLUT I ONS P-63

1 Let AB be a diameter of a given circle and let CD
× 58° = and EF be the tangent lines drawn to the circle at A
2
and B respectively.
= 29° 1
∠BAT = 90° (Q OA ^ AT) AB ⊥ CD and AB ⊥ EF
1
∴ ∠ATQ = 90° – 29° ∴
∠CAB = 90° and ∠ABF = 90° ½
= 61° 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] ∠CAB = ∠ABF ½
∠CAB and ∠ABF are alternate interior angles.
1
4. C A D
∴
CD  EF
O
qqq
E B F
WORKSHEET-84
Solutions
1. From DAOP P
∠APO + ∠OAP + ∠AOP = 180°

⇒ ∠APO + 90° + 60° = 180° O R
⇒ ∠APO = 180° – 150° = 30°. 1
2. Let AF = AE = x
Q PR = QR
\ AB = 6 + x, AC = 9 + x, BC = 15 ½
A \ OR = PR + QR 1
X X
E
F
O
9
6
3 cm A
4.
B C
6 D 9 F
D
1
[15 + 6 + x + 9 + x].3

2
= 54 1
⇒ x = 3 B E C ½
\ AB = 9 cm, AC = 12 cm ½
AF = AD
and BC = 15 cm. BE = BD,
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] (tangents from external points) 1½
CE = CF
3. ∠POR = 90° – 60° = 30° 1 AB = AC
PR 1 AD + BD = AF + FC
= sin 30° = ⇒ BD = FC (Q AD = AF)
OR 2
BE = EC (Q BD = BE, CE = CF)
⇒ OR = 2 PR
∴ E bisects BC. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-85
Solutions 4. ∠TOQ = 180° – 70° = 110° 1
1. Q ∠RPQ = 50° T
∴ ∠OPQ = 90° – 50° = 40°
Since, OP = OQ (radii of circle)
Q ∠OPQ = ∠OQR = 40°
∠POQ = 180° – (40° + 40°) R O 70° P
= 100°. 1
2. CAPB will be a square
Q
CA = AP = PB = BC = 4 cm
∴ Length of tangent = 4 cm. 1
1 1
3. PA = PB, KA = KM, NB = NM, ⇒ ∠TRQ = ∠TOQ = × 110° = 55°. 1
(Length of tangents from an external point are 2 2
equal) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
∴ KA + NB = KM + NM 1
or AK + BN = KM + MN = KN. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-86
Solutions Q PM = PN (length of tangents are equal)
∠1 = ∠2 (angles opp. to equal sides are equal) 1
1. Length of the tangent = d2 - r2 Q 180° – ∠1 = 180° – ∠2 (linear pair)
∠3 = ∠4 1
= ( 8 )2 - ( 6 )2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

64 - 36 5. AC = 8 cm
=
AB = 10 cm
= 28 = 2 7 cm. 1
and BC = 12 cm ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] Let CF = x
2. Angle at the point of intersection of tangents ∴ CF = EC = x
= 180° – 130° = 50°. 1 AF = 8 – x = AD
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] BE = 12 – x = BD ½
⇒ 8 – x + 12 – x = 10
3. ∠OAP = 90° and ∠OBP = 90°
(since tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the 20 – 2x = 10
radius through the point of contact) 1 C
∴ ∠OAP + ∠OBP = 180° ½
since one pair of opposite angles of quadrilateral F E
AOBP are supplementary.
∴ AOBP is a cyclic quadrilateral. ½
4. M A D B
1
3 – 2x = – 10 ⇒ x = 5 1
O ∴ AD = 3 cm
2 BE = 7 cm
4 and CF = 5 cm. 1
N [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-65

WORKSHEET-87
Solutions
1
3. ∠OPA =
× 70° = 35° ½
2
1. Angle between the radii = 180° – 30° = 150°
∠OAP = 90°
(Since the sum of opposite angles = 180°). 1 ∴ ∠AOP = 180° – (90° + 35°) = 55° ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ∴ ∠OAB = 35°
∠PAB = 90° – 35°
OA = 55°.
2.
tan 30° =
AP A
1 3
⇒ =
3 AP O P
⇒
AP = 3 × 3 = 3 cm. 1
B 1
4.

= 42.25 - 6.25 = 6 cm 1
5.
∴ AB = 12 cm.
O
6. A
A C B r
1 P x y O
Here OA = 6.5 cm and OC = 2.5 cm ½
r
∴
AC = OA 2 - OC 2 ½ 1
B

= ( 6.5 ) 2
- ( 2.5) 2
∠A + ∠B + x + y = 360° x + y = 180° 1
90° + 90 + x + y = 360° 1 ⇒ Opp. angle are supplementary 1
180 + x + y = 360° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
qqq
WORKSHEET-88
Solutions Let RT be x
PT2 = PR2 + RT2 = 16 + x2 ...(i) ½
HOTS & Value Based Answers Also PT2 = OT2 – OP2 = (3 + x)2 – 25
1. Here, ∠QPT = 60° = x2 + 6x – 16 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
∠OPQ = ∠OQP = 90° – 60° = 30°
⇒ 16 + x2 = x2 + 6x – 16 1
∠POQ = 180° – (30° + 30°)
16
= 180° – 60° = 120° ⇒ x =
3
1
∠PRQ = 1 Reflex ∠POQ 256 20
2 TP = TQ = 16 + = cm ½
9 3
[∠POQ = 360° –120° = 240°]
1
= × 240°= 120°
2 P
4.
2. Q DS = 5 cm
O
∴
DR = DS = 5 cm 1
5 20
(length of tangents are equal)
A M 12 B
AR = 23 – 5 = 18 cm
24
AQ = 18 cm
QB = 29 – 18 = 11 cm = PB
or r = OP = PB = 11 cm. 1

Join OB.
3. OR = OP 2 - PR 2 = 25 - 16 = 3 cm In rt. DOMB,
OB2 = 52 + 122 = 132
P ∴ OB = 13 1
Since OB ^ PB (radius ^ tangent)
m
∴ In rt. DOBP,
5c
4 cm
O T OP2 = OB2 + BP2

R
= 132 + 202
= 569
Q ⇒ OP = 569 = 23.85 cm. 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-67

WORKSHEET-89
Solutions From (i), 2AB = 2AD or AB = AD
A P B
HOTS & Value Based Answers
1.
S Q
A
D R C 1
B D E ⇒ ABCD is a rhombus.


Join OD and AE 1
3. Area of DABC = × 8 × 6 = 24 cm2 1
∠ODB = 90° (radius is 2

perpendicular to tangent
at point of contact) AC = 8 2 + 6 2 = 10 cm ½
∠AEB = 90° (anlges in a semicircle) A
OD  AE
(corresponding angles) ½
AE = 2 × OD
= 2 × 8 = 16 cm
In right ∆ODB, BD2 = 132 – 82 ½
= 169 – 64 = 105 8 cm
BD = 105 cm ½
r
DE = 105 cm ½
O
In right ∆AED, AD2 = AE2 + DE2
2

= 162 + ( 105 )
B 6 cm C
= 256 + 105 = 361 ½
AD = 19 cm. ½ ar (DABC) = ar (DOBC) + ar (DOCA) +
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2016] ar (DOAB) = 12r 1
∴ 12r = 24

2. Let ABCD be the || gm.
∴ AB = CD, AD = BC ...(i) ½ ⇒
r = 2 cm. ½
AP + PB + DR + CR = AS + BQ + DS + CQ 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
⇒ AB + CD = AD + BC ½
qqq
CHAPTER
SECTION
B
9 CONSTRUCTIONS
TOPIC-1
Division of a Line Segment in a Given Ratio.
WORKSHEET-90
Solutions A P B
A1
1. P divides AB internally in the ratio 4 : 4 or 1 : 1. 1 A2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] A3
A4
2. Minimum number of points marked will be = A5
2 + 5 = 7 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1 A6
A7
3. A8
A9
A B
A10 X
P 1
A1 4. Join BA10.
A2 5. Through the point A3 draw a line parallel to BA10.
A3 Then AP : PB = 3 : 7. 1
A4 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
A5
5. Given : AB is a line segment of length 7 cm. ½
A6
A7 To construct : To divide a line segment of 7 cm

A8
length externally in the ratio 3 : 5. ½
X
X 1
Steps of construction : B5
1. Draw a line segment AB = 7 cm. B4
2. Draw any ray AX making an acute angle with AB. B3
3. Draw the point A1, A2, A3,....., A8 on AX such that B2
AA1 = A1A2 = A2A3 = ...., A7 A8. B1
4. Join BA8.
P A B
5. Through the point A3, draw a line parallel to BA8.
Steps of construction : 1
Then AP : PB = 3 : 5 1
1. Draw a line segment AB = 7 cm.
2. Draw ray BX making an acute ∠ABX.
4. Steps of Construction : 3. Along BX, mark off B1, B2, B3, B4 & B5. Join B2 to A.
1. Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm. 4. Through B5 draw B5P || B2A intersecting BA at P.
2. Draw any ray AX making an acute angle with AB. 5. The point P so obtained is the required point which
divides AB externally in 3 : 5. 1
3. Draw the point A1, A2, A3, .... A10 on AX such that
AA1 = A1A2 = .... = A9 A10. qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-69

TOPIC-2
Tangents to a Circle from a Point Outside it
WORKSHEET-91
Solutions ∴ PQ and PR are required tangents. 1
PQ = PR = 5 cm
1. Given : A circle with centre O and a point P outside
it.
Construction : We have to construct the two Q
tangents from P to the circle.
O'
O P
S 8 cm
M
P O 1
R
R
2
Steps of construction : 3. Steps of construction :
1. Draw a line segment PO = 10 cm. 1. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm taking O as centre.
2. From the point O draw a circle of radius = 6 cm. 2. Draw two radii OA and OB inclined to each other at
3. Draw a perpendicular bisector of PO. Let M be the an angle of 120°.
mid-point of PO. A
4. Taking M as centre and OM as radius draw a circle.
5. Let this circle intersects the given circle at the
points Q and R.
6. Join PQ and PR. O 120° 60° P
Then PQ and PR are the required two tangents. 1
2. Steps of construction :
B 2
1. Draw a circle of radius OO’ = 4 cm with centre O.
Draw AP ⊥ OA at A and BP ⊥ OB at B. They meet at
3.
2. Extend OO’ upto P (i.e.), OP = 8 cm. P.
3. Draw a ⊥ bisector of OP, OP intersect at S by QR. 4.
PA and PB are the required tangents inclined to
4. Draw a circle of radius OS which meets the first each other at 60°. 2
circle at Q and R.
5. Draw tangments PQ and PR
qqq
WORKSHEET-92
Solutions 3. Produce AP to C such that PC = PA. Bisect CB at Q.
4. With CB as diameter and centre as Q, draw a semi-
1. Steps of construction : circle.
1. Draw a circle of radius 1·5 cm. Take a point P 5. Draw PD ⊥ CB, cutting the semi-circle at the point
outside it. D.
2. Through P draw a secant PAB to meet the circle at 6. With P as centre and PD as radius an arc to cut the
A and B. circle at T and T’. 1
PT and PT’ are the required tangents.
4. Draw perpendicular bisector of OP which intersect
D
OP at O’.
Draw a circle with centre O’ which intersect inner
5.
T circle at points A and B.
Join AP and BP.
6.
Q ∴ AP and BP are required tangents. 1
B
C P A
3. P
60°
T B
1
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2011, 12]
120
2. Steps of construction : A
O 4 cm
1. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm with centre O.
2. Draw another circle of radius 6 cm with same centre O.
3. Take a point P on second circle and join OP. 1½
Steps of construction :
1. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm with O as centre.
A 2. Take a point A on the circumference of the circle
and join OA. Draw perpendicular to OA at point A.
3. Draw
a radius OB, making an angle of 120° with
OA.
O P 4. Draw the perpendicular to OB at point B. Let both
O' the perpendiculars intersect at point P.
5. Join OP.
PA and PB are required tangents, which make an
B
angle of 60° to each other. 2½
2
qqq
TOPIC-3
Construction of a Triangle Similar to a Given Triangle
WORKSHEET-93
Solutions Through C’ draw a line parallel to AC intersecting
5.
extended line segment AB at A’.
1. When AB + BC < AC triangle cannot be drawn. 1 DA’BC’ is the required triangle.
6. 1
2. The triangle are said to be congruent. 1 A
3
3. Scale factor = A'
4
5·5

cm

cm
6·5
4. Following steps will be followed for constructing

the similar triangle to the given triangle.
1. Draw a triangle ABC of which given sides are AB = B C
7·5 cm
6·5 cm, BC = 7·5 cm and CA = 5·5 cm. B1
C'
2. Draw a ray BX making an acute angle. B2

B3
3. Locate 7 points B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7 on line B4
B5
segment BX. B6
4. Join B7C. Draw a parallel line through B5 to B7C B7 X 2
intersecting extended line segment BC at C’.
S OLUT I ONS P-71

5. Steps of construction : M
1. Draw a line segment BC = 8 cm. A
2. Construct AM⊥ BC. A
3. Taking C as centre and radius as 10 cm, draw an
arc that cuts the ray BM at A’. 10 cm
4. Join CA’ to obtain ∆ ABC.

5. Below BC, make an acute angle CBX. B C
8 cm C
6. Along BX mark off 5 points B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 such
B1
that BB1 = B1B2 = B2 B3 = ......... = B4 B5.
B2
7. Join B5C. B3
8. From B4, Draw B4C’  B5C. B4
B5
9. From aC’ draw C’A’  CA meeting BA at point A’. 2
Then A’ BC’ is the required triangle. 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
WORKSHEET-94
Solutions P
1. Two triangle are said to be similar when their P'
corresponding sides are proportional and angles

are equal.
5c
m

5c
m
1
2. Triangle PQR is smaller than triangle ABC. 1
(Reduced scale factor figures are smaller in size) 5 cm
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011] Q R
R'
Q1
3. The sum of two sides of a triangle must be greater Q2
than third side. ½ Q3
Let the sides are 2.5 cm, 4.5 cm and 6.5 cm ½ Q4
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011] Q5

Q6
Q7
4. Steps of construction : X
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2011] 1
1. Draw a line segment QR = 5 cm.
5. Steps of construction :
2. With Q as centre and radius = PQ = 5 cm, draw an
arc. 1. Draw a line BC = 7·5 cm.
3. With R as centre and radius = PR = 5 cm, draw A
another arc meeting the arc drawn in step 2 at the
point P.
3·5 cm
A'
4. Joint PQ and PR to obtain DPQR.
5. Below QR, construct an acute ∠RQX.
6. Along QX, mark off seven points Q1, Q2, …… Q7
such that QQ1 = Q1Q2 = Q2Q3 = …… = Q6Q7. B C'
O C
7. Join Q7R. B1 7·5 cm
8. Draw Q6R’ || Q7R. B2
B3
9. From R’ draw R’P’ || RP. B4
B5
Thus, P’QR’ is the required triangle. B6
B7 2
2. Draw a perpendicular bisector of BC which cut the 7. Locate 7 points B1, B2, .........., B7 on line segment
line BC at O. BX.
3. Cut the line OA = 3·5 cm. 8. Join B7C. Draw a parallel line through B4 to B7C
4. Join A to B and C. intersecting extended line segment BC at C’.
5. DABC is the given triangle. 9. Through C’ draw a line parallel to AC intersecting
6. Draw a ray BX making an acute angle. extended line segment AB at A’.
10. Hence, DA’BC’ is a required triangle. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-95
Solutions 2.
Bisect the line AB. Let mid-point of AB is C. Taking
C as centre draw a circle of radius AC which will
HOTS Answers intersect the circles at point P, Q, R and S. Join BP,
1. Here, AB = 5 cm, BC = 12 cm. BQ, AS and AR. These are required tangents. 1
Let the radius of circle be x cm. P
A O S
5–
x
(5–x) A
B 1
R 13 cm C
O'
12 R
x O –x Q
5 cm P
x x [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
3. Steps of Construction :
B x Q (12–x) C
1. Draw a line segment AB of 7 cm.
12 cm 1
2. Taking A and B as centre draw two circle of 3 cm
2 2

∴ AC = (12 ) + ( 5) and 2 cm radius.
= 144 + 25
P
S
= 169 = 13 cm

 AC = AR + RC 3cm C 2cm
A B
7cm
∴
AC = (5 – x) + (12 – x)
⇒
13 = 5 – x + 12 – x
⇒
2x = 17 – 13 = 4 Q
R
4
⇒ x = = 2 cm 1 3. Bisect the line AB. Let mid-point of AB is C.
2 4. Taking C as centre draw a circle of radius AC which
will intersect the circle at point P, Q, R and S.
2. Following steps will be followed for constructing
5. Join BP, BQ, AS and AR.
the tangents on the given circles :
These are the required tangents. 2
1. Draw a line segment AB of 8 cm. Taking A and B as [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
centre draw two circles of 4 cm and 3 cm radius. ½
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-73

SECTION
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGNOMETRY
10
B AND TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
TOPIC-1
Trigonometric Ratios and Trigonometric Ratios of Comple-
mentary Angles
WORKSHEET-96
Solutions ⇒ PQ2 + 81 = (PQ + 1)2
⇒ PQ2 + 81 = PQ2 + 1 + 2PQ
1.
sin (A + B) = 1 = sin 90° ⇒ PQ = 40
⇒ A + B = 90° ...(i) PR – PQ = 1 (Given)
1 ⇒ PR = 1 + 40
sin (A – B) = = sin 30° 1
2 ⇒ PR = 41
⇒ A – B = 30° ...(ii) 40 9 49
Solving eq. (i) and (ii), ∴
sin R + cos R = + = 3
41 41 41
A = 60° and B = 30° 1
P
2. C
A B 41
6
40
AC2 = (8)2 + (6)2 = 100
⇒ AC = 10
8 6

\ sin A = , cos A = 1
10 10
6 8 Q 9 cm R
and sin C = , cos C = 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
10 10
\ sin A cos C + cos A sin C 4. tan2 30° sin 30° + cos 60° sin2 90° tan2 60° – 2 tan 45°
8 8 6 6 cos2 0° sin 90°
= × + ×
1 1 1
10 10 10 10 Expression = × + × 1 × 3 × – 2 × 1 × 1 × 1.
100 3 2 2

= = 1. 1
100 1 3 1 + 9 - 12
= + -2 =
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 6 2 6
2 2 2 2 1
3. PQ + QR = PR = - =- 4
(By Pythagoras theorem) 6 3
⇒ PQ2 + 92 = PR2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
WORKSHEET-97
Solutions BD = CD
∠BAD = ∠CAD = 30° by CPCT
1. Consider a triangle ABC with each side equal to 2a By Pythagoras theorem,
∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60° AD = 3a ½
Draw AD is perpendicular to BC AB 2 a
DBDA ≅ DCDA by RHS ½ In DBDA, cosec 30° = = =2 ½
BD a
4.
cos (40° + x) = sin 30°
BD a 1
and cos 60° = = = ½ ⇒ cos (40° + x) = sin (90° – 60°)
AB 2 a 2
⇒ cos (40° + x) = cos 60°
A
⇒ 40° + x = 60°
⇒ x = 60° – 40°
\ x = 20° 3
5.
cos (A + B) = 0
⇒ cos (A + B) = cos 90°
⇒ A + B = 90° ...(i)
B D C and cot (A – B) = 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] ⇒ cot (A – B) = cot 30°
cosec13° cot 20° ⇒ A – B = 30° ...(ii)
2.
= -
sec 77° tan 70° on solving eq. (i) and eq. (ii),
cos es ( 90° - 77°) cot ( 90° - 70°) A + B = 90°
= -
sec 77° ta n 70° A – B = 30°

sec 77° tan 70° 2A = 120°
= - \ A = 60°
sec 77° tan 70°

Put A = 60° in eq. (i),
= 1 – 1
A + B = 90°
= 0 2
⇒ 60° + B = 90°
3.
cos 71° – sin 57° + tan 63°
= cos (90° – 19°) – sin (90° – 33°) + tan (90° – 27°) ⇒ B = 90° – 60°
= sin 19° – cos 33° + cot 27°. 3 ∴ B = 30°
Hence A = 60° and B = 30° 4
qqq
WORKSHEET-98
Solutions 5
+3 - 1
= 4 1
1. Given sec q.sin q = 0 1 1
+
sin θ 4 4
⇒ = 0
cos θ
5 13
+2
⇒ tan q = 0 = tan 0° 4
= = 4
\ q = 0° 1 1
2. sin (36 + θ)° = cos (16 + θ)°
26 13
⇒ cos [90° – (36 + θ)°] = cos (16 + θ)° 1 = = 1
4 2
⇒
90° – 36° – θ = 16° + θ
⇒ 2θ = 90 °– 36° – 16° = 38°
98° sin 3θ = cos (θ – 6°) 1
\
θ = = 19°. 1 ⇒ cos (90° – 3θ) = cos (θ – 6°)
2
⇒ 90° – 3θ = θ – 6° 1
2 2 2
5 cos 60° + 4 cos 30° - tan 45° ⇒ 4θ = 90° + 6° = 96°

3.
sin 2 30° + cos2 60° 96°
2
\ θ = = 24° 1
2
 3 4
1 2
5   + 4   - (1)
2 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
=   1
2 2
1 1 tan A + tan B
2 + 2 5.
tan (A + B) =
    1 - tan A tan B

S OLUT I ONS P-75

(i)
tan 75° = tan (45° + 30°) tan 60° + tan 30°
tan 45° + tan 30° =
= 1 – tan 60° tan 30°
1 - tan 45°.tan 30°
1
1 3+
1+ = 3
3 1
= 1- 3×
1 3
1-
3
3+1
3 +1 3
∴
tan 75° = 2 =
3 -1 0
(ii) tan 90° = tan (60° + 30°) \
tan 90° = ∞ 2
qqq
WORKSHEET-99
Solutions 1
= 2 = 1 1
1.
Given, 2 sin θ = 1 3 3
1 2
⇒
sin θ = = sin 45°
2 sin θ sin 60°
RHS = =
\ θ = 45° 1 1+ cos θ 1+ cos 60°
Now sec2 θ – cosec2 θ = sec2 45° – cosec2 45° 3 3
( ) ( )
2 2
= 2 – 2 = 2 = 2 1
1 3
1+
= 2 – 2 2 2
= 0. 1
1
2.
We know that, = = LHS 1
3
sec (90° – θ) = cosec θ,
Hence relation is verified for q = 60°.
tan (90° – θ) = cot θ, 1
cot (90° – θ) = tan θ, 4. sin2 30° cos2 45° + 4 tan2 30° + sin2 90°
2
cosec (90° – θ) = sec θ 1 1
– 2 cos2 90° +
Hence, 24
sin θ sec (90° - θ )tan θ tan (90° - θ ) 2 2 2
-  1  1   1  1 2
cosec (90° - θ)cos θ cot (90° - θ) cot θ =   × 
 2   2 
+4
  + (1)
3 2
sin θ cosec θ tan θ cot θ
= - 1 1
sec θ cos θ tan θ cot θ – 2 (0) + 1
24
1 1  1 4 1 1
×tan θ sin θ × =
sin θ  + + + 1
= - 1 = 1 – 1 = 0 1 4  2 3 2 24
1
×cos θ tan θ
cos θ 1 4 1 1
= + + +
8 3 24 2
1
1 - cos θ 1- 3+ 32 +1+12
3. LHS = = 2 (Q cos 60°= 1 ) = 1
1+ cos θ 1 2 24
1+
2 48
= = 2. 1
24
qqq
WORKSHEET-100
Solutions 4. tan A + cot A = 2
On squaring both sides,
1. Given tan 2A = cot (A + 60°)
(tan A + cot A)2 = (2)2 1
⇒ cot (90 – 2A) = cot (A + 60)
⇒ tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 tan A. cot A = 4
⇒ 90 – 2A = A + 60°
⇒ 3A = 30° 1
⇒
tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 tan A × = 4 1
\ A = 10° 1 tan A
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ⇒ tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 = 4

⇒ tan2 A + cot2 A = 4 – 2

2.
 tan (A + B) = 3 = tan 60°
∴ tan2 A + cot2 A = 2
1
Hence, A + B = 60° ...(i) ½
5. cos q + sin q = 2 cos q
1
Again tan (A – B) = = tan 30° ⇒ sin q = cos q( 2 – 1)
3

cos θ ( 2 - 1) ( 2 +1)
⇒
A – B = 30° ...(ii) ½ ⇒ sin q = 1
( 2 +1)
Adding equations (i) and (ii),
2A = 90° cos θ (2 - 1)
⇒ sin q =
90° 2 +1

\
A = = 45°
2 ⇒ ( 2 + 1)sin q = cos q
1
Putting this value of A in equation (i), ⇒
2 sin θ + sin q = cos q
B = 60° – A = 60° – 45° = 15°
⇒ cos q – sin q =
2 sin θ . Hence proved. 1
Hence, A = 45° and B = 15°. 1
3
( 4 4
) (
6. 4 sin 30° + cos 60° – 3 cos2 45° - sin 2 90° )
3. cos (A – B) = = cos 30°
2
⇒ A – B = 30° ...(i) ½  1  4  1  4   1  2 
- (1)  1
2
= 4   +    – 3  
3  2   2 
  2  
sin (A + B) = = sin 60°
2
1 1 1 
⇒ A + B = 60° ...(ii) ½ = 4  +  – 3  - 1 1
Adding equations (i) and (ii),  16 16  2 
2A = 90° 1 3
\ A = 45° ½ = + 1
2 2
From eqn. (ii), B = 60° – A = 60° – 45° = 15° ½
= = 2. 1
2
qqq
WORKSHEET-101
Solutions = sin 22° + cot 14°,
[  cos (90° – θ) = sin θ and tan (90° – θ) = cot θ ] 1
sin 25° tan 23°
1. + 3. Given, 2 sin 2θ = 3
cos65° cot 67°
3
sin 25° tan 23° ⇒ sin 2θ = = sin 60° 1
= + 2
sin( 90° - 65°) tan( 90° - 67°)
⇒ 2θ = 60°
= 1 + 1 = 2 1
1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] Hence, cos 2θ = cos 60° = · 1
2
2.
cos 68° + tan 76° = cos (90° – 22°) + tan (90° – 14°) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
S OLUT I ONS P-77

4. A BC 5
cos C = = 1
AC 13
12 25
x x+1 1+
Now
1+ sin C
= 13 = 13 = 25 · 1
1+ cos C 1+ 5 18 18
13 13
B 5 cm
C 5. 15tan2 θ + 4sec2 θ = 23
15tan2 θ + 4(tan2 θ + 1) = 23
Let AB = x (\ sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ) 1
2 2
 AC – AB = 1 ⇒ 15tan θ + 4tan θ + 4 = 23
⇒ 19tan2 θ = 19
⇒
AC = x + 1 ⇒ tan θ = 1 = tan 45° 1

AC2 = AB2 + BC2 \ θ = 45°
Now, (sec θ + cosec θ)2 – sin2 θ
⇒ (x + 1)2 = x2 + (5)2

= (sec 45° + cosec 45°)2 – sin2 45°
⇒
x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + 25 2
( )  1 
2
⇒ 2x = 24
= 2+ 2 - 1
 2 
24
⇒
x = = 12 cm 1
( ) 1
2
2 = 2 2 -
2
Hence, AB = 12 cm, AC = 13 cm 1 15
= 8 - = 1
AB 12 2 2
sin C = =
AC 13
qqq
TOPIC-2
Trigonometric Identities
WORKSHEET-102
Solutions cos A sin A
= − 1
sin A cos A
1 1 1+ 1+
1. sec A = = 1 cos A sin A
cos A 1 - sin 2 A
cos2 A sin 2 A
= −
sin A sin A cos A + sin A sin A + cos A
and tan A = = 1
cos A 1 - sin 2 A cos2 A − sin 2 A
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] = 1
(sin A + cos A )

(sin 4 θ + cos4 θ) (cos A + sin A )(cos A − sin A )
2. LHS = =
1 - 2 sin 2 θ cos2 θ sin A + cos A

= cos A – sin A
(sin 2 θ)2 + (cos2 θ)2
= = RHS Hence proved. 1
1 - 2 sin 2 θ cos2 θ
4.
(sin 2 θ + cos2 θ)2 - 2 sin 2 θ cos2 θ A
= 2 2
1 - 2 sin θ cos θ
= = 1 = RHS 2 b b a
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] θ
B
cos A sin A a C
3. LHS = −
1 + tan A 1 + cot A
bcos q = a x2 y2
⇒ - = sec2 q – tan2 q = 1.
a a 2
b2
⇒
cos q =
b
\ b2x2 – a2y2 = a2b2 2
b a
cosec q = , cot q = x2 y2
b2 - a2 b2 - a2 (ii) 2
= cosec2 q, = cot2 q
a b2
b+a b+a x2 y2
cosec q + cot q = = 3 ⇒ - = cosec2 q – cot2q = 1
2
b -a 2 b-a 2
a b2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] \ b2x2 – a2y2 = a2b2 2
x2 y2 qqq
5. (i) = sec2 q, = tan2q
a2 b2
WORKSHEET-103
Solutions 4.
1. = sin2 41 + sin2 49
H P
= sin2 (90° – 49°) + sin2 49°
= cos2 49 + sin2 49°
= 1. [Q cos2 q + sin2 q = 1] 1 A
cos θ cos θ B
2. + = 4
1 - sin θ 1 + sin θ P H
Let, tan A = , sec A =
B B
cos θ(1 + sin θ) + cos θ(1 - sin θ)
⇒ = 4 H2 = P2 + B2
(1 - sin θ)(1 + sin θ)
LHS = 1 + tan2 A 1
cos θ[1 + sin θ + 1 - sin θ] 2 2
⇒ = 4 P P
1 - sin 2 θ = 1+  = 1+
 B  B2
cos θ( 2 )
⇒
= 4 B2 + P 2 H2
cos2 θ = =
2
B B2
2
⇒
= 4 2
cos θ H 2
=   = sec A 1
⇒ 2 sec q = 4 B
⇒ sec q = 2 = sec2 A
sec q = sec 60° = RHS Hence proved.
∴ q = 60° 2
Equations that are true no matter what value is
3 2 plugged in for the variable. On simplifying an
sin θ − 2 sin θ sin θ(1 - 2 sin θ) identity equation, one always get a true statement. 3
3. =
2 cos3 θ − cos θ cos θ( 2 cos2 θ - 1)
5. On squaring,
sin θ(sin 2 θ + cos2 θ - 2 sin 2 θ) cosec2 θ + cot2 q – 2cosec q cot q = 2cot2 q
= ⇒ cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 2cosec θ cot θ
cos θ( 2 cos2 θ - sin 2 θ - cos2 θ)
⇒ (cosec θ + cot θ) (cosec θ – cot θ)
tan θ(cos2 θ - sin 2 θ) = 2cosec θ cot θ
= ⇒ (cosec θ + cot θ) 2 cot θ = 2cosec θ cot θ
(cos2 θ - sin 2 θ)
⇒ cosec θ + cot θ = 2 cosec θ 4
= tan q Hence proved. 3
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-79

WORKSHEET-104
Solutions = 4 sin A tan A
∴
m2 – n2 = 4 mn 1
A
1. Let sec2 q + cosec2 q < 2. 1 3.
⇒ 1 + tan2 θ + 1 + cot2 θ < 2.
⇒ 2 + tan2 θ + cot2 θ < 2
⇒ (tan2 θ + cot2 θ) < 0 Rope
which is not possible. 1 12 m
\ sec2 θ + cosec2 θ can never be less than 2
Hence our assumption is wrong.
2. tan A + sin A = m and tan A – sin A = n 30°
LHS = m2 – n2 = (tan A + sin A)2 – (tan A – sin A)2 C B
= (tan2 A + sin2 A + 2 sin A. tan A) (i) Clearly, distance covered by the artist is equal to the
– (tan2 A + sin2 A – 2 sin A. tan A) length of the rope AC. Let AB be the vertical pole of
= tan2 A + sin2 A + 2 sin tan A height 12 m.
– tan2 A – sin2 A + 2 sin A tan A It is given that ∠ACB = 30°
= 4 sin A tan A 1 Thus, in right-angled triangle ABC,
AB
RHS = 4 mn = 4 (tan A + sin A )(tan A - sin A ) sin 30° =
2 2
AC
= 4 tan A - sin A
1 12
⇒
=
sin 2 A - sin 2 A cos2 A 2 AC
=4
cos2 A ..
. AC = 24 m. 2
sin 2 A(1 - cos2 A ) Hence, the distance covered by the circus artist is
=4 24 m.
cos2 A
(ii) Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-
sin 2 A × sin 2 A angled triangle. 1
=4 1 (iii) Focus helps us to gain success in life. 1
cos2 A
qqq
WORKSHEET-105
Solutions 2. 7cosec f –3cot f = 7

HOTS & Value Based Answers ⇒ 7cosec f – 7 = 3cot f

1
cos α cos α ⇒ 7(cosec f – 1) = 3cot f

1. Given, = m and =n
cos β sin β ⇒ 7(cosec f –1)(cosec f +1) = 3cot f(cosec f+1)

cos2 α cos2 α ⇒ 7(cosec2 f – 1) = 3cot f(cosec f + 1)

⇒ m2 = 2
and n =
cos2 β sin 2 β ⇒ 7cot2 f = 3cot f(cosec f + 1)

LHS = (m2 + n2) cos2 b 1 ⇒
7cotf = 3(cosec f + 1) 1
\ 7cot f – 3cosec f = 3
1
 cos2 α cos2 α 
+ 2
 2 2  cos b 3. (i) Let AB be the tree broken at a point C such
=  cos β sin β  that the broken part CB takes the position CO and
strikes the ground at O. It is given that OA = 30 m
 1  and ∠AOC = 30°.
2
= cos a  cos2 b 1
2 2 
 cos β sin β  Let AC = x and CB = y, then CO = y

cos2 α
= = n2
sin 2 β
\ (m2 + n2) cos2 b = n2

1
B .. 30
. x = = 10 3 1
3
Again in DOAC,
y OA
cos 30° =
OC
3 30
\ =
C 2 y

y 60
x ⇒ y = = 20 3
3
30°
O A ∴ Height of the tree = (x + y)
30 m
= 10 3 + 20 3
In DOAC,

tan 30° =
AC = 30 3
OA = 30 × 1.732
1 = 51.96 m 1
x
⇒ = (ii) Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right
3 30 angled triangle. 1
(iii) The problem of decreasing ratio of trees and land is
discussed here. 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-81

SECTION
CHAPTER
11
B HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES
WORKSHEET-106
Solutions 10 1
1. ⇒ =
A x 2
⇒
x = 10 2
60°
Ladder = 10 × 1.414
m
15 h Wall = 14.14 m 1
3. 45° 60°
B C
Let the height of wall be h 45°
h
h
= cos 60°
15
⇒ h = 15 × cos 60°
1 60°
= 15 × x
2
= 7.5 m 1 h − 50
tan 45° =
2. Let OA be the electric pole and B be the point on the x
ground.
⇒ x = h – 50 ½
Let BA = x h
tan 60° = ½
AO x
In ∆ABO, = sin 45° 1
AB h
⇒
x = ½
A 3
h
Hence h – 50 = ½
3
x
10 m 1
⇒ h = 75 + 25 3
= 118.25 m. 1
45° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
O
B x
qqq
WORKSHEET-107
Solutions A
AB
1. In right DABC, = sin 60°
AC x
90 m
90 3
⇒ = ½
x 2
180 3 60°
⇒
x =
3 B C
⇒ = 60 × 1.732 1½
x = 60 3
Hence length of string = 103.92 m.
C
2. 3.
30° 45°
7m
100 m
B
30° 45°
A x D y B ½
x In right ∆ADC,
CD
45°
tan 30° = ½
AD
60°
y ½ 1 100
⇒ =
3 x
x
(i) = tan 45° = 1 ⇒ x = 100 3 ...(i) ½
y

In right ∆BDC,

⇒ x = y 1 CD
tan 45° = ½
x+7 DB
(ii) = tan 60° = 3
x 100
⇒ 1 = ½
y
⇒ 7 = ( 3 − 1)x 1+½
⇒ y = 100 m
7( 3 + 1) Distance between two cars
x =
2 = AB = AD + DB ½
7( 2.73) = (100 3 + 100 m) ½

=
2 = (100 × 1.73 + 100) m
= (173 + 100) m
= 9.6 m [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
= 273 m ½
qqq
WORKSHEET-108
Solutions Height of the tower = AC + CD
= 28.2 3 + 1.2 m
1. A = 50 m 1
h
2. A
Tower
60°
B C
28.2 m
1.2 m
E 28.2 m D Tree B
Br
From the triangle ABC ok
en
h pa
= tan 60° rt
28.2
⇒ h = 28.2 ×tan 60° 30°
C D ½
= 28.2 × 3 8m
S OLUT I ONS P-83

In right DBCD,
D
3.
CD
cos 30° =
BD
3 8
⇒ = 30°
2 BD A E 150 m
60 m
16
⇒ BD = ½ h
3
BC
and tan 30° = B
CD 60 m C
Let AB and CD be two towers.
1 BC Let the height of the shorter tower AB = h
⇒ =
3 8 BC = AE = 60 m, DE = DC – EC = 150 – h
8 DE
⇒ BC = In ∆ AED, = tan 30°
3 AE
150 - h 1
∴ Height of tree = BC + BD ⇒ = tan 30° = 1
60 3
8 + 16
=
3 150 3 – h 3 = 60
⇒

24 ⇒ 3 h = 150 3 – 60
= 3
3
60 3
⇒ h = 150 – ×
= 8 3 m. 1 3 3

⇒ (
h = 150 - 20 3 m. ) 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-109
Solutions AB
In DABC,
= tan 30°
BC
1. Let the ∠ACB = q
AB x 1
tan q = ⇒ = tan 30° =
BC 30 3

20 1 ⇒ x = 10 3
tan q = = = tan 30° 1

20 3 3 AB
⇒ q = 30° In DABD, = tan 60°
BD
Sun's altitude is 30°. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
10 3
2. A = tan 60°= 3 1
y

⇒ y = 10 m
x
Hence the length of shadow = 10 m.
60° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]

B 30° C
y D
30 m 1
3.

4. Flagstaff ⇒ y = 3x 1
5m x+5
(ii) = tan 60° = 3
y

x+5
Tower or = 3
x 3x 1+½

60° 30° P Height of Tower = 2.5 m
y 1 Distance of P from tower = (2.5 × 1.732) or 4.33 m.
x 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ½
(i) = tan 30° =
y 3

qqq
WORKSHEET-110
Solutions = 17.32 m ½
D
1. Let height of flagstaff = x m
AB
\ tan 30° = x
AP
1 10 B
⇒ =
3 AP
45° 10 m
AP = 10 3 1
30°
i.e., distance of the building P A
= 10 × 1.732
S OLUT I ONS P-85

= 50(1.732 – 1)
AD 10 + x = 50 × 0.732
tan 45° = or 1 =
AP 10 3 ∴ Height of tower = 36.60 m.
or length of flagstaff x = 10
( 3 -1 ) 3.
= 7.32 m. ½
2.
Let AD be the height (h) of the light house and BC is
the distance between the ships
A
30° 45°
h 1
Let PX = x and PQ = h m
\ QT = (h – 40) m
30° 45° In ∆PQX,
B x C h
100 – x D tan 60° =
100 m
x
Given, BC =100 m h
⇒
3 =
h x
tan 45° =
DC ⇒
h = 3x ... (i) 1
⇒
DC = h ...(i) 1 h - 40
h In ∆QTY, tan 45° =
In DABD,
tan 30° = x
100 - DC
1 h h - 40
⇒ = ⇒
1 =
100 -x x
3
∴ 100 – x = h 3 1 ⇒ x = h – 40 ... (ii) 1
Solving (i) and (ii),
100 – h = h 3 [By (i)] x = 3 x – 40

⇒ 100 = h + h 3
or ( )
3 - 1 x = 40

⇒ 100 = h 1 + 3 ( ) 40
or x =
100 3 -1
h =
1+ 3 = 20 ( )
3 +1 m
100( 3 - 1)
⇒
h =
3 -1 ∴h=
3 × 20 ( )
3 + 1 = 20 3 + 3 m ( ) 1
= 50 ( 3 - 1 )
1
qqq
WORKSHEET-111
Solutions Let A be a point and B, C be two objects.
1. AO
A In ∆ACO, = tan 45°
45° CO
60°
100
⇒ =1
CO
1
100 m ⇒ CO = 100 m
AO
Also in ∆ABO, = tan 60°
OB
45° 60°
C B O
100 15 × 90
⇒ = 3 1 ⇒ h =
OB 17
100 = 79.41 m 1
⇒ OB =
3
Hence, height of kite is 79.41 m.
∴ BC = CO – OB

100
= 100 –
3 3. A
B
 1  30°
= 100  1 -  m. 1
 3
x x 1
30° 60°
2. A
Q 80 – y P y R
80 m
m Let the distance of Pole PR = y and PQ = 80 – y

90 h 1 From DBPR,
x
tan 60° =
y

O ⇒ x = y 3 ...(i) 1
B From DAPQ,
Let A be the position of kite and AB be the string. x
Since it is given that tan 30° =
80 - y
15
tan θ =
8
⇒ 3 x = 80 – y ...(ii) 1
15
∴ sin θ = Solving (i) and (ii)
17 y = 20, x = 20 3 m.

 Using Pythagoras
 Theorem. 1
  Height of pole = 20 3 m.

AO Distance of Pole, PR = 20 m.
In DABO, = sin q
AB QP = 80 – 20 = 60 m. 1
h
⇒ =
90 17
qqq
WORKSHEET-112
Solutions Let C be the point where the ball is
1. It will be less than 45°. ∠C = 60° (alternate angles)
(Since base is greater than perpendicular of the AB
In D ABC, tan 60° =
triangle) 1 BC
A 20 1
2. ⇒ 3 =
60° x

20
⇒
x =
3
20 m
 
= 20  3  ½
 3 
 
60° Hence, required distance is
C B 1 = 11.53 m. ½
x
S OLUT I ONS P-87

3.
Let two men are standing at A and C. In DABE,
4. ∠AEB = 30° ½
BT is the tower.
T h
tan 30° =
x
x
h =
20 m 3
30° 60° In DCDE, ∠CED = 60°
C A C
A B
In rt. DABT,
BT
tan 30° = h h
AB
1 20
⇒ = 30° 60°
3 AB
B x 80 – x
E D
⇒ AB = 20 3
h
In rt. DBTC, tan 60° = 1
BT 80 - x
tan 60° =
BC h
⇒
3 =
20 80 - x
⇒ 3 = 1
BC
⇒ h = 3 (80 – x)

20 x
⇒ BC = 1 ⇒ = 3 (80 – x)
3 3
∴ Distance between two men ⇒
x = 60 m 1
= AB + BC
20 h = 60
= 20 3 + 3
3
Hence, height of pole = 20 3 = 34.64 m. ½
60 + 20 80 3
= = m. 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
3 3
Hence, distance between the two men is

80 3
m.
qqq
3
WORKSHEET-113
Solutions 50
⇒ AM = or 28.87 m. 1
HOTS & Value Based Answers 3
(ii) Height of pole = CD = BM
1. Here, AB = 50 m, ∠ADB = 45°, ∠ACM = 30°
AB = 50 – 28.87 = 21.13 m. ½
tan 45° = =1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
BD
⇒ AB = BD = 50 m. 1 2. (i) Let P be the position of the balloon when its
(i) Distance of pole from bottom of tower = 50 m angle of elevation from the eyes of the girl is 60° and
Q be the position when angle of elevation is 30°.
AM AM
Now, tan 30° = = P Q
MC BD
A
30°
45°
88·2 m
30°
M C 60°
50 m 30° L
O M
1·2 m
L' M' 1
45° PL
In DOLP, tan 60° =
B D ½ OL

PL' - LL' ⇒ OM = 87 3 ½
⇒ 3 =
OL
∴ Distance travelled by the balloon,
88.2 - 1.2 PQ = LM = OM – OL
= ½
=  87 3 -
OL 87  m

87  3
⇒ 3 =
OL 
= 87  3 −
1 
87  m
 3
⇒ OL =
3 87 × 2 174
= = m
QM 3 3
In DOMQ, tan 30° =
OM
174 3
QM' - MM' = = 58 3 m 1
= 3
OM (ii) Height and distance. ½
1 88.2 - 1.2 (iii) Concentration. ½
⇒
=
3 OM
qqq
WORKSHEET-114
Solutions 2.
x B (Bird)
HOTS & Value Based Answers D
1.
B C
80 m 80 m
1500 3 ½
45°
30°
30° C x y
A
60°
A x L M Correct Figure 1
BL 80
Let, AL = x, ∴ = tan 60° tan 45° =
x y
 BL = CM = 1500 3 ⇒ y = 80 ½

80
1500 3 tan 30° =
⇒ = 3 ⇒ x = 1500 m. 1 x+y
x
⇒
x + y = 80 3 ½
CM 1
= tan 30° = ∴
x = 80 ( 3 – 1) = 58.4 m.
AL + LM 3
58.4
Hence, speed of bird = = 29.2 m/s. 1
⇒ 1500 + LM = 1500 (3) = 4500 1 2
⇒ LM = 3000 m. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Distance 3000 A
∴ Speed = = 3. 60° 30°
Time 15
= 200 m/s
= 720 km/hr. ½
30° 60°
P x Q O

S OLUT I ONS P-89

(i) Let OA be the cliff and P be the initial position of 2 1
the boat when the angle of depression is 30°. After 6 = OP [... OQ = OP] ½
3 3
minutes the boat reaches to Q such that the angle of
depression at Q is 60°. Let the speed of the boat be v m/minute, then
Let PQ = x m. PQ = Distance travelled by the boat in 6 minutes
In ∠POA and ∠QOA, we have ⇒ PQ = 6v ½
OA 2 2
tan 30° = (OP) = 6v [... PQ = OP]
OP ⇒ 3 3
OA ⇒ OP = 9v
and tan 60° = ∴ Time taken by the boat to reach at the shore is
OQ
given by,
1 OA OA OP
⇒
= and 3 = ½
3 OQ T =
OP v

OP and OA = 3OQ 9v
⇒
OA = ⇒
T = minutes
3 v
OP = 9 minutes 1
⇒
= 3OQ
3 (ii) Height and distance. ½
⇒
OP = 3OQ (iii) Uniformity in action. ½
⇒
PQ = OP – OQ ½
OP qqq
=OP –
3
WORKSHEET-115
Solutions
∴ AC = ( BC )2 + ( AB)2

( 20 )2 + ( 20 3 )2
1. C =
= 400 + 1200
h
A 30°
x = 40 m. 1
60° B
20m 20m [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
2. Let the height be ‘h’ m and breadth be ‘b’ m.

A
D
From, DABC, h
h 1
= tan 30° =
x 3
60° 30°
1
⇒ x = 3h. ...(i) ½ B b C 20 m D
From DABD,

In DABC ,
40 + h
= tan 60° = 3 h
x = tan 60° = 3
b
40 + h ⇒
⇒ x = ...(ii) ½ h = 3 b
3 1

h 1
From (i) and (ii), In DABD, = tan 30° =
b + 20 3
40 + h
∴ 3 h = b + 20
3 ⇒
h =
3
⇒ h = 20 m. 1 b + 20
∴ x = 20 ∴ b 3 =
3 m 3

3b = b + 20 ⇒ 2b = 20 ⇒ b = 10 m
BC
h = b 3 = 10 × 1.73 = 17.3 m 1 tan 30° =
AB
∴ Height of tree is 17.3 m and breadth of river is
1 BC
10 m. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ⇒ =
3 40
3. A 40
⇒
BC = 1
3
30° Again, considering right triangle DBC, we have
D
DC
tan 60° = 1
Tower 40 m BC
DC
Chimney
⇒ 3 = 1
BC
60° 40
B C DC = 3 ×
3

Suppose AB = 40 m be the height of the tower and
CD be the height of smoking chimney. ⇒ DC = 40 m
Considering right angled DABC, we have ∴ The height of chimney is 40 m. 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-91

SECTION
CHAPTER
12
B AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES
WORKSHEET-116
Solutions = Area of the sector AOBA
– Area of ∆OPA 1
1.  Circumference of the outer circle 2πr1 = 88 cm
88 × 7 60 1
∴ r1 = = 14 cm. = × πr 2 - × b × h
2 × 22 360 2
 Circumference of the inner circle 2πr2 = 66 cm 60° 22 1
= × × 17 × 17 - × 8 × 15
66 × 7 21 360° 7 2
∴ r2 = = cm = 10.5 cm
2 × 22 2
= 151.38 – 60 = 91.38 cm2. 1
∴ Width of the ring = r1 – r2
= 14 – 10.5 cm = 3.5 cm. 1 4.

2. Diameter of the circle = diagonal of square
= 16 cm D C
Let x be the side of square
∴ x 2 = 16 ⇒ x = 8 2 1
( )
2
Area of square = x2 = 8 2

A B
= 128 cm2 1 1

3. Let r cm be the radius of each circle.
24
Area of square – Area of 4 sectors = cm2 ½
7

O  90°  24
⇒ (2r)2 – 4 
× πr 2  = 1
 360°  7
P
22 2 24
⇒ 4r 2 -
r = ½
A 7 7
B
2
28r - 22r 2 24
⇒ =
As OA = 17 cm, AP = 15 cm and ∆OPA is right 7 7
triangle
⇒ 6r2 = 24
∴ Using Pythagoras theorem,
⇒ r2 = 4 1
OP = 8 cm 1 ⇒ r =± 2
⇒ Radius of each circle is 2 cm (r cannot be negative)
Area of the shaded region [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq
WORKSHEET-117
Solutions ⇒ 64π + 225π = πR2
⇒ R2 = 289 ⇒ R = 17 cm
1. Area of circle = πr2, Let the radius of circle with Circumference of circle
centre C = R = 2πr = 2π×17
According to question, π(8)2 + π(15)2 = 34π cm 1
= πR2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
2. Area of remaining part
= Area of rectangle – Area of semi-circle ½ = 660 + 36 3 - 132
D C 7 7
528
= 36 3 + cm2 1
7
14 cm [CBSE Marking Scheme 2016]
4.
A 20 cm B
A
22×7 ×7
= 20×14 - 1
7 ×2 5 cm
154 θ C
= 280 - D O P
2
= 280 – 77 = 203 cm2. ½ 5
10 cm

3. B
1
O cos θ = ⇒ θ = 60° ½
2
Reflex ∠AOB = 240° ½

2 × 3.14 × 5 × 240
∴ ADB =
= 20.93 cm 1
360
Hence length of elastic in contact = 20.93 cm

A B

∠AOB = 60° Now, AP = 5 3 cm
Area of shaded region = Area of major sector +
Area (∆OAP + ∆OBP) = 2 5 3 = 43.25 cm2 ½
(Area of ∆AOB – Area of minor sector)
300 22 25 × 3.14 × 120
= × × (6)2 1 Area of sector OACB = = 26.16 cm2
360 7 360

 3 ½
2 60 22 2
+  4 (12) - 360 × 7 ×6  1 Shaded Area = 43.25 – 26.16 = 17.09 cm2 1
  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq
WORKSHEET-118
Solutions
1
2. Area of the sector = × (length of the
2
1. Distance covered in 1 revolution = circumference
corresponding arc) × radius ½
of wheel 1
= ×l×r
= πd 2
= π × 1.26 m. 1
= ×12 × 6
Distance covered in 500 revolutions 2

= 500 × π × 1.26 = 36 cm. 1½
= 500 × × 1.26
7 90
3. Area of sector OAPB = π (10)2 = 25π cm2
= 1980 m. 1 360
Area of ∆AOB = × 10 × 10 = 50 cm2 ½
2
∴ Area of minor segment AQBP = (25π – 50) cm2

S OLUT I ONS P-93

= 25 × 3.14 – 50 We have OB = O’C = 30 m ½
= 78.5 – 50
AB = CD = 10 m
= 28.5 cm2 ½
OA = O’D = (30 + 10) m
Also area of circle = π(10)2

= 3.14 × 100 = 40 m. ½
= 314 cm2 1 ar (track) = ar (rect. ABCD) + ar (rect. EFGH)
Area of major segment ALBQA = 314 – 28.5 + 2 (ar semi-circle of radius 40) – 2
= 285.5 cm2 1 ar (semi-circle of radius 30)
= [(10 × 106) + (10 × 106)]
4. A 106 cm D
 1 22 1 22 
100 m +2  × × ( 40 )2 - × × ( 30 )2  1
 2 7 2 7 
B C
= (2120 + 2200) m2
O O’
= 4320 m2. 2
E H [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
F G qqq
WORKSHEET-119
Solutions 14 cm
1. A line intersecting the circle at two distinct points

is called a secant. 1
7 cm
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 7 cm 7 cm
2 πrθ
2. Perimeter of sector = r + r +
360°
2
22 90 227
=7+7+2× ×7× = 14 ×7 - 2× × 
7 360 7 2
= 14 + 11 = 25 cm. 1
44 49
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = 98 - ×
7 4
3.
Area of the remaining cardboard
= Area of rectangular cardboard = 98 – 77
– 2 × Area of circle 1
= 21 cm2. 1
4. ½
½
½
5. Area of be shaded region 1 22 9
= × × 49   1½
1 22   7 
2 2
 7
= × 7 2 +   − 2    cm 2 2  8 
2 7
2 7   2  2 
 693
= sq. cm or 86.625 cm2 ½
1 22  49 49  8
= ×  49 + − 
4
2 7  8 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq
WORKSHEET-120
Solutions 2. Name of the line that touches a circle at one point
is called tangent. 1
1.
2
AB = (16 ) + (12 )

(From Paythagoras theorem) 3. Perimeter = πr + 2r ½
= 256 + 144 = (π + 2)r = 36
400 = 20 cm 36
= ⇒ r = 36 ⇒ r = 7 1
∴ Radius of circle = 10 cm. 7
Perimeter of shaded region
= πr + AP + PB ∴ Diameter = 14 cm. ½
= 3 × 10 + 12 + 16 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
= 30 + 12 + 16 = 58 cm. 1

4.
½
½
S OLUT I ONS P-95

Given, AB = 13 and AC = 12
Since AB is a diameter, ∠ACB = 90°
(angle in a semicircle)
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ∆ABC
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
⇒ (13)2 = (12)2 + BC2
or BC2 = 25
⇒ BC = 5 1
1
Area of triangle ∆ACB = × BC × AC
2
1
Area of ∆ABC = × 5 × 12 = 30 cm2 ...(i) ½
2
1  AB 13 
Area of Semicircle = πr2  where, r = 2 = 2 
2  
2
1  13 
Area of Semicircle = × 3.14 ×  
2  2 
= 66.33 cm2 ...(ii) ½
∴ Area of Shaded region = (66.33 – 30) cm2
= 36.33 cm2. 1
5.
Radius of circle with centre O is OR = 693 – 441
Let OR = x = 252 m2 ½+½+½
∴ x2 + x2 = (42)2 ⇒ x = 21 2 m 1 Area of flower bed = 2 × 252

= 504 m2. ½
Area of the flower bed = Area of segment of circle
with centre angle = 90° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
22 90
= × 21 2 × 21 2 × – 1 × 21 2 × 21 2 1 qqq
7 360 2
WORKSHEET-121
Solutions 3. Perimeter of (semi-circular arc) + diameter
= 72 cm 1
10 πr + 2r = 72 cm
1. Radius of the circle = = 5 cm
2  22 
⇒ r  + 2  = 72 cm
Area of the circle = π × r2 7 

= π × (5)2
= 25π cm2 1
 22 +14  = 72
⇒ r 
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]  7 
2. Perimeter of the circle = Perimeter of square 36

⇒ r = 72
Let side of square be x cm. 7
2π r = 4x
r = 14 cm ½
22
⇒ 2× × 77 = 4x 1
7 ∴ Area of protractor = πr 2

2
2 × 22 × 11
∴ x = = 121 1 22
4 ×14 ×14 = ×
Side of the square = 121 cm. 1 2 7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = 308 cm2. ½

4. Here, r = 14 cm, θ = 60° 5. Let r be the radius of incircle
θ 1 BC = 10 = 8 – r + 6 – r 1
Area of minor segment = πr - r 2 sin θ ½
2
360 2 (By using the tangent properties)

⇒ 2r = 8 + 6 – 10
22 60 1 3 ⇒ 2r = 4 ⇒ r = 2 cm
= × 14 × 14 × - × 14 × 14 × ½
7 360 2 2 22
\ Area of circle = pr2 = ×2×2
308 2 2 7
= ( - 49 3 ) cm = 17.89 cm = 17.9 approx. 1
3 88
= = 12.57 cm2 1
7
Area of major segment = pr2 – (
308
- 49 3 )
3 1
Now, area of DABC = ×8×6
1540 2 2
= + 49 3 =598.10 cm
2 = 24 cm2 1
Area of shaded region = Area of DABC
= 598 cm2 approx. 1 – Area of circle
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] = 24 – 12.57
= 11.43 cm2 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-122
Solutions 1  3.14 × 90 
= × 10 2 ×  - sin 90° ½
2  180 
1. Area of the circle = sum of areas of two circles
πR2 = π × (40)2 + π(9)2 1
= × 100 × [1.57 – 1] = 28.5 cm2. 1
2
⇒ R2 = 1600 + 81

⇒
R = 1681 = 41 cm.
∴ Diameter of required circle = 41 × 2 = 82 cm. 1 4.
2. A D
A
90°
7 cm 7 cm
r P R
3 cm 3 cm
B C
B C
Side of square = 8 cm
From the given figure
8 1
∴ Radius of circle, r = = 4 cm Area of right-angled DABC = × 10 × 10
2 2

Area of circle = πr2 = 50 cm2 1
Area of quadrant APR of the circle of radius 7 cm
= π × 4 × 4 1 1
× p × (7)2 Area of quadrant = Area of circle
= 16π cm2 1 4 4

= × × 49 = 38.5 cm2 1
4 7
3. Radius of circle (r) = 10 cm, central angle = 90° ½
∴ Area of minor segment
S OLUT I ONS P-97

\ Area of base PBCR = Area of DABC ⇒ 2r1r2 = 196 – 130
– Area of quadrant APR = 66 1
= 50 – 38.5 = 11.5 cm2. 1 (r1 – r2)2 = r12 + r22 – 2r1r2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] = 130 – 66 = 64
5. Let the radii of the circles are r1 cm and r2 cm ⇒ r1 – r2 = 8 ...(iii) 1
\ r1 + r2 = 14 ...(i) From (i) and (iii), 2r1 = 22
And, sum of their areas = pr12 + pr22 ⇒ r1 = 11 cm
130 = p(r12 + r22) r2 = 14 – 11
⇒ 130 p = p(r12 + r22) = 3 cm. 1
\ r12 + r22 = 130 ...(ii) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
(r1 + r2)2 = r12 + r22 + 2r1r2
⇒ (14)2 = 130 + 2r1r2 qqq
WORKSHEET-123
Solutions 3. Let radius of the circle is r cm
1. Perimeter of the circle = area of the circle. Diameter = 2r cm
 2πr = πr2 Circumference = 2pr ½
∴ r = 2 units 1 Circumference = Diameter + 16.8 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ⇒ 2pr = 2r + 16.8
 22 
2. Since DABC is an equilateral triangle. ⇒ 2   r = 2r + 16.8
 7

A
⇒ 44r = 14r + 16.8 × 7
⇒ 30r = 117.6
117.6
10 cm F ⇒ r = 1
E 30
\ r = 3.92 cm 1
B D C
∴
∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60° 4. Area of shaded region
θ = Area of circle – (Area of semi-circle + Area of
Area of sector, AFEA = × πr 2 cm2 DABC) 1
360
Area of circle = πr2
=  60° × π( 5)2  cm2 1 =
22
× 21 × 21 = 1386 cm2 1
 360°  7

= 25 π cm2 πr 2 1386
= = 693 cm2
Area of semi-circle =
6 2 2

Q Areas of all three sectors are equal. 1
Area of triangle = ×42 × 21 = 441 cm2 1
∴ Total area of shaded region = 3  25 π cm2
1 2
 6 
Area of shaded region = 1386 – (693 + 441)
25 × 3.14 = 1386 – 1134
=
2 = 252 sq. cm. 1
= 39.25 cm2.
qqq
WORKSHEET-124
Solutions 3. Side of square = 50 cm
HOTS & Value Based Answers \ Area of square = 50 × 50 = 2500 cm2 ½
D C
1. Area of shaded region = Area of sector OCBAO
– Area of DODC
90° 1
= × π ×(7)2 - ×7 ×4
360° 2 21 cm
49 π 15 cm
= - 14
4 A 50 cm B
= 24.5 cm2. 1 Radius of quadrant = 15 cm.
A 1
Area of 4 quadrants = 4 × pr2 = pr2
4
B
D = p × 15 × 15
22
= × 225
7
4 cm 1
= 707.14 cm2 ½
Area of circle = pr2
2
O C 22  21 
= ×
7  2 
7 cm

2. OB = 20 2 cm ⇒ radius = 20 2
22 21 21
Area of shaded region = × ×
7 2 2
= Area of sector OQBPO – Area of square OABC 1
= 346.5 cm2 ½
90°
= ×3.14 ×20×20×2 - (20)2 Area of remaining sheet = Area of square
360°
– 4(area of quadrant) – Area of circle ½
= 2(314) – 400 = 628 – 400 = 2500 – 707.14 – 346.5
2
Required Area = 228 cm . 1 = 1446.36 sq. cm 1
Value : Importance of Water. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-125
Solutions 2. ∠POQ = 60° ½
HOTS & Value Based Answers Area of segment PAQM
 100 π 100 3  2
1. Area of shaded region = Area of square – 4 =  −  cm . 1
× area of quadrant ½  6 4 

πr 2 25π
= l 2 - 4 × ½ Area of semicircle = cm 2 ½
4 2
22
= 14 × 14 - ×7×7 ½ 25π  50 π 
7 Area of shaded region = − − 25 3  .
2  3 
= 196 – 154 = 42 cm2. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]  π
= 25  3 −  cm 2 . 1
 6
S OLUT I ONS P-99

3. 2
7
Area of the top of the well = p  
2
77 2
14 m = m
2
77
Area of the remaining field = 280 –
2
483 2
= m 1
20 m 2
7
Radius of the well = m = 3.5 m Let ‘h’ is the rise in the level of the field
2
385
Volume of the earth taken out \ h = = 1.6 m
483
2
7 2
= p   × 10
2 (approx)
22 7 7 Value : Kind heartedness, Generous, Considerate,

= × × × 10
7 2 2 Understanding and Compassionate are the values
= 385 m3 1 depicted by farmer. He also believes in giving back
Area of the rectangular field = 20 × 14 to society. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
= 280 m2 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-126
Solutions = 16p ½
Sum of the distances = 288p + 16p = 304p
= 304 × 3.14 = 954.56 cm. 1
1. A B
3. (i) Radius of the Gold scoring area
21
X O Y = = 10.5 cm
2
∴ Area of the Gold scoring region
22
D C ½ = × 10.5 × 10.5 (A = πr2)
7
Area of square = 196 cm2
Area of semicircles AOB + DOC = 346.5 cm2
Radius of combined Gold and Red region
22
= × 49 = 154 cm2 ½ = 10.5 + 10.5
7
= 21 cm
Hence area of two shaded parts ∴ Area of Red scoring region = Area of combined
(X + Y) = 196 – 154 = 42 cm2 1 Gold and Red regions – Area of the Gold region
2
Therefore area of four shaded parts = 84 cm . 1 22
= × 21 × 21 – 346.5

2. Long hand makes 24 rounds in 24 hours = 1386 – 346.5 = 1039.5 cm2 ½
Short hand makes 2 round in 24 hours 1 Radius of combined Gold, Red and Blue regions
Distance travelled by long hand in 24 rounds = 21 + 10.5 = 31.5 cm
= 24 × 12p
= 288p ½ ∴ Area of Blue scoring region = Area of combined

Distance travelled by short hand in 2 round Gold, Red and Blue region – Area of combined Gold
and Red region
= 2 ×8p

22 = 2425.5 cm2
= × 31.5 × 31.5 – 1386
7 Radius of combined Gold, Red, Blue, Black and

White regions
= 3118.5 – 1386 = 1732.5 cm2 ½
= 42 + 10.5 = 52.5 cm
Radius of combined Gold, Red, Blue and Black region ∴ Area of white scoring region = Area of combined
= 31.5 + 10.5 = 42 cm Gold, Red, Blue, Black and White regions – Area of
combined Gold, Red, Blue and Black regions.
∴ Area of black scoring regions = Area of combined
Gold, Red, Blue and Black regions – Area of 22
= × 52.5 × 52.5 – 5544
combined Gold, Red and Blue regions 7

22 = 8662.5 – 5544 = 3118.5 cm2 1
= × 42 × 42 – 3118.5
7 (ii) Areas related to circle. ½
= 5544 – 3118.5 (iii) Logical proportion is required everywhere. ½
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-101

CHAPTER
SECTION
13
B SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
TOPIC-1
Surface Areas and Volumes
WORKSHEET-127
Solutions TSA = πrl + 2πr2
22 22
1. Curved Surface of cylinder = 2prh = × 3.5 × 12.5 + 2 × × 3.5 × 3.5 1
7 7
Volume of cylinder = pr2h
= 137.5 + 77
πr 2 h 924 r 7
= ⇒ = = 214.5 cm2. 1
2 πrh 264 2 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
∴ r = 7 m
2prh = 264 4. Here r = 3, πrl = 47.1
22 47.1
⇒ 2× × 7 × h = 264 ∴
l = = 5 cm 1
7 3 × 3.14

⇒ h = 6 m h = 52 - 32 = 4 cm ½
h 6 3
∴ = = 1 1
2 r 14 7 Volume of cone = × 3.14 × 3 × 3 × 4 ½
3
2. Volume of cylinder = π(5)2 × 4 cm3
= 37.68 cm3. 1
= 100π cm3. 1
1
Volume of cone = π ×3 2 ×8
3 ½ 5. Given, Depth of well = 14 m, radius = 2 m.
Volume of earth taken out = pr2h
= 24π
22
∴
Required ratio = 100π : 24π
= × 2 × 2 × 14
7
= 25 : 6. ½ = 176 m3 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] Let r be the width of embankment
The radius of outer circle of embankment
3. = 2 +r
Area of upper surface of embankment
= p[(2 + r)2 – (2)2]
h l Volume of embankment = Volume of earth taken
out 1½
15.5 cm ⇒ p[(2 + r)2 – (2)2] × 0.4 = 176
⇒ p[4 + r2 + 4r – 4] × 0.4 = 176
3.5
176 × 7
⇒ r2 + 4r =
0.4 × 22
⇒ r2 + 4r = 140
2
⇒ r + 4r – 140 = 0
h = 15.5 – 3.5 = 12 cm ½ ⇒ (r + 14) (r – 10) = 0
l = 144 + 12.25 = 12.5 cm ½ ⇒ r = 10 m 1½
qqq
WORKSHEET-128
Solutions 4. Height of cylinder = 2.1 m
3
1. Here, h = 40 cm, circumference = 22 cm Radius of cylinder and cone = m 1
2
2pr = 22
22 × 7 Slant height of cone = 2.8 m
⇒ r = Surface area of tent
2 × 22
= C.S.A of cone + C.S.A. of cylinder.
7 ∴ Area of canvas required = πrl + 2πrh ½
⇒
r =
2 22 3 22 3
A = × × 2.8 + 2 × × × 2.1
= 3.5 cm 1 7 2 7 2
2. Diameter of sphere = Radius of hemisphere = (13.2 + 19.8) m2
= 33 m2 1
= 6 cm
Total Cost = 33 × 500 `
⇒ Radius of sphere = 3 cm
½ = 16,500 ` ½
4 5. Let the radius of hemisphere = r

V = πr 3 ½
3 l
\ Therefore, r = 1
2
4 22 3
= × ×3 3 cm . ½ Now, the required surface area
3 7 = Surface area of cubical block – Area of base of
= 113.14 cm3. ½ hemisphere + Curved surface area of hemisphere.
1
= 6(side)2 – pr2 + 2pr2
3. Here r + h = 37 and 2pr(r + h) = 1628 ½+½ l l
2 2
2
1628 = 6l - π   + 2 π   1
⇒ 2pr =  2   2
37
πl 2 π
= 6l 2 - + l2
⇒ r = 7 cm ½ 4 2
and h = 30 cm. ½ πl
2
= 6l 2 +
22 4
Hence volume of cylinder = × 7 × 7 × 30
7
1
Surface area = (24 + π)l 2 units. 1
= 4620 cm3. 1 4
qqq
WORKSHEET-129
Solutions 7
= 6 × 49 – 11 × + 77 ½
2
1. Diameter of hemisphere = Side of cubical block
2R = 7 = 332.5 cm2 ½
⇒ R =
2 2. Largest possible diameter = 10 cm.
Surface area of solid = Surface area of the Diameter of hemisphere = 10 cm 1
cube – Area of base ∴ Radius = 5 cm
of hemisphere + Total surface area = S.A. of Cube – Area of base of
curved surface area of hemisphere + C.S. area of hemisphere
hemisphere = 6l2 – pr2 + 2pr2
= 6l2 – πR2 + 2πR2 1 = 6l2 + pr2
S OLUT I ONS P-103

= 6 × (10)2 + 3.14 × (5)2 4. canal
= 678.8 cm2 1
678.5 × 5 3392.5 6 cm. depth = 1.5 m
Cost of Painting = =
100 100

= ` 33.925 = ` 33.93 1
8 cm
2 3
3. Volume of bowl = πr
3
Volume of liquid in bowl
2 ½
= π × (18 )3 cm 3 ½ Field
3 Water flows in 1 hr = 10 km
Volume of liquid after wastage 1 10
Water flows in hr =
2 90 2 2
= π × (18 )3 × cm 3 ½ = 5 km
3 100
= 5000 m
Volume of bottle = pr2h 1
Now volume of water flows in hr
Volume of liquid in 72 bottles = p × (3)2 × h 2
× 72 cm2 ½ = lbh 1
= 5000 × 6 × 1.5 m3
Volume of liquid in bottles = volume after

= 45000 m3. ½
wastage
According to the question,
2 90 1
p × (3)2 × h × 72 = π × (18 )3 × Volume of water in hr
3 100 2

2 90 8
π × (18 )3 × = area of field × m 1
⇒ h = 3 100 100
π × ( 3)2 × 72 8
⇒
45000 = Area×
= 5.4 cm. ½+1 100
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 45000×100
∴ Area =
= 562500
8
= 56.25 hectare. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-130
Solutions ∴
π(10)2h = 8 × 8 × 8
8×8×8×7
Total surface area of hemisphere 3πr 2 3π ∴ h = ½
1. = 2 = 22×10×10
Square of its radius r 1
= 1·629 cm.
∴ Total surface area of hemisphere : Square of [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
radius = 3p : 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1
3. Volume of cylinder = pr2h = p(3)2 × 5
= 45p cm3 ½
2. Let the height of water raised measured
2
= h cm ½ 1 1 3 8
Volume of conical hole = πr 2 h = π   ×
∴ Volume of water displaced in cylinder 3 3 2 9
= π(10)2h ½
2
Volume of cube = 8 × 8 × 8 cm3 ½ = p cm 3 1
3

2 133 p 630000 × 22 3
Metal left in cylinder = 45p - π = cm 3 = m
3 3 1000000 × 7

1 = 1.98 m3. 1
Required ratio = [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Volume of metal left 10
Volume of metal taken out 5. Radius of pipe = =.10 m ½
100
133 ∴ Radius of cylinder = 5 m 1
π
h = 2 m
= 3 = 133 : 2. ½
2 Volume of cylinder = πr2h
π
3 = π × 5 × 5 × 2
= 50π m3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] Volume of water in pi pe
4. Volume of water in cylinder = pr2h = πr2h
Volume of water in cylinder
= p × (60)2 × 180
π × (10)2 × h = 50π
= 648000p cm3 1
50
1 ⇒ h =
Volume of solid cone = πr 2 h 0.10×0.10
3
= 5000 m 1½
1 Now, 3000 m water flows in 60 minutes
= π × ( 30 )2 × 60
3 60
1 ,, ,, ,, =
= 18000p cm3 1 3000

Volume of water left in cylinder 60
5000 ,, ,, ,, = ×5000 1
= 648000p – 18000p 3000
= 630000p cm3 = 100 minutes.
qqq
WORKSHEET-131
Solutions 3. Volume of water collected in cylindrical vessel
4 7
= × π × (1)2 ×   m 3 1
1. Side of the cube, a = 3 8 = 2 cm 5 2
Now the length l of cuboid 44 3
= m 1
= 4 cm 5

breadth, b = 2 cm
Let the rainfall is h m.
height, h = 2 cm
Rain water from roof = 22 × 20 × h m3
Surface area of cuboid = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
44
½ ⇒ 22 × 20 × h =
5
= 2(4 × 2 + 2 × 2 + 2 × 4)
= 2 × 20 = 40 cm2 ½ 44 1 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ⇒ h = × = m
5 22 × 20 50
2. Length of the cuboid so formed = l cm 1
= 1 × 100 = 2 cm
∴ l = 5 + 5 = 10 cm, b = 5 cm ; h = 5 cm.
50
Surface area = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
= 2(10 × 5 + 5 × 5 + 5 × 10) 4. Height of cylindrical pipe “h” = 21 dm
= 2(50 + 25 + 50) = 210 cm
= 2 × 125 10
= 250 cm2. 1 External Radius “R“ = = 5 cm
2
S OLUT I ONS P-105

6 5. R = 8 cm, r = 6 cm
Internal Radius “r” = = 3 cm 1
2
Volume of copper used in making the pipe =
(Volume of External Cylinder) – (Volume of
Internal Cylinder)
= pR2h – pr2h 1 ½
= ph (R2 – h2) Surface area = 2πR2 + 2πr2 + π(R2 – r2) 1
= π[128 + 72 + 28]
22
= × 210( 52 − 32 ) = 228 × 3.14 2
7
= 715.92 cm2
22 ∴ Total cost = 715.92 × 5 = ` 3579·60. ½
= × 210 × 8 × 2
= 10560 cm3. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] qqq
WORKSHEET-132
Solutions 4 22 7 7 7
= 7 × 7 × 7 – × × × ×
3 7 2 2 2
1.  Whole surface of each part
= 7 × 7 (7 – 11/3)
= 2pr2 + pr2 = 3pr2 ½
∴ Total surface of two parts  21 − 11 
= 7 × 7  
= 3pr2 + 3pr2 = 6pr2 ½  3 
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = 7 × 7 ×10/3 1
2. Given, TSA of hemisphere = 462 cm2. 490
=
(i.e.), 3πr2 = 462 ½ 3
22 462 = 163.3 cm3.
⇒ ×r 2 =
7 3
4. Since a cone, a hemisphere and a cylinder are on
2 462×7 equal bases.
⇒ r = = 49
22×3 Let the radius of each of them be r and height also
be equal to r.
⇒ r = 7 cm. ½ 1
2 3 Then volume of cone, V1 = πr 2 h
∴ Volume of hemisphere = πr ½ 3
3 1
= πr 2 × r 1
2 22 3
= × ×7 ×7 ×7
3 7 1
= πr 3
3
2156
=
3 2
Volume of hemisphere, V2 = πr 3 1
= 718.67 cm3. ½ 3
Volume of cylinder, V3 =pr2h = pr2.
3. Side of cube a = 7 cm
r = pr3 1
The diameter of the largest possible
Ratio in their volumes
sphere is 7 cm same as side of cube 1 2 3
V1 : V2 : V3 = πr 3 : πr 3 : πr 3
Radius = 7/2 cm. 1 3 3 3
Volume of the wood left = volume of cube – volume = 1 : 2 : 3 1
of sphere [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
4
= a3 – pr3 1
3
qqq
WORKSHEET-133
Solutions = 625 = 25 m.
C.S.A. = πrl
1. Here r = 7 cm, h = 10 cm,
Volume of cylinder = pr2h 22 2
= ×7 ×25 = 550 m . 1
22 7
= × (7 )2 × 10
7 Let x m of cloth is required C.S.A.
= 1540 cm3 1 = area of cloth.
2. Given, radius and height = 7 m & 24 m. ⇒ 5x = 550 ⇒ x = = 110 m.
5
Slant height (l) = r 2 + h2 = 7 2 + 24 2 ∴ 110 m of cloth is required.

Cost of cloth = 25 × 110 = ` 2750. 1
3.
4. Volume of water flowing through pipe in 1 sec π × (40)2 × h = π × (1)2 × 0.4 × 100 × 30 × 60 ½
= πR2H Rise in water level
= π × (1)2 × 0.4 × 100 cm3 1 π ×(1)2 ×0.4 ×100×30×60
Volume of water flowing in 30 min (30 × 60 sec) h =
π ×40×40
= π × (1)2 × 0.4 × 100 × 30 × 60 1 = 45 cm.

Volume of water in cylindrical tank in 30 min ∴ Level of water in the tank is 4·5 cm. 1
= πr2h qqq
= π × (40)2 × h ½
WORKSHEET-134
Solutions 2. Each one of the plate is also a cylinder.
Its volume is,
1. 2 V = πr2h = π × (·75)2(·2)
 r
π×  h 9π
Volume of reduced cylinder  2 = cm3. 1
=
Volume of original cylinder πr 2 h 80
The right circular cylinder has volume
1
1 = =1:4 π
4 V = π(2·25)2(10) = 405 cm3.
8

S OLUT I ONS P-107

405 π = 44 × 13
= 572 cm2. 1
8
∴ Number of plates = = 450 plates. 1
9π 4. 44 cm
80
18 cm 18 cm
3.
44 cm
13 cm
6 cm
18 cm
14 cm
14
Radius of hemisphere =
= 7 cm
2 The paper is rolled along length, therefore, 44 cm
Height of cylinder = 13 – 7 = 6 cm forms the circumference of base of cylinder 1
T.S.A. of vessel = S.A. of hemisphere ∴ 2πr = 44
⇒ r = 7 cm
+ S.A. of cylinder
∴ Volume of the cylinder
= 2πr2 + 2πrh 1
22
= 2πr(r + h) = πr2h = × (7 )2 × 18 1
7
22
= 2× ×7(7 + 6) 1 = 2772 cm3. 2
WORKSHEET-135
Solutions 2
= πr 2 h 1
3
1. Let the length, breadth and height of the cuboid is
2 22
l, b and h respectively. = × ×0.7 ×0.7 ×2.4
3 7
h
2·4 cm
b
l
X = l × b
Y = b × h 1.4 cm ½
= 44 × 0.1 × 0.7 × 0.8
Z = l × h = 4.4 × .56 = 2.464 cm3. ½
XYZ = l2 b2 h2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
Volume of cuboid = l × b × h
3. Let the radii of two cylinders be 2x and 3x and their
∴ l2 b2 h2 = XYZ
heights be 5y and 4y respectively. ½
⇒ lbh = XYZ
1 Ratio of their curved surface areas
2 π ×2 x ×5 y 5
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = = 1
2 π ×3 x ×4 y 6
2. Volume of remaining solid Q Their curved surface areas are in the ratio of 5 : 6.
=Volume of cylinder π ×(2 x )2 ×5 y
– Volume of cone ½ ∴ Ratio of their volumes = 1
π ×(3 x )2 ×4 y
1
= πr h - πr 2 h
2
5×4
3 =

4 ×9
5 Slant height of cone, l = h2 + r 2
= ½
9
i.e., their volumes are in the ratio of 5 : 9. = 12 2 + 3.5 2 = 12.5 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] Total surface area of the toy = Surface area of
hemisphere + Curved surface area of cone
4. = 2πr2 + πrl 1
2
= 2×
227
× 
12 cm 7 2
15.5 cm 22 7
+ × ×12.5
7 2
= 214.5 cm2. 1
3.5 cm

qqq
TOPIC-2
Problems Involving Converting One Type of Metallic Solid
into Another
WORKSHEET-136
Solutions N = 648
1. Let the radius of spherical ball = R.
Volume of spherical ball = Volume of three balls
4 4 3. Let the water level raised in cylindrical vessel be
π R3 = π [(3)3 + (4)3 + (5)3] h cm
3 3
Volume of Sphere = Volume of water displaced in
⇒ R3 = 27 + 64 + 125 cylinder ½
⇒ R3 = 216 4 3 2
⇒ R = 6 cm 1 π(3) = π(6) h 1
3
2. Volume of cylinder = Volume of Balls
4
4 3 × 27 = 36h
R2 × H = × r × N 1 3
3
36 = 36h
4 7 7 7 h = 1 cm ½
3.5 × 3.5 × 14 = N × × × × 1
3 12 12 12 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
5.
½
1
S OLUT I ONS P-109

5. Given, depth of well = 21 m Volume of platform = l × b × h
6 = 27 × 11 × h 1
Radius of well = =3m
2 Volume of plateform = Volume of earth dugout
Volume of earth dugout from the well = pr2h 27 × 11 × h = 594 1
22 594 594
= × 3 × 3 × 21 ⇒ h = =
7 27 × 11 297

= 594 m3 1 ∴ Height of the platform, h = 2 m. 1
Let the height of the platform = h m. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
WORKSHEET-137
Solutions ⇒ 4r13 = 36 × 24 ½
⇒ r13 = 63
1. No. of spheres = 12 ⇒ r1 = 6
Radius of cone, r = 1 cm Hence, radius of sphere
Height of the cone = 48 cm = 6 cm. 1
∴ Volume of 12 spheres = Volume of cone 4. Volume of cylinder = pr2h
Let the radius of sphere be R cm 22 42 42
= × × × 10 cm 3 ½
4 1 7 10 10
12 × π R3 = π r2h
3 3 = 554.40 cm3 ½

Volume of metal scooped out
4 1 4
⇒ 12 × π R3 = π × (1)2 × 48 = πr 3
3 3
3
⇒
R3 = 1 3
4 22  42 
⇒
R = 1 cm 1 = × ×  ½
3 7  10 
= 310.46 cm3 ½
2 Volume of rest of cylinder
2. Volume of coin = πr h = 554.40 – 310.46
22 22 7 7
= × (0.75)2 × 0.2 cm3 ½ × × × l = 243.94 cm3 ½
7 7 10 10
22
Volume of cylinder = × (2.25)2 × 10 cm3 ½
7
Volume of cylinder
No. of coins = ½
Volume of coin
10 cm.
 22 2 
 7 × ( 2.25) × 10 
=  
 22 2 
 × ( 0.75) × 0.2 
 7  4.2 cm.
= 450 ½

If l is the length of wire, then
pr2l = 243.94
3. Volume of sphere = Volume of cone
= 243.94 1
4 3 1
∴ πr1 = πr22 h ½ 243.94 × 10 × 10
3 3 ⇒ l =
22 × 7
4 3 24
× r1 = ( 6 )2 × = 158. 4 cm ½
3 3
qqq
WORKSHEET-138
Solutions 4 × 4.2 × 4.2 × 4.2
h =
3×6×6
1. Volume of sphere = Volume of cone
Hence, height of cylinder h = 2.744 cm. 1
Let the radius of cone be R cm.
4 3 1
∴ π r = π R2 × r
3 3 4. Volume of earth dug out = p × 2 ×2 × 21
⇒
3
4r = R r 2 = 264 m2 1
Volume of embankment = p(25 – 4) × h
⇒
R2 = 4r2
= 66h m3 1
⇒
R = 2r 1 \ 66h = 264 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ⇒ h = 4 ½
2. Volume of cylinder = Volume of sphere, ½
5. Diameter of spherical marble = 14 cm
πr2h = π
Radius r1 = 1.4/2 = 0.7 = 7/10 cm
where r and h are radius of base and height of
Diameter of cylindrical vessel = 7 cm
cylinder ½
Radius R = 7/2 cm
(0.5)2 h = 1 Let h be the rise in water level then
2
1 Volume of 150 spherical marbles =volume of water
 2  h = 1 rises
 
4 7 7 7 7 7 7
h = 4 cm. 1 ⇒ 100 × × π × × × = π× × × × h
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 3 10 10 10 2 2 2
4×7
⇒ h =
3. Volume of sphere = Volume of cylinder ½ 5
4 3 28
πR = πr2h ½
3 ⇒ =h
5
4 ⇒ h = 5.6 cm
× ( 4.2 )3 = 62 × h
3 The rise is the level of water, h = – 5.6 cm
qqq
TOPIC-3
Frustum
WORKSHEET-139
Solutions Slant height of the frustum
= h2 + d 2
1. 8 cm
(16 )2 + (12 )2
=
= 256 + 144
16 cm
h l = 400
= 20 cm. 1
d
12 cm
20 cm
S OLUT I ONS P-111

2. Here, l = 26 cm, upper radius = 18 cm, Total surface area of frustum
lower radius = 8 cm = π[R2 + r2+ l (R + r)]
d = difference in radius = 18 – 8 = 10 cm.
Let h be the height of bucket 22
= [(6)2 + (2)2 + 8.944 (6 + 2)]
∴ h = 2
l -d 2 7

22
= ( 26 )2 - (10 )2 = [36 + 4 + 71.552]
7
22
= 676 - 100 = × 111.552
7
= 576 = 24 cm. 1
= 350.59 cm2. 1
3. Let r be the radius of the top., h = 12 – 4 = 8 cm 4. Here R = 20, r = 12, V = 12308.8

4 12 1
= 12308.8 = × 3.14 (400 + 240 + 144) h 1
r 6 3
∴ r = 2 cm ½ ⇒
h = 15 cm ½
l = h 2 + ( R - r )2 l = ( 20 - 12 )2 + 15 2 = 17 cm ½

= ( 8 )2 + ( 6 - 2 )2 Total area of metal sheet used = CSA + base area

= π [(20 + 12) × 17 + 12 × 12] 1
= 64 + 16 = 80 = 2160.32 cm2 1
= 4 5 = 4 × 2.236 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

= 8.944 cm ½ qqq
WORKSHEET-140
Solutions 2. Surface area of block
HOTS & Value Based Answers 22 3.5 3.5 22 3.5 3.5
= 216 − × × +2× × × 1+½+½
1. Ratio of volumes 7 2 2 7 2 2
4 3 = 225.625 cm2. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1

Volume of Ist sphere πr
Volume of IIndsphere
= 3 Alternative Method :
4 3
πR Area of six faces of cube = 6a2
3
= 6(6)2
8
= = 216 cm2 1
27
Area of circular part covered by hemisphere
r 2 = pr2
⇒
= 2
R 3 22  3.5 
= × 
3 7  2 
∴ R = r
2 = 9.625 cm2 1
Area of curved surface of hemisphere
3 
∴ (R – r) : r =  r − r  : r = 2pr2
2  2
22  3.5 
r = 2×  
= :r = 1: 2 1  
2 7 2

= 19.25
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] \ Required area = 216 – 9.625 + 19.25 cm2
= 225.625 cm2. 1
3.
½
qqq
WORKSHEET-141
Solutions (i) AC2 = 202 + 152 = 625
HOTS & Value Based Answers ⇒
AC = 25 cm
1. (ii) ar (DABC) = ar (DABC)
A
A 1 1
× BC × AB = × AC × BD
2 2
20 ⇒ 15 × 20 = 25 × BD
20
⇒ BD = 12 cm 1
20
D Volume of double cone
12 D 12 = Volume of upper cone + Volume of lower cone
E B 1 1
= π( BD )2 × AD + π( BD )2 × CD
15 3 3
B C 15
15 1 1
= π( BD ) {AD+CD} = π( BD )2 ( AC )
2
C 3 3
S OLUT I ONS P-113

1 Mass of the pole = 111532.8 × 8 g
= ×3.14 ×144 ×25 = 3768 cm 2 1
3 = 892.2624 kg. 1
Surface area = C.S.A. of upper cone [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
+ C.S.A. of lower cone 3. Volume of wheat in the form of cone
= π(12)(20) + π(12)(15) 1 22
= × ×3×3×3·5
= 12π{20 + 15} 3 7

= 12 × 3.14 × 35
= 11 × 3 = 33 m2 1
= 1318.8 cm2. 1
2 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016, 2012] l = 3 + 3.5 = 4.609 m 1
2. Radius of lower cylinder = R = 12 cm Canvas required to cover the heap

Radius of upper cylinder = r = 8 cm = πrl
Height of upper cylinder = h = 60 cm
22
Height of lower cylinder = H = 220 cm = × 3 × 4.609
7
Volume of solid iron pole = πR2H +πr2h 1
= 3.14 × (12)2 × 220 = 43.45 m2. 1
+ 3.14 × (8)2 × 60
= 111532.8 cm3 1 qqq
WORKSHEET-142
Solutions Volume of water flows out
1 200 50
HOTS & Value Based Answers = × π= π cm 3 1
4 3 3
1. Volume of the milk container =Volume of frustum
Let the radius of one spherical ball be r cm 1½
1 4 3 50
= πh[ R 2 + r 2 + Rr ] ∴ πr × 100 = π
3 3 3

1 50 1
= π × 30( 40 2 + 20 2 + 40 × 20 ) r3 = =
3 4 × 100 8

= 10p (1600 + 400 + 800) 1 1
⇒ r = = 0.5 cm 1
22 2
= 10 × × 2800
= 88000 cm3

= 88 litre 1 3.
880 h
Number of containers needed = = 10
88 r1
30 cm
Cost of milk = ` 88 × 10 × 35
= ` 30800
Volume : Helping the flood victims. 1
r
½
r1 h 30 × r1
2. Volume of water in cone = ⇒h= 1
r 30 r
1 2
πr h = 1 2
3 πr × h 1
3 1 =
1 1 2 27
= π × ( 5 )2 × 8 πr × 30
3 3
=
200
π cm 3 ½ r12 × 30 × r1 1
or = 1½
3 r 3 × 30 3

r1 1 ⇒ h = 10 cm 1
\ = \ The section is made 20 cm above base.
r 3
qqq
WORKSHEET-143
Solutions 2.
E A F
1.
2 cm 2 cm 2 cm
1.5 cm
B C
8 cm
1.5 cm
2 cm 2 cm H G
P ½

Let
BPC is a hemisphere and ABC is a cone.
3 Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cone
(i) Here, radius of two cones and cylinder= cm 4
2 = = 2 cm
2
= 1.5 cm
h = Height of cone = 2 cm
Height of each cone = 2 cm
2 3 1 2
∴ Height of cylindrical portion = 12 – 2 – 2 = 8 cm Volume of toy = πr + πr h
3 3
∴ Volume of the air = Volumes of cylindrical part 2 1
= × 3.14 × 2 3 + × 3.14 × 2 2 × 2
+2 × Volume of cone 3 3
1 = 25.12 cm3 ...(i)
= p(1.5)2 × 8 + 2 π(1.5)2 ×2 1 Let right circular cylinder EFGH circumscribe the
3 given solid toy. 1½
22  4 Radius of cylinder = 2 cm,
= ×(1.5)2  8 +  Height of cylinder = 4 cm
7  3
Volume of right circular cylinder = πr2h
22 28 = 3.14 × (2)2 × 4 cm3 ...(ii)
= ×2.25× 1
7 3 = 50.24 cm3 1

= 66 cm3.
∴ Required volume = Volume of cylinder
(ii) Volume (Mensuration). ½ – Volume of toy
(iii) Sincerity. ½ = 50.24 – 25.12
= 25.12 cm3. 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-115

SECTION
CHAPTER
14
B STATISTICS
TOPIC-1
Mean, Median and Mode
WORKSHEET-144
Solutions 2. Given,
Mode = 50.5
1. Given, Median = Mean + 3 Median = 45.5
Also, we know that, 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean
Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean ⇒ 3 × 45.5 = 50.5 + 2 Mean
= 3 (Mean + 3) – 2 Mean
136.5 − 50.5
⇒ Mode = Mean + 9 ⇒ Mean =
Hence Mode exceeds Mean by 9. 2
= 43
3.
xi - a
C.I. fi xi ui = fiui
h
20 – 30 8 25 –2 – 16
30 – 40 6 35 –1 –6
40 – 50 x 45 = a 0 0
50 – 60 11 55 1 11
60 – 70 y 65 2 2y
Total Σfi = 25 + x + y Σfiui = 2y – 11

Σfi ui
Mean = ×h+a
Σfi
2 y − 11
⇒
48 = × 10 + 45 1
50
⇒ 15 = 2y – 11
⇒ y = 13
Also Σfi = 25 + x + y = 50 1
⇒ x + y = 25
⇒ x = 25 – 13 = 12
\ x = 12 and y = 13 [CBSE Marking Scheme 2016] 1
4.
C.I. xi ui fi fiui
35 – 40 37.5 –5 1 –5
40 – 45 42.5 –4 2 –8
45 – 50 47.5 –3 3 –9
50 – 55 52.5 –2 x – 2x
55 – 60 57.5 –1 y –y
60 – 65 62.5 =A 0 6 0
65 – 70 67.5 1 8 8
70 – 75 72.5 2 4 8
75 – 80 77.5 3 2 6
80 – 85 82.5 4 3 12
85 – 90 87.5 5 2 10
Total Sfi =31 + x + y Sfiui = 22 – 2x – y 2
Here, Σfi = 31 + x + y = 40
⇒ x + y = 9 ...(i)
Σfiui = 22 – 2x – y
Σf u
\ Mean = A + i i × h 1
Σfi

( 22 − 2 x − y )
⇒ 63.5 = 62.5 + ×5
40
⇒ 2x + y = 14 ...(ii)
Solving eqns (i) and (ii), x = 5 and y = 4. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-145
Solutions
1.
C.I. 1400 – 1550 1550 – 1700 1700 – 1850 1850 – 2000
f 8 15 21 8
c.f. 8 23 44 52
Σf
= 26 ⇒ Median class = 1700 – 1850 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
2
2.
Modal class is 30 – 35, l = 30, f1 = 25, f0 = 10, f2 = 3. By short-cut Method (any method) For making
7, h = 5 correct table A = 187.5
 f1 - f0  ∑ fiui = – 12; N = 50, h = 25
Mode = l +  2 f - f - f  × h ∑ fi yi
1 0 2 Mean = A + ×h
N
25 - 10
⇒ Mode = 30 + ×5 −12
50 - 10 - 7 ⇒ Mean = 187.5 +
× 25
50
=
30 + 2.27 or 32.27 approx. = 187.5 – 6 = 181.5.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 3
S OLUT I ONS P-117

By short-cut Method (any method) A = 187.5
ui = xi - a
Class-Interval Frequency
xi fiui
Height (in cm) fi h
50 – 75 5 62.5 –5 – 25
75 – 100 6 87.5 –4 – 24
100 – 125 3 112.5 –3 –9
125 – 150 4 137.5 –2 –8
150 – 175 3 162.5 –1 –3
175 – 200 7 187.5 0 0
200 – 225 5 212.5 1 5
225 – 250 4 237.5 2 8
250 – 275 8 262.5 3 24
275 – 300 5 287.5 4 20
∑ fi = 50 ∑ fiyi = –12
Here, ∑ fiui = – 12; N = 50, h = 25
∑ fi yi
Mean = A + ×h
N
−12
Mean = 187.5 + × 25 = 187.5 – 6 = 181.5 1
50
4.
xi − a
C. I. fi c.f. xi ui = fiui
n
05–07 70 70 6 –3 –210
07–09 120 190 8 –2 –240
09–11 32 222 10 –1 –32
11–13 100 322 12 0 0
13–15 45 367 14 1 45
15–17 28 395 16 2 56
17–19 5 400 18 3 15 2
Σf= 400 Σfiui = – 366
a = Assumed mean = 12
Σfi ui
Mean, x = a + ×h
Σfi
- 366
Mean = 12 + × 2 = 10.17
400
∑f
= 200 ⇒ Median class = 09 – 11
2
n 
- c. f .

Median = l +  2 
×h
f 
 
 
200 - 190
⇒
Median = 9 + × 2 = 9.63 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2
32
qqq
WORKSHEET-146
Solutions
1.
C.I. 5 – 10 10–15 15–20 20–25
f 7 15 6 2

2. Writing the data as discrete frequency distribution, 3. Here, maximum frequency = 9, hence modal
we get class is 60 – 90 1
xi fi  f1 − f0 
13 1 Mode = L + h  
 2 f −f −f1 0 2

15 3
Here, L = 60, f1 = 9, f0 = 6, f2 = 6 and h = 30.
17 1
 9−6 
18 3 \ Mode = 60 + 30  1
 2 × 9 − 6 − 6 
20 3
λ 1 30 × 3
= 60 +
25 3 6 = 60 + 15
For 20 to be mode of the frequency distribution,
= 75
λ = 20. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
4.
xi − a
C. I. xi fi ui = fiui
n
40–44 42 4 –3 –12
44–48 46 6 –2 –12
48–52 50 10 –1 –10
52–56 54 14 0 0
56–60 58 10 1 10
60–64 62 8 2 16
64–68 66 6 3 18
68–72 70 2 4 8
Σf= 60 Σfiui = 18
2
Let a = Assumed mean = 54
Σfi ui
Mean, x = a + ×h
Σfi
18
Mean = 54 + × 4 = 55.2
60
Maximum frequency = 14 ⇒ Modal class = 52 – 56, l = 52, f1 = 14, f0 = 10, f2 = 10, h = 4

14 - 10
Mode = 52 + × 4 = 54 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2
28 - 10 - 10
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-119

WORKSHEET-147
Solutions
1.
3.
Height Frequency c.f. Expenditure f (families) c.f.
140 – 145 5 5 0–1000 150 150

145 – 150 15 20 1000–2000 200 350
150 – 155 25 45 2000–3000 75 425
155 – 160 30 75 3000–4000 60 485
160 – 165 15 90 4000–5000 15 500
165 – 170 10 100 Sf = 500
Sf = 100 N
N = 500, = 250
½ 2
N = 100 Median class = 1000 – 2000,

N
N 100 - c. f .
⇒ = = 50 ½ Median = l + 2 ×h
2 2 f

Hence, Median class is 155 – 160.
250 - 150
= 1000 + × 1000
200
Σfx
2. Mean =
Σf = 1000 + 500 = 1,500 3
∴ Median Expenditure = ` 1500/week.

Σfx
⇒
50 =
100 f1 - f0
4. Mode = l + × h 1
⇒ Σfx = 5000 2 f1 - f0 - f2
Correct, Σfx' = 5000 – 100 + 110 ½
33 - 31
= 5010 = 45 + × 10 1
66 - 31 - 17
5010
\ Correct Mean = 2
100 = 45 + × 10 1
18
= 50.1 ½
Median will remain same i.e. median = 52 = 46.1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-148
Solutions
1. ∑ fi x i
Mean =
xi fi f ix i ∑ fi
3 3 9 200
= = 6.67 2
30
4 4 16
5 8 40
7 5 35
10 10 100
Total ∑fi = 30 ∑fixi = 200
f1 − f0
2. Height Frequency c.f. Mode = l + × h 1
2 f1 − f0 − f2
100 – 120 12 12
120 – 140 14 26 95 - 41
= 11 + ×2
140 – 160 8 34 190 - 41 - 36
160 – 180 6 40 54
= 11 + ×2
180 – 200 10 50 113
Total 50 \
Mode = 11 + 0.95 = 11.95
N 50
Here, N = 50 ⇒ = = 25 Now, let us calculate Mean :
2 2
Age xi fi f ix i

So, Median Class = 120 – 140
5–7 6 67 402
N  7–9 8 33 264
- c. f .
 2 
Median = l +   ×h 9–11 10 41 410
f
 
  11–13 12 95 1140
13–15 14 36 504
 25 - 12 
= 120 +  × 20 15–17 16 13 208
 14 
17–19 18 15 270
260
= 120 + Σfi= 300 Σfixi = 3,198
14
= 120 + 18.57 ∑ fi xi
Mean = x = 1
\
Median = 138.57 ∑ fi

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 3 3, 198
=
3. Here, Modal class = 11 – 13 300
l = 11, f1 = 95, f0 = 41, f2 = 36, = 10.66 1

h=2
qqq
WORKSHEET-149
Solutions
1.
Here, Modal Class = 80 – 100
Class Interval Frequency l = 80, f1 = 18, f2 = 5, f0 = 12, h = 20
0 – 20 2  f1 - f0 
\
Mode = l +  ×h
20 – 40 2  1 - f0 - f2 
2 f
40 – 60 3
18 - 12 
= 80 +  × 20
60 – 80 12  36 - 12 - 5 
80 – 100 18
6
100 – 120 5 = 80 + × 20
19
120 – 140 2
= 80 + 6.31
Total 44
= 86.31 2
S OLUT I ONS P-121

2. A = Assumed mean = 35
Σfi ui
C.I. f ui fiui Mean = A + × 10
Σfi
0 – 10 5 –3 – 15
10 – 20 x –2 – 2x −2 x − 2
⇒
31.4 = 35 + × 10
42 + x
20 – 30 10 –1 – 10
30 – 40 12 0 0 ⇒ (2x + 2)10 = (42 + x)(3.6)

40 – 50 7 1 7 ⇒ 20x + 20 = 151.2 + 3.6x

16.4x = 131.2
50 – 60 8 2 16
\
x = 8
Total 42+ x – 2x – 2
3.
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative frequency

0 – 100 2 2
100 – 200 5 7
200 – 300 x 7+x
300 – 400 12 19 + x
400 – 500 17 36 + x
500 – 600 20 56 + x
600 – 700 y 56 + x + y
700 – 800 9 65 + x + y
800 – 900 7 72 + x + y
900 – 1000 4 76 + x + y
N = 100
2
Hence, 76 + x + y = 100
⇒
x + y = 100 – 76 = 24 ....(i)
Given, Median = 525,
⇒
Median class = 500 – 600
n
- c. f .
Now, Median = l + 2 ×h
f

 100 
 2 - ( 36 + x ) 
⇒ 525 = 500 +   × 100
 20 
 
⇒
25 = (50 – 36 – x) 5
25
⇒ (14 – x) = =5
5
⇒ x = 14 – 5 = 9 1
Substituting the value of x in equation (i),
y = 24 – 9 = 15 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-150
Solutions
1. 1000–1250 10 52
xi fi x if i 1250–1500 5 57
3 5 15

Here, N = 57
9 4 36 N 57
⇒
= = 28.5 3
15 1 15 2 2
21 6 126 Hence, median life time is 750 – 1000.
4.
27 4 108
C. I. f c.f.
Total ∑fi = 20 ∑ xifi = 300
0 – 175 10 10
∑ fi x i
Mean = 175 – 350 14 24
∑ fi
350 – 525 15 39
300
= = 15 2 525 – 700 21 60
20
2. 700 – 875 28 88
875 – 1050 7 95
Class-Interval Frequency
1050 – 1225 5 100 1
0 – 50 8
Σf 100
50 – 100 15 = = 50
2 2
100 – 150 32 \ Median class = 525 – 700
150 – 200 26 175
\ Median = 525 + × [50 – 39]
200 – 250 12 21
= 525 + 91.6
250 – 300 7 2
= 616.6
Total 100  f1 − f0 
Mode = L +  1
3.  2 f1 − f0 − f2 

Life time (in hours) Frequency c.f.
 28 − 21 
= 700 +  × 175 1
0–250 6 6  2 × 28 − 21 − 7 

250–500 10 16 7
= 700 + × 175
500–750 11 27 28
= 700 + 43.75
750–1000 15 42
= 743.75 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-151
Solutions N 60
Here, = =30
2 2
1.
So, Median class = 20 – 30
Marks No. of c.f.
students l = 20, f = 30, c.f. = 20, h = 10
0 – 10 5 5 N 
- c. f .
10 – 20 15 20  2 
Median = l +   × h 1
20 – 30 30 50 f
 
 
30 – 40 8 58
40 – 50 2 60  30 − 20 
= 20 +   × 10
N = 60  30 
S OLUT I ONS P-123

100 10 = 20 + 3.33
= 20 + = 20 + \
Median = 23.33 1
30 3
2.
xi - a
C.I. fi xi ui = fiui
h
10 – 30 15 20 –2 – 30
30 – 50 18 40 –1 – 18
50 – 70 25 60 = a 0 0
70 – 90 10 80 1 10
90 – 110 2 100 2 4
Total Σf = 70 Σfiui = – 34

a = 60
Σfi ui
Mean = a + ×h
Σfi
−34
= 60 + × 20
70
= 60 – 9.71
= 50.28
3. From table, Maximum frequency = 20.
So, Modal class = 40 – 50
Class-Interval c.f. No. of students Here, l = 40, f1 = 20, f2 = 11, f0 = 12, h = 10
0 – 10 7 7  f1 - f0 
Mode = l +  × h 1
10 – 20 21 14  2 f1 - f0 - f2 

20 – 30 34 13  20 - 12 
= 40 +  × 10
30 – 40 46 12  40 - 12 - 11 

40 – 50 66 20 8
50 – 60 77 11 = 40 + × 10
17
60 – 70 92 15
80
70 – 80 100 8 = 40 + = 40 + 4.7 = 44.7 1
17
2
qqq
WORKSHEET-152
Solutions
1.
Class 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70
Frequency 1 3 5 9 7 3
Cumulative Frequency 1 4 9 18 25 28
Median class : 40 – 50 ⇒ Lower limit = 40
Modal class : 40 – 50 ⇒ Upper limit = 50 1

Their sum = 40 + 50 = 90 1
2. According to the question, 165–170 12
Mode = 24.5
170–175 5
and Mean = 29.75
The relationship connecting measures of central Total 60
tendencies is : 1

3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean ½ Here, Modal Class = 160 –165
⇒ 3 Median = 24.5 + 2 × 29.75 l = 160, f1 = 20, f0 = 8, f2 = 12, h = 5
= 24.5 + 59.50 ½  f1 - f0 
⇒ 3 Median = 84.0 Mode = l +  ×h
 2 f1 - f0 - f2 
84
∴ Median = = 28 1
3  20 - 8 
= 160 +  ×5
3.  40 - 8 - 12 
Class- Interval Frequency  12 

= 160 +   × 5
 20 
150–155 15
= 163
155–160 8
∴ Modal height = 163 cm. 2

160–165 20
4.
Class xi (class mark) fi f ix i
0 – 100 50 12 600
100 – 200 150 16 2400
200 – 300 250 6 1500
300 – 400 350 7 2450
400 – 500 450 9 4050
Total 2 Σfi = 50 Σfixi = 11,000
Σxi fi 11000
Mean = = 1
Σfi 50

= 220
∴
Average daily income = ` 220 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-153
Solutions
1. Modal class = 20 – 30 2. From the table,

Here, l = 20, f1 = 40, f0 = 24, f2 = 36, h = 10 ½ 12 + a = 25
( f1 - f0 ) ⇒ a = 25 – 12 = 13 ½
Mode = l + ×h 25 + 10 = b
2 f1 - f0 - f2
½ ⇒ b = 35, ½
( 40 - 24 ) b + c = 43
= 20 + × 10 ½
80 - 24 - 36 ⇒ c = 43 – b = 43 – 35 = 8 ½
and 48 + 2 = d
16 × 10
= 20 + = 28 ⇒ d = 50
20
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ½
S OLUT I ONS P-125

f1 − f0 25 - 15
3. Mode = l + × h 1 = 50 + × 10
2 f1 − f0 − f2 50 - 15 - 15

Here, Modal Class = 50 – 60 10
= 50 + × 10
20
l = 50, f1 = 25, f0 = 15, f2 = 15, h = 10
= 50 + 5
= 55. 2
4. Let assumed mean, A = 649.5 and h = 100
Life time xi - a
xi ui = fi fiui
(in hrs) h
399.5 – 499.5 449.5 –2 24 – 48
499.5 – 599.5 549.5 –1 47 – 47
599.5 – 699.5 649.5 0 39 0
699.5 – 799.5 749.5 1 42 42
799.5 – 899.5 849.5 2 34 68
899.5 – 999.5 949.5 3 14 42
Total Σfi = 200 Σfiui =57
 Σfi ui 
∴ Mean, x = A +  × h 1
 Σfi 

57
× 100 = 649.5 +
200
= 649.5 + 28.5
= 678 1
\ Mean life time of a bulb is 678 hours.
qqq
WORKSHEET-154
Solutions
1. Modal class = 35 – 40
Here, l = 35, f1 = 50, f2 = 42, f0 = 34, h = 5 ½
( f1 - f0 )
Mode = l + ×h ½
2 f1 - f0 - f2

50 - 34
= 35 + ×5 ½
100 - 34 - 42
16 × 5
= 35 + = 38.33 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ½
24
2. From the cumulative frequency distribution,

15 + x = 28
⇒ x = 28 – 15 = 13 1
and 43 + 18 = y
⇒ y = 61 1
Hence, x = 13 and y = 61 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
3. Here,
Modal class is 6000 – 8000
f0 = 8, f1 = 10 f2, = 2, h = 2000
 f1 − f0 
\
Mode = L +  ×h 1
 1 − f0 − f2 
2 f

10 − 8 
= 6000 +  × 2000
 20 − 8 − 2 

2
= 6000 + × 2000
10
= 6000 + 400
= 6400 2
4.
xi
fi f ix i
(Class marks)
15 12 180
45 21 945
75 x 75x
105 52 5460
135 y 135y
165 11 1815
Total Σfi = 150 Σfixi = 8400 + 75x + 135y
1
x + y = 54
Σf x
\ x = i i
Σfi

⇒ 91 = 8400 + 75x + 135 y

150
⇒
13650 = 8,400 + 75x + 135y
⇒ 75x + 135 y = 5250

⇒
5x + 9y = 350 ...(i) 1
From table, 96 + x + y = 150 ...(ii) 1
⇒ x + y = 54
Solving eqns. (i) and (ii), x = 34 and y = 20 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-155
Solutions
1.
Classes Frequency Less than c.f.
0 – 10 4 4
10 – 20 4 8
20 – 30 8 16
30 – 40 10 26
S OLUT I ONS P-127

40 – 50 12 38
50 – 60 8 46
60 – 70 4 50
Total N = 50 1
N 50
Here, = = 25
2 2
Hence, median class is 30 – 40. 1

f1 − f0
2. Mode Mode = l + × h 1
2 f1 − f0 − f2
Here Modal Class = 6 – 9

l1 = 6, f1 = 5, f0 = 4, f2 = 1, h = 3
5-4
Mode = 6 + ×3
10 - 4 - 1
1
= 6 + ×3
5

= 6 + 0.6
= 6.6 2
3.
Classes f c.f.
5 – 10 2 2
10 – 15 12 14
15 – 20 2 16
20 – 25 4 20
25 – 30 3 23
30 – 35 4 27
35 – 40 3 30 2
Total ∑f = 30 = N
N
Since, = 15,
2
∴ Median class = 15 – 20
N 
 - c. f. 
Median = l +  2  × h 1
 f 
 
From table,
l = 15, N = 30, c.f. = 14, f = 2, h = 5
 15 - 14 
Median = 15 +  ×5
 2 

= 15 + 2.5
= 17.5 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-156
Solutions
1.
Age Number of Patients
Less than 20 60
Less than 30 102
Less than 40 157
Less than 50 227
Less than 60 280
Less than 70 300
2.
C. I. f c.f.
0 – 10 5 5
10 – 20 x x+5
20 – 30 20 x + 25
30 – 40 15 x + 40
40 – 50 y x + y + 40
50 – 60 5 x + y + 45
Sf = 60
From table N = 60 = x + y + 45
⇒
x + y = 60 – 45 = 15
Since, Median = 28.5 1
N 
 2 − c. f . 
 
Median = l + ×h
f

⇒ 28.5 = 20 +
[30 − ( x + 5)] × 10
20
25 − x
⇒ 8.5 = 1
2
⇒ 25 – x = 17 ⇒ x = 25 – 17 = 8
From (1), y = 15 – 8 = 7 1
3.
C.I. f c.f.
0 – 10 5 5
10 – 20 x 5+x
20 – 30 6 11 + x
30 – 40 y 11 + x + y
40 – 50 6 17 + x + y
50 – 60 5 22 + x + y 1
Here from table, N = 22 + x + y = 40
⇒
x + y = 18 ...(1)
Since, Median = 31,
S OLUT I ONS P-129

∴
N 
- c. f .
 2 
Median = l +   × h
 f

 20 - (11 + x ) 
⇒ 31 = 30 +  y
 × 10 1
 
( 9 - x ) × 10
⇒ 1 =
y

⇒
y = 90 – 10x
From (i), 10x + y = 90 ...(ii) 1
x + y = 18
– – –
(On subtraction) 9x = 72
72
⇒ x = =8
9

From (i), y = 18 – 8 = 10 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-157
Solutions
1.
xi fi x if i
1 1 1
3 2 6
5 1 5
7 5 35
9 6 54
11 2 22
13 3 39
Total 20 162 1
Σxi fi
Mean =
Σfi ½
� 162
⇒ x = = 8.1
20
∴ Mean number of plants per house is 8.1.
½
2.

Classes Frequency
0 – 20 17
20 – 40 5
40 – 60 7
2
60 – 80 8
80 – 100 13
Total 50
2
3.
xi - a
C.I. fi c.f. xi ui = fiui
h
100 – 120 12 12 110 –2 – 24
120 – 140 14 26 130 –1 – 14
140 – 160 8 34 150 0 0
160 – 180 16 40 170 1 6
180 – 200 10 50 190 2 20
Sf = 50 Sfiui = – 12 1

a = assumed mean = 150
Σfi ui
Mean x = a+ Σf × h
i
−12
= 150 + × 20
50
= 150 – 4.8 = 145.2

N 50
= = 25 1
2 2
⇒

l = 120, f = 14, c.f. = 12
N 
 2 − c. f . 
Median = l +  f  × h
 
 

 25 − 12 
= 120 +   × 20
 14 

= 120 + 18.57 138.57 1
Mode = 3 Medain – 2 Mean
= 3 × 138.57 – 2 × 145.2
= 415.71 – 290.4 = 125.31 1
Hence, mean = 145.2, median = 138.57, mode = 125.31. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2009]
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-131

TOPIC-2
Cumulative Frequency Graph
WORKSHEET-158
Solutions
1. Median. 1
2. Cumulative frequency distribution table (more than type) 1
Daily income of workers (in `) Number of workers

 More than or equal to 200 100 
 More than or equal to 300 88 
 
 More than or equal to 400 70 
1 1 1
 
 More than or equal to 700 0 
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2016]

3.
Age of student C.I. c.f. f
Less than 6 4–6 2 2
Less than 8 6–8 6 4
Less than 10 8 – 10 12 6
Less than 12 10 – 12 22 10
Less than 14 12 – 14 42 20
Less than 16 14 – 16 67 25
Less than 18 16 – 18 76 9
N = 78 2
Σf 76
=
2 2
= 38 1
\
80
70
60
50
40
3.8
30
20
13.6
10
0 1
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
qqq
WORKSHEET-159
Solutions
1.
Students c.f.
Less than 7 20
Less than 9 38
Less than 11 60
Less than 13 85
Less than 15 105
Less than 17 120
Less than 19 130 1
130
(19, 130)
120
(17, 120)
110
(15, 105)
100
90
(13, 85)
80
70
60 (11, 60)
50
40 (9, 38)
30
(7, 20)
1
20
10
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

This curve is the required cumulative frequency curve or an ogive of the less than type.
Here, N = 130,
N 130
So, = = 65 1
2 2

Now, we locate the point on the ogive whose ordinate is 65. The x-co-ordinate corresponding to this ordinate is 11.4.
Therefore, the required median on the graph is 11.4. 1
S OLUT I ONS P-133

2.
Apples c.f.
More than 50 160
More than 60 55
More than 70 39
More than 80 29
More than 90 10
More than 100 6
More than 110 2
Y
Cumulative Frequency
80
70
(50, 60)
60
(60, 55)
50
40 (70, 39)
30 (80, 29)
20
(90, 10)
10 (100, 6)
(110, 2)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 X 1
Number of Apples
This curve is the required cumulative frequency curve on an ogive of the ‘more than type’.
Here N = 60,
N 60
So = = 30 1
2 2
Now, we locate the point on the ogive whose ordinate is 30. The x-co-ordinate corresponding to this ordinate is 79.
Therefore, the required median on the graph is 79. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-160
Solutions
1.
x y
More than 10 100
More than 20 90
More than 30 75
More than 40 45
More than 50 13
More than 60 5
More than 70 0 2
‘More than’ ogive is shown below :
y
100 (10, 100)
90 (20, 90)
80
70 (30, 75)
Scale :
60 x-axis 1 cm = 10 units
Frequency
y-axis 1 cm = 10 units
50
(40, 45)
40
30
20
(50, 13)
10
(60, 5)
(70, 0)
x
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Marks
2.
More than c.f.
0 100
10 90
20 72
30 32
40 12 1
y
100
90
80
70
60
50
2
40
30
20
10
x
0 10 20 30 40
Class
S OLUT I ONS P-135

N 100
From graph, = = 50
2 2
Hence, Median = 25 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-161
Solutions
1.
Daily income (Classes) No. of workers (c.f.)
Less than 250 10
Less than 300 15
Less than 350 26
Less than 400 34
Less than 450 40
Less than 500 50 1
y
50
45
40
Scale :
Cumulat ive fr equency
35 x-axis 1 cm = 50 units
y-axis 1 cm = 5 units
30
25
20
15
10
x 2
250 300 350 400 450 500
Class limits
N 50
From graph, = = 25
2 2
Hence, Median daily income = ` 345. 1
2.
Less than c.f. More than c.f.

30 10 20 100
40 18 30 90
50 30 40 82
60 54 50 70
70 60 60 46
80 85 70 40
90 100 80 15 2
y
100 (20, 100)

(90, 10)
90 (30, 90) Less than ogive
80 (40, 82) (80, 85)
Cu mu l at i ve fr equ ency 70 More than ogive

(50, 70)
60 (70, 60)
(60, 54)
50
(60, 46)
40
(70, 40)
30
(50, 30)
20
(40, 18)
(80, 15)
10 (30, 10)
x
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
From the Graph, Median = 58

2
qqq
WORKSHEET-162
Solutions
1.
More than or equal to c.f.

0 60
10 55
20 46
30 36
40 24
50 16
60 9
70 4
More than ogive is as shown below : 2
y
(0, 60) Scale :

60 (10, 55) x -axis
1 cm = 10 unit
50 y -axis
(20, 46)
40
c.f. (30, 36)
30
(40, 24)
20 (50, 16)
10 (60, 9)
(70, 4) x
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
2
Lower Limits
S OLUT I ONS P-137

2.
Wages c. f.
More than 80 200
More than 100 180
More than 120 150
More than 140 130
More than 160 90 2
y
200 (80, 200)
190 Scale :
(100, 180) x-axis 2 cm = 10 units
180 y-axis 1 cm = 10 units
170
160
(120, 150)
150 More than ogive
140
130 (140, 130)
120
110
100
90 (160, 90)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 2
80 100 120 140 160 x
Lower Lts
qqq
WORKSHEET-163
Solutions
HOTS & Value Based Questions n
1. We have,
and ∑ xi - 46n
= 70 ...(ii) 1
i=1
n n
∑ (xi - 50) = – 10 and ∑ (xi - 46) = 70 1 Subtracting (ii) from (i),
– 4 n = – 80
i =1 i =1
n
⇒ n = 20
∑ xi - 50n = – 10 ...(i) n
i =1

∑ xi – 50 × 20 = – 10
i =1
n n
⇒ ∑ xi = 990 ⇒ ∑ ( xi - x ) =nx –nx =0
i =1 i =1
n
1   990
n
\ Mean =  ∑ xi  = = 49.5 Hence, ∑ ( xi - x )
= 0 1
n  i =1  20 i = 1
Hence, n = 20 and mean = 49.5 1 3. (i)
n

2. To prove ∑ (xi – x )= 0 / algebraic sum of deviation No. of No. of
i =1 children famlies (fi) fi x i
from mean is zero (xi)
0 5 0
1  
n
We have, x =  ∑ xi  1 11 11
n  i =1 
2 25 50
n
3 12 36
n x = ∑ xi 1 4 5 20
i =1
5 2 10
n
Now, ∑ ( xi - x ) = (x1 – x ) + (x2 – x ) + ……… + Total ∑fi = 60 ∑fi xi = 127
i =1
∑ fi xi 1
(xn – x ) Mean =
∑ fi
n
⇒ ∑ ( xi - x ) = (x1 + x2 + ……… + xn) – n x 1 127

= = 2.12 approx. 1
i = 1 60
n n
⇒ ∑ ( xi - x ) = ∑ xi – n x (ii) Mean of ungrouped data. 1
i = 1 i = 1
(iii)
For progress, we should decrease population
growth. 1
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-139

SECTION
CHAPTER
15
B PROBABILITY
WORKSHEET-164
Solutions 3. S = {1, 2 ............... 80}
n(S) = 80 ½
1. S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64}
n(S) = 6
n(A) = 8 ½
A = {1, 2}
n( A ) 8
n(A) = 2 P(A) = n(S) =
80
n( A ) 2 1
∴ P(A) = = = 1 1
n(S) 6 3 = 1
10
2. Total No. of cases = 200
4.
No. of possible outcomes = 6 + 5
Favourable cases = 200 – 12 = 188
= 11 balls 1
188
∴ Required probability = p(not red) = 11 – 6 = 5
200
5
47 ∴ = 1
= 1 11
50
5.
6. Total number of cards = 48 Number of cards having a perfect square = 6

6 1
Probability of an event P(cards having a perfect square) = = 1
48 8
total number of favourable outcomes Number of multiples of 6 from 3 to 50 = 8
= 1 8 1
Total number of outcomess P(multiple of 6 from 3 to 50) = = 1
48 6
Number of cards divisible by 7 = 7
P(cards divisible by 7) = 1
48
qqq
WORKSHEET-165
Solutions P (sum of numbers appearing on two dice is 5)
4 1
1. Total number of cards = 52 = = .
36 9 1
Number of red cards = 26
5. Total cards = 49
Number of queens which are not red = 2
25
∴ Cards which are neither red nor queen (i) P(odd number) = 1
49
= 52 – [26 + 2] = 24 ½
9
24 6 (ii) P(multiple of 5) = 1
∴ Required Probability = = ½ 49
52 13
1
(iii) P(even prime) = 1
2. In the English language there are 26 alphabets. 49
Consonant are 21. The probability of chosen a
21 6. (i) Favourable outcomes are 1, 3, 5, 7 i.e. outcomes. 1
consonant = . [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
26 4 1
∴ P(an odd number) = or ½
8 2
3. Total cards = 30 (ii) Favourable outcomes are 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 i.e. 5 outcomes
Number divisible by 3 = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 1
30 = Total number 1
4 1
4. (i) Even numbers occur is (2, 2) (2, 4) (2, 6) (4, 2) (4, 4)
P(a number greater than 3) = or ½
8 2
(4, 6) (6, 2) (6, 4) (6, 6)
(iii) Favourable outcomes are 1, 2, 3...8
9 1 8

P (number of each die is even) = = P(a number less than 9) = = 1 1
36 4 8
(ii) Sum of numbers is 5 in (1, 4) (2, 3) (3, 2) (4, 1)
qqq
WORKSHEET-166
Solutions 3
5. (i) S = {HH, HT, TH, TT} (optional) 1
1. Possible outcomes are 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, i.e. 6. ½ 4
6 1 3
⇒ P(perfect square number) = or ½ (ii) 1
48 8 4

2. Total number of cases = 20 1
⇒ n(s) = 20 (iii)
4
A = favourable cases = {3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18} [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1
∴ n(A) = 8 ½ 6. Given, x = {1, 2, 3, 4}
n( A ) 8 2
∴ Required probability = P(A) = = = ½ ⇒
n(x) = 4 ½
n(S) 20 5

y = {1, 4, 9, 16}
5 1
3. (i) n(y) = 4 ½
26
21 Total number of possible products = 4 × 4 = 16. ½
(ii) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1
26 Products x.y which are less than 16 are {1 × 1, 1 × 4,
1 × 9, 2 × 1, 2 × 4, 3 × 1, 3 × 4, 4 × 1} 1
4. Possible outcomes as HH, TT, TH, HT
3 n (x.y) = 8 ½
(i) P(E1) = 1
4
8 1
2 1 ∴ Required probability =
= . 1
(ii) P(E2) = = 1 16 2
4 2
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-141

WORKSHEET-167
Solutions (i)
Exactly two heads = {HHT, HTH, THH}
n(P1) = 3
1. There are 365 days in a non-leap year. n( P1 ) 3
∴
P1 = = 1
Q 365 days = 52 weeks + 1 day n( s) 8
\ O
ne day can be M, T, W, Th, F, S, S =7 ½
1 (ii) At least two heads {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH}
\ P(53 Mondays in non-leap year) = ½
7 n(P2) = 4
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] n( P2 ) 4 1
P2 = = = 1
n( s) 8 2
2. Product of 6 are (1, 6); (2, 3); (6, 1); (3, 2)
(iii) At least two tails {TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}
No. of possible out comes = 4
n(P3) = 4
Total number of chances = 6 × 6 = 36
n( P3 ) 4 1
4 1 P3 = = = 1
P (Product of 6) = = n( s) 8 2
36 9
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1 5. (i) No. of cards remaining = 52 – 3 × 2
= 52 – 6 = 46
3. Total balls = 5 + 8 + 7 = 20 No. of red cards = 26 – 6 = 20 1
7
(i) P(white ball) = 20 10
20 P (a red colour) = =
46 23
7 13
P(not white) = 1 - = 1
20 20 (ii) No. of queen = 4 – 2 = 2

8 + 5 13 2 1
(ii) P(green or red) = = P (a queen) = =
20 20 46 23 1
13 (iii) No. of ace = 4
P(neither green nor red) = 1 -
20 4 2
P (as ace) = =
7 46 23
= . 1 1
20
(iv)
No. of face cards = 12 – 6 = 6
6 3
4. Sample space for three coins tossed is P (a face card) = = .
46 23 1
{HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
⇒ n(s) = 8
qqq
WORKSHEET-168
Solutions P( E ) = 1 – P(E)
5 6
= 1– = ½
1. Total number of points = 8 11 11

Total number of possible outcomes 3.
When two dice are thrown
= (1 × 8), (2 × 4), (8 × 1), (4 × 2) Possible outcomes = 36 1
No. of favourable outcomes If sum of both faces should be 10, they are,
\ P(Factor of 8) = ½
Total no. of possible outcomes
{(4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 5)} = 3
4 1 3 1
= = ½ ∴
P(E) = = 1
8 2 36 12
4. Total number of candles = 3 + 4 +5 = 12 ½
2. Q Probability of winning the game 3 1
5 P(candle is red) = = ½
P(E) = 12 4
11 ½
\ Probability of losing the game


P(candle is not red) = 1 – P (candle is red) n (s) = 8
1 4 −1 3 Same result on all the tosses (A) = {HHH, TTT}, 1
= 1 − = = 1
4 4 4 n (A) = 2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] 8-2 6 3
P (Ramesh will lose the game) = = = 1
8 8 4

5. S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
TTT}

6.
qqq
WORKSHEET-169
Solutions
1
3 2. P(impossible event) = = 0 1
1. Q P(E) = ∞
7
\
P(not E) = 1 – P(E)
3 3. Sample space S = GG, GB, BG, BB (optional) 1
= 1– 3
7 P(atleast one girl) = 1
4
4
= 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
7
S OLUT I ONS P-143

4. 366 days = 52 weeks + 2 days ½ 6 1
P (a total of 9 or 11) = or ½
2 days can be MT, TW, WTh, ThF, FS, SS, SM = 7 ½ 36 6
⇒
P = 1
7 6. Since all the black face cards are removed, the total
number of remaining cards = 46
(i) P(face card) = = 1
46 23
5. (i) Favourable outcomes are (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 5) (3, 2)
26 13
(3, 3) (3, 5) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 5) i.e. 9 outcomes. 1 (ii) P(red card) = = 1
46 23
9 1
P (a prime number on each die) = or ½ 20 10
36 4 (iii) P(black card) = = 1
46 23
(ii) Favourable outcomes are (3, 6) (4, 5) (5, 4) (6, 3) (5, 6) 2 1
(6, 5) i.e. 6 outcomes 1 (iv) P(king card) = = 1
46 23
qqq
WORKSHEET-170
Solutions x
P(blue ball) = 1
5+x
1. The numbers divisible by 2 and 3 both = 6, 12, 18,
24, = 4 x 5
4 ∴ =3 ⇒ x = 15 1
\ P(number divisible by 2 and 3) = 1 5+x 5+x
2. Prime numbers are = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29,
= 10 ½ 5. (i) Number of good shirts = 88 1
No. of possible outcomes = 30 88 22

P (Ramesh buys the shirt) = or ½
10 1 100 25
P(prime no.) = = ½
30 3 (ii) Number of shirts without Major defect = 96
1
96 24
3. Total number of outcomes = 36 ½ P (Kewal buys a shirt) = or ½
100 25
Favourable outcomes are (2, 6), (3, 5),
(4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2) = 5 1
5 6. No. of possible outcomes = 20 1
∴ Required probability = ½
36 (i) Total no. divisible by 2 or 3 = 6, 12, 18 =3
3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] P(divisible by 2 or 3) = 1½
20
4.
Let blue balls = x and red balls = 5 (ii) Prime numbers = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 = 8
∴
Total balls = 5 + x 8 2
P(a prime no.) = = 1½
5 20 5
P(red ball) =
5+x [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
WORKSHEET-171
Solutions 8 4
P(prime no. less than 23) = = ½
90 45
1. No. of possible outcomes = 90
Prime numbers less than 23 = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 2. P(E) = 0.20
= 8 ½ \ P(not E) = 1 – P(E)
= 1 – 0.20 6. Total number of cards = 65
= 0.80 1 4
(i) P (one digit number) = 1
(ii)
No. divisible by 5 = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45,
3. Possibilities are HH, HT, TH, TT 1
50, 55, 60, 65, 70
2 1
P(HH or TT) = = 1 = 13
4 2
13 1

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] P (a number divisible by 5) = = 1
65 5
4. Face cards = 12 (iii) Odd no. less than 30 = 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21,
40 10 23, 25, 27, 29
(i) P(non-faces) = = 1
52 13 = 12
12
2 1 P (an odd number less than 30) = 1
(ii) P(black king) = = 1
65
52 26
(iv) P (a composite number between 50 and 70)

15 3
9 = = 1
5. (i) P (single digit number) = 1 65 13
100

1
(ii) P (perfect square) = 1
10 qqq
7
(iii) P (a number which is divisible by 7) = 1
50
WORKSHEET-172
Solutions Probability of not purchasing pen
20 5
= = 1
1. Total outcomes = 6 144 36
Prime numbers = 2, 3, 5, = 3
3 1
P(prime no.) = = 1 4. Sample space = {1, 2, 3 ... 99, 100}
6 2
n(s) = 100 ½
(i) Number divisible by and perfect square are
2. Total number of possible outcomes = 62 = 36 ½ A = {9, 36, 81}
E : (doublets are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6) n(A) = 3 ½
Outcomes favourable to E = 6 ½ n( B) 3
∴ Required probability P(A) = = 1
∴ P(a doublet) n( s) 100
Number of outcomes favourable to E (ii) Prime numbers greater than 80 and less than 100 are
=
Total number of outcomes B = {83, 89, 97}
6 1 ∴ n(B) = 3
= 1 = n( B) 3
36 6 ∴ Required probability P(B) = = 1
n( s) 100
5. (i) Cards of spade or an ace = 13 + 3 = 16
3. Total no. of pens = 144 Total no. of cards = 52
Defective one = 20 16 4
Good ones = 144 – 20 = 124 P (spade or an ace) = = 1
52 13
Probability of purchasing pen
124 31 (ii)
Black kings = 2
= = 1 2 1
144 36 P (a black king) = = 1
52 26
S OLUT I ONS P-145

(iii) Jack or king = 4 + 4 = 8 (iv) King or queen = 4 + 4 = 8 1
52 - 8 44 11 8 2
P (neither jack nor a king) = = = 1 P (either a king or a queen) = =
52 52 13 52 13

qqq
WORKSHEET-173
Solutions 5. Perfect squares are 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100.
1. P(winning the game) = 0.08 9

(i) P(Perfect square) = 1½
P(losing the game) = 1 – 0.08 = 0.92 1 100
(ii) P(odd number not less than 70) = = 1½
2. Here, P(bad eggs) = 0.035 100 25
No. of bad eggs
P(bad eggs) =
Total no. of eggs

No. of bad eggs
0.035 =
400 20 − x  15 − x 
=2  ½
20  15 
\ No of bad eggs = 400 × 0.035
=14 1 x 2x
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ⇒ 1- = 2-
20 15
3. Let the number of blue balls = x
2x x
Total number of balls = x + 5 ⇒ − = 2 –1
15 20
Number of red balls = 5 1
8 x - 3x
x  5  ⇒ =1
∴ = 2 60
x+5  x + 5 
⇒ x = 10. 1 ⇒ 5x = 60

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] \ x = 12 ½
4. In a leap year number of days \ Blue ball = 12 and red ball = 3

= 366 days 3 1
= 52 weeks + 2 days (i) P(red ball) = = 1
15 5
∴ Two days can be SM, MT, TW, WTh, ThF, FS, SS = 7
1 12 4
(ii) P(blue ball) = = 1
∴ Out of these 7 calenders, two calenders will 15 5
have 53 Wednesdays
2 12 3
∴ P(53 Wednesdays in a leap year) = 1 (iii) P(blue ball if 5 red balls are added) = = 1
7 20 5

qqq
WORKSHEET-174
Solutions 2. Odd numbers = 1, 3, 5,
Numbers less than 4 = 1, 2, 3,
1. Q Bag contains only lemon flavoured candies. 4 2
\ P(orange flavoured candies) = 0 1 \ P(an odd no. or a no. < 4) = = 1
6 3
3. Since the red face cards are removed, (ii) The possible outcomes are :
∴ No. of card = 52 – 6 = 46 (2, 2); (2, 4); (2, 6); (4, 2); (4, 4); (4, 6); (6, 2); (6, 4); (6,
20 10 6) 9 1
(i) P(a red card) = = 1
46 23 9 1
∴ Required probability P(E1) = =
6 3 36 4 ½
(ii) P(a face card) = = 1
46 23 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
13 5. Total number of three digit numbers are : 459, 495,
(iii) P(a card of clubs) = 1 549, 594, 945, 954 = 6 1
46
2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] (i) P(multiple of 5) = = 1
6 3
4. Total possible outcomes : 36 6
(ii) P(multiple of 9) = =1 1
(i) The possible outcomes are (2, 3); (3, 2); (1, 4); (4, 1) 6
= 4 1 2 1
4 1 (iii) P(ending with 9) = = 1
∴ Required probability P(E) = = ½ 6 3
36 9
6.
1
qqq
WORKSHEET-175
Solutions
x 20 - x
2. (i) P(ball not red) = 1 - or 1
HOTS & Value Based Answes 20 20

1. Favourable outcomes = 5 (ii) Total number of balls = 24, red balls = x + 4
[|–2|, |–1|, |0|, |1|, |2|] < 3 1
x+4
Total outcomes = 9 1 P (red ball) = ½
24
5
P( |x| < 3) = 1
9 According to the question,
S OLUT I ONS P-147

x+4 5 x 4. (i) Total cards = 25
= = × 1
24 4 20 Number divisible by 3 = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 21, 24,
x = 8 ½ Number divisible by 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] Number divisible by 3 or 5 = 12 1
12
\ P(no. divisible by 3 or 5) =
a 25
3. For > 1, when a = 1, b can not take any value, a
b
(ii) Perfect square = 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 1
= 2, b can take 1 value, a = 3, b can take 2 values, a
5 1
= 4, b can take 3 values 2½ P(a perfect square no.) = =
When a = 5, b can take 4 values, a = 6, b can take 5 25 5 1
values. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Total Possible outcomes = 36 ½
a  1+ 2+3+ 4 + 5 15 5 qqq
\ P  > 1 = = or
b 36 36 12
WORKSHEET-176
Solutions 10
(iii) P(club) = ½
49
HOTS & Value Based Answes
1. When a dice is rolled twice, the total outcomes 10
(iv) P(diamond) = ½
= 36 1 49
25
∴ (i) P(5 will not come up either time) = 3
36 (v) P(Jack) = ½
49
(ii) [(1, 5), (2, 5) (3, 5) (4, 5) (5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 6)
(6, 5)]
10 5 4. (i) Total number of coins = 100 + 50 + 20 + 10
P(5 will come up exactly one time) = = 3 = 180 ½
36 18
∴ Total number of possible outcomes of a coin will
2. Number of red balls = 6 fall out = 180 ½
Let number of blue balls = x
Number of 50 p coins = 100
Total number of balls = 6 + x ∴ Number of favourable outcomes relating to fall
6 out of a 50 p coin = 100
P(red ball) = ½
6+x Now, P(of getting a 50 p coin)
x Number of favourable outcomes 100 5
1
P(blue ball) = = = =
6+x omes
Total number of possible outco 180 9 1

x 2×6
According to the question, = ½
6 + x 6 +x 10 17
(ii) P(not a ` 5 coin) = 1 – P(` 5 coin) = 1 - = ½
⇒ x = 12 180 18
∴ Number of blue balls = 12. 1
(iii) Probability ½
(iv)
Saving money for future. 1
3. Remaining cards = 52 – 3 = 49 ½ 3 1
13 5. (i) P (extremely patient) = = 1
(i) P(heart) = ½ 12 4
49
6+3 9 3
3 (ii) P (extremely kind or honest) = = = 1
(ii) P(king) = ½ 12 12 4
49
(iii) Extremely Honest. 1
qqq

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CHAPTER

S OLUT I ONS P-1

S OLUT I ONS P-3

S OLUT I ONS P-5

S OLUT I ONS P-7

S OLUT I ONS P-9

S OLUT I ONS P-11

3. 2x2 + 2x – 1 – 4x3 + 8x2 – 4kx 1

– 3x + 16 x2 – 18) 4x4 + x3 – 72x2 – 18x (4x2 + x 1

S OLUT I ONS P-13

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN

S OLUT I ONS P-15

Hence, system is consistent and dependent. –5

4. Given linear equation is 3x + 4y = 9 y'

S OLUT I ONS P-17

S OLUT I ONS P-19

S OLUT I ONS P-21

S OLUT I ONS P-23

1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

S OLUT I ONS P-25

S OLUT I ONS P-27

5. Let the speed while going be x km/h

S OLUT I ONS P-29

12 + 2p – 8 = 0 \ If roots of x2 + 2px + mn = 0 are equal then those

S OLUT I ONS P-31

S OLUT I ONS P-33

S OLUT I ONS P-35

⇒ Next term = 7 + ( 4 - 1) 7 196

S OLUT I ONS P-37

S OLUT I ONS P-39

S OLUT I ONS P-41

S OLUT I ONS P-43

Hence coordinates of point P are (16, 8). ½ ⇒ 8y = 16x 2

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] = (0, – 4) 1

= [x – (a – b)]2 + [y – (a + b)]2 1 = ( 4 ) + (3) 2 2

1. Given A(3, 0), B(6, 4) and C(–1, 3)

S OLUT I ONS P-45

BC2 = (– 2 – 2)2 + (t + 2)2 = 16 + (t + 2)2

3. Co-ordinates of point R = (4, 0) 1

2. Points are (– 4, – 7) and (0, – 7) = (7 – 4)2 + (3 – 7)2 ½

S OLUT I ONS P-47

C (x1, y1) ar (Quad ABCD) = 80 sq. units ½

S OLUT I ONS P-49

A (5, –2) B (–3, –1) 1 ⇒

= 9+9 = 18 = 3 2 units ½ ∴ A, B and C are collinear.

4+4 = (ii) Co-ordinate Geometry. ½

S OLUT I ONS P-51

S OLUT I ONS P-53

2. ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF (Given)

1. No, Angle included should be same. 1 ∠PKR = 90° (Given)

S OLUT I ONS P-55

3 x ⇒ ∆PQR ∼ ∆ZYX  (By SSS)

S OLUT I ONS P-57

S OLUT I ONS P-59

1. On the diameter of a circle only two tangents can

S OLUT I ONS P-61

[Topper Answer, 2016]

1. No, Angle included should be same. 1 ∠PKR = 90° (Given)

3 x ⇒ ∆PQR ∼ ∆ZYX (By SSS)