CHAPTER

SECTION

B
1 RATIONAL NUMBERS

WORKSHEET-1
Solutions
1.

Numbers Closed under

Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

Rational numbers Yes Yes Yes No

Integers Yes Yes Yes No

Whole numbers Yes No Yes No

Natural numbers Yes No Yes No 3

2.

Numbers Commutative for

Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
Rational numbers Yes No Yes No
Integers Yes No Yes No
Whole numbers Yes No Yes No
Natural numbers Yes No Yes No 3
3.

Numbers Associative for

Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
Rational numbers Yes No Yes No
Integers Yes No Yes No
Whole numbers Yes No Yes No
Natural numbers Yes No Yes No 3

9 4 9 −3
 7  −3    7 5 
4. (a)  ×    +  ×  (b) =  ×  +  × 
 5  12    5 12   16 12   16 9 

7 −3 7 5 9 4 9 −3
= × + × = × + ×
5 12 5 12 16 12 16 9

7  −3 5  9  4  −3  
=  +  (by distributivity) =  +  (by distributivity)
5  12 12  16  12  9  

7  −3 + 5  9  4 3 9  12 − 12 
=   =  −  =  
5  12  16  12 9  16  36 
7 2 14 7 9
= × = = = × 0 = 0 4
5 12 60 30 16

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-1

 WORKSHEET-2
Solutions 11
3. (a) we have x =
15
2 3 5 3 1 2 3 3 1 5
1. (a) − × + − × = − × − × + 11 11
3 5 2 5 6 3 5 5 6 2 The additive inverse of x = is – x = – , since
15 15
(by commutativity)
11  −11 
+ = 0.
3 2 1 5
=  − −  + 15  15 
5 3 6 2
11  −11 
The same equality + = 0, shows that the
(by distributivity) 15  15 
3  −4 − 1  5  −11 
= + −11 11
5  6  2 additive inverse of is or –  15  .
15 15  
3 −5 5 i.e., – (– x) = x Hence Verified
= × +
5 6 2 −13 13
(b) The additive inverse of x = is – x = , since
−1 5 17 17
= + =2 −13 13
2 2 + = 0.
17 17
2  −3  1 3 1 2
(b) ×   − × + × −13 13
5  7  6 2 14 5 The same equality + = 0 shows that the
17 17
2  −3  1 2 1 3 13 13
= × + × − × additive inverse of is – i.e., – (– x) = x
5  7  14 5 6 2 17 17

(by associativity) Hence Verified 2
2  −3 1  1 4. We know that the multiplicative inverse of a rational
= × + −
5  7 14  4 1
number a is   , such that a × = 1
1
a a
(by distributivity)
1
2  −6 + 1  1 (a) The multiplicative inverse of – 13 is – .
= − 13
5  14  4
−13 19
(b) The multiplicative inverse of is − .
2 −5 1 19 13
= × −
5 14 4 1
(c) The multiplicative inverse of is 5.
1 1 −4 − 7 −11 5
= − − = =
7 4 28 28 −5 −3 15 56
(d) The multiplicative inverse of × = is .
 2 8 7 56 15
2. We know that additive inverse of a rational number −2 2 5
(e) The multiplicative inverse of – 1 × = is .
a  −a  a  −a  5 5 2
is   such that +   = 0
b  b  b  b  1
(f) The multiplicative inverse of – 1 is = – 1. 2
−1
2 −2 2  −2 
(a) The additive inverse of is , because +  5. (a) 1 is the multiplicative identity
8 8 8  8 
(b) Commutativity
= 0. (c) Multiplicative inverse 2
−5 5 −7 −16
(b) The additive inverse of is . 6. Reciprocal of is
9 9 16 7
−6 −6 6  −16  −96
(c) The additive inverse of is . According to question, × = 2
−5 5 13  7  91 
2 2 7. By using associativity, such that a × (b × c) = (a × b)
(d) The additive inverse of is . × c. 2
−9 9
8. We know that the multiplicative inverse of a rational
19 19 1
(e) The additive inverse of is . 2 1
−6 6 number a is   , such that a × = 1
a
  a

P-2 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 8  1 8  −9  10. (a) 0
Now, ×  −1  = ×   = –1 (b) 1 and – 1
9  8  9  8 
But the product must be 1 (c) 0 2
8 11. (a) No
Therefore is not the multiplicative inverse of
9 (b) 1 and – 1
 1 1
 −1 8  . 2 (c) –
  5
1 3 10 (d) x
9. 0.3 ×3 = × =1
3 10 3 (e) Rational number
1 (f) Positive 6
Yes, 0.3 is multiplicative inverse of 3 . 2
3 

qqq

WORKSHEET-3
Solutions −4 2 −8 5 2 10
Again, × = and × =
10 2 20 10 2 20
1. (i)
A B C D E −2 1
∴ Ten rational numbers between and are
5 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2
, , , , , , , 0 , , . 4
(ii) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
J I H G F
2 4
–12 –11 –10 – 9 – 8 – 7 – 6 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 0 6. (a) and
3 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2
7 LCM of 3 and 5 is 15
2. (a) 2 5 10 4 3 12
4 ∴ × = and × =
1 P 2 3 5 15 5 3 15
X' X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 4 40 12 4 48
Again, × = and × =
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
15 4 60 15 4 60
7
Here, P is . 2 4
4 ∴ Five rational numbers between and are
3 5
−5
(b) 41 42 43 44 45
6 , , , , .
–1 Q 60 60 60 60 60
X' X −3 5
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 (b) and
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 3
−5 LCM of 2 and 3 is 6
Here, Q is . 2
6 −3 3 −9 5 2 10
∴ × = and × =
−2 −5 −9 . 2 3 6 3 2 6
3. Here, A = ,B= and C =
11 11 11 −3 5
∴ Five rational number between and are
–1 C B A 2 3
X
–12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 −8 −7 1 2
, , 0, , .
11 11 11  11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
6 6 6 6
2
1 1
1 -1 (c) and
4. 1, , 0, –1, and so on. 2 4 2
2 2
LCM of 4 and 2 is 4
5. L.C.M of 5 and 2 is 10
1 1 1 1 2 2
−2 2 −4 1 5 5 × = and × =
∴ × = and × = 4 1 4 2 2 4
5 2 10 2 5 10

S OLUT I ONS P-3

 8. LCM of 5 and 4 is 20
1 8 8 2 8 16 3 4 12 3 5 15
Again, × = and × = ∴ × = and × =
4 8 32 4 8 32 5 4 20 4 5 20
1 1
∴ Five rational numbers between and are 12 8 96 15 8 120
4 2 Again, × = and × =
20 8 160 20 8 160
9 10 11 12 13
, , , , . 4 3 3
32 32 32 32 32 ∴ Ten rational numbers between and are
5 4
−3
7. Five rational number, greater than - 2 are , –1,
2 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
, , , , , , , , , . 5
−1 1 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160
, 0, (there can be many more such rational
2 2
numbers). 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-4
Solutions 5  3 -5 3
10. ∴ – − − = +
7  8  7 8
1. (b) 1
( −5) × 8 + 3 × 7
2. (d) 1 =
56
3. (d) 1
−40 + 21
4. (a) 1 =
56
5. (d) 1
6. Yes, 1 is the multiplicative identity for integers as −19
= 2
well as for the whole numbers. 1 56
8 9 6 4 3 0 −1 −2 −4 −6
7. , , , , , , , , , 1 28
4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 11.  Product of two numbers = –
75
1
8. (a) The multiplicative inverse of – 15 is – . ½ 14
15 Any one of the rational number =
25
−13 −17
(b) The multiplicative inverse of is . ½
17 13  −28  14
∴
The other number =  ÷
16 9  75  25
+ 16 −9
9. We have = + ½
39 ( −26 )
39 26 =
−28 25
×
Now, the LCM of 39 and 26 is 78. 75 14
16 −9
∴ Rewriting and in such a manner they −2 × 1 2
39 26 = =−
3×1 3
have the same denominator 78.
16 16 × 2 32 2
= = ½ Thus, the required rational number is − . 3
39 39 × 2 78 3

−9 −9 × 3 −27 11 4
= = 12.  − + (a rational number) = −
26 26 × 3 78 20 5
16 −9 32 ( −27 )
+ = + ½ 4  −11 
39 26 78 78 ∴ The required rational number = − − 

5  20 
32 + ( −27 )
= 4 11
78 = − +
5 20
32 − 27 5
= = ½
78 78

P-4 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 −4 × 4 + 11 × 1 −5 −1
= 20 = or
20 4
[ LCM of 5 and 20 is 20] 1 . 3
Thus, the other rational number = –
−16 + 11 4
=
20

qqq

WORKSHEET-5
Solutions 5 11 −9 −8 −7  5  −8   11  −7 
11. + + + + =  +   +  +  
1. (a) 1 3 2 4 3 2  3  3   2  2 
2. (d) 1  −9 
+ 
3. (a) 1  4 
4. (b) 1 5 + ( −8 ) 11 + ( −7 ) −9
= + +
5. (b) 1 3 2 4
6. The rational number ‘0’ does not have its reciprocal. −3 4 −9
= + +
1 3 2 4
7. The rational numbers 1 and (– 1) are equal to their −9
reciprocals respectively. 1 = (– 1 + 2) +
4
8. There is no any integer between – 9 and – 10. 1
5 3 ( −9 )
9. Verification : L.H.S. = − + = 1 +
8 5 4

−5 × 5 + 3 × 8 1 × 4 + ( −9 ) 4−9
= = =
40 4 4
−25 + 24 −1 −5
= = = . 3
40 40 4
3 −5  3 4   9 −10   1 3 
R.H.S. = +
12.  − ×  ÷  × − ×
5 8
 2 5 5 3   2 4 
3 × 8 + ( −5) × 5
=  3×2  3
40 =  −  ÷(3 × – 2) –  8 
 5   
24 − 25 −1
= = 6 3
40 40 = – ÷ ( −6 ) −
5 8
∴
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence Verified. 2
 7  −3    7 5  7  −3  5  6 −1 3
10.  ×    +  ×  = ×   +  = – × −
 5  12    5 12  5  12  12  5 6 8

7  −3 + 5  1 3
= −
= ×  5 8
5  12 
7 2 7 1 7 8 − 15 −7
= × = × = 2 = = 3
5 12 5 6 30 40 40

qqq

WORKSHEET-6
Solutions 3. (b) 1
4. (d) 1
1. (b) 1 5. (a) 1
2. (c) 1

S OLUT I ONS P-5

 6. a × (b × c) = (a × b) × c 1 3
= −
Associative property 1 9 16
64 16 36 −12 5 −5 140 20 16 × 1 − 9 × 3
7. = ; = ; = ; = =
16 4 −12 4 −4 4 28 4 144
16 −12 −5 20 16 − 27 11
Hence, , , and are rational numbers = =–
4 4 4 4 144 144
with denominator 4. 1
or, x = y = y + x. 3
19 171
8. Cost of meter wire = ` 1
4 2 12. A rational number between and – 2
2
171
171 × 4 1 
Cost of 1 meter wire = 2 = =  + ( −2 ) ÷ 2
19 2 × 19 2 
4
1 − 4 
= ` 18. 1
=  ÷2
 2 
7 16
9. Reciprocal of – is – . 1  3 1 3
16 7 =  −  × = –
 2 2 4
6  16  6 × ( −16 ) -96
Now, × − = = 1  3
13  7 
1
13 × 7 91 A rational number between and  − 
2  4
7 8
10.  Reciprocal of is  1  3 
8 7 =  +  −   ÷ 2
 2  4 
−2 −21
Reciprocal of is
21 2 2 − 3 1
=  ×
  4  2
 7  −2  
∴  Reciprocal of  ×  Reciprocal of   
 8   21   1 1 1
= − × = −
4 2 8
8  −21 
= ×
7  2   3
A rational number between  −  and (– 2)
 4
4 × ( −3)
= = – 12 2
1×1  3  
=  −  + ( −2 ) ÷ 2
3 1  4  
11. x + y = – +
16 9  ( −3) + ( −8 )  1
−3 × 9 + 1 × 16
= 
4 × 2
 
=
144
−11 1 −11
= × =
[ LCM of 16 and 9 is 144] 4 2 8
−27 + 16 −11
= =  3  1
144 144 Thus, the three rational numbers are  −  ,  − 
 4  8
1  −3   11 
y + x = +
9  16  and  −  . 4
 8  

qqq

WORKSHEET-7
Solutions 3. (b) 1
4. (c) 1
1. (a) 1
2. (d) 1 5. (a) 1

P-6 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 6. Given, 3 3 9
2 Therefore, Q = ,R= and S =
The height of roller coaster = m 4 2 4
3
Also, ZT = TO
3 So, T is the mid-point of OZ, i.e.
The height of new roller coaster = × height of
5 0 + ( −5) −5
T = = 3
existing roller coaster 2 2
3 2 2 −4
= × = m 10. is the rational number which is different from
5 3 5 5
2 the other three, as it lies on the left side of zero while
Hence, the height of new roller coaster is m. 1
5 others lie on the right side of zero on the number
7 line. 3
7. To represent , we make 7 markings each of a 11. Let the other number be x
4
According to question,
1
distance equal to on the right of 0. The 7th point 1 5
4 x– =
3 9
7
represents the rational number as shown in the 5 1
4 or x = +
9 3
figure.
1 A 2 5+3 8
or x = =
9 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Therefore, other number = 3
7 9
The point A is . 2
4 65 8 65 8
12. (a) The sum of and = +
8. Cloth needed of 16 shirt = 24 m 12 3 12 3
24 3 65 + 32 97
Cloth needed for 1 shirt = = = =
16 2 12 12
= 1.5 m 2 65 8 65 8
and the difference of and = −
9. 12 3 12 3
Z O P
65 − 32 33
= =
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 12 12
As OQ = QR = RS = SP According to question,
and OQ + QR + RS + SP = OP 97 33 97 12 97
¸ = × =
Therefore, Q, R an S divide OP into four equal parts. 12 12 12 33 33

So, R is the mid-point of OP, i.e.
(b)
0+3 3
R = =
2 2 Operation Numbers Remarks
Q is the mid-point of OR, i.e. 0 + (2 + 6) = (0 + 2) +
6 = 8;
1 3 3
Q =  0+  = 3+ (0 + 5) = (3 + 0) + Addition
2 2 4 Addition 5 = 8. is asso-
and S is the mid-point of RP, i.e. For any three whole ciative
13  numbers a, b and c
9
S =  + 3  = a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
22  4
3

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-7

SECTION
CHAPTER

B
2 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

WORKSHEET-8
Solutions or, 2x = 24
2x 24
1. x – 2 = 7 or, =
2 2
Adding 2 both sides
[Dividing both sides by 2]
x – 2 + 2 = 7 + 2 ⇒ x = 9 1
or, x = 12 1
2. y + 3 = 10
y
or, y + 3 – 3 = 10 – 3 8. 1.6 =
1.5
[Subtracting 3 = both sides]
y
or, y = 7 1 or, 1.6 × 1.5 = × 1.5
1.5
3. 6 = z + 2
[Multiplying both sides by 1.5]
or, 6 – 2 = z + 2 – 2
or, 2.40 = y ⇒ y = 2.4 1
[Subtracting 2 from both sides]
9. 7x – 9 =16
or, 4 = z ⇒ z = 4 1 or, 7x = 16 + 9
3 17 [Transposing – 9 to RHS]
4. +x =
7 7 or, 7x = 25
17 3 17 − 3 7x 25
or, x = − = =
7 7 7 or, 7 7

3 [Dividing both sides by 7]

[Transposing to RHS] 25
7 or, x = 1
7 
17 − 3
x = 10. 14y – 8 = 13
7
or, 14y = 13 + 8
14 [Transposing 8 to RHS]
or, x = ⇒ x = 2 1
7 or, 14y = 21
5. 6x = 12 14 y 21
or, =
12 14 14
or, x =
6 [Dividing both sides by 14]
[Dividing both sides by 6] 3
or, y = 2
or, x = 2 1 2
t 11. 6P = 9 – 17
6. = 10
5 [Transposing 17 to RHS]
or, 6P = – 8
t
or, × 5 = 10 × 5 6P −8
5 or, = [Dividing both by 6]
6 6
[Multiplying both sides by 5]
4
or, t = 50 1 or, P = – 2
3
2x
7. =8 x 7
3 12. + 1 =
3 15
2x
or, × 3 = 8 × 3 x 7
3 or, = –1
3 15
[Multiplying both sides by 3]
[Transposing 1 to RHS]

P-8 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 x 7 − 15 x −8
or, = or, ×3 = ×3
3 15 3 15
x −8 [Multiplying both sides by 3]
or, =
3 15 −8
or, x = 2
5 

qqq

WORKSHEET-9
Solutions 3. Let each of equal sides of an isosceles triangle be x
cm. According to the question
1. Let the number be x 4 2
According to the question x+x+ =4
3 15
1  1 1
x − 2  = 4 62
2   8 or, 2x + =
3 15
1  1 1 4 4 62 4
or, 2× x − 2  = ×2 or, 2x + − = −
2   8 3 3 15 3

[Multiplying both sides by 2] 4
[Subtracting from both sides]
1 1 3
or, x– =
2 4 62 − 20
or, 2x =
1 1 1 1 15
or, x– + = +
2 2 4 2 42
or, 2x =
1 15
[Adding both sides]
2 2x 42
or, =
1+ 2 2 15 × 2
or, x =
4 [Dividing both sides by 2]
3 7 2
or, x = or, x = = 1 cm.
4 5 5
3 2
Hence, the required number is . 2 Hence, each equal side of an isosceles triangle is 1
4  5
2. Let the breadth of the pool be x m cm . 3
Then the length of the pool = (2x + 2) m 4. Let the first number be x, then the other be x + 15
2 (2x + 2 + x) = 154 then according to the question,
2( 2 x + 2 + x ) 154 x + x + 15 = 95
or, = or, 2x + 15 = 95
2 2
or, 2x + 15 – 15 = 95 – 15
[Dividing both sides by 2]
[Subtracting 15 from both sides]
or, 3x + 2 = 77 or, 2x = 80
or, 3x + 2 – 2 = 77 – 2 2x 80
[Subtracting 2 from both sides] or, =
2 2
or, 3x = 75
[Dividing both sides by 2 ]
3x 75 or, x = 40
or, =
3 3 So, the first number is 40 and other is 40 + 15 = 55
[Dividing both sides by 3] Hence, the two numbers are 40 and 55. 3
or, x = 25 m 5. Let the two numbers be 5x and 3x. According to the
question,
Length of the pool = 2x + 2 = 2 × 25 + 2 = 50 + 2
= 52 m. 5x – 3x = 18
Hence, the length and the breadth of the pool are 52 or, 2x = 18
m and 25 m, respectively.  3 or, x = 9

S OLUT I ONS P-9

 Hence, first number = 5x = 5 × 9 = 45
Second number = 3x = 3 × 9 = 27
Hence, the numbers are 45 and 27.
6. Let three consecutive integers be x, x + 1 and x + 2
According to question,
x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 51
or, 3x + 3 = 51
or, 3x + 3 – 3 = 51 – 3
[Subtracting 3 from both the sides]
or, 3x = 48
3x 48
or, =
3 3
[Dividing both sides by 3]
or, x = 16
Hence, integers are 16, 17 and 18.
7. Let the three consecutive multiples of 8 be x, x + 8
and x + 16. According to question,
x + x + 8 + x + 16 = 888
or, 3x + 24 = 888
or, 3x + 24 – 24 = 888 – 24
[Subtracting 24 from both sides]
or, 3x = 864
3x 864
or, =
3 3
[Dividing both sides by 3]
or, x = 288
Hence, the three consecutive multiples of 8 are 288,
296, 304.
Solutions
1. Let the number of girls be x.
Then the number of boys = x + 8
According to the question,
x+8 7 [Transposing 84 to RHS]
=
x or, 3x = 51
5
( on cross multiplication)
or, 5 (x + 8) = 7x
or, 5x + 40 = 7x
or, 5x – 7x = – 40
[Transposing 7x to LHS and 40 to RHS]
or, – 2x = – 40
−2 x −40
or, = 3. Let Ravi’s present age be x years
−2 −2
[Dividing both sides by – 2]
or, x = 20
Hence, the number of girls = 20 and number of
boys = 20 + 8 = 28. 
2. Let Baichung’s age be x years.
Then Baichung’s father’s age = (x + 29) years and
Baichung’s grandfather age = (x + 29 + 26) = (x +
55) years.
P-10
8. Let three consecutive integers be x, x + 1 and x + 2
According to question,
3 2x+ 3 ( x + 1) + 4 (x + 2) = 74
or, 2x+ 3x + 3 + 4x + 8 = 74
or, 9x + 11 = 74
or, 9x + 11 – 11 = 74 – 11
[Subtracting 11 from both sides]
or, 9x = 63
9x 63
or, =
9 9
 [Dividing both sides by 9]
or, x = 7 4
Hence, three consecutive integers are 7, 8 and 9.
9. Let the present age of Rahul and Haroon be 5x and
7x respectively.
3
According to question,
(5x + 4) + (7x +4) = 56
5x + 4 + 7x + 4 = 56
or, 12x + 8 = 56
or, 12x = 56 – 8
[Transposing 8 to RHS]
or, 12x = 48
12 x 48
or, =
12 12
[Dividing both sides by 12]
or, x = 4
Hence, present age of Rahul = 5x = 5 × 4 = 20
years and present age of Haroon = 7x = 7 × 4 = 28
3
years. 4
qqq
WORKSHEET-10
According to the question,
x + x + 29 + x + 55 = 135
or, 3x + 84 = 135
or, 3x = 135 – 84
51
or, x = = 17
3
[Dividing both sides by 3]
Hence, Baichung’s age = 17 years, Baichung’s
father’s age = 17 + 29 = 46 and Baichung’s
grandfather’s age = 17 + 55 = 72 years.3
After fifteen years Ravi’s age = 4x years
Fifteen years from now Ravi’s age = (x + 15) years
According to the question,
3 4x = x + 15
or, 4x – x = x + 15 – x
[Subtracting x from both sides]
or, 3x = 15
M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 3x 15 Number of denomination of ` 50 notes = 3 × 1000
or, = = 3,000
3 3
Number of denomination of ` 10 notes = 5 × 1000
[Dividing both sides by 3] = 5,000
or, x = 5 Hence, required denominations of notes of
Hence, Ravi’s present age is 5 years. 3 ` 100, ` 50 and ` 10 are 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000,
4. Let the rational number be x respectively. 4
5 2 −7 6. Let the number ` 5 coins be x, the number of ` 2
x+ =
2 3 12 coins be 3x and the number of ` 1 coins = 160 – (x +
3x) = 160 – 4x
5 −7 2
or, x = − According to the question,
2 12 3
5 × x + 2 × 3x + 1 × (160 – 4x) = 300
2 or, 5x + 6x + 160 – 4x = 300
[Transposing to RHS]
3 or, 7x + 160 = 300
5 −7 − 8 or, 7x = 300 – 160
or, x = [Transposing 160 to RHS]
2 12
or, 7x = 140
5 −15
or, x = 7x 140
2 12 =
7 7
or, 5x × 12 = – 15 × 2
140
or, 60x = – 30 or, x =
7
60 x −30
= [Dividing both sides by 7]
60 60
or, x = 20
[Dividing both sides by 60]
Hence, the number of coins of ` 5 denomination = 20
−30
or, x = Number of coins of ` 2 denomination = 3 × 20 = 60
60
Number of coins of ` 1 denomination = 160 – 4 × 20
−1 = 160 – 80 = 80.  4
or, x =
2 7. Let the number of winners be x
−1 and the number of there who are not winner = 63 – x
Hence, the required rational number is . 3
2 According to question ,
5. Let number of notes be 2x, 3x and 5x. 100 × x + 25 × (63 – x) = 3000
or, 100x + 1575 – 25x = 3000
According to the question,
or, 75x + 1575 = 3000
2x × 100 + 3x × 50 + 5x × 10 = 400000
or, 75x = 3000 – 1575
or, 200x + 150x + 50x = 400000
[Transposing 1575 to RHS]
or, 400x = 400000
or, 75x = 1425
400000
or, x = 1425
400 or, x =
75
[Dividing both sides by 400]
[Dividing both sides by 75]
or, x = 1,000
or, x = 19
Hence, Number of denomination of ` 100 notes = 2
× 1000 = 2,000 Hence, the number of winners = 19 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-11
Solutions or, 3 × 18 = 2 × 18 + 18
or, 54 = 36 + 18
1. 3x = 2x + 18
or, 54 = 54
or, 3x – 2x = 18
or, LHS = RHS 2
[Transposing 2x to LHS]
2. 5t – 3 = 3t – 5
or, x = 18
or, 5t – 3t = – 5 + 3
To check
[Transposing – 3 to RHS and 3t to LHS]
3x = 2x + 8
or, 2t = – 2

S OLUT I ONS P-11

 −2 or, 5x = 0
or, t = 0
2 or, x =
5
[Dividing both sides by 2]
or, t = – 1 [Dividing both sides by 5]
To check or, x = 0
5t – 3 = 3t – 5 To check
or, 5 × (– 1) – 3 = 3 × (–1) – 5 8x + 4 = 3 (x – 1) + 7
or, – 5 – 3 = – 3 – 5 or, 8 × 0 + 4 = 3 (0 – 1) + 7
or, – 8 = – 8 or, 0 + 4 = – 3 + 7
or, LHS = RHS 2 or, 4 = 4
3. 5x + 9 = 5 + 3x LHS = RHS 3
or, 5x – 3x = 5 – 9 4
7. x = (x + 10)
[Transposing 9 to RHS and 3x to LHS] 5
or, 2x = – 4 4
2x −4 or, 5 × x = 5 × (x + 10)
or, = 5
2 2
[Multiplying both sides by 5]
[Dividing both sides by 2]
or, 5x = 4 (x + 10)
or, x = – 2
To check or, 5x = 4x + 40
5x + 9 = 5+ 3x or, 5x – 4x = 40
or, 5 × (– 2) + 9 = 5 + 3 × (– 2) [Transposing 4x to LHS]
or, – 10 + 9 = 5 – 6 or, x = 40
or, – 1 = – 1 To check
or, LHS = RHS 2 4
4. 4z + 3 = 6 + 2z x = (x + 10)
5
or, 4z – 2z = 6 – 3
[Transposing 3 to RHS and 2z to LHS] 4
or, 40 = (40 + 10)
or, 2z = 3 5
[Dividing both sides by 2] 4
3 40 = × 50
or, z = 5
2
or, 40 = 4 × 10
To check or, 40 = 40
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z LHS = RHS 3
3 3 2x 7x
or, 4× + 3 = 6 + 2 × 8. + 1 = +3
2 2 3 15
or, 6 + 3 = 6 + 3 2x 7 x
or, 9 = 9 or, − =3–1
3 15
or, LHS = RHS 2
5. 2x – 1 = 14 – x 7x
[Transposing 1 to RHS and to LHS]
or, 2x + x = 14 + 1 15
or, 3x = 15 10 x − 7 x
[Dividing both sides by 3] or, =2
15
or, x = 5
3x
To check or, =2
2x – 1 = 14 – x 15
or, 2 × 5 – 1 = 14 – 5 or, 3x = 2 × 15
or, 10 – 1 = 9 3x 30
or, =
v 9 = 9 3 3
LHS = RHS 2
[Dividing both sides by 3]
6. 8x + 4 = 3 (x – 1) + 7
or, x = 10
or, 8x + 4 = 3x – 3 + 7
To check
or, 8x + 4 = 3x + 4
2x 7x
or, 8x – 3x = 4 – 4 + 1 = +3
[Transposing 4 to RHS an 3x to LHS] 3 15

P-12 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 2 × 10 7 × 10 20 + 3 14 + 9
or, + 1 = +3 or, =
3 15 3 3
20 14 23 23
or, + 1 = +3 or, =
3 3 3 3
LHS = RHS 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-12
Solutions or, 3×
4 4 8
= 5 × −
5 5 5
5 26
1. 2y + = –y 12 20 8
3 3 or, = −
5 5 5
26 5
or, 2y + y = − 12 20 − 8
3 3 or, =
5 5
5 12 12
[Transposing to RHS and y to LHS] or, =
3 5 5
21 LHS = RHS 3
or, 3y =
3 3. Let the number be x.
According to the question,
3y = 7
 5
7 8  x −  = 3x
or, y =  2
3
or, 8x – 20 = 3x
To check or, 8x – 3x = 20
5 26 [Transposing 3x to LHS and 20 to RHS]
2y +
= –y
3 3 or, 5x = 20
5x 20
7 5 26 7 =
or, 2× + = − 5 5
3 3 3 3
 [Dividing both sides by 5]
14 5 26 7 20
or, + = − ⇒ x =
3 3 3 3 5
19 19 or, x = 4
or, =
3 3 Hence, the required number is 4. 3
4. Let the first number be x, then another number be
LHS = RHS 3 5x. After adding 21 the new numbers are x + 21 and
8 5x + 21.
2. 3m = 5m –
5 According to the question,
5x + 21 = 2 (x + 21)
8
or, 3m – 5m = – or, 5x + 21 = 2x + 42
5 or, 5x – 2x = 42 – 21
8 or, 3x = 21
or, – 2 m = –
5 or, x = 21
3
−2m −8
= or, x = 7
−2 −2 × 5 The first number is 7 and another number = 5x
[Dividing both sides by (–2)] = 5 × 7 = 35
−8 4 Hence, the required numbers are 7 and 35. 3
or, m = = 5. Let the unit place digit of a two digit number be x.
5 × ( −2 ) 5
So, ten’s place digit = 9 – x
To check ∴ Two digit number = 10 (9 – x) + x
8
3m = 5m – After interchanging the digits the new number
5
= 10x + (9 – x)

S OLUT I ONS P-13

 According to the question, According to question,
New number = original number + 27 1
x + 5 = × 6x
10x + 9 – x = 90 – 10x + x + 27 3
or, 9x + 9 = 90 – 10x + x + 27 or, x + 5 = 2x
or, 9x + 9 = 117 – 9x or, x – 2x = – 5
or, 18x = 108
or, – x = – 5 ⇒ x = 5
108
or, x = Hence, Shobo’s present age is 5 years and Shobo’s
18 mother’s present age = 6 × 5 = 30 years.  4
or, x = 6 8. Let the length and breadth of the plot be 11 x and
∴ Unit place digit is 6 and ten’s place digit 4x, respectively.
= 9 – x = 9 – 6 = 3 Total cost
∴ Perimeter of the plot =
Hence, the required number = 36 3 Cost of 1 meter
6. Let the unit place digit of a two digit number be x, 75000
then ten’s place digit = 3x = = 750m
100
∴ Original number = 10 × 3x + x = 30x + x = 31x
After interchanging the digits the new number = 10 We know that perimeter of rectangle = 2 (l + b)
× x + 3x = 13x ∴ According to the question,
According to the question, 2 (11x + 4x) = 750
31x + 13x = 88 750
or, 15x =
or, 44x = 88 2
88 or, 15x = 375
or, x =
44 375
or, x =
or, x = 2 15
Hence, the original number = 31x = 31 × 2 = 62 4 or, x = 25
7. Let Shobo’s present age be x years and Shobo’s Hence, length of the plot = 11 × 25 = 275 m
mother’s present age be 6x years
and breadth of the plot = 4 × 25 =100 m. 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-13
Solutions or,
27 1
− =
9 1
+
20 5 10 4
x 1 x 1
1. − = + 27 − 4 18 + 5
2 5 3 4 or, =
20 20
x x 1 1
or, − = +
2 3 4 5 23 23
or, =
20 20
x x x 1
[Transposing− to LHS and− to RHS]
2 3 2 5 or, LHS = RHS 3

3x − 2 x 5+4 x 3x 5x
or, = 2. − + = 21
6 20 2 4 6

x 9 6 x − 9 x + 10 x
or, = or, = 21
6 20 12
9×6 27 or, 7x = 21 × 12
or, x = ⇒x=
20 10 21 × 12
or, x =
7
To check
x 1 x 1 or, x = 36
− = +
2 5 3 4 To check
27 1 27 1 x 3x 5x
or, − = + LHS = − +
10 × 2 5 10 × 3 4 2 4 6

P-14 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 36 3 × 36 5 × 36 10x = x + 54
= − +
2 4 6 or, 10x – x = 54
= 18 – 27 + 30 or, 9x = 54
= 21 = RHS 3 54
or, x = ⇒ x = 6 years
8x 17 5x 9
3. x+7– = −
3 6 2 Hence, granddaughter’s age = 6 years
8 x 5x 17 and grandfather’s age = 6 × 10 = 60 years.3
or, x– + = –7
3 2 6 6. Let the total number of deer in the herd be x.
5x According to question,
[Transposing to LHS and 7 to RHS]
2 x 3 x
+ x −  + 9 = x
6 x − 16 x + 15x 17 − 42 2 4 2
or, =
6 6 x 3  2x − x 
+   +9 =x
5x −25 2 4 2 
or, =
6 6
x 3 x
−25 6 or, + × +9 =x
or, x = × 2 4 2
6 5
x 3x
or, x = – 5 or, + + 9 = x
2 8
To check
8x 17 5x 4 x + 3x + 72
x+7– = − or, =x
3 6 2 8
8 × ( −5) 17 5 or, 7x + 72 = 8x
or, – 5 + 7 – = − × (– 5)
3 6 2 or, 7x – 8x = – 72

or, – x = – 72 ⇒ x = 72
40 17 25
or, 2+ = + Hence, the required number of deers in the herd
3 6 2
are 72. 4
6 + 40 17 + 75 7. Let shirt material be 3x and trouser material be 2x
or, =
3 6 metres.
46 92 The cost of shirt material = 50 × 3x = 150x
or, = 100 + 12
3 6 The selling price at 12% profit = × 150 x
100
46 46
or, = 112
3 3 = × 150x
100
or, LHS = RHS 3
4. Let the son’s age be x years = 168 x
then Aman’s age = 3x years The cost of trouser material = 90 × 2x = 180x
100 + 10
According to the question, The selling price at 10% profit = × 180x
100
3x –10 = 5 (x – 10)
or, 3x – 10 = 5x – 50 110
= × 180x = 198 x
or, 3x – 5x = – 50 + 10 100
or, – 2x = – 40 According to question,
−40 168x + 198x = 36,600
or, x = = 20 years or, 366x = 36,600
−2
36600
Hence, son’s age is 20 years or, x =
366
and Aman’s age = 3 × 20 = 60 years. 3
or, x = 100
5. Let the present age of granddaughter be x.
∴ Trouser material = 2 × 100 = 200 m
and the present age of grandfather = 10 x
Hence, Hasan bought 200 m trouser material. 5
According to question,

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-15

 WORKSHEET-14
Solutions m −1 m−2
3. m– =1–
2 3
x−5 x−3
1. = m −1 m − 2
3 5 or, m– + =1
2 3
or, 5 (x – 5) = 3 (x – 3)
m−2
or, 5x –25 = 3x – 9
[Transposing to LHS]
or, 5x – 3x = – 9 + 25 3
[Transposing 3x to LHS and 25 to RHS]
6m − 3( m − 1) + 2( m − 2 )
or, 2x = 16 or, = 1
6
16
or, x = ⇒x=8
2 or, 6m – 3m + 3 + 2m – 4 = 1 × 6
To check or, 5m – 1 = 6
x−5 x−3 or, 5m = 6 + 1
=
3 5 7
or, 5m = 7 ⇒ m =
8−5 8−3 5
or, =
3 5 To check
3 5 m−1 m−2
or, = ⇒1=1 m– =1–
3 5 2 3
or, LHS = RHS 2 7 7
−1 −2
3t − 2 2t + 3 2 7 5
2. − = –t or, − =1– 5
4 3 3 5 2 3
3t − 2 2t + 3 2 7 7−5 7 − 10
or, − + t = or, − =1–
4 3 3 5 2×5 3×5
[Transposing t to LHS] 7 1 1
or, − =1+
3( 3t − 2 ) − 4( 2t + 3) + 12t 2 5 5 5
or, =
12 3
7 −1 5+1 6 6
2 or, = ⇒ =
or, 9t – 6 – 8t – 12 + 12t = × 12 5 5 5 5
3
or, LHS = RHS 3
or, 13t – 18 = 8
4. 3 (t – 3) = 5 (2t + 1)
or,
13t = 8 + 18
or, 3t – 9 = 10t + 5
or, 13t = 26
26 or, 3t – 10t = 5 + 9
or, t = ⇒t=2 14
13 or, – 7t = 14 ⇒ t = ⇒t=–2
−7
To check
3t − 2 2t + 3 2 To check
− = –t
4 3 3 3 (t – 3) = 5 (2t +1)
3×2 − 2 2×2 + 3 2 or, 3 (– 2 – 3) = 5 [2 × (– 2) + 1]
or, − = –2
4 3 3 or, 3 (– 5) = 5 (– 4 + 1)

6−2 4+3 2 or, – 15 = 5 (– 3)
or, − = –2 or, – 15 = – 15
4 3 3
LHS = RHS 3
7 2
or, 1– = –2 5. 15 (y – 4) – 2 (y – 9) + 5 (y + 6) = 0
3 3
or, 15y – 60 – 2y + 18 + 5y + 30 = 0
3−7 2−6
or, = or, 18y – 12 = 0
3 3
or, 18y = 12
−4 −4
or, = 12 2
3 3 or, y = ⇒y=
18 3
or, LHS = RHS 3

P-16 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 To check To check
LHS = 15 (y – 4) – 2 (y – 9) + 5 (y + 6) 3 (5z – 7) – 2 (9z – 11) = 4 (8z – 13) – 17
2  2  2  or, 3 (5 × 2 – 7) – 2 (9 × 2 – 11) = 4 (8 × 2 – 13) – 17
= 15  − 4  − 2  − 9  + 5  + 6  or, 3 (10 – 7) – 2 (18 – 11) = 4 (16 – 13) – 17
 3   3   3 
or, 3 × 3  – 2 × 7 = 4 × 3 – 17
 2 − 12   2 − 27   2 + 18  or, 9 – 14 = 12 – 17
= 15   − 2 3  + 5 3 
 3      or, – 5 = – 5
or, LHS = RHS. 3
 10   25   20 
= 15  −  − 2  −  + 5   7. 0.25 (4f – 3) = 0.05 (10f – 9)
 3   3   3 
or, f – 0.75 = 0.5f – 0.45
−150 50 100 −150 + 50 + 100 or, f – 0.5f = – 0.45 + 0.75
= + + =
3 3 3 3 [Transposing 0.5 to LHS and 0.75 to RHS]
−150 + 150 0 or, 0.5f = 0.30
= = 0 = RHS 3
= 3 3 0.30
or, f = ⇒ f = 0.6
0.5
6. 3 (5z – 7) – 2 (9z – 11) = 4 (8z – 13) – 17
or, 15z – 21 – 18z + 22 = 32z – 52 – 17 To check
0.025 (4f – 3) = 0.05 (10f – 9)
or, 15z – 18z – 32z = – 52 – 17 + 21 – 22
or, 0.25 (4 × 0.6 – 3) = 0.05 (10 × 0.6 – 9)
[Transposing 32z to LHS and 21 and 22 to RHS]
or, 0.25 (2.4 – 3) = 0.05 (6 – 9)
or, – 35z = – 70 or, 0.25 (– 0.6) = 0.05 (– 3)
−70 or, – 0.150 = – 0.15
or, z = ⇒z=2
−35 ∴ LHS = RHS3

qqq

WORKSHEET-15
8x − 3 60
1. = 2 or, z =
3x 5
or, 8x – 3 = 2 × 3x or, z = 12 2
or, 8x – 3 = 6x 3y + 4 −2
4. =
or, 8x – 6x = 3 [Transposing 6x to LHS] 2 − 6y 5

3 or, 5 (3y + 4) = – 2 (2 – 6y)
or, 2x = 3 ⇒ x =  2
2 or, 15y + 20 = – 4 + 12y
9x or, 15y – 12y = – 4 – 20
2. = 15
7 − 6x [Transposing 12y to LHS and 20 to RHS]
or, 3y = – 24
or, 9x = 15 (7 – 6x)
−24
or, 9x = 105 – 90x or, y = ⇒ y = – 83
3
or, 9x + 90x = 105 [Transposing 90x to LHS]
or, 99x = 105 7y + 4 −4
5. =
y+2 3
105 35
or, x = ⇒x= 2
99 33  or, 3 (7y + 4) = – 4 (y + 2)
z 4 21y + 12 = – 4y – 8
3. = or, 21y + 4y = – 8 – 12
z + 15 9
or, 25y = – 20
or, 9z = 4 (z + 15)
−20 −4
or, 9z = 4z + 60 or, y = ⇒y= 3
25 5 
or, 9z – 4z = 60 [Transposing 6x to LHS]
6. Let the present age of Hari and Harry be 5x and 7x.
or, 5z = 60
According to the questions,

S OLUT I ONS P-17

 5x + 4 3 According to the question,
=
7x + 4 4 x + 17 3
=
(x + 8) − 1
or, 4 (5x + 4) = 3 (7x + 4) 2
or, 20x + 16 = 21x + 12 x + 17 3
or, =
or, 20x – 21x = 12 – 16 x+7 2
[Transposing 2x to LHS and 16 to RHS] or, 2 (x + 17) = 3 (x + 7)
or, – x = – 4 or, 2x + 34 = 3x + 21
or, x = 4 or, 2x – 3x = 21 – 34
Hence, the age of Hari = 5 × 4 = 20 years [Transposing 3x to LHS and 34 to RHS]
and the age of Harry = 7 × 4 = 28 years. or, – x = – 13
7. Let the numerator of rational number be x or, x = 13
and denominator = x + 8 Hence, the required rational number 4
x 13 13
Therefore rational number = = =
x+8 13 + 8 21

WORKSHEET-16
Solutions or x =
80
= 40
2
1. (c) 1
∴ The smaller number = 40
2. (c) 1
The other number = 40 + 15 = 55 2
3. (d) 1 1 1 5
11. (x + 1) + (x – 1) = (x – 2)
4. (a) 1 2 3 12
5. (d) 1 1 1 1 1 5x 5
x+ + x– = −
6. (a) 1 2 2 3 3 12 6
3x − 8 1 1 5 1 1 5
7. = 1 x+ x– x = − −
2x 2 3 12 3 2 6
3x – 8 = 2x 6 x + 4 x − 5x 2−3−5
=
3x – 2x = 8 12 6
x = 8 1 5x −6
=
x x −1 12 6
8. =
5 6 5x
=–1
6x = 5x – 5 12
6x – 5x = – 5 5x = – 12
x = – 5 1 −12
9. 0.4 (3x – 1) = 0.5 x + 1 x = 2
5
1.2x – 0.4 = 0.5x + 1
1.2x – 0.5x = 1 + 0.4 12. 3 (t – 3) = 5 (2t + 1)
0.7x = 1.4 or 3t – 9 = 10t + 5
1.4 Transposing (– 9) to R.H.S and 10t to L.H.S., we
x = = 2 1 have
0.7
3t – 10t = 5 + 9
10. Let the smaller number be x or – 7t = 14
∴ The other number = x + 15 14
According to the condition, we have or t = =–2
−7
x + (x + 15) = 95
[Dividing both sides by – 7]
2x + 15 = 95
∴
t = – 2 2
or 2x = 95 – 15
or 2x = 80 13. Let speed of steamer in still water = x km/hr
Speed of stream = 2 km/hr

P-18 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 Speed downstream = (x + 2) km/hr 7 (x + 2) = 8 (x – 2)
Speed upstream = (x – 2) km/hr 7x + 14 = 8x – 16
Distance covered in 7 hours while downstream x = 30 km/hr
= 7 (x + 2) Total distance = 7 (x + 2) km
Distance covered in 8 hours while upstream = 7 (30 + 2) km
= 8 (x – 2) = 7 × 32 km
According to the condition, = 224 km 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-17
Solutions Dividing both sides by 2, we have
2x 18
1. (d) 1 =
2 2
2. (a) 1
3. (d) 1 or x = 9
4. (b) 1 ∴ 5x = 5 × 9 = 45
5. (a) 1 and 3x = 3 × 9 = 27
6. (a) 1 ∴ The required numbers are 45 and 27. 2
7. 8x – 7 – 3x = 6x – 2x – 3 3t − 2 2t + 3 2
12. − = –t
5x – 7 = 4x – 3 4 3 3
5x – 4x = – 3 + 7 3( 3t − 2 ) − 4( 2t + 3) 2 − 3t
=
x = 4 1 12 3
8. 5 (x – 1) – 2 (x + 8) = 0 ( 9t − 6 ) − ( 8t + 12 ) 2 − 3t
or, =
5x – 5 – 2x – 16 = 0 12 3

3x – 21 = 0
12( 2 − 3t )
3x = 21 or, 9t – 6 – 8t – 12 =
3
x = 7 1
or, t – 18 = 4 (2 – 3t)
9. – 1.5x = – 4.5
or, t – 18 = 8 – 12t
−4.5
x = or, t + 12t = 8 + 18
−1.5
or, 13t = 26
or, x = 3 1 26
10. Let the three consecutive even natural numbers be ∴
t =
13
2x, 2x + 2 and 2x +4
∴ t = 2 3
According to condition,
13. Let speed of faster car = x km/ hr
2x + 2x + 2 + 2x + 4 = 48
Then speed of the other car = (x – 10) km/hr
6x + 6 = 48
Let 1st one starts from A and other from B, M and N
6x = 48 – 6
be their position after 6 hours.
6x = 42
42 A M N B
x = =7
6 AM = 6x, BN = 6(x – 10)
According to condition,
Greatest number = 2x + 4
6x + 6x – 60 + 30 = 690
= 2 × 7 + 4 = 18 2
12x = 690 + 30
11. Let the two numbers be 5x and 3x.
12x = 720
According to the condition, we have
x = 60 km/hr
5x – 3x = 18
Speed of the other car = 50 km/hr 4
or 2x = 18
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-19

 WORKSHEET-18
Solutions 3x + 5 3x + 4
11. Since =
4x + 2 4x + 7
1. (a) 1
2. (c) 1 or (3x + 5) × (4x + 7) = (4x + 2) × (3x + 4),
3. (b) 1 [by cross-multiplication]
4. (a) 1 or 12x2 + 21x + 20x + 35 = 12x2 + 16x + 6x + 8
5. (a) 1 or 12x2 + 41x + 35 = 12x2 + 22x + 8
6. (c) 1 or 12x2 + 41x – 12x2 – 22x = 8 – 35
7. (a) Let the number be x, or 19x = – 27
Then x + 34 = 86 27
or x = –
(b) Let the number by y, 19
Then 2y = 20 5( −7 y − 1)
12. = – 70
8. Let the required number be x. y
∴ According to the condition, we have or, 5 (– 7y – 1) = –70y
 1 1 1 or, – 35y – 5 = – 70y
 x − 2  × 2 =
  8 or, – 35y + 70y = 5
1 1 or, 35y = 5
or x− = ×2
2 8 5 1
∴
y = = 2
35 7
1 1
or x− =
2 4 13. Let the denominator be x, the numerator = x – 2
x−2
1 ∴ Fraction =
Adding both sides , we have x
2
According to given condition,
1 1
x = + x − 2 −1 1
4 2 =
x −1 2
1+ 2 3
or x = = x−3 1
4 4 =
x − 1 2
3
∴ The required number =
2 2x – 6 = x – 1
4
2x – x = – 1 + 6
9. Let the present age of son be x years x = 5
∴ The present age of father = 4x years x−2 3
After 10 years ∴ Rational number = = 3
x 5
Age of son = (x + 10) years
14. Let volume of smaller tank = x L
Age of father = (4x + 10) years
Volume of larger tank = 2x L
According to the given condition,
According to condition,
4x + 10 = 3 (x + 10)
2x – 25 = x + 25
4x + 10 = 3x + 30
2x – x = 25 + 25
4x – 3x = 30 – 10
x = 50
x = 20
Volume of smaller tank = 50 L
∴ Present age of son = 20 years.
Volume of larger tank = 2 × 50
and present age of father = 4x = 4 × 20 = 80 years.
= 100 L 3
2
15. (a) Let my present age be x years
10. Let the number be x,
After 12 years my age = (x + 12) years
Then 7x =49
4 years ago my age = (x – 4) years
49
∴ x = = 7 2 According to the question,
7
x + 12 = 3 (x – 4)
Hence, the number is 7. or x + 12 = 3x – 12

P-20 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 or x – 3x = – 12 – 12
or – 2x = – 24
−24
or x =
−2
or x = 12
Therefore, my present age = 12 years.
[Hence Verified] 4
S OLUT I ONS
(b) Since, 2x – 3 = 5
Putting, x = 4 then
LHS = 2x – 3
= 2 × 4 – 3 = 8 – 3 = 5
and RHS = 5
Hence, LHS = RHS = 5
qqq
P-21
CHAPTER
SECTION

B
3 UNDERSTANDING QUADRILATERALS

WORKSHEET-19
Solutions Therefore, the sum of interior angles of two
triangles = 180° + 180°
1. (a) A convex quadrilateral :
= 360°
Hence, the sum of the measures of the angles of a
convex quadrilateral ABCD is 360°
Now, let PQRS be a concave quadrilateral.
In a convex quadrilateral, there are 2 diagonals. ½ Join P to R, we get
(b) A regular hexagon : Two triangles DPQR and DPRS.
P

In a regular hexagon there are 9 diagonals.
(c) A triangle :
In a triangle there is no diagonal.
2. (a) Simple curve — 1, 2, 5, 6, 7
(b) Simple closed curve — 1, 2, 5, 6, 7
(c) Polygon —1, 2
(d) Convex polygon —2
(e) Concave polygon — 1
3. Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral. Join B to D.
We get two triangles DABD and DBCD.
A
B D
C (c) Regular polygon of 6 sides is called a regular
Since, the sum of interior angles of a triangle = 180°
R
Q S
Hence, the sum of measures of angle of two triangles
½ = 180° + 180° = 360° 3
4. (a) The sum of interior angles of a convex polygon
with number of sides 7 = (7 – 2) × 180°
= 5 × 180 °
= 900°
(b) The sum of interior angles of a concave polygon
½ with number of sides 8 = (8 – 2) × 180°
= 6 × 180°
= 1080°
(c) The sum of interior angles of concave polygon with
number of sides 10 = (10 – 2) × 180°
= 8 × 180°
= 1440°
(d) The sum of interior angles of a concave polygon
with number of side n = (n – 2) × 180° 3
5. Regular Polygon : A polygon of equal side and
equal angle is called a regular polygon
(a) Regular polygon of 3 sides is called equilateral
triangle.
(b) Regular polygon of 4 sides is called a square.
hexagon. 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-20
A
Solutions 50° D
x
1. (a) In figure (a), ABCD is a quadrilateral and
130°
∠A = 50°, ∠B = 130° B
120°
∠C = 120°, ∠D = x C

Q Sum of interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.

P-22 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 or, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360° Since, the sum of interior angles of a pentagon is
or, 50° + 130° + 120° + x = 360° (5 – 2) × 180° = 3× 180°
or, 300° + x = 360°
or, x = 360° – 300° = 540°
= 60° \ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E = 540°

C
(b) or, 110° + x + 30° + x + 120° = 540°
D 70°
x or, 260° + 2x = 540°
or, 2x = 540° – 260°
60° or, 2x = 280°
A B  3 280
In figure (b), ABCD is a quadrilateral and exterior x = = 140° 3
2
∠A = 90°
\ ext. ∠A + Int. ∠A = 180° (d) In figure (d), ABCDE is a regular pentagon.
or, 90° + Int ∠A = 180°
∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = ∠E = x
or, Int. ∠A = 180° – 90° = 90°
D
Also, ∠B = 60°, ∠C = 70°, ∠D = x
\ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360°
or, 90° + 60° + 70° + x = 360° E C
or, 220° + x = 360°
or, x = 360° – 220°
x = 140° 3
(c) In figure (c), ABCDE is pentagon.
A B
and exterior ∠A = 70°
\ interior ∠A = 180° – 70° Sum of interior angles of a regular pentagon
= 110° = (5 – 2) × 180°
also, exterior ∠E = 60°
= 3 × 180°
\ interior ∠E = 180° – 60°
= 120° = 540°
C
∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E = 540°
x + x + x + x + x = 540°
30°

5x = 540°
540ϒ
x =
5
B x x D
70° 60° = 108° 3
A E

qqq

WORKSHEET-21
Solutions ∠y + ∠a = 180° (Linear Pair)
∠z + ∠a = 180° (Linear Pair)
1. Total measure of all exterior angles of a polygon is
∠p + ∠a = 180° (Linear Pair)
360°.
∠q + ∠a = 180° (Linear Pair)
x + y + z + p + q + r = 360° 3
∠r + ∠a = 180° (Linear Pair)
2. Sum of interior angles = (n – 2) × 180°
Hence, it is clear that
= (6 – 2) × 180°
x = y = z = p = q = r. 3
(n = no. of sides = 6) = 4 × 180°
360ϒ
= 720° 3. (a) Measure of each exterior angle =
n
720ϒ
Each interior angle = = 120°
6 360ϒ
No. of sides (n) = 6 = = 60°
∠x + ∠a = 180° (Linear Pair) 6

S OLUT I ONS P-23

 ( n − 2 ) × 180° or, z = 180° – 30° = 150°
(b) Measure of each interior angle =
n \ x + y + z = 90° + 120° + 150° = 360°
Hence, the value of x + y + z is 360° 3
 n = 6
(b) Let the given quadrilateral is ABCD, we know that
( 6 − 2 ) × 180° sum of the angles of a quadrilateral be 360°.
=
6 H
z D
4 × 180°
=
6 60°
y
Measure of each interior angle = 120° 3 G
80°
4. (a) We know that, the sum of three angles of a A
100°
C
triangle is 180°. 120°
x
Let the given triangle be ABC. w B F
E
E
B \ ∠DAB + ∠ADC + ∠DCB + ∠CBA = 360°
x or, ∠DAB + 60° + 80° + 120° = 360°
90° or, ∠DAB + 260° = 360°
z or, ∠DAB = 360° – 260° = 100°
D
30°
C Now, ∠CBF + ∠CBA = 180°
A [by linear pair]
y
F ∴ x + 120° = 180°
or, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° or, x = 180° – 120° = 60°
\ 30° + 90° + ∠C = 180° Similarly, ∠GCD + ∠DCB = 180°
[by linear pair]
\ ∠C + 120° = 180°
or, y + 80° = 180°
\ ∠C = 180° – 120° = 60° or, y = 180° – 80° = 100°
Now, ∠EBC + ∠ABC = 180° [by linear pair] ∴ ∠HDA + ∠ADC = 180°
x + 90° = 180° [by linear pair]
x = 180° – 90° = 90° or, z + 60° = 180°
Similarly or, z = 180° – 60° = 120°
and ∠EAB + ∠BAD = 180°
∠FCA + ∠ACB = 180° [by linear pair]
[by linear pair]
or, y + 60° = 180° or, w + 100° = 180°
y = 180° – 60° = 120° or, w = 180° – 100° = 80°
and ∠DAB + ∠BAC = 180° [by linear pair] ∴ x + y + z + w = 60° + 100° + 120° + 80° = 360°
or, z + 30° = 180° Hence, the value of x + y + z + w is 360° 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-22
Solutions 2. Let number of sides in a regular polygon be n.
Q Measure of each interior angle of a regular
1. Let number of sides in a regular polygon be n. ( n − 2 ) × 180°
polygon of sides n =
Q Measure of each exterior angle of a regular n
360 o ( n − 2 ) × 180°
polygon of sides (n) = \ = 165°
n n

360 o or, (n – 2) × 36 = 33 n
\
= 24°
n or, (n – 2) × 36 = 33 n
or, 36n – 72 = 33 n
or, 360° = 24° × n
or, 36n – 33n = 72
360 o or, 3n = 72
or, n =
24 72
or, n =
= 15° 3 3
\ There are 15 sides in a regular polygon.
= 24 3
\ Regular Polygon has 24 sides.

P-24 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 3. (a) Let if possible there be n sides in a polygon (b) Sum of exterior angles of a regular polygon of sides
whose exterior angle is of 22° n = 360°
\ Measure of each exterior angle of a regular Hence measure of each exterior angles of regular
360 o polygon of 15 sides
polygon of sides n =
n 360 o
= = 24° 2
360 o 15
or, = 22°
n 5. (a) In figure (a), ABC is a triangle
or, 360° = 22° n and ext. ∠A = 125°, ext. ∠B = x°, ext. ∠C = 125°
360 o
or, n = 125° C
22ϒ
180ϒ
or, n =
11ϒ
4ϒ x
or, n = 16 A
11 125° B
But number of sides cannot be in fraction \ The sum of exterior angles of a triangle
Hence, it is not possible to have a regular polygon = 360°
with measure of each exterior angle as 22°.
or, ext. ∠A + ext. ∠B + ext. ∠C = 360°
(b) Let if possible there be n sides in a polygon whose
interior angle is of 22°. or, 125° + x + 125° = 360°
\ Measure of each interior angle of a regular or, 250° + x = 360°
( n − 2 ) × 180 x = 110° 3
polygon of sides n = (b) In figure (b), ABCDE is a pentagon
n
Q Int. ∠B = 90°
( n − 2 ) × 180
or, = 22° \ ext. ∠B = 180° – Int. ∠B
n
= 180° – 90°
or, (n – 2) × 180° = 22° n Also, ext. ∠B = 90°
or, (n – 2) × 90° = 11° n D
or, 90° n – 180° = 11° n
or, 79° n = 180° 60°
189 E
or, n = C
79 70°
But number of sides in a polygon cannot be in
fraction.
Hence, 22° cannot be interior angle of a regular A B
polygon. 3
4. (a) The sum of exterior angles of regular polygon of ext ∠A = x, ext. ∠C = 60°
sides n = 360° ext. ∠D = 90°, ext ∠E = 70°
Hence, measure of each exterior angle of a regular  The sum of exterior angles of a pentagon = 360°
360 o \ x + 90° + 60° + 90° + 70° = 360°
polygon of 9 sides =
n or, x + 310° = 360°
360 o or, x = 360° – 310°
= = 40° 2
9 or, x = 50° 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-23
Solutions It is given that ABCD is a parallelogram
and ∠1 = ∠2
1. D C
2 ∠3 =∠4
3
In ∆’s ABC and ACD
∠1 = ∠2
∠3 = ∠4
4 and AC = AC (common)
1
A B ∴ By ASA congruency condition

S OLUT I ONS P-25

 AB = DC 5. In the kite ABCD, AB = AD and CB = CD. This kite
∴ It verify the property that opposite sides of a ABCD is not a parallelogram, but ∠ABC = ∠ADC
parallelogram are of equal length. 2 i.e., opposite angles are equal. 3
2. D C 6.  The adjacent angles are in the ratio of 3 : 2.
2
3 Let, the adjacent angles be 3x and 2x
 Since the sum of two adjacent angles in a ||gm is
180°
∴ 3x + 2x = 180°
4 or, 5x = 180°
1
A B o
180
It is given that ABCD is a parallelogram or, x =
5
Fig. obtained is a parallelogram
and ∠1 = ∠2 x = 36°
∠3 = ∠4 ∴ Adjacent angles are 3x = 3 × 36° = 108°
In ∆’s ABC and ∆ADC and 2x = 2 × 36° = 72° 4
∠1 = ∠2 7. Let ABCD be a parallelogram in which ∠A = ∠B.
∠3 = ∠4 We know that,
and AC = AC (Common) Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
∴ By ASA congruency condition D C
∠B = ∠D
∴ It verify the property that opposite angles of a
parallelogram are equal. 2
3. (a) AD = BC A B

Since, opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal ∴ ∠A = ∠C

(b) ∠DCB = ∠DAB and ∠B = ∠D
Since, opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are
supplementary
(c) OC = OA
∴ ∠A + ∠B = 180°
Since, diagonals of parallelogram bisects to each
 ∠A = ∠B
other.
∠A + ∠A = 180°
(d) ∠DAB + ∠CDA = 180°
2∠A = 180°
Since, the sum of two adjacent interior angles of a o
parallelogram is 180°. 180
∠A =
4. (a) Can be, but need not be. 2
(b) No; (in a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal; ∠A = 90°
but here, AD ≠ BC). ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90°
(c) No; (in a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal; Each is a right angle triangle. 4
but here, ∠A ≠ ∠C). 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-24
Solutions (∠HOP + ∠POF = 180°, ∠HOP = 180° – 70
40° + ∠Z + 110° = 180°
1. E P
x
y ∠Z + 150° = 180°
∠Z = 180° – 150°
40° ∠Z = 30°
z 70°
H O Again, adjacent angles are supplementary
In the above fig. HOPE is a parallelogram. ∠H + ∠E = 180°
We know that, adjacent angles are supplementary. ∠EHP + ∠PHO + x = 180°
∠H + ∠POH = 180° 40° + z + x = 180°
∠EHP + ∠PHO + (180° –70°) = 180° 40° + 30° + x = 180° (z = 30°)

P-26 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 x + 70° = 180° D
x = 180° – 70° y
x = 110° O x 30°
C
In ∆HOP, A
90°
z + y + ∠PHO = 180° z
(sum of all angles of a ∆ is 180°)
B
30° + y + 110° = 180°
(Sum of the interior angles of a triangle)
y + 140° = 180° or, 90° + y + 30° = 180°
y = 180° – 140° or, 120° + y = 180°
y = 40° or, y = 180° – 120°
x = 110°, y = 40°, z = 30°. 5 or, y = 60°
2. (a)  Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal  y = z (Alternate angle)
∴ z = 60° 3
∴ ∠B = ∠D and ∠A = ∠C
(d)  Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal
or, 100° = y[ ∠B = 100°, given]
∴ ∠D = ∠B
or, y = 100° or, y = 80°
 Sum of two adjacent angles is 180°  Sum of two adjacent angles of a parallelogram is
∴ ∠A + ∠B = 180° 180°
z
or, z + 100 = 180° D C
y
or, z = 180° – 100
z = 80°
x 80°
∴ x = z = 80° and y = 100° 3 A B
(b)  Sum of two adjacent angles in a parallelogram is ∴ ∠A + ∠B = 180°
180° or, x + 80° = 180°
∴ 50° + x = 180° or, x = 180° – 80°
or, x = 180° – 50° or, x = 100°
or, x = 130°  AB || CD
 Opposite angles in a parallelogram are equal ∴ z = ∠B
(Corresponding angles)
50° y or, z = 80° 3
(e)  Opposite angles of parallelogram are equal
∴ ∠D = ∠B
or, y = 112°
D C
x z y x

∴ x = y
or, 130° = y
or y = 130°
 x = z (corresponding angle)
or, 130° = z
or z = 130°
(c)  ∠AOB = ∠COD
(vertically opposite angles)
∴ 90° = x
or x = 90°
 x + y + 30° = 180°
40° 112°
z
A B
 The sum of interior angles of a triangle is 180°
∴ x + y + 40° = 180°
or, x + 112° + 40° = 180°
3 or, x + 152° = 180°
or, x = 180° –152°
x = 28°
 CD || AB
∴ x = z (Corresponding angle)
or, 28° = z
or z = 28° 3

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-27

 WORKSHEET-25
26
Solutions 4. (a) S N

x = 3, y = 13 4
K E S U 3x 18
1.
120° x
O G 3y – 1 U

GUNS is a parallelogram and we know that opposite
70° sides of a parallelogram are equal.
R L
I C Hence, GU = SN
RISK and CLUE are parallelogram and
In parallelogram RISK, we know adjacent angles
are supplementary 3y – 1 = 26
∴ ∠K + ∠S = 180° 3y = 26 + 1
∠S + 120° = 180° 3y = 27
∠S = 180° – 120° 27
∠S = 60° y =
3
In parallelogram CLUE,
We know that opposite angles are of equal measure. y = 9
∠L = ∠E
 GS = UN
∠E = 70° 3x = 18
In ∆EOS,
18
∠E + ∠O + ∠S = 180° x =
3
70° + x + 60° = 180°
x + 130° = 180° x = 6
x = 180° – 130° x = 6, y = 9 4
x = 50° 4
(b) RUNS is a parallelogram and we know that
2. In a trapezium, the sum of interior opposite angles diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
is 180°
S N
∠M + ∠L = 180° y
20
100° + 80° = 180° x+
So, KLMN is a trapezium. y+
16 O 7
or, NM || KL
N M R U

US and RN are diagonals

10
0°

∴
RO = ON and SO = OU
SO = OU
80° 20 = y + 7
K L4
y = 20 – 7
3. It is given that line AB is parallel to DC and sum of
y = 13
interior opposite angles is 180°
∠B + ∠C = 180° RO = ON
∠C + 120° = 180° (∠B = 120° given) 16 = x + y
∠C = 180° – 120° x + 13 = 16
∠C = 60°
D
x = 16 – 13
C
x = 3
x = 3, y = 13

120° qqq
A B 4

P-28 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-26
Solutions 6. (a) False (e) False
(b) True (f) True
1. (a) Rhombus; square. (b) Square; rectangle. 2
(c) True (g) True
2. (a) A square has 4 sides; so it is a quadrilateral.
(d) False (h) True
(b) A square has its opposite sides parallel; so it is a
7. It is given that, line SP is parallel to RQ and sum of
parallelogram.
interior opposite angle is equal to 180°
(c) A square is a parallelogram with all the 4 sides
equal; so it is a rhombus. ∠P + ∠Q = 180°
(d) A square is a parallelogram with each angle a right ∠P + 130° = 180° [∠Q = 130° (Given)]
angle; so it is a rectangle. 2 ∠P = 180° – 130°
3. (a) Parallelogram, rhombus, square or rectangle ∠P = 50°
are the quadrilaterals, whose diagonals bisect each S R
other.
(b) Rhombus or square are the quadrilaterals, whose
diagonals are perpendicular bisector to each other. 130°
(c) Square or rectangle are the quadrilaterals, whose Q
diagonals are equal. 3
4. In a rectangle, if we join the points then it represents
two diagonals which lie in interior of the rectangle. P
Thus, a rectangle is a convex quadrilateral. 3 Similarly,
5. AO || BC ∠S + ∠R = 180°
AB || DC, ∴ ABCD is a parallelogram and diagonals ∠S + 90° = 180° (∠R = 90° (Given))
of a parallelogram bisect each other. ∠S = 90°
∴ AO = OC = OB = OD, hence O is equidistant ∠S = 180° – 90° = 90° 4
from A, B and C. 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-27
Solutions 8. In the given trapezium ABCD, we have AB || CD
Also, sum of interior angles A and D is 180°.
1. (d) 1
∴ ∠A + ∠D = 180°
2. (c) 1
(x – 20°) + (x + 40°) = 180°
3. (a) 1
x – 20° + x + 40° = 180°
4. (a) 1
2x + 20° = 180°
5. (d) 1
2x = 160°
6. Since, the given polygon is a regular polygon.
x = 80° 3
∴ Its each exterior angle is equal.
9.  The sum of interior angles of a quadrilateral = 360°
 Sum of all the exterior angels of any polygon
∴ x + 120° + 130° + 50° = 360°
= 360°
o
∴ x + 300° = 360°
360 ∴ x = 360° – 300°
∴
Number of exterior angles = o =9
40 x = 60° 3
or, Number of sides = 9 1 10. We know that the diagonals of a rhombus bisect
7. Since interior angle = 108° each other at 90° (right angle)
So, exterior angle = 180° – 108° = 72° ∴ ∠AOM = 90°
o In ∠AOM
360
Number of sides = ∠AOM + ∠OAM + ∠AMO = 180°
each exterior angle
90° + 70° + ∠AMO = 180°
o
360 160° + ∠AMO = 180°
= o
72 ∠AMO = 180° – 160° = 20°
= 5 1 ∠AME = ∠AMO = 20°

S OLUT I ONS P-29

 Now in ∆AEM, AE = AM (sides of rhombus)
∠AME = ∠AEM ∴ ∠AEM = 20° 3
( angle opposite to equal sides are equal)

qqq

WORKSHEET-28
Solutions ∴
x + 290° = 360°
or x = 360° – 290°
1. (c) 1
2. (a) 1 ∴
x = 70° 3
3. (a) 1 9. ∴ Opposite angles of ||gm are equal
4. (a) 1 ∴ 6y = 120° ⇒ y = 20°
5. (d) 1 Now, 5x + 10° + 6y = 180°
6. Let the angles be 3x, 4x, 5x, 6x. 5x + 10° + 6 × 20° = 180°
Thus, 3x + 4x + 5x + 6x = 360°, Since, sum of the 5x + 130° = 180°
angles of a quadrilateral is 360°. 5x = 180° – 130°
So, 18x = 360° 5x = 50° ⇒ x = 10° 3
or, x = 20° 10.
Let ABCD be a parallelogram such that adjacent
angles ∠A = ∠B
Thus, angles are 60°, 80°, 100°, 120°. 2
Since, ∠A + ∠B = 180°
7. Let the angles be 4x and 5x.
or, 2∠A = 180°
Then, 4x + 5x = 180° o
180
9x = 180° ∴ ∠A = ∠B = = 90°
2
x = 20°
So, angles are 4 × 20° = 80° and 5 × 20° = 100°. 2 Since, opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
8.  Sum of all the exterior angles of a quadrilateral ∴ ∠A = ∠C = 90°
and ∠B = ∠D = 90°
= 360°
Thus, ∠A = 90°, ∠B = 90°,
∴ x + 65° + 115° + 110° = 360°
∠C = 90° and ∠D = 90° 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-29
Solutions 9. ∠S = ∠Q = 60° [Each angle of an equilateral triangle
is 60°.]
1. (c) 1 and
2. (a) 1
∠P = ∠1 + ∠2 = 60° + 60° = 120° = ∠R
3. (a) 1
Hence, ∠S = ∠Q = 60° and ∠P = ∠R = 120° 3
4. (d) 1
5. (a) 1 10. ∠RYO = ∠RUO = 120°
6. In the given figure ∠y + 90° = 180° (linear pair) (Opposite angles of a parallelogram)
∠y = 90° ∠RYO + ∠RYS = 180° (Linear pair)
Now, sum of exterior angles of a polygon is 360°. 120° + ∠RYS = 180°
Therefore, x + 60° + 90° + 90° + 40° = 360° or, ∠RYS = 60°
x + 280° = 360° In ∆RSY,
x = 80° 2 ∠SRY + ∠RYS + ∠YSR = 180°
7. No, because a rectangle has equal diagonals. 2 50° + 60° + ∠YSR = 180°
360
o
∠YSR = 180° – 110°
8. Exterior angle of a regular pentagon = o = 72° ∠YSR = 70° 3
5
o 11. (a) We know that,
360
Exterior angle of a regular decagon = o = 36° A pentagon has five sides, then n = 5
10 But each interior angle of a regular polygon
o
72 n−2
∴
Ratio between these two = o = 2 : 1 2 =   × 180°
36  n 

P-30 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 ∴ Each interior angle of a regular pentagon 12. (a) Let ∠A = 3x, ∠B = 5x, ∠C = 7x and ∠D = 9x
5−2 We know that, in a quadrilateral
=   × 180°
 5  ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360°
3 Then, 3x + 5x + 7x + 9x = 360°
=   × 180° or 24x = 360°
5
o
= 3 × 36° = 108° 360
or x = = 15°
Since decagon has 10 sides, then 24
o
 360  Therefore,
Exterior angle of a regular decagon =   = 36° ∠A = 3x = 3 × 15° = 45°
 10 
∠B = 5x = 5 × 15° = 75°
Therefore, interior angle of regular pentagon
∠C = 7x = 7 × 15° = 105°
= 3 × 36° = 108°
and ∠D = 9x = 9 × 15° = 135°
= 3 × The exterior angle of a regular decagon
(b) Yes, an equilateral triangle is a regular polygon
(b) Yes, a rectangle is not a regular polygon because it
because it is both equiangular and equilateral. 4
is equiangular but not equilateral. 4

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S OLUT I ONS P-31

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
4 PRACTICAL GEOMETRY

WORKSHEET-30
Solutions B

1. (a) Steps of construction :

(1) Draw IT = 4 cm

5·
cm

6
cm
6
(2) With I as centre and If (= 3 cm) as radius, draw an

5·
arc.
(3) With T as centre and TL (=2.5 cm) as radius draw an D E
6·5 cm
arc.
(4) With I as centre and IT (= 4 cm) as radius draw an

5·

cm
6
cm
arc.

6
5·
(5) With L as centre and LF (= 4.5 cm) as radius draw
an arc to intersect the arc. N

F (3) With E as centre and EB (= 5.6 cm) as radius draw

L an arc to intersect the arc at B.
4·5 cm
(4) With D as centre and DN (= 5.6) as radius draw an
arc.
3 cm

2·5 cm

(5) With E as centre and EN (= 5.6) as radius draw an

arc to intersect the arc at N. Joining the BD, BE, DN,
NE.
I T Then, BEND is the required rhombus. 3
4 cm 3
(b) Steps of construction : 2. (a) Steps of construction :
(1) Draw DL = 5 cm (1)
First, we draw ABC using SSS construction
condition.
(2) Taking D as a centre draw an arc of radius 6 cm.
B
(3) Taking L as a centre draw an arc of radius 6 cm.
These arcs intersect to each other at G. 5·
5
cm
cm

(4) Now taking D as a centre draw an arc of radius 10

5
4·

cm.
7 cm
(5) Taking L as a centre draw an arc of radius 7.5 cm. A C
These arcs intersect to each other at D.
Join DG, GO & LD then, GOLD is a required quadri- 6
cm
m
4c

lateral.
G O
D
6 cm
(2) Now, we have to locate the fourth point D. This ‘D’
6 cm would be on the side opposite to B with reference to
7·5 cm
AC. D is 9 cm away from A. So, draw an arc of radius
10 cm
on.

D 5 cm L
3 (3) D is 6 cm away from A. So, draw an arc of radius
6cm. D is 4 cm away from A. So, draw an arc of
(c) Steps of construction :
radius 4 cm.
(1) Draw DE = (6.5cm)
(2) With D as centre and DB (= 5.6 cm) as radius draw (4) D should lie on both the arcs drawn. So, its point of
an arc. intersection of the two arcs. ABCD is the required
quadrilateral. 3

P-32 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 (b) Steps of construction :
M
Draw PU = 6.5 cm
(1)
(2) With P as centre and PJ (= 4.5 cm) as radius draw an
arc.

6
m

cm
(3) With U as centre and JU (= 3.5 cm) as radius, draw

6c
another arc to intersect the arc at J.

J E O
7·5 cm
4·
5
cm cm
3·

5 cm
5

4· 4·
5
cm

R
P U
6·5 cm
(d) Steps of construction :
5
cm (1) Draw ET (= 6cm)
cm (2) With E and T as centre and EB (=4.5 cm) and BT (=
4
4.5 cm) as radius, draw an arc to interest the arc at B.
M B

(4) With P as centre and PM (=5cm) and MU (= 4cm)

4·
as radius, draw another arc to intersect the arc at M.

5
cm

cm
Join PJ, JU, MU, and PM. 3 5
4·

(c) Steps of construction : E T

6 cm
(1)
Firstly, we draw EO = 7.5 cm
(2) Next, E and O as centre and (EM = 6cm = MO) as
4·

cm
radius, draw an arc to intersect the arc at M.
5
cm

5
4·
(3) Similarly, draw an arc to intersect the arc at R.
and Join EM, MO, OR and RE. 3 S

(3) With E and T as centre and ES = ST (= 4.5 cm) as

radius, draw an arc to intersect the arc at S.
Join EB, BT, TS, and ST. 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-31
Solutions (4) Draw ∠EAY = 90°
(5) With A as centre and radius AR = 4.5 cm draw an
1. (a) Steps of construction : arc to intersect say AY at R.
(1) Draw DE = 4 cm (6) Join DR
(2) Draw ∠DEX = 60° Then, DEAR is the required quadrilateral. 3
X
(b) Steps of construction :
A (1) Draw TR = 3.5 cm
4·5 cm (2) Draw ∠TRX = 75°
R
Y (3) With R as centre and radius RU (= 3cm) draw an arc
5 cm to intersect say RX at U.
60° (4) At U draw ∠RUY = 120°
D E (5) With U, as centre and radius UE (= 4 cm) draw an
4 cm
arc to intersect ray UY at E.
(3) With E as centre and radius AE = 5 cm draw an arc (6) Join TE
to intersect say EX at A.

S OLUT I ONS P-33

 Y X Steps of construction :
4 cm
E U (1) Draw PL = 4 cm
120° (2) At L draw an angle PLX = 75°
(3) From ray LX, cut LA = 6.5 cm
(4) At A, draw an angle LAY = 110°

3 cm
(5) AT P, draw an angle ZPL = 90° and let rays PZ and
AY intersect each other at N.
75° Then, PLAN is the required quadrilateral. 3
T 3·5 cm R
(c) Steps of construction :
Then, TRUE is the required quadrilateral. 3
(1) Draw a line segment HE = 5 cm
2. (a) Steps of construction : (2) Draw an angle ∠HEX = 85° at E
Z
Y E (3) From ray ∠X cut EA = 6 cm.
X
X
R 5 cm A
150° R
6 cm
6 cm
85°
4°5 cm E
H 5 cm
(4) Taking A as a centre draw an arc of radius 5 cm.
60° 105° (5) Taking H as a centre draw an arc of radius 6 cm.
M 6 cm O These arc intersect to each other at R.
(1) Draw MO = 6 cm Join HR and AR. HEAR is the required parallelogram.
(2) At O draw an angle MOX = 105° 3
(3) From ray OX, cut OR = 4.5 cm (d) Steps of construction :
X
(4) At R draw an angle YRO = 150°
(5) At M draw an angle ZMO = 60° and let rays YX and 7 cm
Y A
MZ intersect each other at E.
Then, MORE is the required quadrilateral. 3
(b) First, we find the angle L. 5 cm 5 cm
∠P + ∠A + ∠N + ∠L = 360°
90° + 110° + 85° + ∠L = 360° O 7 cm K
∠L = 75° (1) Draw a line segment OK = 7 cm
X
Z (2) Draw angle OKX = 90°
Y
N (3) Draw the arc of radius 5 cm taking A as a centre
A
which cuts KX at A.
110°
(4) Taking A as a centre draw an arc of radius 7 cm.
6·5 cm (5) Taking O as a centre draw an arc of radius 5 cm.
These arcs intersect to each other at Y. OKAY is the
90° 75°
required rectangle. 3
P L

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WORKSHEET-32
Solutions (b) Draw QR ⊥ PQ from the end Q.
(c) Draw RS || PQ and PS || QR.
1. Steps of construction :
(d) PQRS is a rectangle.
(a) Draw a line segment PQ of any length.

P-34 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 S R perpendicular bisector.
 5.2 
S R (b) Draw arc of 2.6 cm  = 2.6 on both sides of
90°
 2 
90°
perpendicular bisector at point B and D.
(c) Joint points D and B with point A and C, respectively
90° 90° D
P Q P Q C
2. Steps of construction :

2·
6
cm

cm
(a) Draw a line segment AY of 8 cm. 6·4
(b) Taking A and Y as centre draw the arcs of radius 4

2.
cm on the same side of AY which intersect to each

6
cm
other at E. A
(c) Taking A and Y as a centre draw the arcs of radius 6 B
cm on the other side of AY which intersect to each So, ABCD is the required rhombus.
other at S. Join AE and YE, AS and YS, EASY is a 5. Steps of construction :
kite. (a) Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm and an angle of 90°
E at point A and B.
(b) As vertex C and D are 4 cm away from vertex B and
4 cm 4 cm A respectively, cut line segment AD and BC each of
4 cm length.
A Y 5 cm
8 cm D C

6 cm 6 cm
4 cm

4 cm
S
Properties of kite which we use in this process :
90° 90°
(i) adjacent sides EA and EY are equal.
A 5 cm B
(ii) adjacent sides AS and YS are equal. 3
3. Steps of construction : So, ABCD is the required rectangle. 3
(a) Draw a line segment RE of 5.1 cm and an angle at 6. Steps of construction :
point R and E. (a) Draw a line segment OK = 5.5 cm.
(b) As vertex A and D are 5.1 cm away from vertex E (b) Draw angle OKX = 90°
and R, cut line segment RD and EA of 5 cm each (c) Draw the arc of radius 4.2 cm taking A as a centre
which cuts KX at A.
from these rays.
(d) Taking A as a centre draw an arc of radius 5.5 cm.
(c) Join A to D. X
D 5·1 cm
A
Y 5.5 cm A
5·1 cm

5·1 cm

4.2 cm 4.2 cm

O 5.5 cm K
R 5·1 cm E (e) Taking O as a centre draw an arc of radius 4.2 cm.
So, READ is the required square. 3 These arcs intersect to each other at Y. OKAY is the
4. Steps of construction : required parallelogram.
(a) Draw a line segment AC of 6.4 cm and draw its As opposite sides are parallel and equal so it is a
rectangle
qqq

WORKSHEET-33
1. (c) 1 4. (b) 1
2. (a) 1 5. (b) 1
3. (a) 1
6. The rough sketch of quadrilateral ABCD. 2

S OLUT I ONS P-35

 7. D 4·5 cm C Steps of Construction
(a) Draw AB = 5cm
cm (b) Draw ray AY such that ∠BAY = 120°
6
4·5 cm 4·5 cm (c) Mark a point D such that AD = 5cm
O
(d) Draw ray BX such that ∠ABX = 60°
(e) Mark a point C such that BC = 5cm
A 4·5 cm B (f) Join C and D
Step of Construction : ∴ ABCD is the required rhombus. 3
(a) Draw AB = 4.5 cm. 9. Steps of Construction :
(b) With A as centre and radius 6 cm draw an arc above (a) Draw AB = 6 cm.
AB.
(b) With A as centre and radius 6·8 cm, draw an arc.
(c) With B as centre draw an arc to cut the arc drawn in
step 2 at point C. (c) With B as centre and radius 4·5 cm draw another arc,
cutting the previous arc at C.
(d) Join AC and BC.
D 6·0 cm C
(e) With A and C as centre and radius 4.5 cm draw arcs
which intersect each other at D.
(f) ABCD is the required rhombus.  3 cm
4·5 cm 8 4·5 cm
8. ∠B = 60° (suppose) 6·
∠A + ∠B = 180° (sum of co-interior angles)
∠A + 60° = 180° B
A 6·0 cm
∠A = 120°
AB = BC = CD = DA = 5cm (d) Join BC and AC.
Y X (e) With A as centre and radius 4·5 cm, draw an arc.
D 5 cm (f) With C as centre and radius 6 cm draw another arc,
C cutting the previously drawn arc at D.
(g) Join DA and DC.
5 cm Thus, ABCD is the required parallelogram. 3
5 cm
120°
60°

A 5 cm B

qqq

WORKSHEET-34
Solutions X

D 3 cm C
1. (d) 1
2. (d) 1
3. (c) 1
4. (b) 1
cm

5. (d) 1
5

6. Two diagonals. 1
7. Diagonals of a rectangle are equal.
AC = BD = 5 cm A B
3 cm

P-36 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 Steps of Construction : 9. Steps of Construction :
(a) Draw AB = 3 cm. (a) Draw AB = 5·2 cm.
(b) Draw a ray BX such that ∠ABX = 90°. 6.4
(b) With A as centre and radius = = 3·2 cm, draw an
(c) Draw an arc such that AC = 5 cm. 2
(d) With B as centre, draw an arc of radius 5cm. With arc.
C as centre draw another arc of radius 3cm, which
intersect first arc at a point, suppose D. 6
(c) With B as centre and radius = = 3 cm, draw
(e) Join CD and AD 2
ABCD is the required rectangle. 3 another arc, cutting the previous arc at O.
8. Cyclic quadrilateral D C
∠B = ∠D = 90° (Angle in a semicircle)
∠A =∠C = 90°
∠B + ∠D = 180° 3c
cm O m
3·2
∠A + ∠C = 180° 5·2 cm
opposite ∠s are supplementary. A B
(d) Join OA and OB.
B (e) Produce AO to C such that, OC = AO and produce BO
to D such that, OD = OB.
(f) Join AD, BC and CD.
Then, ABCD is the required parallelogram. 3
A C

qqq

WORKSHEET-35
Solutions (b) With centre at L and radius = 6 cm, draw an arc.
(c) With centre at C and radius = 7.5 cm, draw another
1. (b) 1
arc to intersect the previous arc at E.
2. (c) 1
(d) Join EC and EL.
3. (b) 1
(e) With centre at E and radius = 7.5 cm, draw an arc
4. (b) 1
on the side apposite to that C.
5. (c) 1
(f) With centre at L and radius = 7.5 cm, draw another
6. Square. 1
arc to intersect the previous arc at U.
7.
U 7·5 cm E (g) Join UE and UL
Thus, CLUE in the required rhombus. 1

7·5 cm 8. Steps of Construction :

cm

7·5 cm
(a) Draw AB = 4·8 cm.
6

(b) With A as centre and radius equal to 6 cm, draw an

C arc.
L 7·5 cm
(c) With B as centre and radius equal to 4·3 cm, draw
Steps of Construction :
another arc cutting the previous arc at C.
(a) Draw a line segment LC = 7.5 cm.

S OLUT I ONS P-37

 3·6 cm C 10. (a) Steps of Construction :
D
(a) Draw AC = 5.2 cm.
(b) Draw perpendicular bisector XY of AC, then AO =
cm OC = 2.6 cm.
4·2 cm 6 4·3 cm
(c) Draw two arcs of radius = 2.6 cm with centre O,
arcs intersects XY at C and D.
B (d) Join AB, BC, CD and DA, then ABCD is a required
A 4·8 cm square.
(d) Join BC. X
(e) With A as centre and radius equal to 4·2 cm, draw an
arc on the side opposite to that of B.
(f) With C as centre and radius equal to 3·6 cm, draw D
another arc cutting the previous arc at D.
(g) Join AD and CD.
Thus, ABCD is the required quadrilateral. 3

2·6 cm
9. Steps of Construction :
(a) Draw a line segment ON = 5.6 cm. O
(b) Draw two arcs with centre O and N of equal radius A C
2·6 cm 2·6 cm
(any radius)

2·6 cm
(c) Make ∠NOW = 90° with centre O and ∠ONS = 45°
with centre N.
(d) From O cut off OW = 2.7 cm and SN = 6 cm from N.
(e) Join SW then SNOW is the required quadrilateral.
B
S
y
6 cm
W (b) Yes, we can draw a parallelogram BATS, where
BA = 5 cm, AT = 6 cm and AS = 6.5 because the
2·7 cm
opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal in
length. 6
90°
45°
O N
5·6 cm  4

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P-38 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
CHAPTER
SECTION

B
5 DATA HANDLING

WORKSHEET-36
Solutions
1. (a) The horizontal (X) axis shows, the month and the vertical (Y) axis shows, the number of watches sold.
Y
Number of watches sold

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

X
July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
5 Month
(b) The horizontal (X) axis shows, the children who prefer school and the vertical (Y) axis shows, the walking and
cycling.
y

55 Walking

50
Cycling
45
40
25
30
25
20
15
0 x
School A School B School C 5
(c) The horizontal (X) axis shows the teams and the vertical (Y) axis shows the Champion Trophy to World Cup
- 06 and last 10 ODI in 07.
y

80
75
Wold Cup — 06
70
Last 10 ODI in 07
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
0 x
South Australia SriLanka New ze- England Pakistan West- India
Africa aland Indies 5

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-39

 WORKSHEET-37
Solutions 3. (a) The size of the class interval is 25.
(b) The highest frequency class is 200 – 225.
1. (a) The histogram shows the information of the
heights of girls of class VIIth. (c) The lowest frequency class is 300 – 325.
(b) Fourth group contains maximum girls. (d) 275 is the upper limit of the class interval 250 – 275.
(c) 7 girls have height of 145 cm and more. (e) 150 – 175 and 225 – 250 have the same frequency. 5
(d) (i) Group A contains 3 girls 4. Frequency distribution of 20 students of a class.
(ii) Group B contains 11 girls
(iii) Group C contains 6 girls. 4 Class Interval Frequency
2. The frequency distribution table for the above data is. (Weight in kg) (No of students)
Animals Tally marks Frequency 30 – 35 3
35 – 40 4
1. Dog |||| |||| 10
40 – 45 4

2. Cat |||| |||| 10 45 – 50 5

50 – 55 1
3. Fish ||| 3
55 – 60 1
4. Rabbit |||| 4
60 – 65 2
5. Cow | 1
Total 20
Total 28
5
 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-38
Solutions Y

1. We use a histogram for the height of competitors

30 28
in an athletics meet and the number of passengers
boarding trains from 7.00 am. to 7.00 pm. at a 25
station. i.e. in (b) and (d). 20
15
Number

Because, in both cases the data can be divided into 15

12
two class interval. 4 10
5
5
2. Frequency Distribution Table
X
W M B G
Shopper Tally marks Number shoppers
5
W |||| |||| |||| |||| |||| ||| 28 3. Frequency distribution of weekly wages (in `) of
30 workers of a factory.

|||| |||| |||| Interval Tally marks Frequency

M 15
800 – 810 ||| 3

B |||| 5 810 – 820 || 2

820 – 830 | 1
G |||| |||| || 12
830 – 840 |||| |||| 9

Bar Graph : The horizontal (X) shows, the Shoppers 840 – 850 |||| 5
and the vertical (Y) axis shows, the number of 850 – 860 | 1
shoppers.
860 – 870 ||| 3

P-40 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 Y
870 – 880 | 1 9 9
880 – 890 | 1 8
890 – 900 |||| 4 7

Number of Workers
6
Total 30 5
5
5 4
4
4. The frequency-table 3 3
3
2
800 – 810 3 2
1 1 1 1
810 – 820 2 1
0 X
820 – 830 1 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900

Wages
830 – 840 9
840 – 850 5 (a) The maximum no. of workers has wages
between ` 830 – 840.
850 – 860 1
(b) 10 workers earn ` 850 and more.
860 – 870 3
(c) 20 workers earn less than ` 850. 5
870 – 880 1
5. (a) The maximum number of students watched TV
880 – 890 1 for 4-5 hours.
890 – 900 4 (b) 34 students watched TV for less than 4 hours.
The horizontal (X) axis shows the wages (in `) and (c) 14 students spent more than 5 hours in watching TV.
the vertical (Y) axis shows the number of workers. 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-39
Solutions 1000 × 20
Then, semi classical music CD’s are =
100
1. (a) 20 people liked classical music and according to
pie chart 10% like classical music = 200
40% people liked light music
20 × 100
Then, = = 200 1000 × 40
10 Then, light music CD’s are =
100
Hence, 200 people were surveyed. = 400
Semi Classical
30% people liked folk music
1000 × 30
Classical Then, folk music CD’s are =
10% 20% 100
= 300
Light Therefore,
Folk 40% Classical – 100. Semi classical – 200, Light – 400, Folk
30% – 300. 3
2. (a) Winter season got the most votes.
(b) We make a table to find the central angle of each
(b) The maximum number of people is liked light sector.
music. Seasons No. of In Fractions of 360°
(c) A cassette company were to make CD’s. Then they votes fraction (Central angle)
make each type of music as,
90 1 1
Total CD’s 1000 Summer 90 = of 360° = 90°
360 4 4
10% people liked classical music.
1000 × 10 120 1 1
Then, classical music CD’s are = Rainy 120 = of 360° = 120°
100 360 3 3
= 100 150 5 5
20% people liked semi classical music Winter 150 = of 360° = 150°
360 12 12

S OLUT I ONS P-41

 (c) A pie chart is : Girls or Boys
40
Sum- (b) Walk = × 360° = 144°
100
mer
90° Winter 40
150° Bus or car = × 360° = 144°
100
Rainy
120° 20
Cycle = × 360° = 72°
 3 100
3. (a) Entertainment is viewed the most.
(b) Informative and News (10% + 15% = 25%) have Walk
number of viewers equal to these watching sports 40%
channels. 2 20%
4. The pie chart is : Cycle
8 hours Bus or Car
40%
Sleeping
4 hours Home
Transport of School
work
School 85
(c) Love = × 360° = 306°
Play 100
6 hours
4 hours Others 15
2 hours 5 Hate = × 360° = 54°
100
1
5. (a) Girls = of 360° = 180°
2
1 Love
Boys = of 360° = 180°
2

Girls
15%
50%
Hate

Love/Hate Mathematics 8
Boys
50%

qqq

WORKSHEET-40
Solutions 6.

1. It will start or not i.e., two. 1 Language Number of In Central Angle

2. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 1 Students fraction
3. Possible outcomes = A, B, C. 1 40 5 5
4. The total possible outcomes are = W, R, B, G, Y. 1 Hindi 40 = of 360° = 200°
72 9 9
5. (a) ∴ Number of outcomes getting a green sector = 5
∴ Number of outcomes not getting green sector = 3 12 1 1
(b)  Green sector = 5 English 12 = of 360° = 60°
72 6 6
and Total sector = 8
5 9 1 1
Hence, the Probability of getting green sector = Marathi 9 = of 360° = 45°
8 72 8 8
(c) Number of sectors which are not green = 3 7 7 7
and Total sector = 8 Tamil 7 = of 360° = 35°
72 72 72
Hence, the probability of not getting a green sector
3
= 2
8

P-42 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
  135 – 105 = 30
4 1 1
Bengali 4 = of 360° = 20° ∴ 30 more marks were obtained by the students in
72 18 18
Mathematics than in Hindi.
Total 72
(c) Yes, Sum of marks obtained in Social Science &
Pie chart is Mathematics = 97.5 + 135 = 232.5
li
Benga
il Sum of marks obtained in Science & Hindi = 120 +
m
Ta 20° 105 = 225
35°
Hence, the sum of the marks obtained in Social
i
Marath

45° Hindi Science & Mathematics is more than that in Science

200° & Hindi. 5
English
60° 8.
No. of In
5 Colours Fraction of 360°
people fraction
7.
Subject Centre Marks obtained 18 1 1
Blue 18 = of 360° = 180°
angle 36 2 2
70 9 1 1
Hindi 70° ×540 = 105 Green 9 = of 360° = 90°
360 36 4 4
55 6 1 1
English 55° ×540 = 82.5 Red 6 = of 360° = 60°
360 36 6 6
90 3 1 1
Mathematics 90° ×540 = 135 Yellow 3 = of 360° = 30°
360 36 12 12
65 The pie chart is :
Social Science 65° ×540 = 97.5
360
30 llow
Ye
°

80 Red
Science 80° ×540 = 120 60° Blue
360 180°
Green
(a) In Hindi student score 105 marks. 90°
(b) Marks score in Mathematics = 135  5
& Marks score in Hindi = 105

qqq

WORKSHEET-41
Solutions (ii) For a number not greater than 5
The outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2
1. (a) The outcomes of a spinning wheel are A, B, C, D 3. (a) Total outcomes of a spinning a wheel = 5
(b) The outcomes of tossing two coins together are HT, but a pointer stopping on D
HH, TH, TT
1
Here, H is Head and T is tail Then, the probability =
Now, HT means Head on first coin and Tail on the 5
second coin. 2 (b) There are 4 ace out of 52 cards.
2. (a) The outcomes of dice is thrown 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 4 1
(i) For, a prime number Probability of getting ace = =
52 13
The outcomes are 2, 3, 5
(c) Total number of apples = 7
(ii) For, not a prime number
The outcomes are 1, 4, 6 Number of red apples = 4
(b) (i) For, a number greater than 5 Probability of getting a red apples
The outcomes is only 6

S OLUT I ONS P-43

 No. of red apples 4 2
= = 2 =
Total No. of apples 7 5
(d)  1 digit numbers = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
1
4. (a) Probability of getting a number 6 = 6, 7, 8, 9
10 ∴ Favourable outcomes = 9
(b)  Numbers less than 6 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Total outcomes = 10
Hence, the probability of getting a 1 digit number
∴ Favourable outcomes = 5 9
and Total outcomes = 10 = 4
10 
Hence, the probability of getting a number less than 6 5. Total number of sectors = 3 + 1 + 1
5 = 5
=
10 Number of green sectors = 3
3
1 Probability of getting a green sector =
= 5
2
Number of blue sector = 1
(c)  Number greater then 6 = 7, 8, 9, 10 1
Then, probability of getting a blue sector =
Favourable outcomes = 4 5
and Total outcomes =10 1
Probability of getting a non blue sector = 1 –
Hence, the probability of getting a number greater 5
than 6
4
4 =
= 5 4
10

qqq

WORKSHEET-42
Solutions 120 3 3
B 120 = × 360° = 108°
1. (d) 1 400 10 10
2. (a) 1 90 9 9
3. (b) 1 C 90 = × 360° = 81°
400 40 40
4. (c) 1
5. (d) 1 40 1 1
D 40 = × 360° =36°
6. Arranging the given data in ascending order, we 400 10 10
get the height (in cm) as :
128, 132, 139, 140, 142, 143, 146, 148, 149, 152, 154. 20 1 1
E 20 = × 360° =18°
(a) 154 400 20 20
(b) 128
(c) 26 3 The pie chart is
7. (a) 65 – 75
(b) 75 – 85
(c) 10 B
A
108°
(d) 75 117°
(e) 85 5
8. Total number of shoes = 400 81°
We find the central angle for each sector C 36° 18°
E
D
Brand Number of In fraction central angle 5
shoes

130 13 13
A 130 = × 360° = 117° qqq
400 40 40

P-44 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-43
Solutions 6. Total number of people = 120

1. (b) 1 We find the central angle for each sector.

2. (b) 1 Favourite Number In Central angle
3. (i) (c) 1 food of people fraction
(ii) (c) 1
(iii) (d) 1 30 1 1
North Indian 30 = ×360° = 90°
4. (a) 20 (b) 60 120 4 4

(c) 4 (d) 20-30 40 1 1

South Indian 40 = ×360° =120°
(e) 30-40 (f) 10 6 120 3 3

5. 25 5 5
Chinese 25 = ×360° = 75°
Class interval Tally marks Frequency 120 24 24
800 – 810 ||| 3 25 5 5
Others 25 = ×360° = 75°
810 – 820 || 2 120 24 24
820 – 830 | 1 The pie chart is
830 – 840 |||| |||| 9
North
840 – 850 |||| 5 South Indian
Indian
90°
850 – 860 | 1 120°
860 – 870 ||| 3 75°
75° Others
870 – 880 | 1
Chinese
880 – 890 | 1
890 – 900 |||| 4  5

Total 30
5
qqq

WORKSHEET-44
Solutions (b) Money spent on education = 25% of 10 crores

1. (b) 1 = 2,50,00,000
2. (c) 1 Money spent on road = 10,00,00,000
3. (d) 1
25000000
4. (d) 1 ⇒ = 2.5 times
10000000
5. (b) 1
6. (a) Certain to happen (c) Total expenditure = 10,00,00,000
(b) May or may not happen
Money spent on both roads and public welfare
(c) Certain to happen
= 10% + 20% = 30%
(d) Impossible to happen
(e) Impossible to happen 3 crores 3
So, fraction = = 3
(f) May or may not happen 3 10 crores 10
7. (a) Money spent on roads = 10% of 10 crores 8. Since, Total no. of outcomes = 100 (bulbs)
10 Total no. of defective bulbs = 8
= × 10 crores = 1 crore ½
100

S OLUT I ONS P-45

 Then, 92 23
(b) P (non-defective bulbs) = = 3
Total no. of non-defective bulbs = 100 – 8 = 92 100 25
We know that, 9. (a) Since, total no. of outcomes = 10 + 20 = 30
 Probability of an event,
∴ Probability of an event, P(E)
Favourable outcomes
Favourable outcomes P (E) =
= Total number of outcomes
Total number of outcomes
10 1
Then, P(getting a prize) = =
Therefore, 30 3
8 2 (a) 250 cars were produced in the month of July.
(a) P (defective bulbs) = =
100 25 (b) Maximum number (= 400) of cars were produced in
the month of September. 4

qqq

P-46 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
CHAPTER
SECTION

B
6 SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS

Solutions
1. (a) The perfect square number between 30 and 40 is
36.
(b) There are no perfect square numbers between 50
and 60.
2. (a) A number 727 have 7 in the unit’s place, which is
odd. So, it’s square is also an odd number.
(b) A number 158 have 8 in the unit’s place which is
even. So, it’s square is also an even number.
(c) A number 269 have 9 in the unit’s place which is
odd. So, it’s square is also an odd number.
(d) A number 1980 have 0 in the unit’s place which is
even. So, it’s square is also an even number.
3. (a) 60 = 3600
The number of zeros in the square of 60 is 2.
(b) 400 = 160000
The number of zeros in the square of 400 is 4.
4. (a) 1234 : The one’s digit in the square is 6.
(b) 26387 : The one’s digit in the square is 9.
(c) 52698 : The one’s digit in the square is 4.
(d) 99880 : The one’s digit in the square is 0.
(e) 21222 : The one’s digit in the square is 4.
(f) 9106 : The one’s digit in the square is 6.
5. A number which ends with digit 2, 3, 7, 8, then it is
not a perfect square.
(a) 1057 : A number which ends with 7. So, it is not a
perfect square.
(b) 23453 : A number which ends with 3. So, it is not a
perfect square.
WORKSHEET-45
(c) 7928 : A number which ends with 8. So, it is not a
perfect square.
(d) 222222 : A number which ends with 2. So, it is not a
perfect square.
(e) 1069 : A number which end with 9. So, it is a perfect
2 square because a number which ends with 0, 1, 4, 5,
6 an 9, then it is a perfect square.
(f) 2061 : A number which ends with 1. So, it is a perfect
square.
The numbers are 1057, 2453, 7928, 222222, not
perfect squares because these numbers end with 7,
3, 8, 2, respectively.
Another five numbers which are not perfect square
2 are 2312, 54377, 29183, 8888. 4
6. (a) 12321 (b) 361
(c) 919191 (d) 11881
(e) 8181 4
2 7. 1232 = 15129 1612 = 25921
772 = 5929 1092 = 11881
2
82 = 6724
The number 1612 and 1092 end with digit 1 because
we see that a number has 1 or 9 in the unit’s place,
then it’s square ends with 1. 4
3 8. 192 = 361 362 = 1296
242 = 576 342 = 1156
262 = 676
In the above table, the number 242, 262, 362, and 342
which end with digit 6 at unit place, because we see
that a number has 4 or 6 in the unit’s place, then its
square ends with 6. 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-46
Solutions 212 − 1 440
First number = = = 220
2 2
1. Between 92 (= 81) and 102 ( = 100), there are 19 (i.e.
2 × 9 + 1) natural numbers. 212 + 1 442
Second number = = = 221
Between 112 (=121) and 122 (= 144), there are 23 (i.e. 2 2
2 × 11 + 1) natural numbers. Thus, 212 = 441 = 220 + 221.
2. (a) Between 1002 (= 10000) and 1012 (= 10201), there (b) 132 = 169
are 200 (i.e., 2 × 100) non-square numbers.
132 − 1 168
(b) Between 902 (= 8100) and 912 (= 8281), there are 180 First consecutive number = = = 84
2 2
(i.e., 2 × 90) non-square numbers.
(c) Between 10002 (= 10,00,000) and 10012 (= 1002001), 132 + 1 170
Second consecutive number = = = 85
there are 2000 (i.e., 2 × 1000) non-square numbers. 2 2
Thus, 132 = 169 = 84 + 85.
3. (a) 212 = 441 (c) 112 = 121

S OLUT I ONS P-47


112 − 1 120 This shows that we are not able to express 55 as the
First consecutive number = = = 60 sum of consecutive odd numbers starting with 1.
2 2 So, 55 is not a perfect square.
112 + 1 122 (c) 81
Second consecutive number = = = 61 (i) 81 – 1 = 80 (ii) 80 – 3 = 77
2 2
(iii) 77 – 5 = 72 (iv) 72 – 7 = 65
Thus, 112 = 121 = 60 + 61
(v) 65 – 9 = 56 (vi) 56 – 11 = 45
(d) 192 = 361
(vii) 45 – 13 = 32 (viii) 32 – 15 = 17
19 2 − 1 360
(ix) 17 – 17 = 0
Fist consecutive number = = = 180
2 2 This means, 81 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15
19 2 + 1 362 + 17. So, 81 is a perfect square.
Second consecutive number = = = 181 (d) 49
2 2
(i) 49 – 1 = 48 (ii) 48 – 3 = 45
Thus, 192 = 361 = 180 + 181 4 (iii) 45 – 5 = 40 (iv) 40 – 7 = 33
4. (a) 121 – 1 = 120 (b) 120 – 3 = 117
(v) 33 – 9 = 24 (vi) 24 – 11 = 13
(c) 117 – 5 = 112 (d) 112 – 7 = 105
(vii) 13 – 13 = 0.

(e) 105 – 9 = 96 (f) 96 – 11 = 85 This means, 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 = 49. So,

(g) 85 – 13 = 72 (h) 72 – 15 = 57 49 is a perfect square.

(i) 57 – 17 = 40 (j) 40 – 19 = 21 (e) 69
(k) 21 – 21 = 0. (i) 69 – 1 = 68 (ii) 68 – 3 = 65
This means, 121 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 (iii) 65 – 5 = 60 (iv) 60 – 7 = 53
+ 17 + 19 + 21.
(v) 53 – 9 = 44 (vi) 44 – 11 = 33
So, 121 is a perfect square.
(vii) 33 – 13 = 20 (viii) 20 – 15 = 5
(b) 55
(ix) 5 – 17 = – 13.
(i) 55 – 1 = 54 (ii) 54 – 3 = 51
(iii) 51 – 5 = 46 (iv) 46 – 7 = 39 This shows that we are not able to express 69 as the

(v) 39 – 9 = 30 (vi) 30 – 11 = 19 sum of consecutive odd numbers starting with 1.

(vii) 19 – 13 = 6 (viii) 6 – 15 = – 9 So, 69 is not a perfect square.

qqq

WORKSHEET-47
Solutions 5. 112 = 121
1012 = 10201
1. No, it is not necessary that the sum of two 10012 = 1002001
consecutive positive integers is a perfect square 1000012 = 10000200001
of a number. For example, the sum of 4 and 5 is 9 100000012 =100000020000001
which is perfect square of 3, but the sum of 3 and 4 6. 112 = 121
is 7 which is not the perfect square of any positive
1012 = 10201
integer. 1
101012 = 102030201
2. (a) 1111112 = 12345654321
10101012 = 1020304030201
So, 1111112 = 12345654321 1010101012 = 10203040504030201
(b) 11111112 = 1234567654321 7. We see that the third number is the multiple of first
So, 11111112 = 1234567654321 1 and second number.
3. (a) We know that, 672 = 4489 i.e. (1 × 2) = 2 and (2 × 3) = 6,
So, 66666672 = 4, 44, 44, 44, 88, 88, 889 and fourth number = third number + 1
(b) 666666672 = 4, 44, 44, 44, 88, 88, 889 1 i.e. 3 = 2 + 1
4. (a) 431 – The number 431 has 1 in the unit’s place the table is 12 + 22 +22 = 32
which is odd. So, it’s square also an odd number.
22 + 32 + 62 = 72
(b) 2826 – The number 2826 has 6 in the unit’s place
which is even. So, it’s square also an even number. 32 + 42 +122 = 132
(c) 7779 – The number 7779 has 9 in the unit’s place 42 + 52 + 202 = 212
which is odd. So, it’s square is also an odd number.
52 + 62 + 302 = 312
(d) 82004 – The number 82004 has 4 in the unit’s place
62 + 72 + 422 = 432
which is even. So, it’s square is also an even number.
8. (a) 1057 – The number 1057 ends with 7. So, it is
2 not perfect square.

P-48 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 (b) 23453 – The number 23453 ends with 3. So, it is not
perfect square.
(c) 7928 – The number 7928 ends with 8. So, it is not
perfect square.
(d) 222222 – The number 222222 ends with 2. So, it is
not perfect square. (d) The unit digit of the square of 3853 is 9.
(e) 64000 – The number 64000 ends with odd number
of zeros. So, it is not perfect square.
(f) 89722 – The number 89722 ends with 2. So, it is not
perfect square.
(g) 222000 – The number 222000 ends with 0. So, it is
not perfect square.
(h) 505050 – The number 505050 ends with odd number
of zeros. So, it is not perfect square. 4
9. (a) The unit digit of the square of 81 is 1.
(b) The unit digit of the square of 272 is 4.
(c) The unit digit of the square of 799 is 1.
(e) The unit digit of the square of 1234 is 6.
(f) The unit digit of the square of 26387 is 9.
(g) The unit digit of the square of 52698 is 4.
(h) The unit digit of the square of 99880 is 0.
(i) The unit digit of the square of 12796 is 6.
(j) The unit digit of the square of 55555 is 5. 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-48
Solutions 5. (a) 322 = (30 + 2)2

= 30 (30 + 2) + 2 (30 + 2)
1. (a) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = (5)2 = 25 = 302 + 30×2 + 2×30 + 22
(b) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 = (10)2
= 900 + 60 + 60 + 4
= 100
= 1024
(c) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 +
23 = (12)2 = 144 1 (b) 352 = (30 + 5)2

2. (a) 49 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 9 + 11 + 13 = 302 + 30×5 + 5×30 + 52

(b) 121 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 = 900 + 150 + 150 + 25
+ 21 2 = 1225
3. We know that, there are 2n non perfect square (c) 862 = (80 + 6)2
numbers between the squares of the numbers n and = 802 + 80×6 + 6×80 + 62

(n+1). = 6400 + 480 + 480 + 36
(a) Here, n = 12, So, there are 2×12 = 24 numbers. = 7396
(b) Here, n = 25, So, there are 2×25 = 50 numbers. (d) 932 = (90 + 3)2
(c) Here, n = 99, So, there are 2×99 = 198 numbers. 2 = (90 + 3) (90 + 3)
4. (a) 152 = 225 = 90 (90 + 3) + 3 (90 + 3)
= (1 × 2) hundreds + 25 = 902 + 90×3 + 3×90 + 32
= 2 hundreds + 25
= 8100 + 270 + 270 + 9
= 200 + 25 = 8649
= 225 (e) 712 = (70 + 1)2
(b) 952 = 9025
= 70 (70 + 1) + 1 (70 + 1)
= (9 × 10) hundreds + 25 = 702 + 70×1 + 1×70 + 12
= 90 hundreds + 25
= 4900 + 70 + 70 + 1
= 9000 + 25 = 5041
= 9025 (f) 462 = (40 + 6)2 = (40 + 6) (40 + 6)
(c) 1052 = 11025
= 40 (40 + 6) + 6 (40 + 6)
= (10 × 11) hundreds + 25 = 402 + 40×6 + 6×40 + 62
= (110) hundreds + 25
= 1600 + 240 + 240 + 36
= 11000 + 25 = 2116 3
= 11025 6. (a) We can set Pythagorean triplets by using general
(d) 205 = 42025 form 2m, m2 – 1, m2 + 1
= (20 × 21) hundreds + 25 If we take m2 –1 = 6 ⇒ m2 = 6 + 1 = 7

= (420) hundreds + 25 Then, the value of m will not be an integer.
= 42000 + 25 So, we take to second m2 + 1 = 6
= 42025 ∴ m2 = 6 – 1 = 5. Again, the value of m will not be
Therefore, these numbers containing 5 in unit’s an integer.
place. 2 So, let us take 2m = 6

S OLUT I ONS P-49

 Then, m = 3 (c) Take 2m = 16 ⇒ m =8
Thus, m2 – 1 = 9 – 1 = 8 and m2 + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10
Therefore, the required triplet in 6, 8 and 10.
(b) Similarly, here, 2m = 14 ⇒ m = 7
∴ m2 – 1 = 49 – 1 = 48 and m2 + 1 = 49 + 1 = 50
So, the required triplet is 14, 48 and 50.
WORKSHEET-49
Solutions
1. (a) (11)2 = 121 and (– 11)2 = 121
Therefore, the square root of 121 are 11 and – 11
(b) (14)2 = 196 and (– 14)2 = 196
Therefore, the square root of 196 are 14 and – 14. 2
2. We know that numbers which end with 2, 3, 7 and 8
are not perfect squares. So, 153, 257 and 408 are not
perfect squares, because these numbers end with 3,
7 and 8 respectively and 441 is a perfect square. 2
3. (a) 9801 – when a square number ends with 1, the
number whose square it is, will have either 1 or 9
in unit’s place. So, the square root of 9801 will have
either 1 or 9 in unit’s place.
(b) 99856 – when a square number ends with 6, the
number whose square it is, will have either 4 or 6 in
unit’s place. So, the square root of 99856 will have
either 4 or 6 in unit’s place.
(c) 998001 – when a square number ends with 1, the
number whose square it is, will have either 1 or 9 in
unit’s place. So, the square root of 998001 will have
either 1 or 9 in unit’s place.
(d) 657666025 – when a square number ends with 5,
the number whose square it is, will have 5 in unit’s
place. So, the square root of 657666025 will have 5 in
unit’s place. 4
4. (1) If we take 100
100 – 1 = 99 (b) 99 – 3 = 96 (c) 96 – 5 = 91 (d) 91 – 7=
84 (e) 84 – 9 = 75 (f) 75 – 11 = 64 (g) 64 – 13 = 51 (h)
51 – 15 = 36 (i) 36 – 17 = 19 (j) 19 – 19 = 0
From 100, we have subtracted successive odd
numbers starting from 1 and obtained 0 at 10th step.
Therefore, 100 = 10.
If we take 169
(a) 169 – 1 = 168 (b) 168 – 3 = 165 (c) 165 – 5 = 160
(d) 160 – 7 = 153 (e) 153 – 9 = 144 (f) 144 – 11 = 133
(g) 133 – 13 = 120 (h) 120 – 15 = 105 (i) 105 – 17 = 88
(j) 88 – 19 = 69 (k) 69 – 21 = 48 (l) 48 – 23 = 25 (m) 25 –
25 = 0
From 169, we have subtracted successive odd
numbers starting from 1 and obtained ‘0’ at 13th
step.
Therefore, 169 = 13 4
P-50
∴ m2 – 1 = 64 – 1 = 63, and m2 + 1 = 64 + 1 = 65
So, the required triplet is 16, 63 and 65.
(d) Take 2m = 18 ⇒ m = 9
∴ m2 – 1 = 81 – 1 = 80 and m2 + 1 = 81 + 1 = 82
So, required triplet is 18, 80 and 82. 4
qqq
5. (a) If we take 121
(i) 121 – 1 = 120 (ii) 120 – 3 = 117
(iii) 117 – 5 = 112 (iv) 112 – 7 = 105
(v) 105 – 9 = 96 (vi) 96 – 11 = 85
(vii) 85 – 13 = 72 (viii) 72 – 15 = 57
(ix) 57 – 17 = 40 (x) 40 – 19 = 21
(xi) 21 – 21 = 0
From 121, we have subtracted successive odd
numbers staring from 1 and obtained 0 at 11th step.
Therefore, 121 = 11
The square root of 121 is 11.
(b) If we take 55
(i) 55 – 1 = 54 (ii) 54 – 3 = 51
(iii) 51 – 5 = 46 (iv) 46 – 7 = 39
(v) 39 – 9 = 30 (vi) 30 – 11 = 19
(vii) 19 – 13 = 6 (viii) 6 – 15 = – 9
Therefore, this shows that we are not able to express
55 as the sum of consecutive odd numbers starting
from 1. So, it is not a perfect square.
(c) We we take 36
(i) 36 – 1 = 35 (ii) 35 – 3 = 32
(iii) 32 – 5 = 27 (iv) 27 – 7 = 20
(v) 20 – 9 = 11 (vi) 11 – 11 = 0
Form 36, we have subtracted successive odd number
starting from 1 and obtained 0 at 6th step.
Therefore, 36 = 6
So, the square root of 36 is 6.
(d) If we take 49
(i) 49 – 1 = 48 (ii) 48 – 3 = 45
(iii) 45 – 5 = 40 (iv) 40 – 7 = 33
(v) 33 – 9 = 24 (vi) 24 – 11 = 13
(vii) 13 – 13 = 0.
From 49, we have subtracted successive odd
numbers starting from 1 and obtained 0 at 7th step.
Therefore, 49 = 7
The square root of 49 is 7.
(e) If we take 90
(i) 90 – 1 = 89 (ii) 89 – 3 = 86
(iii) 86 – 5 = 81 (iv) 81 – 7 = 74
(v) 74 – 9 = 65 (vi) 65 – 11 = 54
(vii) 54 – 13 = 41 (viii) 41 – 15 = 26
(ix) 26 – 17 = 9 (x) 9 – 19 = – 10.
Therefore, this shows that we are not able to express
90 as the sum of consecutive odd numbers starting
from 1. So, it’s not a perfect square. 5
qqq
M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-50
Solutions 2 32
2 16
1. (a) 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
2 8
3 729
2 4
3 243
2 2
3 81
1
3 27
So, 4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
3 9
= 64
3 3
(e) 7744 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11
1 = 22 × 22 × 22 × 112
So, 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27 7744 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 11)2
(b) 400 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 2 7744
2 400 2 3872
2 200 2 1936
2 100 2 968
2 50 2 484
5 25 2 242
5 2 11 121
1 11 11
1
So, 400 = 2 × 2 × 5
7744 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 11
= 20 = 88
(c) 1764 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 (f) 9604 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7
2 1764 = 22 × 72 × 72
= (2 × 7 × 7)2
2 882
3 441 2 9604

3 147 2 4802

7 49 7 2401

7 7 7 343

1 7 49
7 7
So, 1764 = 2 × 3 × 7
= 42 1
(d) 4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × So, 9604 = 2 × 7 × 7
2×2×2×2 = 98
= 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 (g) 5929 = 7 × 7 × 11 × 11
= (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2)2 = 72 × 112 = (7 × 11)2
2 4096 7 5929
2 2048 7 847
2 1024 11 121
2 512 11 11
2 256 1
2 128 So,
5929 = 7 × 11
2 64 = 77

S OLUT I ONS P-51

 (h)
9216 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 As the prime factor 7 has no pair, 252 is not a perfect
×2×2×2×3×3 square. If 7 get a pair then the number will become
= 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 32 perfect square. So, we multiply 252 by 7 to get

= (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3)2 252 × 7 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7
Now, each prime factor is in a pair.
2 9216
Therefore, 252 × 7 = 1764 is a perfect square
2 4608 So, required smallest number is 7 and
2 2304 1764 = 2 × 3 × 7 = 42

2 1152 (b) 180 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5
2 576 2 180
2 288 2 90
2 144 3 45
2 72 3 15
2 36 5 5
2 18 1
3 9 As the prime factor 5 has no pair. So, 180 is not a
3 3 perfect square. If 5 get a pair then the number will
become perfect square. So, we multiply 180 by 5 to
1 get
So,
9216 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 180 × 5 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
= 96 Now, each prime factor in a pair.
(i) 529 = 23 × 23 = 232 Therefore, 180 × 5 = 900 is a perfect square.
23 529 Therefore, the required smallest whole number = 5
and 900 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
23 23
(c) 1008 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7
1
So,
529 = 23 2 1008
(j) 8100 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 2 504
= 22 × 32 × 32 × 52 2 252
= (2 × 3 × 3 × 5)2
2 126
2 8100 3 63
2 4050 3 21
3 2025 7 7
3 675 1
3 225 As the prime factor 7 has no pair. So, 1008 is not a
3 75 perfect square. If 7 gets a pair then the number will
become perfect square. So We multiply 1008 by 7 to
5 25 get 1008 × 7 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7
5 5 Now, each prime factor is in a pair.
1 Therefore, 1008 × 7 = 7056 is a perfect square
So,
8100 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 Thus, the required smallest number = 7

= 90 10 and 7056 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 84
2. (a) 252 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 (d) 2028 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 13 × 13
2 252 2 2028
2 126 2 1014
3 63 3 507
3 21 13 169
7 7 13 13
1 1

P-52 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 As the prime factor 3 has no pair, So, 2028 is not a Now, each prime factor is in a pair. Therefore 1458
perfect square. If 3 get a pair then the number will × 2 = 2916 is a perfect square.
become perfect square. So, we multiply 2028 by 3 to Thus, the required smallest number = 2
get 2028 × 3 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 13 × 13
and 2916 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 54
Now, each prime factor is in a pair.
Therefore, 2028 × 3 = 6084 is a perfect square. (f) 768 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
Thus, the required smallest number = 3
2 768
and 6084 = 2 × 3 × 13 = 78 2 384
(e) 1458 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 2 192
As the prime factor 2 has no pair, 1458 is not a 2 96
perfect square. If 2 get a pair then the number will
2 48
become perfect square.
So, we multiply 1458 by 2 to get. 2 24
1458 × 2 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 2 12
2 6
2 1458
3 3
3 729
1
3 243
As the prime factor 3 has no pair. So, 768 is not a
3 81 perfect square. If 3 gets a pair then the number will
3 27 become perfect square. So, we multiply 768 by 3 to
3 9 get 768 × 3 = 2304 is a perfect square.
Thus, the required smallest number = 3
3 3
1 and 2304 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 48 12

qqq

WORKSHEET-51
Solutions 5 2025
1. Let the number of students be x. 5 405
∴ Each student donate = ` x 3 81

7 2401 3 27

7 343 3 9

7 49 3 3

7 7 1
⇒ x2 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
1
⇒ x = 3 × 3 × 5
Therefore, total fund = ` x × x = 45
x2 = 2401 Hence, There are 45 plants in each row. 5
= 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 3. The least number divisible by each one of 4, 9 and
10 is their L. C. M.
x = 7×7×7×7 The L. C. M. of 4, 9 and 10 is
= 7 × 7 4 = 2 × 2
= 49 5 9 = 3 × 3
10 = 2 × 5
∴ There are 49 students in the class.

L. C. M. = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 180
2.
Let the number of rows be x Prime factorisation of 180 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
∴ Number of plants in each row be x.
We see that prime factor 5 is not a pair. Therefore,
∴ Total no. of plants = x × x = 2025 180 is not a perfect square.
x2 = 2025 If we multiply 180 by 5,

S OLUT I ONS P-53

 Then 180 × 5 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 900 (c) 396 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11
Which is perfect square. 2 396
Therefore, smallest square number is 900. 5
2 198
4.
The least number divisible by each one of 8, 15 and
20 is their L. C. M. 3 99
The L. C. M of 8, 15 and 20 is 3 33
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 11 11
= 120
1
2 8, 15, 20 If we divided 396 by the factor 11, then
2 4, 15, 10 396 ÷ 11 = 36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
Which is a perfect square.
2 2, 15, 5
Therefore, the required smallest number is 11
3 1, 15, 5 and 36 = 2 × 3 = 6
5 1, 5, 5 (d) 2645 = 5 × 23 × 23
1, 1, 1 If we divided 2645 by the factor 5, then
Prime factorisation of 120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 2645 ÷ 5 = 529 = 23 × 23
We see that prime factors 2, 3 and 5 are not in pairs, Which is a perfect square.
Therefore, 120 is not a perfect square. Therefore, the required smallest number is 5
If we multiply 120 by the factor 2 × 5 × 3 = 30 and 529 = 23
Then, 120 × 30 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 (e) 2800 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 7
× 5 = 3600 2 2800
Which is a perfect square.
2 1400
Hence, the smallest square number is 3600. 5
5. (a) 252 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 2 700
2 350
2 252
5 175
2 126
5 35
3 63
7 7
3 21
1
7 7
If we divided 2800 by the factor 7, then
1 2800 ÷ 7 = 400 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
If we divided 252 by the factor 7, then Which is a perfect square.
252 ÷ 7 = 36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 Therefore, the required smallest number is 7
Which is a perfect square. Therefore, the required and 400 = 2 × 2 × 5 = 20
smallest number is 7
(f) 1620 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
and 36 = 2 × 3 = 6 If we divided 1620 by the factor 5, then
(b) 2925 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 13 1620 ÷ 5 = 324 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
3 2925 2 1620
3 975 2 810
5 325 3 405
5 65 3 135
13 13 3 45
1 3 15
If we divided 2925 by the factor 13, then 5 5
2925 ÷ 13 = 225 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 1
Which is a perfect square. Which is a perfect square.
Therefore, the required smallest number is 13 Therefore, the required smallest number is 5
and 225 = 3 × 5 = 15 and 324 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 18. 12

qqq

P-54 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-52
Solutions (b) 4489

1. (i) 25600 67
By placing bars, we get : 25600 6 4489
Since, there are 3 bars. + 6 – 36
The square root will be of 3 digits.
127 889
(ii) 100000000
– 889
By placing bars, we get 100000000 . Since, there are
5 bars. 0
The square root will be of 5 digits.
Therefore, 4489 = 67
(iii) 36864
By placing bars, we get 36864 . Since, there are 3 (c) 3481
bars.
The square root will be of 3 digits. 3 59
2. (a) 80 5 3481
We know that, +5 – 25
64 < 80 < 81 and 64 = 8 109 981
– 981
8 < 80 < 9 and 81 = 9
The numbers are very close to the square number. 000
But, (9)2 is much closer to 80 than that of (8)2.
Therefore, 3481 = 59
So, 80 is approximately 9.
(b) 1000 (d) 529
We know that, 23
961 < 1000 < 1024 and 961 = 31
2 529
31 < 1000 < 32 and 1024 = 32 +2 – 4
The numbers are very close to the square number. 43 129
But, (32)2 is much closer to 1000 than that of (31)2. – 129
So, 1000 is approximately 32.
0
(c) 350
We know that, Therefore, 529 = 23
324 < 350 < 361 and 324 = 18 and 361 = 19 (e) 3249
18 < 350 < 19
57
The numbers are very close to the square number.
But (19)2 is much closer to 350 than that of (18)2. 5 3249
So, 350 is approximately nearest to 19. + 5 – 25
107 749
(d) 500 –  749
484 < 500 < 529 and 484 = 22
0
22 < 500 < 23 and 500 = 23
Therefore, 3249 = 57
The numbers are very close to the square number.
But, 529 is must closer to 500 that of 484. 4 (f) 1369
3. (a) 2304
37
48
3 1369
4 2304
+3 – 9
+ 4 – 16
67 469
88 704 – 469
– 704
0
0
Therefore, 1369 = 37
Therefore, 2304 = 48

S OLUT I ONS P-55

 (g) 5776 (j) 1024
76 32
7 5776 3 1024
+7 –  49 +3 –9
146 876 62 124
– 876 – 124
0 0
Therefore, 5776 = 76 Therefore, 1024 =
32
(h) 7921 (k) 3136
89 56
8 7921 5 3136
+8 – 64 + 5 – 25
169 1521 106 636
– 1521 – 636
0 0

Therefore, 7921 = 89 Therefore, 3136 = 56

(i) 576 (l) 900

30
24
3 900
2 576 +3 –9
+2 –4
60 000
44 176 – 000
– 176
0
0
Therefore, 900 = 30 24
Therefore, 576 = 24

qqq

WORKSHEET-53
Solutions 2. (a) 2.56

1. (a) 64 1.6
By placing the bars 64 . Since, there is 1 bar. The 1 2 . 56
square root will be of 1 digit. +1 – 1
(b) 144
26 1   56
By placing the bars 1 44 . Since, there are 2 bars. – 1   56
The square root will be of 2 digits. 0
(c) 4489 Therefore, 2.56 = 1.6
By placing the bars 44 89 . Since, there are 2 bars. (b) 7.29
The square root will be of 2 digits. 2.7
(d) 27225
2 7 . 29
By placing bars we get 2 72 25 . Since, there are 3
+2 –4
bars. The square root will be of 3 digits.
47 3 29
(e) 390625
– 3 29
By placing bars we get 39 06 25 . Since, there are 3
0
bars. The square root will be of 3 digits. 5
Therefore, 7.29 = 2.7

P-56 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 (c) 51.84 It shows that 442 is less than 1989 by 53.
7.2 This means, if we subtract the remainder from the
number, we get a perfect square. Therefore, the
7 51 . 84 required perfect square is
+7 – 49 1989 – 53 = 1936
and 1936 = 44
142 2 84
– 2 84 (c) Firstly, we find 3250 , we get remainder 1. If
0 shows that 572 is less than 3250 by 1.
Therefore, 51.84 = 7.2 57
(d) 42.25
5 32 50
6.5
+5 – 25
6 42 . 25
107 7 50
+6 – 36 – 7 49
125 6 25 1
– 6 25 This means, if we subtract the remainder from the
0 number, we get a perfect square. Therefore, the
required perfect square in
Therefore, 42.25 = 6.5
3250 – 1 = 3249
(e) 31.36
and 3249 = 57
5.6
(d) Firstly, we find 825 . We get the remainder is 41. It
5 31 . 36
shows that 282 is less than 825 by 41.
+5 – 25
28
47 6  36
– 6   36 2 8 25
0 2 – 4
Therefore, 31.36 = 5.6 10 48 4 25
3. (a) By division method – 3 84
20 41
This means, if we subtract the remainder from the
2 4 02 number, we get a perfect square. Therefore, the
2 – 4 required perfect square is
825 – 41 = 784
4 0 02
and 784 = 28
We get the remainder 2. It shows that 202 is less than
402 by 2. (e) Firstly we find 4000 . We get the remainder 31. It
This means, if we subtract the remainder from the 2
shows that 63 is less than 4000 by 31.
number we get a perfect square.
Therefore, the perfect square is 402 – 2 = 400 63
and 400 = 20 6 40 00
(b) Firstly, we find 1989 . We get the remainder 53. 6 – 36
44 123 4 00
– 3 69
4 19 89
31
+4 –  16
This means, if we subtract the remainder from the
84 389 number, we get a perfect square. Therefore, the
– 336 require perfect square
4000 – 31 = 3969
53
and 3969 = 63 10

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-57

 WORKSHEET-54
Solutions Hence, the number of plants the gardener needs
= 1024 – 1000 = 24 plants 5
1. Area of the square = 441 m2. 4. Since, the number of students in a school is 500.
Therefore, length of the side of the square 232 = 529 < 500
= 441 m and 222 = 484 < 500
We get 441 = 21 Hence, left students = 500 – 484 = 16
Therefore, 16 students would be left out in this
21 arrangement. 5
5. (a) 525
2 4 41
Firstly, we find 525 .
2 – 4
22
41 0 41
– 41 2 5 25
0 2 –4
Hence, the side of the square is 21 m. 5
2. (a) AB = 6 cm 42 125
BC = 8 cm – 84
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 (right triangle) 41
A This show that 222 < 525
Next perfect square 232 = 529
Hence, the number to be added is
232 – 525 = 529 – 525 = 4
and 529 = 23
(b) 1750
90° Firstly we find 1750 . We get
B C
41
AC2 = (6)2 + (8)2
4 1750
= 36 + 64
4 – 16
= 100
81 150
AC = 100 = 10 cm
– 81
(b)
AC = 13 cm,
41
BC = 5 cm
a remainder 69. This shows that
AC2 = AB2 + BC2

AB2 = AC2 – BC2 412 < 1750 Next perfect square is

= (13)2 – (5)2 422 = 1764.
= 169 – 25 Hence, the number to be added is
= 144 422 – 1750 = 1764 – 1750 = 14
(c) 252
AB = 441
Firstly we find 252 . We get a remainder 27. This
AB = 12 cm 5 2
3. Since, gardener has 1000 plants. shows that 15 < 252.
Then 31 < 2
1000 or 31 = 1000 15

31 1 2 52
1 –1
3 10 00
25 152
3 –9
– 125
61 1 00 27
– 61
Next perfect square is 162 = 256.
39 Hence, the number to be added is

Next perfect square is 322 = 1024 162 – 252 = 256 – 252 = 4

P-58 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 (d) 1825 (e) 6412
Firstly we find 1825 . We get a remainder 61. This Firstly, we find 6412 . We get a remainder 12.
shows that 422 < 1825.
80
42
8 64 12
4 18 25
8 64
4 – 16
16 00 12
82 252
– 164 This shows that 802 < 6412. Next perfect square is
812 = 6561
61
Next perfect square is 432 = 1849. Hence, the number to be added is 812 = 6412
Hence, the number to be added is = 6561 – 6412 = 149 10
432 – 1825 = 1849 – 1825 = 24

qqq

WORKSHEET-55
Solutions 10.
Given, 4a = 96
a = 24
1. (c) 1 Area of a square = a2

2. (a) 1 = (24)2 = 576 m2 2
3. (b) 1 11.
The least number divisible by 3, 4, 5 and 6 is their
4. (b) 1 LCM. The LCM of 3, 4, 5 and 6 is 60. Now, 60 = 2 ×
5. (c) 1 2 × 5 × 3.
6. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 1 We see that prime factors 5 and 3 are not in pairs.
7. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 = 81 1 Therefore, 60 is not a perfect square. So, 60 should be
multiplied by 5 × 3 = 15 to get a perfect square.
8. 2 m = 4 or m = 2
Thus, the required least square number = 60 × 15 =
m2 + 1 = 22 + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5
900. 2
m2 – 1 = 22 – 1 = 4 – 1 = 3
12.
Let AC be the ladder.
So, the Pythagorean triplet is 3, 4 , 5. 1 Therefore, AC = 10 m
9. Prime factorisation of 90 is Let BC be the distance between the foot of the
2 90 ladder and the wall.
Therefore, BC = 6 m
3 45
DABC forms a right angled triangle, right angled at
3 15 B. By Pythagoras’s theorem,
5 5 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
102 = AB2 + 62
1 or AB2 = 102 – 62 = 100 – 36 = 64
90 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
or AB = 64 = 8 m.
The prime factors 2 and 5 do not occur in pairs.
Therefore, 90 is not a perfect square. 2 Hence, the wall is 8 m high. 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-56
Solutions 6. Prime factorisation of 500 is
2 500
1. (a) 1
2 250
2.
(d) 1
5 125
3. (b) 1
5 25
4. (d) 1
5 5
5. (b) 1
1

S OLUT I ONS P-59

 500 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 10.
Let the length of one side of square be a m.
The prime factor 5 does not occur in pairs. Therefore, Then, area of square = a2
500 is not a perfect square. 3 1


7. {(62 + (82)½)}2 ∴ a2 = 101
400
{(36 + 64)½}2
{(100)½}2 = (10)2 = 100. 3 40401
a2 =
8. Let the numbers be 2x, 3x and 5x 400
∴ (2x)2 + (3x)2 + (5x)2 = 608
201
4x2 + 9x2 + 25x2 = 608
38 x2 = 608 2 4 04 01
608 2 –4
x2 = = 16
38
401 0 04 01
x = 4 – 4 01
So, the numbers are 8, 12 and 20. 3
000
9. Using Pythagoras’s theorem, we have
201
Length of diagonal of the rectangle a =
D C 20
1
a = 10
20
?
 20

2 4 00
A B
2 –4
= (l 2
+ b2 ) units 40 0 00
– 00
= ( 20 2
+ 152 )m 00
1
= ( 400 + 225 ) m So, length of each side of the square = 10 m. 3
20
= 625 m 11. Since, the sum of first n natural number = n2
= 25 m. ∴ The number of coins the advisor will get for

Hence, the length of diagonal is 25 m. 3 30 day = 302 = 900 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-57
2
Solutions a = 6.4 × 2.5
a2 = 16
1. (c) 1
a = 4
2. (b) 1
So, the side of square is 4 m. 2
3. (c) 1
8. Using division method.
4. (b) 1
28
5. (b) 1
6. For 4489, n = 4 [Even number] 2 7 84

n 4 2 –4
∴ Number of digits in its square root = = =2
2 2 48 3 84
– 3 84
1
×
7. Given, Area of square = Area of rectangle
Therefore, 784 = 28 2
a2 = l × b

P-60 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 9. Let the number of rows = x = (2x)(x) = (2x2) m2
∴ Number of plants in a row = x Given that area is 2450 m2.
So, the number of plants to be planted = x . x = x2 Therefore, 2x2 = 2450
2 2450
x = 1024
x2 =
2
2 1024
2 512 x = 1225
2 256 or x = 35 m
2 128 Hence, breadth = 35 m and length 35 × 2
2 64 = 70 m
2 32 Perimeter to the field = 2 (l + b)
= 2 (70 + 35) m
2 16
= 2 × 105 m
2 8
= 210 m 3
2 4
11. (a) Since,
2 2
74
1
7 5607
x = 1024 – 49

2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2 144 707

= – 567
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×2
139
= 32 2 2
Here, (74) < 5607 < (75)
So, no. of plants in each row = 32 2
Then, the required number to be added = (75)2 –
10.
Let the breadth of the field be x metres. Then, length 5607 = (5625 – 5607) = 18.
of the field is 2x metres.
(b) If a number contains 3 zeros at the end, then its
Therefore, area of the rectangular field square will have 6 zeros at the end. 4
= length × breadth

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-61

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
7 CUBES AND CUBE ROOTS

WORKSHEET-58
Solutions 2 400
1. (a) 3331 2 200
The cube of last digit is = (1)3 = 1 2 100
Hence, last digit of (3331)3 is 1.
2 50
(b) 8888
The cube of last digit is 83 = 512 5 25
Its last digit is 2. 5 5
Hence, last digit of (8888)2 is 2. 1
(c) 149 (b) 3375
The cube of last digit is (9)3 = 729
3375 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
Its last digit is 9.
= 33 × 53
Hence, last digit of (149)3 is 9.
(d) 1005 = (3 × 5)3
The cube of last digit is (5)3 = 125 3 3375
Its last digit is 5.
3 1125
Hence, last digit of (1005)3 is 5.
(e) 1024 3 375
The cube of last digit is (4)3 = 64 5 125
Its last digit is 4.
5 25
Hence, Last digit of (1024)3 is 4.
(f) 77 5 5
The cube of last digit is 73 = 343 1
Its last digit is 3. In the above factorisation are grouping in triplets.
Hence, Last digit of (77)3 is 3. Therefore, 3375 is a perfect cube
(g) 5022
(c) 8000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5
The cube of last digit is 23 = 8
Its last digit is 8. = 23 × 23 × 53
Hence, Last digit of (5022)3 is 8. = (2 × 2 × 5)3
(h) 53
2 8000
The cube of last digit of 53 is (3)3 = 27
Its last digit is 7. 2 4000
Hence, last digit of (53)3 is 7. 4 2 2000
2. (a) (i) 63 = 216 2 1000
31 + 33 + 35 + 37 + 39 + 41 = 216 = 63
(ii) 83 = 512 2 5000
57 + 59 + 61 + 63 + 65 + 67 + 69 + 71 = 512 = 83 2 250
(iii) 73 = 343
5 125
43 + 45 + 47 + 49 + 51 + 53 + 55 = 343 = 73
(b) (i) 73 – 63 = 1 + 7 × 6 × 3 = 1 + 126 = 127 5 25
(ii) 123 – 113 = 1 + 12 × 11 × 3 = 1 + 396 = 397 5 5
(iii) 203 – 193 = 1 + 20 × 19 × 3 = 1 + 1140 = 1141
1
(iv) 513 – 503 = 1 + 51 × 50 × 3 = 1 + 7650 = 7651
In the above factorisation are grouping in triplets.
 4
3. (a) 400 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 So, 8000 is a perfect cube.
In the above factorisation, 2 remains after grouping (d) 15625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
the 2’s in triplets and 5 × 5 remains after grouping = 53 × 53
the 5’s in triplets. Therefore, 400 is not a perfect
= (5 × 5)3
cube.

P-62 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 5 15625 19 6859
5 3125 19 361
5 625 19 19
5 125 1
5 25 In the above factorisation are grouping in triplets.
So, 6859 is a perfect cube.
5 2
(g) 2025 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
1 = 33 × 3 × 5 × 5
In the above factorisation are grouping in triplets.
5 2025
So, 15625 is a perfect cube.
5 405
(e) 9000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5
3 81
= 23 × 32 × 53
= 23 × 53 × 32 3 27
3
= (2 × 5) × 3 2 3 9
3 3
2 9000
1
2 4500
In the above factorisation 3 remains after grouping
2 2250 the 3’s in triplets and 5 × 5 remains after grouping
3 1125 the 5’s in triplets.
So, 2025 is not a perfect cube.
3 375
(h) 10648 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 × 11
5 125
2 10648
5 25
2 5324
5 5
2 2662
1
11 1331
In the above factorisation 3 × 3 remains after
grouping the 3’s in triplets. 11 121
Therefore, 9000 is not a perfect cube. 11 11
(f) 6859 = 19 × 19 × 19 1
= 19 3 So cube root = 2 × 11 = 22 16

qqq
WORKSHEET-59
Solutions (d) 100 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
In the above factorisation 2 × 2 remains after
1. (a) 216 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 grouping the 2’s in triplets and 5 × 5 remains after
= 23 × 33 grouping the 5’s in triplets
= (2 × 3)3 So, 100 in not a perfect cube.
In above factorisation numbers are grouping in (e) 46656 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
triplets. × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
So, 216 is a perfect cube. = 23 × 23 × 33 × 33

(b) 128 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = (2 × 2 × 3 × 3)3
= 23 × 23 × 2
So, 46656 is a perfect cube.
= (2 × 2)3 × 2 Hence, 128 and 100 are not perfect cubes. 5
In the above factorisation 2 remains after grouping 2. (a) 243 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
in the 2’s in triplets. Therefore, 128 is not a perfect = 33 × 3 × 3
cube. The prime factor 3 does not appear in a group of
(c) 1000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 three. So 243 in not a perfect cube.
= 23 × 53 To make it a perfect cube we multiply it by 3

= (2 × 5)3 Thus, 243 × 3 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3

So, 1000 is a perfect cube. = 729, which is a perfect cube.

S OLUT I ONS P-63

 (b)
256 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 Prime factor of 128 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 23 × 23 × 2 × 2 Here, one factor 2 in not in group of three. Therefore,
The prime factor 2 does not appear in a group of 128 must be divided by 2 to make it a perfect cube.
three. So, 256 is not a perfect cube.
The perfect cube in that case = 128 ÷ 2 = 64
To make it a perfect cube, we multiply it by 2
Thus, 256 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 (c) 135
 ×2×2×2 3 135
= 512, which is a perfect cube. 3 45
(c) 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 3 15
= 23 × 3 × 3 5 5

The prime factor 3 does not appear in a group of
1
three. So, 72 is not a perfect cube.
To make it a perfect cube, we multiply it by 3. Prime factor of 135 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
Thus, 72 × 3 = 23 × 3 × 3 × 3
Here, one factor 5 is not in group of three. Therefore,
= 216, which is a perfect cube.
135 must be divided by 5 to make it a perfect cube.
(d) 675 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
= 33 × 5 × 5 The perfect cube in that case = 135 ÷ 5 = 27
The prime factor 5 does not appear in a group of (d) 192
three. So, 675 is not a perfect cube.
2 192
To make it a perfect cube, we multiply it by 5.
2 96
Thus 675 = 32 × 5 × 5 × 5
2 48
= 3375, which is a perfect cube.
(e) 100 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 2 24
The primes 2 and 5 do not appear in group of three. 2 12
So, 100 is not a perfect cube. 2 6
To make it a perfect cube, we multiply it by 2 and 5. 3 3
Thus, 100 × 2 × 5 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 1
= 1000, which is a perfect cube. 5
3. (a) 81 Prime factor of 192 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
3 81 Here, one factor 3 is not in group of three. Therefore,
3 27 192 must be divided by 3 to make it a perfect cube.
3 9 The perfect cube in that case = 192 ÷ 3 = 64
3 3 (e) 704
1
2 704
Prime factor of 81 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 2 352
Here, one factor 3 is not in group of three. Therefore 2 176
81 must be divided by 3 to make it a perfect cube.
2 88
The perfect cube in that case = 81 ÷ 3 = 27
2 44
(b) 128
2 22
2 128
11 11
2 64
1
2 32
2 16 Prime factor of 704 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11
2 8
Here, one factor 11 is not in group of three.
2 4 Therefore, 704 must be divided by 11 to make it a
2 2 perfect cube.
1 The perfect cube in that case = 704 ÷ 11 = 64 10

qqq

P-64 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-60
Solutions (d) 2 27000
2 64 2 13500
1. (a)
2 32 2 6750
2 16 3 3375
2 8 3 1125
2 4 3 375
2 2 5 125
1 5 25
5 5
64 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 1

3 3 27000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
= 2 × 2
 ×5×5×5


∴ 3
64 = 2 × 2 = 4 = 23 × 33 × 53
3
(b) 2 512
27000 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
2 256 (e) 5 15625
2 128 5 3125
2 64 5 625
2 32 5 125
2 16 5 25
2 8 5 5
2 4 1

2 2 15625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
1 = 53 × 53

∴ 3
15625 = 5 × 5 = 25
512 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
(f) 2
13824
 ×2×2×2 2
6912
= 23 × 23 × 23 2
3456

2
1728
∴ 3
512 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
2
864
(c) 2 10648 2
432
2 5324 2
216
2 2662 2
108
11 1331 2
54
11 121 3
27
11 11 3
9
1 3
3

1

10648 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 × 11
13824 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 23 × 113  ×2×2×2×3×3×3
= 23 × 23 × 23 × 33

∴ 3
10648 = 2 × 11 ∴ 3
13824 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 24
= 22

S OLUT I ONS P-65

 (g) 110592 2 (i)

∴ 3
46656 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36
55296 2 2 175616
27648 2 2 87808
13824 2 2 43904
6912 2 2 21952
3456 2 2 10976
1728 2 2 5488
864 2 2 2744
432 2 2 1372
216 2 2 686
108 2 7 343

544 2 7 49
27 3 7 7
9 3 1
3 3
1 175616 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2

110592 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2  ×2×2×2×7×7×7
×2×2×2×2×2×3×3×3 = 23 × 23 × 23 × 73
= 23 × 23 × 23 × 23 × 33

∴ 3
175616 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7

∴ 3
110592 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 48
= 56
(h) 22 46656 46656 (j) 3 91125
22 2332823328 3 30375
22 11664
11664 3 10125
22 5832
5832 3 3375
22 2916
2916 3 1125
22 1458
1458 3 375
33 729 729 5 125
33 243 243 5 25
33 81 81 5 5
33 27 27
1
33 99
33 33 91125 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
11  ×5×5×5
= 3 × 3 × 5 3 3 3
46656 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
∴ 3
91125 = 3 × 3 × 5
 ×3×3×3×3×3×3
= 23 × 23 × 33 × 33 = 45 [3×10]

qqq

WORKSHEET-61
Solutions
1. The sides of a cuboid are 5 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm.
Let Parikshit needs n such type of cuboid to make it
cube.
Hence, the volume of cuboids = n × 5 × 2 × 5
Since, this volume forms a cube and the volume
of a cube is a perfect cube, of positive integer. To
form 5 × 5 × 2 a perfect cube, we need the factor
5 × 2 × 2 = 20. Hence, n = 20.
Therefore, Parikshit needs 20 such type of cuboids
to make it cube. 5
2. (a) False (b) True
(c) False (d) False

P-66 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 (e) False (f) False
(g) True 7
3. (a) The given number is 1331. Form group of three
starting from the right most digit of 1331. 1331, in
this case one group i.e., 331 has three digit where as
1 has only one digit.
(I) Take 331
The digit 1 is at its one’s place.
We take the one’s place of the required cube
root as 1.
(II) Take the other group i.e., 1.
Cube root of 1 is 1.
The one’s place of 1 is 1 itself. Take 1 as ten’s
place of the cube root of 1331.
Thus, 3
1331 = 11
(b) The given number is 4913. Form group of three
starting from the right most digit of 4913. 4913 in
this case, one group i.e., 913 has three digits whereas
4 have only one digit.
(I) Take 913
The digit 3 is as its one’s place.
We take the one’s place of the required cube
root as 7.
(II) Take the other group i.e. 1. cube of 1 is 1.
The one’s place of 1 is 1 itself. Take 1 as ten’s
place of the cube root of 4913.
3 Thus, 32768 = 32.
Thus, 4913 = 17.
(c) The given number is 12167. Form group of three
starting from the right most digit of 12167. 12167 in
this case one group i.e. 167 has three digits whereas
12 has only two digits.
(I) Take digits
The digit 7 is at its one’s place. We take the one
place and the required cube root as 3.
(II) Take the other group i.e. 12
Cube of 2 is 8 and cube of 3 is 27. 12 lies be-
tween 8 and 27. The smaller among 2 and 3 is
2. The one’s place of 2 is 2 itself. Take 2 as ten’s
place of the root of 12167.
3
Thus, 12167 = 23.
(d) The given number is 32768. Form group of three
starting from the right most digit of 32768. 32768 In
this case one group i.e. 768 has three digits whereas
32 has only two digits.
(I) Take 768
The digit 8 as at its one’s place, we take the
one’s place of the required cube root as 2.
(II) Take the other group i.e. 32
Cube of 3 is 27 and cube of 4 is 64. 32 lies be-
tween 27 and 64. The smaller among 3 and 4 is
3.
Take 3 as ten’s place of the cube root of 32768.
3
12

qqq

WORKSHEET-62
Solutions 5832 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
Therefore,
3
5832 = 3
2×2×2×3×3×3×3×3×3
1. (c) 1
2. (a) 1 = 2 × 3 × 3
3. (d) 1 = 18 1
4. (a) 1 9. Prime factorisation of 1728 is
5. (b) 1 1728 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
6. Cubes of first 3 multiple of 3 are 27,216 and 729. 1 Since, all prime factors can be grouped in triplets.
7. (– 7)3 = (– 7) × (– 7) × (– 7) Therefore, 1728 is perfect cube. 2
= – 343 1 10. 2 1728
8. The prime factorisation of 5832 is 2 864
2 5832 2 432
2 2916 2 216
2 1458 2 108
3 729 2 54
3 243 3 27
3 81 3 9
3 27 3 3
3 9 1
3 3 have,
We
1 i.e., 1728 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
1  ×3×3

S OLUT I ONS P-67

 ⇒
1728 = 23 × 23 × 33 12. Resolving 288 into prime factors, we have
⇒
1728 = (2 × 2 × 3)3 2 288
⇒
3
1728 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12 2 144
2 72
Since, 1728 is a perfect cube.
2 36

 – 1728 is also a perfect cube.
2 18
Also, 3
−1728 = – 12 2
3 9
11.
Let the numbers be x, 2x and 3x 3 3
∴ (x)3 + (2x)3 + (3x)3 = 4500 1
x3 + 8x3 + 27x3 = 4500
i.e., 288 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
36x3 = 4500
Grouping the factors in triples, we get
4500
x3 = 288 = [2 × 2 × 2] × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
36
We observe that, if 288 is multiplied by (2 × 3),
x3 = 125 then its prime factors will exist in triplet. Thus,
x = 5 3 the required smallest number by which 288 be
multiplied to make it a perfect cube is (2 × 3),
So, the numbers are 5 , 10 and 15. i.e., 6. 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-63
Solutions 9720 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
 ×3×3×5
1. (c) 1
The prime number 3 and 5 do not appear in the
2. (d) 1 group of triples. So, 9720 is not a perfect cube.
3. (c) 1 We divide, 9720 by 3 × 3 × 5 = 45, to make it perfect
4. (c) 1 cube. 3
5. (b) 1 1728
9. We have, 0·001728 =
6. We have, 1000000
3 Now,
2 23 2×2×2 8 2 1728 2 1000000
3 = 3 = = 1
  3 3×3×3 27 2 864 2 500000
2 37 2 432 2 250000
7. We have, 5 =
7 7 2 216 2 125000
3 2 108 2 62500
 37  37 3

  7  = 3 2 54 2 31250
  7 3 27 5 15625
37 × 37 × 37 50653 3 9 5 3125
= = 1
7 × 7 × 7 343 3 3 5 625
8. 2 9720 1 5 1225
2 4860 5 25
2 2430 5 5
3 1215 1

3 405
1728 2×2×2×2×2×2×3×3×3
3 135  =
1000000 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
3 45
2×2×3
3 15 =
2 × 2×5×5
5 5
1728 12
1  3 =
1000000 100

P-68 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 3 We have, 6859 = 19 × 19 × 19
⇒ 3
0.001728 =
 The prime factors of 6859 can be grouped into
25
triple and no factor is left over.
3
Thus, 0·001728 is the cube of . 3  6869 is a perfect cube.
25
(b) 3 2025
10. Let ‘x’ be the side of the cube.
 x3 = 64 3 675
3 3 225
or x 3 = 3 64
3 75
⇒
x = 3 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
5 25

= 3 2 3 × 2 3 = 2 × 2 = 4 5 5
Thus, the required side of the cube is 4 cm. 3 1
11. (a) 19 6859
We have, 2025 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
19 361  We do not get triples of prime factors of 2025 and
19 19 3 × 5 × 5 are left over.
1  2025 is not a perfect cube. 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-64
Solutions 6 216
6 36
1. (b) 1
6 6
2. (c) 1
1
3. (b) 1
4. (a) 1 ∴ 3
216 = 3 6 × 6 × 6 
3
5. (b) 1
11. Let y be the double of x
6. (3·1)3 = 3·1 × 3·1 × 3·1 = 29·791. 1 i.e. y = 2x
7. There are only four perfect cubes from 1 to 100 and By using on both sides
these are : 1, 8, 27 and 64. 1 y3 = (2x)3
8. We have, ⇒ y3 = 23 × x3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × x3
3600 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 ⇒ y3 = 8x3 3
In this factorisation, we find that there is no triplet 12. (a) Since, given number = 17576
of 2 , 3 and 5. From groups of the three starting the right most of
17 576. i.e., 576 has three digits whereas 17 has only
So, 3600 is not a perfect cube. To make it perfect
two digits. 1
cube we multiply it by 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 60 3
Since, unit place = 6
9. Volume = a3
The value of Ist group = 17 1
= (15)3 i.e., 17 lies between 8 and 27

= 15 × 15 × 15 Since, 2 < 3
= 3375 m3 3 The one’s place of 2 is 2 itself takes 2 as ten’s place of
10. Since, the cube root of smaller number is 3 the cube root of 17576
Hence, the number = (3)3 = 27 Therefore, 3
17576 = 26
Let the other number be x, then 3
1 1 1 1
x – 27 = 189 64   = 64 × × ×
(b) Since,
2
  2 2 2
x = 189 + 27
x = 216 1
= 64 × = 8
3
8
So, the cube root of x. = 216
23 = 8 (perfect cube) 3

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-69

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
8 COMPARING QUANTITIES

WORKSHEET-65
Solutions = 300 parents who helped their children
The value of 50% parents who did not help = 150
1. (a) Let us suppose that there are x parents. parents who did not help their children.
1 1 The value of 20% who said that they help their
90 parents who help for hr to 1 hr.
2 2 1
children more than 1 hr = 60 parents 3
They show the percentage is 30%, then according to 2
formula. 2. (a) The ratio between the speed of cycle and scooter
Percentage value = The percentage of whole value = 15 : 30
90 = 30% of x 15 1
= =
30 x 30 2
90 =
100 The ratio between their speed = 1 : 2
90 × 100 (b) 5 m to 10 km
=x
30 We know that 1 km = 1000 m
x = 300 Then 10 km = 10,000 m
There are 300 parents. The ratio between them = 5 : 10,000
1 5
(b) 20% helped for more than 1 hr. per day. =
2 10000

Again, according to condition, = 1 : 2,000
Percentage value = Percentage of whole value (c) 50 paise to ` 5
= 20% of x We know that, ` 1 = 100 paise
Then ` 5 = 500 paise
20
= × 300 The ratio 50 paise to 500 paise = 50 : 500
100
50
Percentage value = 60 parents who helped their = = 1 : 10
500
1
children more than 1 hr per day The ratio between them = 1 : 10 3
2
3
50% did not help at all. 3. (a) Given ratio = 3 : 4 =
4
Again, using formula,
3
Percentage value = Percentage of whole value In percentage = × 100 = 75%
= 50% of x 4
50 (b) 2 : 3
= × 300 2
100 Given ratio = 2 : 3 =
3
Percentage value = 150 parents did not help at all.
1 2 200
(c) 20% helped for more than 1 hr per day + 30% In percentage = × 100 =
2 3 3
1 1 2
helped for hr to 1 hr per day = The value of = 66 % 4
2 2 3
20% + The value of 30% + The value of 50% + 50% 4. Given, 72% of 25 students are good in Mathematics,
did not help then real value of students who are good in
= 60 parents who help their children more than Mathematics
1 1 = 72% of 25
1 hr. + 90 parents who help their children hr
2 2 72
= × 25
1 100
to 1 hr. + 150 parents who did not help
2 = 18 students are good in Mathematics
Students are not good in Mathematics

P-70 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 = Total students – students = 25 – 18
 good in Mathematics = 7 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-66
Solutions According to condition,
People like other game = x% of 50 lakh
1. Suppose there are x matches they played. x
They won 10 matches and percentage of winning 5,00,000 = × 50,00,000
100
matches = 40%
According to condition, 5, 00 , 000 × 100
⇒
= x
Win matches = win matches percentage × total 50 , 00 , 000
played matches ⇒ 10 = x
10 = 40% of x 10% people like other game.
40 Exact value of people like other game = 5 lakh
⇒ 10 = ×x
100 Exact value of people like cricket = 30 lakh
10 × 100 Exact value of people like football = 15 lakh 4
⇒
= x 4. A shop gives 20% discount of every Item
40
(a) Let us suppose that the price of dress be ` x
⇒ x = 25
According to condition
They played 25 matches in all. 4
Discount value = Discount % of marked price
2. Let us suppose that she have ` x in the beginning.
= 20% of 120
According to condition,
 {marked price = 120 `}
Spending money = Spending % of total money
20
75 = × 120
x – 600 = ×x 100
100
Discount value = ` 24
(x – 600) × 100 = 75 x
Selling price (x) = Marked price – Discount value
100 x – 60,000 = 75 x
= ` 120 – ` 24
100 x – 75 x = 60,000
= ` 96
25 x = 60,000
The Selling price of dress (x) = ` 96
60 , 000
x = (b) Let us suppose that the selling price of a pair of
25 shoes be ` x. According to condition,
x = 2400 Discount value = Discount % of marked price
She had ` 2400 in the beginning. 4 = 20% of 750
3. Total no. of people = 50 lakh  {marked price = 750 Rs}.
60% like cricket. 20
According to condition, = × 750
100
Exact value who like cricket = 60% of 50 lakh
Discount value = ` 150
60
= × 50,00,000 Selling price (x) = Marked price – Selling price
100
= ` 750 – ` 150
= 30,00,000 people like cricket, The selling price of shoes (x) = ` 600
30% like football (c) Let us suppose that the selling price of bag be ` x
According to condition, According to condition,
Exact value who like football = 30% of 50 lakh
Discount value = Discount % of marked price
30
= × 50,00,000 = 20% of 250
100  {marked price = ` 260}
= 15,00,000 people like football. 20
People who like other games = Total people = × 250
100
 – (people like cricket + football)
Discount value = ` 50
= 50,00,000 – (30,00,000 + 15,00,000)
= 50,00,000 – 45,00,000 Selling price (x) = Marked price – Discount value
= 5,00,000 people like other game = ` 250 – ` 50 = ` 200
Let x% people like other game. Selling price of bag (x) = ` 200 4

S OLUT I ONS P-71

 5. The marked price of table = ` 15,000 Then, we find the selling price of ` 100
The selling price of table = ` 14,400 According to condition,
According to condition, Discount value = Discount % of marked price
Discount value = Marked price – Selling price = 5% of 100
= ` 15, 000 – ` 14,400 5
= × 100
Discount value = ` 600 100
Let us suppose that the discount % of table = x % Discount = ` 5
Discount value = Discount % of marked price Selling price = Marked price – Discount value
` 600 = x % of ` 15,000 = ` 100 – ` 5
x = ` 95
` 600 = × ` 15,000
100 Selling price is ` 95 on marked price at ` = ` 100
600 × 100 100
x = = 4% Selling price is ` 1 on marked price at ` = × 5, 225
15, 000 95
The discount value of table = ` 600 100 × 5225
Marked price = = ` 5500
& The discount percentage of table = 4% 4 95
6. Let us suppose that the marked price be ` 100 The marked price = ` 5500 4
Discount % = 5%

qqq

WORKSHEET-67
Solutions 2. (a) The selling price of a Towel = ` 50
Sale Tax (S.T.) = 5%
1. In first case, when shopkeeper found a profit. C.P. of towel = ?
Cost Price (C.P.) = ` 10,000 Let us suppose that the selling price = ` 100
Profit% = 10% Then, the sale tax of ` 100 = ` 5
Selling Price (S.P.) = ? Then C.P. = 100 – 5 = ` 95
We know that, On ` 100 the cost price was ` 95
(100 + Profit%) 95
S.P. = × C.P. ` 1 the cost price was = `
100 100
 100 + 10  95
=  × 10 , 000
 100  ` 50 the cost price was = `
100
× 50

S.P. = 110 × 100 = ` 11,000 Cost Price = ` 47.5

Selling price (S.P.) of first case = ` 11,000 On ` 50 the cost price was ` = ` 47.5
In second case, (b) Selling price of each soap = 35
When shopkeeper found a loss, The selling price of two soap = 35 × 2
C.P. = ` 10,000 = ` 70
Loss% = 10% Sale Tax = 5%
S.P. = ? Let us suppose that the selling price was = ` 100
(100 − loss%) Then, sale tax (S.T.) of ` 100 = ` 5
We know that, S.P. = × C.P.
100 Cost Price = 100 – 5 = ` 95
(100 − 10 ) 95
= × 10 , 000 ` 1 the cost of was =
100 100
= 90 × 100 95
` 70 the cost was = × 70
S.P. = ` 9,000 100
S.P. of second case = ` 9,000 The cost price of two soap = ` 66.5
According to whole transaction, (c) Selling price of 1 kg. flower = ` 15
Total C.P. of both cases = 10,000 × 2 = ` 20,000 Selling price of 5 kg = 15 × 5 = ` 75
Total S.P. of both cases = (11,000 + 9,000) S.T. = 5%
= ` 20,000 Again, we know that on ` 100 the S.T. was = ` 5
Hence, these is no profit or no loss. 5 Cost Price = 100 – 5 = ` 95

P-72 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 On ` 100, the cost price was = ` 95 We know that,
95 (100 + gain%)
On ` 1 the cost price was = S.P. = × C.P.
100 100
95  100 + 5 
On ` 75, the cost price was = × 75 =   × 750
100  100 
The cost price of 15 kg flour = ` 71.25 5 105 × 750 105 × 75
3. The bought price including VAT = ` 13,500 = =
100 10
Let the cost price (C.P.) = ` 100
Value of VAT = 8% 7875
Selling price (S.P.) = = ` 787.5
Then, the selling price of 100 including the VAT 10
= ` 108 (b) Buying Price = ` 1150
Now, when price including VAT is ` 108 Transportation charges = ` 50
the C.P. = ` 100 Cost price (C.P.) = 1150 + 50 = ` 1200
Hence, when price including tax is ` 13,500. profit % = 5%, Selling Price (S.P.) = ?
100
Original price = × 13, 500 Using formula,
108 (100 + gain%)
S.P. = × C.P.
Original price of T.V. Set = ` 12,500 100
(b) Bought price of shampoo battle including the VAT
= ` 180 (100 + 5)
= × 1200
Let the cost price (C.P.) = ` 100 100
VAT = 8% = 105 × 12
The selling price including the VAT = ` 108 Selling Price (S.P.) = ` 1260
When price including ` 108 (c) Buying Price = ` 560
original price = ` 100 Expenses = ` 40
Hence, when price including tax is ` 180 Cost Price = Buying Price + Expenses
100 Cost Price (C.P.) = 560 + 40 = ` 600
The original price = × 180
108 Profit = 5%
The original price of shampoo battle = ` 166.66 5 (100 + Profit%)
S.P. = × C.P.
4. Buying price = ` 700 100
Overhead expenses = ` 50
 100 + 5 
Cost price (C. P.) = Buying Price =   × 600
 + Overhead expenses  100 
= ` 700 + ` 50 105
= × 600
Cost price (C. P.) = ` 750 100
(a) Cost price (C. P.) = ` 750
Selling Price(S.P.) = ` 630 6
gain % = 5%

qqq

WORKSHEET-68
Solutions 154000 × 10
⇒
=x
11
1. New salary is ` 154,000 after increase of 10%
⇒ x = 1,40,000
Let suppose the original salary = ` x
The original salary = ` 1,40,000 4
Then increasing value of 10% = 10% of x 2. People went to the Zoo on Sunday = 845
10 x People went to the Zoo on Monday = 169
Increase value of 10% = ×x=
100 10 Decrease in the people = 845 – 169 = 676
New increase salary = 10% of original salary Decrease value of Monday = Decrease % of 845
x
 + Original salary 676 = × 845
x 100
154000 = +x 676 × 100
10 ⇒ =x
845
11x
⇒
154000 = ⇒ x = 80%
10
∴ 80% people decreased on Monday. 4

S OLUT I ONS P-73

 3. C. P. of 80 articles = ` 2400 Total S.P. = ` 7680 + ` 8640 = ` 16,320
Profit of 80 articles = 16% We find profit on whole transaction
S. P. of articles = ? Then, profit % = ?
We know that, profit % = S. P. – C. P.
 100 + Profit %  = 16320 – 16000
S. P. of 80 articles = 
100  × C.P. = ` 320
 
Profit × 100
 100 + 16  profit % =
=   × 2400 C.P.
 100 
320 × 100
= 116 × 24 =
S. P. of 80 articles = ` 2784 16000
2784 profit % = 2 %
S. P. of article =
80 Total 2 % of the profit on whole transaction. 4
6. The market price of jeans = ` 1450
= ` 34.80 4
4. Total C. P. of an article = (Buying price Discount % = 10%
 + Repairing price) 10
Discount value after 10% = × 1450 = ` 145
= 15,500 + 450 100
C. P. = ` 15,950 S.P after 10% discount = 1450 – 145 = ` 1305
S. P. = ? The market price of 2 shirts = 2 × 850 = ` 1700
Profit = 15% Rate × MP 10 × 1700
Discount on two shirts = =
100 + Profit % 
We know that, S. P. =   × C.P.
100 100
 100  = ` 170
 100 + 15  ∴ S. P. of two shirts = ` 1700 – ` 170 = ` 1530
=   × 15950 ∴ The customer had to pay = ` 1305 + ` 1530
 100 
= ` 2835  5
115 × 1595
= = ` 18,342.50 4 7.
S. P. of each buffalo = ` 20, 000
10
S. P. of two buffaloes = ` 20, 000 × 2 = ` 40, 000
S.P. of an article = ` 18,342.50. One buffalo is sold at 5% gain
5.
In the first case for VCR
 100 
C. P. = ` 8,000 Then, C. P. =  100 + gain %  × S. P.
Loss % = 4%  
S. P. = ?  100 
100 − Loss %  =   × 20, 000
We know that, S. P. =   × C.P.  100 + 5 
 100 
100
= × 20, 000
100 − 4 
=   × 8000
105
 100  C. P. = ` 19,047.62
= 96 × 80 Another buffalo is sold at 5% loss
S. P. = ` 7680  100 
In second case, for TV C. P. =   × S. P.
 100 − Loss % 
C. P. = ` 8000
Profit % = 8%  100 
=   × 20, 000
S. P. = ?  100 − 5 
100 + Profit % 
We know that, S. P. =   × C.P. =
100
× 20, 000
 100  95
100 + 8 
= 
C. P. = ` 22222.22
 × 8000 Total C. P. = ` 19047.62 + ` 22222.22
 100 
= 108 × 80 = ` 41269.84
S. P. = ` 8,640 Since, C. P. > S. P.; there is a loss
For whole transaction loss = C. P. – S. P.
Total C.P. = ` 8000 + ` 8000 = ` 16,000 = ` 41269.82 – ` 40,000
= ` 1269.82 5

qqq

P-74 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-69
Solutions A = ` 16,537.5
A = P + I
1.
C . P. = ` 13,000
16537.5 = 15000 + I
S. P. value of 12% on ` 13,000 = 12% of ` 13,000
Interest (I) = 16537.5 – 15000 = ` 1537.5
12
= × 13000 I = ` 1,537.5
100
A = ` 16,537.5 4
= ` 1,560
5. C.I. = ?
Total amount (Bill) = C. P. + Tax value
P = ` 8,000
= 13,000 + 1,560
= ` 14,560 Rate = 5%
Vinod pay for it = ` 14,560 4 Time(n) = 2 years
n
2. S. P. = ` 1600 and Discount % = 20%  R 
Let M. P. = ` 100 , then S. P. for customer = 100 – 20 A = P 1 + 
 100 
= 80 2
 When S. P. is ` 80, then M. P. = ` 100  5 
= 8000 1 + 
100  100 
When S. P. is ` 1, then M. P. =
80 2
 21 
100 = 8000  
When S. P. is ` 1600, then M. P. = × 1600  20 
80
21 21
Marked price = ` 2,000 = 8000 × ×
20 20
 4
A = 8,820
3. C. P. including VAT = ` 5,400, VAT % = 8%
C.I. = A – P = 8820 – 8000 =` 820
Let C. P. without VAT is ` 100, then price including
VAT = ` 108  4
∴ When price including VAT is ` 108, then original 6. (a) Amount when interest is compounded half
price = ` 100 yearly,
∴ When price including VAT is ` 1, then original 1 3
Then, Time = 1 year = × 2 = 3 half years
100 2 2
price =
108 8
Rate = 8% = = 4% half yearly
∴ When price including VAT is ` 5400, then original
2
price
Hence, the time period = 3 half yearly
100
= × 5400 and rate = 4%
108
(b) Amount when interest in compounded half yearly,
= ` 5,000 4 then
4. Principal (P) = ` 15,000 Time period = 2 years 2 × 2 = 4 half years
Rate (R) = 5% per annum
4
Time (n) = 2 year Rate = 4% = = 2%
2
Interest (I) = ?
Amount (A) = ? Hence, time period = 4 half years
We know that Rate = 2% 4
 R 
n 7. (a) Time(n) = 2 years
A = P 1 +
 P = ` 2,400
 100 
2
R = 5% per annum
 5  A = ?
= 15000 1 + 
 100  n
 R 
2 We know that, A = P 1 + 
 21   100 
A = 15000  
 20  2
 5 
21 21 = 2 , 400 1 + 
= 15000 × ×  100 
20 20

S OLUT I ONS P-75

 2 4
 21   51 
= 2 , 400   A = 1800  
 20   50 
21 21 51 51 51 51
= 2 , 400 × × A = 1800 × × × ×
20 20 50 50 50 50
= 6 × 441 46818 × 2601
A =
Amount (A) = ` 2,646 2500 × 25
(b) Amount when interest is compounded quarterly,
A = 18.72 × 104.04
Then, Time(n) = 1 × 4 = 4 Quarter years
A = 1947.62 4
1
Rate (R) = 8%× = 2% 8. P = ` 10,500
4

Reduction = 5% of ` 10,500 per year
P = ` 1,800
5
A = ? = × 10500 × 1
n 100
 r 
A = P 1 +  Reduction = ` 525
 100 
Value after 1 year = 10,500 – 525
2
 2  Cost value after 1 year = ` 9975 4
A = 1800 1 + 
 100 

qqq

WORKSHEET-70
Solutions 2. (a) Here, Principal (P) = ` 10,800
1 25
1. There is 4% increase in population every year. Rate (R) = 12 % = %
2 2
P = 12 Lakh = 12,00,000
Number of years (n) = 3
1200000 × 1 × 4
Increase value at 4% in 1 year = R 
n
100 
We have, A = P  1 × 
= 48,000  100 
Total increasing population in 1 year  25 
3
= 10,800  1 +
= 1200000 + 48000
 2 × 100 
= 12,48,000
3
Again, increase value at 4% for 2nd year  1 
= 10,800  1 +
1248000 × 1 × 4  2 × 4 
= = 49,920
100 3
 1
Total increasing population after 2 years = 10,800  1 + 
 8
= 1248000 + 49920
3
= 12,97,920 population after 9
 2 years = 10,800  
8
IInd method :
9 9 9
P = 12,00,000 = 10,800 × × ×
8 8 8
Increase population at 4% after 2 years
 4 
2 = ` 15,377.36
= 1200000 1 +  C. I. = A – P = ` 15,377.36 – ` 10800
 100 
2
= ` 4,577.36
 26 
= 1200000   (b) Here, Principal (P) = ` 18,000
 25 
1
26 26 Rate (R) = 10%, Time (n) = 2 years
= 1200000 × × 2
25 25
n
= 12,97,920  R 
A = P  1 +
After 2 years, population = 12,97,920 4  100 

P-76 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 2 3
 10   1 
= 18000  1 +  = 62500  1 + 
 100   25 
2 3
 1   26 
= 18000  1 +  = 62500  
 10   25 

 11 
2 26 26 26
= 18000   = 62500 × × ×
 10  25 25 25

11 11 = ` 70,304
= 18000 × × C . I. = A – P
10 10
= ` 70304 – ` 62500
= ` 21,780
= ` 7,804
1
Interest for on ` 21,780 rate of 10% (d) Here, P = ` 8000
2
n = 1 years = 2 half years
1 21780 × 10 × 1
= × = ` 1,089 9
2 100 R = 9% =
2
1
Total amount for 2 years = ` 21780 + ` 1089 (Compounded half yearly)
2
n
= ` 22,869  R 
A = P  1 +
C. I. = A – P = ` 22869 – ` 18000 = ` 4,869  100 

1 3 2
(c) Here, P = ` 62500, n = 1 = years  9 
= 8000  1 +
2 2  2 × 100 
= 3 half years 2
 209 
R = 8% = 4% = 8000  
 200 
(Compounded half yearly)
209 209
 R 
n = 8000 × ×
A = P  1 + 200 200
 100 
A = ` 8,736.20
3
 4  C . I. = A – P = ` 8736.20 – ` 8,000
= 62500  1 +
 100  = ` 736.20 10

qqq

WORKSHEET-71
Solutions = 26400 ×
23 23
×
20 20
1.
Here,
P = ` 26,400
R = 15% p.a. = ` 34,914
n = 2 years + 4 months 1
Interest for years at the rate of 15%
4 1 3
= 2 years = 2 years
12 3 1 34914 × 15 × 1
= ×
n 3 100
 R 
A = P  1 +  = ` 1,745.70
 100 
∴ Total amount = ` 34914 + ` 1745.70
2
 15  = ` 36,659.70
= 26400  1 +  2. For Fabina, P = ` 12500, R = 12% p.a.
 100 
2
T = 3 years
 23 
= 26400   S.I. = P × R × T
 20  100

S OLUT I ONS P-77

 12500 × 12 × 3  6 
2
= = ` 4500 = 12000  1 +
100 100 
 
For Radha, P = ` 12500, R = 10% p.a. 2
 53 
n = 3 years = 12000  
n  50 
 R 
A = P  1 +  53 53
 100  = 12000 × ×
50 50
3
 10  = ` 13,483.20
= 12500  1 + 
 100  I pay extra amount = A2 – A1
3
= ` 13483.20 – ` 13440
 11  = ` 43.20  5
= 12500  
 10  4. (a) P = ` 60,000, R = 12% = 6%
 (Compounded half yearly)
11 11 11 n = 6 month = 1 half year
= 12500 × × ×
10 10 10 n
 R 
= ` 16,673.50 A = P  1 + 
 100 
C. P. = A – P 1
= 16637.50 – 12500  6 
= 60000  1 +
= ` 4,137.5  100 
Fabina pays more interest, she pays more 53
= 60000 × = ` 63,600
= 4500 – 4137.50 50
= ` 362.50 5 (b) After 1 year, R = ` 60,000
3.
Here, P = 12000, R = 6% p.a. R =12% = 6%
T = 2 years (Compounded half yearly)
P × R ×T n = 1 year = 2 half years.
S. I. = n
100 R 
A = P  1 + 
12000 × 6 × 2  100 
= = ` 1440
100 6 
2

= 60,000  1 +
Amount (A) = P + S.I. = 12000 + 1,440  100 
= ` 13,440
53 53
Again in second case, = 60,000 × ×
n 50 50
 R 
A = P  1 + A = ` 67,416 5
 100 

qqq

WORKSHEET-72
Solutions (b) Compounded half yearly.
P = ` 80,000, R = 10%
1. (a) Compounded annually
1 10
P = ` 80,000, T = 1 year = = 5% half yearly
2 2

R = 10% of p.a. and 5% half yearly 1 3

n = 1 year = × 2 = 3 half years
R 
n 2 2

A = P  1 +  n
 100  R 
A = P  1 +
1  100 
10  5 
= 80,000  1 + 
 1 + 100 
 100     5 
3
= 80,000  1 + 
 100 
 11   21 
= 80,000     3
 10   20   21 
A =80,000  
A = ` 92,400  20 

P-78 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 21 21 21 3
= 80,000 × × × = × 2 = 3 half years
20 20 20 2
n
A = ` 92,610  R 
A = P  1 + 
Difference in amounts  100 
= ` 92,610 – ` 92,400 3
 5 
= ` 210 5 = 10,000  1 +
 100 
2. (a) Here, P = ` 8,000, R = 5%, n = 2 year
3
n  21 
 R  = 10,000  
A = P  1 +   20 
 100 
21 21 21
 5 
2 = 10,000 × × ×
= 8,000  1 + 20 20 20
 100 
= ` 11,576.25
2
 21  C.I. = A – P = ` 11576.25 – ` 10,000
= 8,000  
 20  = ` 1,576.25
21 21 If it is compounded annually, Then
= 8,000 × × = ` 8,820
20 20 1
P = ` 10,000, R = 10% p.a., n = 1 years
(b) Here, P = ` 8,000, R = 5%, n = 3 year 2
n n
 R   R 
A = P  1 + Amount for 1 year (0) = P  1 +
 100   100 
3 1
 5   10 
= 8,000  1 +  = 10000  1 + 
 100   100 
21 21 21  11 
= 8,000 × × × = 10000 ×   = ` 11000
20 20 20  10 
= ` 9,261 1 1 11000 × 1 × 10
Interest for 3rd year = ` 9261 – ` 8820 Interest for year = ×
2 2 100
= ` 441 5
= ` 550
10
3. Here, P = ` 10,000 , R = 10% = = 5% half yearly ∴ Total amount = ` 11000 + ` 550 = ` 11,550
2
Now, C . I. = A – P = ` 11,550 – `10,000 = `
1 1550
n = 1 year
2
Yes, interest ` 1,576.25 is more than ` 1,550. 5
qqq

WORKSHEET-73
Solutions  25 
3
= 4096  1 +
 4 × 100 
1. Here, P = ` 4096
1 25 25 3
R = 12 %= %=  1 
2 2 4 = 4096  1 + 
 16 
(Compounded half yearly) 17 17 17
= 4096 × × ×
1 16 16 16
Time (n) = 18 month = 1 years = 3 half years
2
= ` 4,913 5
n
 R  2. (a) Here A = 54000, R = 5%, n = 2 year,
A = P  1 +
 100  ∴P=?

S OLUT I ONS P-79

 n 2
 R   2.5 
A = P  1 +  =506000  1 + 
 100   100 
2 2
 5   1 
54000 = P  1 +  = 506000  1 + 
 100   40 
2
 21  41 41
= P   = 506000 × ×
 20  40 40
54000 × 20 × 20
⇒
P = = 5,31,616.25
21 × 21
Hence, the number of bacteria after 2 hours
= 48,980 (approx.)
∴ Population in 2001 was 48,980. = 5,31,616 5
(b) Here, P = 54000, R = 5% p.a., n = 2 years 4. Here, P = ` 42000, R = 8%, n = 1 year
n n
 R   R 
A = P  1 + A = P  1 -
 100 
 
100 
2
 5   8 
1
= 54000  1 +
 100  = 42000  1 -
 
100 
21 21
= 54000 × ×  2
20 20 = 42000  1 - 
 25 
= 59,535
Hence, population in 2005 would be 59335. 5 23
= 42000 ×
3.
Here, P = 5,06,000, R = 2.5%, n = 2 hours 25
n
 R  = ` 38,640 5
A = P  1 +
 100 

qqq

WORKSHEET-74
Solutions 49500 + x
x =
100
1. (c) 1 100x = 49500 + x
2. (b) 1 99x = 49500
49500
3. (b) 1 x = = 500
99
4. (c) 1 ∴ M.P = ` 500 3
5. (a) 1 8. Rate of decrement(R) = 8%
6. Discount = 5% of ` 5450 P = 4,375, n = 2
n
5  R 
= × 5450 = 272.50 ∴ Number of patient in 2003 = P  1 −

100  100 
∴ S.P. = M.P – Discount 8 
2

= 5450 – 272.50 = 4375  1 −
 100 
= ` 5,177.50 1
2
7.
Let M.P be ` x  92 
= 4375  
∴ Discount = 1% of ` x  100 
1 x 2
= ×x=  23 
100 100 = 4375  
 25 
∴
M.P = S.P + Discount
4375 × 23 × 23
x = = 3,703.
x = 495 + 25 × 25
100
Hence, number of patients in 2003 are 3703. 4

P-80 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 9. Marked price = ` 900 So, new number = 120 – 24 = 96
and selling price = ` 855 Net decrease = 100 – 96 = 4
∴ Discount = Marked price – Selling price 4
Hence, net decrease percent = × 100 = 4% 4
= ` 900 – ` 855 = ` 45 100
Let the discount rate be x%
11.

Marked Price = ` 280
Then, x% of marked price = 45
Discount = 20% of ` 280
x
× 900 = 45 20
100 = × 280 = ` 56
100
45 × 100
x = So, selling price = ` (280 – 56)
900
= ` 224
∴ x = 5% 4 Let the cost price be ` 100
10. Let the number be 100 Profit = 12% of ` 100
Increase in the number = 20% of 100 = 20 = ` 12
So, increased number = 100 + 20 = 120 So selling price = ` (100 + 12) = ` 112
Decrease in the number = 20% of 120 If the selling price is ` 112, cost price = ` 100
20 100 × 224
= × 120 = 24 If the selling price is ` 224, cost price = `
100 112
= ` 200. 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-75
Solutions 9.  Cost price of 12 lemons = ` 48
48
1. (c) 1 ∴ Cost price of 1 lemons = =`4
12
2. (d) 1
3. (b) 1  Selling price of 10 lemons = ` 40
4. (a) 1 40
∴ Selling price of 1 lemons = =`4
5. (c) 1 10
6. Discount = M.P – S.P Since, S.P. = C.P., So there is no profit and no loss.
= ` 625 – ` 562.50 = ` 62.50 Hence, gain = 0%. 3
Discount × 100 10. Principal (P) = ` 48,000
Discount% =
M.P Interest is compounded half yearly
62.50 × 100 8
= = 10% 1 Rate (R) = 8% p.a. = % half yearly
625 2
∴ Increase in price = 20% of ` 45,000
7. Time (n) = 1 year
20 = 1 × 2 = 2 half years
= × 45,000
100 n
 R 
= ` 20 × 450 A = P  1 + 
 200 
= ` 9,000
∴ This year’s price = [Last year’s price] 8 
2
= 48000  1 +
 + [Increase in price]
 200 
= ` 45,000 + ` 9,000 = ` 54,000 3
8.
Given, 70% of the student population are boys 26 26
= 48000 × ×
rest 30% of the students are girls 25 25
 30% of the students population = 120 = 76.8 × 26 × 26
120 = ` 51,916.80
∴ 1% of the students population =
30 Therefore, Compound Interest = A – P
120 = ` (51,916.80 – 48,000)
∴ 100% of the student population =
× 100 = 400
30 = ` 3,916.80 3
So, total enrolments are 400. 3

S OLUT I ONS P-81

 1 ∴ Amount = ` 15,377.34
11.
Here, P = ` 10,800, T =3 years, R = 12 % = ` 15,377.34
2
Now, Compound Interest = ` 15,377.34 – ` 10,800
25 = ` 4,577.34 4
p.a. = % p.a.
2 12. Given, P = ` 45000, R = 12%, T = 5 year
We have, P × R×T 45, 000 × 12 × 5
∴ S.I. = =
n 100 100
 R 
A = P  1 +
 100  = ` 27,000
n 5
3  R   12 
 25  and A = P  1 +  = 45,000  1 +
= ` 10,800  1 + 100  100 
 2 × 100   
[∴ n = T]
[ Interest compounded annually, ∴ n = 3]
5
3  112 
 225  = 45,000  
= ` 10800    100 
 200 
= 79,305.37
225 225 225
= ` 10800 × × × C.I. = A – P = 79,305.37 – 45,000
200 200 200
= ` 34,305.37
675 × 9 × 9 × 9
= ` ∴ Difference between compound interest and
4×8 simple interest
492075 = 34,305.37 – 27,000
= `
32 = 7,305.37 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-76
Solutions 8. Total Cost Price of the two-wheeler (C.P.)
= ` 15,000 + overhead expenses
1. (a) 1 = ` 15,000 + ` 500
2. (c) 1 = ` 15,500
3. (c) 1 Selling Price (S.P.) = ` 18,600
 S.P. > C.P. = She got profit
4. (a) 1
∴ Profit = ` 18,600 – 15,500 = ` 3,100
5. (b) 1
3100
6. Cost price of the pair of shoes = ` 900 Now, Profit percent = × 100 = 20%
15500
∴
Sales tax = 5% of ` 900
Thus, she earned a profit of 20%. 3
5 9. The price of the calculator = ` 750
= × (` 900) = ` 45
100 Sales tax = 5% of ` 750
∴
Bill amount = Sale price + Sales tax 5
= ` × 750
= ` 900 + ` 45 100
75
= ` 945. 2 =`
7. M.P of watch = ` 5,400 2
S.P of watch = ` 4,500 = ` 37.50
Discount = M.P – S.P ∴ Bill amount = Sales Price + Sales
= 5400 – 4500 Tax
= ` 900 = ` 750 + ` 37.50
Discount × 100 = ` 787.50 3
Discount % =
M.P 10. Since, P = ` 8,000
900 × 100 50 R = 10% p.a
= = % 2 and n = 3 years 1
5400 3
Using the formula,

P-82 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 n 2
 R   27   53 
A =  1 +  = 31250 ×   ×  
 100   25   50 

 10 
3 27 27 53
= 8000 ×  1 + = 31250 × × ×
100  25 25 50
 
11 11 11 = ` 38,637
= 8000 × × × Hence, C.I. = 38637 – 31250 = ` 7387
10 10 10
(b) Since, C.P. = ` 750 and S.P = ` 875
= ` 10,640 S.P. > C.P.
Thus, Amount after 3 years = ` 10,640 Gain = ` (875 – 750) = ` 125
and C.I. = A – P
 Gain 
= ` 10,640 – 8,000 Then, Gain% =  × 100 
 C.P. 
= ` 2,640. 5
3 125
12. (a) Since, P = ` 31,250, n = 2 years, R = 8% p.a. = × 100
4 750

 3  50 2
2 ×8  = % = 16 % 6
 8   4 3 3
Then, A = 31250  1 + × 1 + 
 100   100 
 
 

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-83

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
9 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS AND IDENTITIES

WORKSHEET-77
Solutions (c) 3 monomials with x and y as variables are :
– xy2, 8xy, 4x2y
1. (i) 3xy and 5yx are like terms, which are like 7xy
(d) 2 polynomials with 4 or more terms are :
(ii) 8mn2 and 5n2m are like terms, which are like 4mn2
2x + 3y + 4z + 7, 9x2 – 2y2 +z2 + 7xy + 2yx + 3zx4
(iii) 4l and – 7l are like terms, which are like 2l.
8. (a) 5xyz2 – 3zy
2. Representation of x on number line :
Terms 5xyz2 – 3zy
x Their coefficients 5 –3
O A 2
(b) 1 + x + x
Representation of x – 4 on number line
Terms 1 x x2
x
Their coefficients 1 1 1
O (x – 4) B 4 A
(c) 4x2y2 – 4x2y2z2 + z2
Representation of 2x + 1 on number line.
Terms 4x2y2 4x2y2z2 z2
x x 1 Their coefficients 4 –4 1
O A B C
(2x + 1) (d) 3 – pq + qr – rp
Representation of 3x – 2 on number line Terms 3 pq qr rp
Their coefficients 3 –1 1 –1
x x x
1 x y
O A B D C (e) + − xy
(3x – 2) 2 2 2
3. The coefficient of x in the term x2y2 is 1 Terms x y xy
The coefficient of x in the term – 10x2y is – 10 1 1
The coefficient of x in the term 5xy is 5 Their coefficients –1
2 2
The coefficient of x in the term – 20 is – 20 2
4. (i) 17 is monomial (f) 0.3a – 0.6ab + 0.5b
(ii) – z + 5 and ab – ac are binomials.
Terms a ab b
(iii) x + y + z and y + z + 100 are trinomials. 2
Their coefficients 0.3 0.6 0.5
5. The monomials are 1000, pqr.
 5
The binomials are x + y, 2y – 3y2, 4z – 15z2, p2q +
pq2, 2p + 2q. 9. (a) 12a – 9ab + 5b – 3
The trinomials are 7 + y + 5x, 2y – 3y2 + 4y3, 5x – 4y 4a – 7ab + 3b + 12
+ 3xy (–) (+) (–) (–) subtracting
Polynomials that do not fit in these categories are : 8a – 2ab + 2b – 15
x + x2 + x3 + x4, ab + bc + cd + da 3 (b) 5xy – 2yz – 2zx + 10xyz

6. Expressions with one variable 3xy + 5yz – 7zx

(–) (–) (+) subtracting
a2, a2 + 6, a2 + 24, a3 + 4, 2a + 4

2xy –  7yz + 5zx + 10xyz
Expressions with two variables
(c) 18 – 3p – 11q + 5pq – 2pq2 + 5p2q
x2 + y, x2 + a2, 2x2 + 4y, 4x2 + 2xy, 9x2 + 5z – 10 – 8p + 7q – 3pq + 5pq2 + p2q
7. (a) 3 binomials with only x as a variable are :
(+) (+) (–) (+) (–) (–)
x + 2, 5x + 9, – 2 + x2
28 + 5p – 18q + 8pq – 7pq + 4p2q
2
(b) 3 binomials with x and y as variables are :
x – y, 5 – 3xy, 4x – 13y Therefore, 4p2q – 7pq2+ 8pq – 18q + 5p + 28
8

P-84 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 10. (a) ab – bc (c) 2p2q2 – 3pq + 4

+ bc – ca – 3p2q2 + 7pq + 5

– ab + ca – p2q2 + 4pq + 9
(d) l2 + m2
0 + 0 + 0 = 0

m2 + n2
(b) a – b + ab

l2 + n2
b – c + bc
+ 2lm + 2mn + 2nl
–a + c + ac 2 2 2
2l + 2m + 2n + 2lm + 2mn + 2nl
0 + 0 + ab + 0 + bc + ac or 2(l2 + m2 + n2 + lm + mn + nl)
 8

qqq

WORKSHEET-78
Solutions p×r×t
interest is , where p is the principal, r is the
100
1. (a) “We can think of distance”. We know that,
rate and t is the time. If the principal is increased by
“distance” is s × t, where s is the speed and t is time.
2 units i.e. (p + 2) and time is decreased by 6 units,
If the speed is increased by 4 i.e. (s + 4) and time is
i.e. (t – 6), and the rate is same, the new simple
decreased by 1 i.e. (t – 1), the new distance will be (s
+ 4) × (t – 1) ( p + 2 ).r.(t − 6 )
interest will be .
So, we find a distance, we may need to multiply 100
algebraic expression. So, to find a simple interest, we need to multiply
(b) “We can think of simple interest”. The simple algebraic expression. 2
2. 
Length Breadth Area of rectangle (l × b)
(l) (b) (l × b)
p q p × q = pq
10 m 5n 10m× 5n = 10 × 5 × m × n = 50 mn
2 2
20x 5y 20x2 × 5y2 = (20 × 5) × (x2 × y2) = 100x2y2
4x 3x2 (4 × 3) × (x × x2) = 12x3
3mn 4np (3 × 4) × (mn × np) = 12mn2p 3
(d) No, the order in which we copy out the
3. (a) 4x × 5y × 7z multiplication does not matter. 4
= (4 × 5 × 7) × (x × y × z) 4. (a) 4, 7p
= 140 xyz = 4 × 7p
(b) I. 4x × 5y = (4 × 7)p = 28p
= (4 × 5) × (x × y)
(b) – 4p, 7p
= 20 xy
II. 20xy × 7z = – 4p × 7p
(20 × 7) × (xy × z) = – (4 × 7) × (p × p)
= 140xyz ...(i) = – 28p2
Now, 5y × 7z
(c) – 4p, 7pq
= (5 × 7) × (y × z) = – 4p × 7pq
= 35 yz
= (– 4 × 7) × (p × pq)
Secondly, 35yz × 4x
= – 28p2q
= (35 × 4) × (yz × x) 3
= 140 yzx or 140 xyz ...(ii) (d) – 4p , – 3p
(c) Yes, the result is same. = – 4p3 × – 3p

S OLUT I ONS P-85

 = – 4p3 (– 3p)
(e) 4p, 0
3 = 4p × 0
= (– 4 × – 3) × (p × p)
= 12p4 = (4 × 0) × p
= 0 × p = 0 5
5.
First monomial →
2x – 5y 3x2 – 4xy 7x2y – 9x2y2
Second monomial ↓

2x 4x2 – 10xy 6x3 – 8x2y 14x3y – 18x3y2

2 2 2 2 2
– 5y – 10xy 25y – 15x y 20xy – 35x y 45x2y3
3x2 6x3 – 15x2y 9x4 – 12x3y 21x4y – 27x4y2
– 4xy – 8x2y 20xy2 – 12x3y 16x2y2 – 28x3y2 36x3y3
7x2y 14x3y – 35x2y2 21x4y – 28x3y2 49x4y2 – 63x4y3
2 2 3 2 2 3 4 2 3 3 4 3
– 9x y – 18x y 45x y – 27x y 36x y – 63x y 81x4y4

 5

qqq
WORKSHEET-79
Solutions = 36 a2 b2c2

(e) m × (– mn) × (mnp) = (m × – m × m) × (n × n) × (p)
1. (4p2 + 5p + 7) × 3p
= (4p2 × 3p) + (5p × 3p) + (7 × 3p) = – m3 × n2 × p
= 12p3 + 15p2 + 21p 2 = – m3 n2 p 5
2. We know that 5. (a) 4p × (q + r) = 4 (p × q) + 4 (p × r)
Volume = length × breadth × height = 4 pq + 4 pr
Length Breadth Height Volume (b) ab × (a – b) = (ab × a) – (ab × b)
2 4
5a 3a 7a 5a × 3a × 7a4 = 105 a7
2
= a2b – ab2
2p 4q 8r 2p × 4q × 8r = 64pqr
(c) (a + b) × 7a2 b2 = a (7a2 b2) + b(7a2 b2)
2 2 2 2 4 4
xy 2x y 2xy xy × 2x y × 2xy = 4x y = 7a3 b2 + 7a2 b3

a 2b 3c a × 2b × 3c = 6abc (d) (a – 9) × 4a = (a2 × 4a) – (9 × 4a)
2

 4 = 4a3 – 36a
3. (a) 2x (3x + 5xy)
(e) (pq + qr + rp) × 0 = 0  5
= (2x × 3x) + (2x × 5xy)
= 6x2 + 10 x2y 6.
(b) a2 (2ab – 5c) First Second
= (a2 × 2ab) – (a2 × 5c) Product
expression expression
= 2a3b – 5a2c 4
4. (a) xy × yz × zx = (x × x) × (y × y) × (z × z) (a) a b+c+d a × (b + c + d)
= x2 × y2 × z2 = a2 + ab + ac

= x2 y2z2 (b) x+y–5 5 xy (x + y – 5) × 5 xy
2 3
(b) a × (– a ) × a = – a3 × a3 = 5 x2y + 5 xy2 – 25xy

= – a6
(c) p 6p2 – 7p + 5 p × (6p2 – 7p + 5)
(c) 2 × 4y × 8y × 16y = (2 × 4 × 8 × 16) × (y × y2 × y3)
2 3

= 1024 × y6 = 6p3 – 7p2 + 5p

= 1024 y6 (d) 4p2q2 p2 – q2 4p2q2(p2 – q2)

(d) a × 2b × 3c × 6abc = (1 × 2 × 3 × 6) = 4p4q2 – 4p2 q4)
 × (a × b × c × abc)
(e) a+b+c abc (a + b + c) abc
= 36 × (a2 b2 c2)
= a2bc + ab2c + abc2

P-86 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 5  −3  3 3
7. (a) a2 × (2a22) × (4a26) = (1 × 2 × 4) × (a2 × a22 × a26) =   × ( x y )
 5 
= 8 × a50 = 8 a50
 −10 3   6 3   −10 6 
 2   −9 2 2  (c)  pq  ×  p q  =  ×  × ( pq 3 × p 3 q )

(b)  xy  ×  x y   3   5   3 5
 3   10 
= – 4 × (p4q4)
 2 −9  2 2 = – 4p4q4
=  ×  × ( xy × x y )
 3 10  (d) x × x2 × x3 × x4 = x3 × x3 × x4

 2 −9  = x6 × x4
2 2
=  ×  × ( xy × x y )
= x10 8
 3 10 

qqq

WORKSHEET-80
Solutions (d) We have, 3a (a + b + c) – 2b (a – b + c)
= 3a2 + 3ab + 3ac – (2ab – 2b2 + 2bc)
1. (a) (5 – 2x) (3 + x) = 5 (3 + x) – 2x (3 + x)
= 3a2 + 3ab + 3ac – 2ab + 2b2 – 2bc)
= 15 + 5x – 6x – 2x2 = 3a2 + 2b2 + ab + 3ac – 2bc

= – 2x2 – x + 15 and 4c (– a + b + c)
(b) (x + 7y) (7x – y) = x (7x – y) + 7y (7x – y) = – 4ac + 4bc + 4c2
= 7x2 – xy + 49xy – 7y2
Now, – 4ac + 4bc + 4c2 – (3a2 + 2b2 + ab + 3ac – 2bc)
= 7x2 + 48xy – 7y2 = – 4ac + 4bc + 4c2 – 3a2 – 2b2 – ab – 3ac + 2bc)

(c) (a2 + b) (a + b2) = a2 (a + b2) + b (a + b2) = – 3a2 – 2b2 + 4c2 – ab – 7ac + 6bc
= a3 + a2 b2 + ab + b3 Therefore, – 3a2 – 2b2 + 4c2 – ab + 6bc – 7ac 12

(d) (p2 – q2) (2p + q) = p2 (2p + q) – q2 (2p + q) 3. (a) (2x + 5) × (4x – 3)
= 2 p3 + p2q – 2pq2 – q3 8 = 2x (4x – 3) +5 (4x – 3)
2. (a) First expression = p (p – q) = p2 – pq = (2x × 4x) – (2x × 3) + (5 × 4x) – (5 × 3)
Second expression = q (q – r) = q2 – qr = 8x2 – 6x + 20x – 15
Third expression = r (r – p) = r2 – rp = 8x2 + 14x – 15
Now, adding three expression (b) (y – 8) × (3y – 4)
p2 – pq = (y × 3y) – (y × 4) – (8 × 3y) + (8 × 4)
+ q2 – qr = 3y2 – 4y – 24y + 32
+ + r2 – rp = 3y2 – 28y + 32
p – pq + q – qr + r2 – rp
2 2
(c) (2.5l – 0.5m) × (2.5l + 0.5m)
Therefore, p2 + q2 + r2 – pq = 2.5l × (2.5l + 0.5m) – 0.5m (2.5l + 0.5m)
– qr – rp = (2.5l × 2.5l) + (2.5l × 0.5m)
(b) First expression = 2x (z – x – y) = 2xz – 2x2 – 2xy  – (0.5m × 2.5l) – (0.5m × 0.5m)
Second expression = 2y (z – y – x) = 2yz – 2y2 – 2xy = 6.25l2 + 1.25 lm – 1.25 lm – 0.25 m2
Now, adding the two expressions = 6.25 l2 – 0.25 m2
2xz – 2x2 – 2xy
(d) (a + 3b) and (x + 5)
+ – 2xy + 2yz – 2y2 = a (x + 5) + 3b (x + 5)

2xz – 2x – 4xy + 2yz – 2y2
2
= (a × x) + (a × 5) + (3b × x) + (3b × 5)

Therefore, – 2x2 – 2y2 – 4xy + 2xz + 2yz = ax + 5a + 3bx + 15b
(c) We have, 3l (l – 4m + 5n) (e) (2pq + 3q2) and (3pq – 2q2)
= 3l2 – 12lm + 15ln = 2pq (3pq – 2q2) + 3q2 (3pq – 2q2)
and 4l (10n – 3m + 2l) = 6p2q2 – 4pq3 + 9pq3 – 6q4
= 40ln – 12lm + 8l2 = 6p2q2 + 5pq3 – 6q4

Now, 40ln – 12lm + 8l2 3 2  2 2 2
2

15ln – 12lm + 3l2 (f)  a + 3b  and 4  a − b 
 4   3 
(–) (+) (–)
25ln + 0 + 5l2 3 2  2   2 
= a × 4  a 2 − b 2  + 3b 2 × 4  a 2 − b 2 

Therefore, 5l2 + 25ln 4  3   3 

S OLUT I ONS P-87

 2 2 2 2 = 3a4 – 2a2b2 + 12a2b2 – 8b4
2 2 2 2
= 3a  a − b  + 12b  a − b  = 3a4 + 10a2b2 – 8b4 12
 3   3 

qqq

WORKSHEET-81
2 2
Solutions x  x   3y   3y 
=   + 2   +  
1. (a) (x +3) (x + 3) = (x + 3)2  2   2  4   4 
= x2 + 2(x)(3) + (3)2 x2 3 9y2
 = + xy +
(Use the identity (a+b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2) 4 4 16

= x2 + 6x + 9
(j) (7a – 9b) (7a – 9b) = (7a – 9b)2
(b) (2y + 5) (2y + 5) = (2y + 5)2
= (2y)2 + 2 (2y) (5) + (5)2
= (7a)2 – 2(7a) (9b) + (9b)2

= 4y2 + 20y + 25 = 49a2 – 126ab + 81b2  20
2
(c) = (2a – 7) (2a – 7) 2. (a) (x + 3) (x + 7) = x + (3 + 7) x + 3 × 7
= (2a – 7)2  (Use the identity)

= (2a)2 – 2(2a) (7) + (7)2 = x2 + 10x + 21
= 4a2 – 28a + 49 (b) (4x + 5) (4x + 1) = (4x)2 + (5 + 1)x + 5 × 1
 1  1  1
2
 (Use the identity)
(d)  3a − 2   3a − 2  =  3a − 2  = 16x2 + 6x + 5
    
2 (c) (4x – 5) (4x – 1) = (4x)2 – (5 + 1) 4x + (– 5)(– 1)
1 1
= (3a)2 – 2(3a)   +   = 16x2 – 24x + 5
2 2
(d) (4x + 5) (4x – 1) = (4x)2 + (5 – 1) × 4x + (5 × –1)
1  (Use the identity)
= 9a2 – 3a +
4 = 16x2 + 4 × 4x – 5
(e) (1.1 m – 0.4) (1.1 m + 0.4) = 16x2 + 16x – 5
Use the identity (iii), (e) (2x + 5y) (2x + 3y)
(a – b) (a + b) = a2 – b2
= (2x)2 + (5y + 3y) × 2x + (5y × 3y)
= (1.1 m)2 – (0.4)2
= 4x2 + 8y × 2x + (5y × 3y)
= 1.21 m2 – 0.16
(f) (a2 + b2) (– a2 + b2) = (b2+ a2) (b2 – a2) = 4x2 + 16xy + 15y2

= (b2)2 – (a2)2 (Use the identity)
2 2

= b4 – a4 (f) (2a + 9) (2a + 5)

(g) (6x + 7) (6x – 7) = (6x)2 – (7)2 = (2a2)2 + (9 + 5) 2a2 + 9 × 5
= 36x2 – 49  (Use the identity)
(h) (– a + c) (– a + c) = (– a + c)2 = 4a4 + 14 × 2a2 + 45

= (c – a)2 = 4a4 + 28a2 + 45
= (c)2 – 2 (c)(a) + (a)2 (g) (xyz – 4) (xyz – 2)
= c2 – 2ac + a2
2
= (xyz)2 + (– 4 – 2)xyz + (– 4 × –2)
 x 3y   x 3y   x 3y   (Use the identity)
(i)  2 + 4  2 + 4  =  2 + 4 
     2 2 2
= x y z – 6xyz + 8 21
qqq

WORKSHEET-82
Solutions = (3x)2 – (2×3×7)x + (7)2 = (3x)2 –2(3x) (7) + (7)2
= (3x – 7)2 = R.H.S
1. (a) (3x + 7)2 – 84x = (3x – 7)2 (b) (9p – 5q)2 + 180pq = (9p + 5q)2
Taking L.H.S. = (3x + 7)2 – 84x Taking L.H.S. = (9p – 5q)2 + 180pq
= {(3x)2 + 2(3x) × 7 + (7)2} – 84x
= {(9p)2 – 2 × 9p × 5q + (5q)2 + 180 pq
= 9x2 + 42x + 49 – 84x
= 81p2 – 90pq + 25q2 + 180pq
= 9x2 + 49 – 42x
= 81p2 + 25q2 + 90pq
P-88 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 = (9p)2 + (5q)2 + (2×9×5)pq 2 2
2   2  3   3 
= (9p + 5q)2 = R.H.S =  m + 2 m n  +  n 
2
 3   3  2   2 
4 3  16 2 9 2
(c)  m − n  + 2mn = m + n 4 2 4 3  9 2
3 4  9 16 = m + m n +  n 
9 3 2  4 
Taking L.H.S.
4 9
= m 2 + 2mn + n 2
2
4 3 
=  m − n  + 2mn 9 4
3 4 
(e) (0.4P – (0.4P)2
 4  2 2
 4   3   3   using the identity
=  m − 2  m  n +  n  + 2mn
 3  3 4  4   = (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
 
= (0.4P)2 – 2(0.4P) (0.4Q) + (0.4Q)2
16 2 9 = 0.16P2 – 0.32PQ + 0.16Q2
= m − 2mn + n 2 + 2mn
9 16
(f) (2xy + 5y)2
16 2 9 2 Using the identity,
= m + n − 2mn + 2mn
9 16 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
16 2 9 2 = (2xy)2 + 2(2xy) (5y) + (5y)2
= m + n = R.H.S. = 4x2y2 + 20xy2 + 25 y2 12
9 16
3. (a) (a2 – b2)2
(d) (4pq + 3q)2 – (4pq – 3q)2 = 48pq2
Using the identity,
Taking L.H.S
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
= (4pq + 3q)2 – (4pq – 3q)2
= (a2)2 – 2a2b2 + (b2)2
= {(4pq)2 + 2(4pq) (3q) + (3q)2 – {(4pq)2
 – 2(4pq) 3q + (3q)2} = a4 – 2a2b2 + b4
= 16p q + 24pq + 9q – (16p q – 24pq2 + 9q2)
2 2 2 2 2 2 (b) (2x + 5)2 – (2x – 5)2
= (16 – 16) p2q2 + (24 + 24) pq2 + (9 – g) q2 Using the identities,
= 0 + 48pq2 + 0 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
= 48 pq2 = R.H.S 9 (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
2. (a) (b – 7)2 = {(2x)2 + 2 (2x) (5) + (5)2} – (2x – 5)2

Using the identity, = {4x2 + 4x × 5 + 25} – {(2x)2 – 2(2x) (5) + (5)2}
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 = {(4x2 + 20x + 25 – (4x2 – 20x + 25)}
= b2 – 2 (b) (7) + (7)2 = 4x2 + 20x + 25 – 4x2 + 20x – 25
= b2 – 14b + 49 = 20x + 20x
2
(b) (xy + 3z) = 40x
Using the identity, (c) (7m – 8n)2 + (7m + 8n)2
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 = (xy)2 + 2(xy) (3z) + (3z)2 = {(7m)2 – 2(7m) (8n) + (8n)2} + {(7m)2
= x2y2 + 6xyz + 9z2  + 2(7m) (8n) + (8n)2}
(c) (6x2 – 5y)2 = (6x2)2 – 2(6x2)(5y) + (5y)2 = 49m – 112mn + 64n + 49m + 112mn + 64n2
2 2 2
Use the identity, = 98m2 + 128n2
2
(a – b) = a2 – 2ab + b2
(d) (4m + 5n)2 + (5m + 4n)2
= 36x4 – 12x2 × 5y + 25y2 Using the identity,
= 36x4 – 60x2y + 25y2 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
2 3 
2 = {(4m)2 + 2(4m) (5n) + (5n)2} + {(5m)2
(d)  m + n   + 2 (5m) (4n) + (4n)2}
3 2 
2 2
= (16m + 40 mn + 25n )
Using the identity,
 + (25m2 + 40 mn + 16n2)
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
= (16 + 25)m + (40 + 40)mn + (25 + 16) n2
2

= 41 m2 + 80 mn + 41n2 12

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-89

 WORKSHEET-83
Solutions = (70)2 + 2 (70) (1) + (1)2
= 4900 + 140 + 1
1. (a) 103 × 104 = 5041
= (100 + 3) (100 + 4) (b) 992
= (100)2 + (3 + 4) × 100 + 3 × 4 = (100 – 1)2
= 10000 + 700 + 12
Using the identity,
= 10,712 (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
(b) 5.1 × 5.2 = (100)2 – 2(100) (1) + 1
= (5 + 0.1) (5 + 0.2) = 10000 – 200 + 1
= (5)2 + (0.1 + 0.2) × 5 + (0.1 × 0.2) = 10001 – 200
= 25 + 0.3 × 5 + 0.02 = 9,801
= 25 + 1.5 + 0.02 (c) 5.22
= 26.52
= (5 + 0.2)2
(c) 103 × 98 = (5)2 + 2(5) (0.2) + (0.2)2
= (100 + 3) (100 – 2) = 25 + 2 + 0.04
= (100)2 + {3 + (–2)} × 100 + (3 × (–2)) = 27 + 0.04
= 10000 + (3 – 2) × 100 – 6 = 27.04
= 10000 + 1 × 100 – 6 (d) 297 × 303
= 10000 + 100 – 6 = (300 – 3) (300 + 3)
= 10,094 Using the identity,
(d) 9.7 × 9.8 (a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2
= (10 – 0.3) (10 – 0.2) = (300)2 – (3)2
= (10)2 + (– 0.3 + – 0.2) × 10 + {(– 0.3) (– 0.2)} = 90000 – 9
= 100 + (– 0.3 – 0.2) 10 + { + 0.06} = 89,991
= 100 – 0.5 × 10 + 0.06 (e) 78 × 82
= 100 – 5 + 0.06 = (80 – 2) × (80 + 2)
= 95.06 8 Using the identity,
2. (a) 512 – 492 (a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2

= (51 + 49) (51 – 49) = (80)2 – (2)2
= 100 × 2 = 6400 – 4
= 200 = 6,396
(b) (1.02)2 – (.98)2 (f) 8.92

= (1.02 + 0.98) (1.02 – 0.98) = (9 – 0.1)2
= 2 × 0.04 Using the identity,
= .08 (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
(c) 1532 – 1472 = (9)2 – 2 (9) (0.1) + (0.1)2

= (153 + 147) (153 – 147) = 81 – 1.8 + 0.01
= 300 × 6 = 79.21
= 1800 (g) 1.05 × 0.95
(d) 12.12 – 7.92 = (1 + 0.05) (1 – 0.05)

= (12.1 + 7.9) (12.1 – 7.9) Using the identity,
= 20 × 4.2 (a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2
= 84 12 We get,
3. (a) 712 1.05 × 0.95 = (1)2 – (0.05)2

= (70 + 1)2
= 1 – 0.0025
Using the identity,
= 1.0000 – 0.0025
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
= 0.9975 14

qqq

P-90 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-84
Solutions 49 + 2 = x 2 +
1
x2
1. (b) 1
1
2. (d) 1 x2 + = 51 4
x2
3. (a) 1
9. (a) – pqr (p2 + q2 + r2)
4. (b) 1
= – (pqr) × p2 – (pqr) × q2 – (pqr) × r2
5. (a) 1
= – p3qr – pq3r – pqr3
6. 8y2 + 6xy – 3x2 (b) (px + qy) (ax – by)
5y2 – 4xy + 6x2 = px (ax – by) + qy (ax – by)

– + – = apx2 – pbxy + aqxy – qby2 4
2 2 10. We know that,
3y + 10xy – 9x 2
(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
7. (a) 7a2bc – 3 abc2 + 3a2bc + 2abc2 Here, a + b = 25, a2 + b2 = 225
⇒ 7a2bc – 3abc2 + 3a2bc + 2abc2 ⇒ (25)2 = 225 + 2ab
⇒ 625 = 225 + 2ab
⇒ 10 a2bc – abc2
625 – 225 = 2ab
(b) [5x – 3xy + 4y – 9] + [ 7y2 + 5xy – 2x2 + 13]
2 2
⇒ 400 = 2ab
⇒ 5x2 – 3xy + 4y2 – 9 + 7y2 + 5xy – 2x2 + 13 400
⇒ ab =
⇒ 3x2 + 11y2 + 2xy + 4 4 2
8. We know that (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 ⇒ ab = 200 5
2 2 R.H.S = (9982)2 – (18)2
11.
 1 2 1 1 = (9982 + 18) (9982 – 18)
∴
 x − x  = (x) – 2(x)  x  +  x  1
      [ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]
2 = 10000 × 9964
 1 1
 x − x  = x − 2 + 2
2 Now 10000 y = 10000 × 9964
  x 10000 × 9964
y =
1 10000
(7)2 = x 2 − 2 +
x2 y = 9,964 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-85
Solutions = 20x + 20x
= 40x
1. (c) 1 Alternate Method :
2. (b) 1 Since, a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)
3. (a) 1 ∴ (2x + 5) – (2x – 5)2 = [(2x + 5) + (2x – 5)]
2

4. (d) 1 [(2x + 5) – (2x – 5)]

5. (b) 1 = (4x)[2x + 5 – 2x + 5]
6. (a) 15xy2 × 17yz2 = (15 × 17) × x × y2 × y × z2 = (4x)(10) = 40x 3
= 255 xy3z2 9. (a) (3x + 2y)2 – (3x – 2y)2
= [(3x)2 + 2(3x) (2y) + (2y)2]
(b) – 5a bc × 11ab × 13abc2 = (– 5 × 11 × 13) a2bc × ab
2
 – [(3x)2 – 2(3x) (2y) + (2y)2]
 × abc2
= (9x + 12xy + 4y ) – (9x2 – 12xy + 4y2)
2 2
4 3 3
= – 715 a b c 2 = 9x2 + 12xy + 4y2 – 9x2 + 12xy – 4y2
7. We have, = 24xy
– 4p × 7pq = (– 4 × 7) × p × pq 2
7 9 
= – 28p2q 2 (b)  a + b  − ab
 9 7 
8. (2x + 5) – (2x – 5) = [(2x)2 + (5)2 + 2 × 2x × 5]
2 2
2 2
 – [(2x)2 + (5)2 – 2 × 2x × 5] 7   7  9   9 
=  a  + 2  a   b  +  b  − ab
= [4x2 + 25 + 20x] – [4x2 + 25 – 20x]  9   9  7   7 
= 4x2 + 25 + 20x – 4x2 – 25 + 20x

S OLUT I ONS P-91

 49 2 81 8 × 4.5
= a + 2 ab + b 2 − ab =
81 49 4.5
49 2 81 = 8
= a + ab + b 2 4
81 49 198 × 198 − 102 × 102
(b)
6.25 × 6.25 − 1.75 × 1.75 96
10. (a)
4.5 (198 )2 − (102 )2
=
2
( 6.25) − (1.75) 2 96
=
4.5 (198 + 102 )(198 − 102 )
=
( 6.25 + 1.75)( 6.25 − 1.75) 96
=
4.5 [Q a2 – b2 = (a+ b) (a – b)]
2 2 300 × 96
 [Q a – b = (a + b) (a – b)]
=
96
= 300 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-86
Solutions = 1 – 0.0025
= 1.0000 – 0.0025
1. (d) 1 = 0.9875 2
2. (b) 1 10. L.H.S = (4pq + 3q)2 – (4pq – 3q)2
3. (b) 1 = (4pq)2 + 2 (4pq) (3q) + (3q)2 – [(4pq)2
4. (c) 1  – 2(4pq) (3q) + (3q)2]
5. (b) 1 = 16p q + 24pq + 9q – [16p q – 24pq2 + 9q2]
2 2 2 2 2 2

2 = 16p2q2 + 24pq2 + 9q2 – 16p2q2 + 24pq2 – 9q2

3 4  = 48pq2 = R.H.S 3
6.  x − y  + 2 xy
4 3  1
11. Since, x + = 5
2 2 x
3   3  4   4 
⇒  x  − 2  x   y  +  y  + 2xy Squaring on both sides,
4   4  3   3 
2
 1
9 2 16  x + x  = (5)
2
⇒ x − 2 xy + y 2 + 2 xy  
16 9
1 1
9 2 16 2 or x 2 + + 2 × x × = 25
⇒ x + y 2 x2 x
16 9 
1
7. (35.4)2 – (14.6)2 = a2 – b2 or x 2 + 2 + 2 = 25
x

= a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
1
= (35.4 + 14.6) (35.4 – 14.6) or x2 + = 25 – 2
x2
= 50 × 20.8
= 1040 2 1
or x2 + = 23 4
8. Since, a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b), therefore x2
382 – 222 = (38 – 22) (38 + 22) 12. (a) 81x2 + 16y2 – 72xy = (9x)2 + (4y)2 – 2 × 9x × 4y
= 16 × 60 = (9x – 4y)2
[ a2 + b2 – 2ab = (a – b)2]
2 2
38 − 22 16 × 60
So, =
16 16 2 3
Now, putting x = and y = , then
= 60 2 3 4
2
9. 1.05 × 9.95 = (1 + 0.05)(1 – 0.05)  2 3
= (1)2 – (0.05)2 = 9× − 4 × 
 3 4

P-92 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 = (6 – 3)2 = 32 = 9 and R.H.S = a2 + b2 + 2ab
(b) Putting a = 2 and b = 5, then = 22 + 52 + 2 × 2 × 5
L.H.S = (a + b)2 = 4 + 25 + 20 = 49
= (2 + 5)2 = 72 = 49 Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S = 49 4

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-93

CHAPTER
SECTION

10
B VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

WORKSHEET-87
Solutions ∴ Euler’s formula is verified. 3
6. Euler’s formula = F + V – E = 2
1. Yes, it is possible when the number of faces are
greater than or equal to 4. where, F = Faces, V = Vertices and E = Edges
2. (a) A prism becomes a cylinder as the number of I. Let Faces = x
sides of its base becomes more. Vertices = 6
(b) A pyramid becomes a cone as the number of sides of Edges = 12
its base becomes more. 2 Then, F + V – E = 2
3. No, a square prism is not same as a cube. Because it ⇒ x + 6 – 12 = 2
can be cuboid also. 2 x – 6 = 2
4. No, a polyhedron do not have 10 faces, 20 edges x = 8
and 15 vertices.
Faces = 8
Because by Euler’s, F + V – E = 2
II. Let vertices = x, F = 5 and E = 9
Then, substituting the values of F, E and V in L.H.S.
Then, F + V – E = 2
= 10 + 15 – 20
= 25 – 20 5 + x – 9 = 2 ⇒ x – 4 = 2
=5 x = 6
which is not equal to 2. Vertices = 6
So, it is not a polyhedron. 2 III. Let Edges = x, F = 20 and V = 12
5. (a) F = number of faces = 7 Then, F +V – E = 2
V = number of vertices = 10 20 + 12 – x = 2
E = number of edges = 15 32 – x = 2
Now, F + V – E = 7 + 10 – 15 ⇒ – x = 2 – 32
= 17 – 15 – x = – 30
=2 x = 30
 F + V – E = 2 Edges = 30 3
∴ Euler’s formula is verified. 7. (a) No, a polyhedron have not for its faces 3
triangles.
(b) F = number of faces = 9 (b) Yes, a polyhedron have for its faces 4 triangles.
V = number of vertices = 9 (c) Yes, a polyhedron have a square and four triangles.
E = number of edges = 16 3
Now, F + V – E = 9 + 9 – 16 8. Prisms are unsharpened pencil and a table weight,
= 18 – 16 because in these diagrams the number of faces are
=2 greater than 4 or equal to 4.
 F + V – E = 2 i.e. b and a 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-88
Solutions 5. (a) 1
1. (d) 1 6. This shape is entirely made of equilateral triangles.
2. (a) 1 When folded, it results in a regular octahedron. Note
3. (c) 1 that since these are all equilateral and congruent
faces, it is a regular polyhedron.2
4. (c) 1

P-94 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 7. Euler’s formula for any polyhedron is, where F stands for number of faces, V for number of
F + V – E = 2 vertices and E for number of edges. 2
8.
S. No Polyhedron F V F+V E F+V–E

(a) Tetrahedron 4 4 8 6 2

(b) Cube 6 8 14 12 2

(c) Pentagonal prism 7 10 17 15 2

 3

9.

3
Front view Top view Side view
Size drawn
10. Scale of map =
Actual size

9 cm A tetrahedron has :
= (because 9 m = 900 cm)
900 cm 4 triangular faces, i.e., F = 4
4 vertices, i.e., V = 4
1 6 edges, i.e., E = 6
=
100 Now, substituting the values of F, V and E in Euler’s
formula i.e.,
Thus, scale is 1 : 100. 3
F + V = E + 2
11. At least 4 planes can enclose a solid. Tetrahedron is We have, 4 + 4 = 6 + 2
the simple polyhedron. Following figure represent ⇒ 8 = 8, which is true.
a simplest solid, called tetrahedron. Thus, Euler’s formula is verified for a tetrahedron. 3
12. (a) 8, 12, 6, (b) (n + 1), (c) prism, (d) 30, (e) Five 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-89
Solutions would see a figure as shown here. 2

1. (b) 1
2. (c) 1
3. (a) 1
4. (d) 1
5. (c) 1
6. When the ends of a quadrilateral prism are 9. (a) 8 cubes
parallelograms, then it is called a parallelepiped. 1
7. Distance on map for an actual distance of 4 m = 1 mm (b) 6 cubes 2
1 10. Actual distance represented by 1 cm = 200 km
Distance on map for actual distance of 52 m = × 52 Actual distance represented by 6 cm = 6 × 200 km
4
= 1200 km
= 13 mm 1
So, actual distance between City A and City B is
Thus, distance on map for actual distance of 52 m is 1200 km. 2
13 mm. 1 11. If a polyhedron is having number of faces as F,
8. (a) If we look at given solid structure from the top, number of edges as E and the number of vertices as
we would see just a square. V, then the relationship
F + V = E + 2
is known as Euler’s formula.
(b)
If we look at it from a side, i.e., left or right, then we Following figure is a solid pentagonal prism.

S OLUT I ONS P-95

 It has : We have, 7 + 10 = 15 + 2
⇒ 17 = 17 2
which is true, the Euler’s formula is verified.
12. (a) Polyhedron : A solid shape bounded by polygons
is called a polyhedron. For example, cube, cuboid,
etc.
(b) For any polyhedron,
F + V – E = 2
Here, F = 12, V = ?, E = 30
Using above formula,
12 + V – 30 = 2
Number of faces (F) = 7
V – 18 = 2
Number of edges (E) = 15
V = 2 + 18
Number of vertices (V) = 10 V = 20 2
Substituting the values of F, E and V in the relation, 13. (a) False, (b) True, (c) False, (d) False, (e) True. 5
F + V = E + 2

qqq

WORKSHEET-90
Solutions ⇒ F = 14 – 8
⇒ F = 6
1. (a) 1 Thus, the required number of faces = 6. 2
2. (c) 1
11. Here :
3. (a) 1
Number of vertices (V) = 20
4. (b) 1
Number of edges (E) = 30
5. (c) 1
Let the number of faces = F
6. (1) (b), (2) (d), (3) (a), (4) (c). 2
Then using Euler’s formula, we have
7. Given, F + V – E = 2
F + V = E + 2 ...(1)
Here, F = 40 and E = 60 then
∴ Substituting the values of V and E in (1), we get
40 + V – 60 = 2
F + 20 = 30 + 2
V – 20 = 2
⇒ F + 20 = 32
V = 2 + 20
⇒ F = 32 – 20
V = 22 2
⇒ F = 12
8. 6 vertices. 2
Thus, the required number of faces = 12. 2
9. Here, Number of faces (F) = 20
12. For any polyhedron
Number of vertices (V) = 12
Here, F = 7, V = 10, E = ?
Let the number of edges be E.
Using above formula,
∴ Using Euler’s formula, we have
⇒ 7 + 10 – E = 2
F + V = E + 2
⇒ 17 – E = 2
⇒ 20 + 12 = E + 2
⇒ 17 – 2 = E
⇒ 32 = E + 2
⇒ E = 15 2
⇒ E = 32 – 2 = 30
13.  The ends (bases) of the given solid are congruent
Thus, the required number of edges = 30. 2 rectilinear figure each of six sides.
10. Number of vertices (V) = 8 ∴ It is a hexagonal prism.
Number of edges (E) = 12 In a hexagonal prism, we have
Let the number of faces be F The number of faces = 8
Now, using Euler’s formula The number of edges = 18
F +V = E + 2 The number of vertices = 12 2
we have, F + 8 = 12 + 2
⇒ F + 8 = 14

qqq

P-96 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
CHAPTER
SECTION

11
B MENSURATION

WORKSHEET-91
Solutions AD, BC breadth of rectangle = 7 cm
Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (1 + b)
1. (a) Base of parallelogram = 14 cm and altitude of
parallelogram = 7 cm = 2 (14 + 7)
D C
Area of parallelogram = Base × Altitude
= 14 × 7 = 98 cm2
D 7 cm
C

A B
14 cm
7 cm Perimeter of rectangle = 42 cm
AB side of square = 7 cm
(e) BC side of square = 7 cm
A B We know that all sides of a square are same
14 cm D C
(b) The radius of semi-circle r = 7 cm

7 cm
7 cm

A B
14 cm 7 cm

and the diameter of semi-circle = 14 cm Perimeter of square = 4 × side

1 = 4 × 7
Area of semi-circle = pr2 Perimeter of square = 28 cm 4
2
2. According to condition,
1 22 Perimeter of square field
= × × (7)2
2 7 = Perimeter of rectangular field
= 77 cm2 ⇒ 4 × side = 2(l + b)
⇒ 4 × 60 = 2(80 + b)
(c) AB side of triangle = 14 cm
BC side of triangle = 11 cm 240
⇒ = 80 + b
AC side of triangle = 9 cm 2
Altitude of triangle = 7 cm ⇒ 120 – 80 = b
C
⇒ 40 = b
\ Breadth of rectangular field b = 40 m.
Area of square field = (side)2
9 cm 7 cm 11 cm = (60)2 = 3600 m2
Area of rectangular field = l × b
= 80 × 40 = 3200 m2 4

\ Square field has larger area.
A B
14 cm 3. Side of square plot = 25 m
1 Area of square plot = (side)2
Area of ∆ = ×b×A
2 = (25)2 = 625 m2

The length of the house = 20 m
1
= × 14 × 7 The breadth of the house = 15 m
2
Area of house = l × b = 20 × 15
Area of triangle = 49 cm2 = 300 m2
(d) Write the perimeter of each shape. The area for garden = Area of square plot
(i) DC, AB length of rectangle = 14 cm
 – Area of house

S OLUT I ONS P-97

 = 625 m2 – 300 m2 22
= 325 m2 = × 3.5 × 3.5
7

The cost of 1 m2 developing the garden = ` 55
= 38.5 m2
The cost of 325 m2 developing the garden
The perimeter of each semicircular = 2pr
= 55 × 325
22
= ` 17,875 4 = 2 × × 3.5 = 22 m
7
4. Length of rectangle = 20 – (3.5 + 3.5)
= 20 – 7 = 13 m \ The area of whole garden = The area of
Breadth of rectangle = 7 m rectangular part + The area of semi-circular part
The area of rectangle = l × b = 13 × 7 = 91 m2 = 91 m2 + 38.5 m2
The perimeter of rectangular park = 2(l + b) = 129.5 m2
= 2(13 + 7) = 40 m The perimeter of whole garden = The perimeter of
rectangular part + The perimeter of semi-circular
Now, radius of each semicircle = 3.5 m
part
The area of both semicircular parts = pr2
= 40 m + 22 m = 62 m. 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-92
Solutions Circumference of semicircle = pr
22
1. The length of tiles = 24 cm = × 1.4 = 4.4 cm
7
The height (attitude) of tiles = 10 cm
Area of each tile = length × attitude Total distance covered by the ant
= 24 × 10 = 240 cm2 = 1.5 + 2.8 + 1.5 + 4.4
= 10.2 cm
1
1 cm2 = m2 (c) Diameter of semicircle = 2.8 cm
100 × 100 Radius = 1.4 cm
240 2.8 cm
240 cm2 =
100 × 100
= 0.024 m2

No. of tiles required to cover the floor
m
2c

Area of floor
2c
m

=
Area of one tile
1080 Circumference of semicircle = πr
= = 4500 tiles 22
0.024 = × 1.4 = 4.4 cm
7
2. (a) Diameter = 2.8 cm
Radius of thin piece = 1.4 cm Total distance covered by the ant
= 2 + 2 + 4.4
= 8.4 cm
Compare (a), (b) and (c), we find that, for figure
2.8 cm (b) food piece would the ant have to take a longer
Circumference of thin piece = pr round
22 = 10.2 cm 5
= × 1.4 3. The two parallel sides of trapezium
7 AB = 9 cm and DC = 7 cm
= 4.4 cm Height of the trapezium (h) = 3 cm
Total distance covered by the ant We know that
= Circumference of semicircle + Diameter 1
The area of a trapezium = h (AB + DC)
= 4.4 + 2.8 = 7.2 cm 2
(b) Diameter of semicircle = 2.8 cm 1
Radius of semicircle = 1.4 cm = × 3 (9 +7)
2
3.5 cm 3 × 16
=
2
2.8 cm The area of trapezium = 24 cm2.

P-98 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 (b) The two parallel sides of the trapezium 1
AD = 10 cm, BC = 5 cm Area of ∆ABC = × BC × AO’
2
Height of trapezium = 6 m
{Base BC = b, height = h}
1
The are of trapezium = h (AD + BC) 1 1
2 = ×b×h= bh ...(i)
2 2
1
= × 6 (10 + 5) cm2 1
2 Area of ∆ACD = × AD × OC
2
= 3 × 15 cm2 5
{Base AD = b, height = h}
The area of trapezium = 45 cm2
1
4. AD = BC = b = × b × h ...(ii)
CO = AO’ = h 2
ABCD is parallelogram divided into 2 triangles On adding eq. (i) & (ii) we get,
i.e., ∆ABC + ∆ACD 1 1
b O' Area of ∆ABC + Area of ∆ACD = bh + bh
C B 2 2
h Area of ∆ABC + Area of ∆ACD = bh ...(iii)
a We know that,
Area of parallelogram ABCD = b × h ...(iv)
D Area of parallelogram ABCD = Area of ∆ABC +
O b A
Area of ∆ACD
The area of parallelogram ABCD is also divided into
bh = bh
two parts = Area of ∆ABC + Area of ∆ACD
L.H.S. = R.H.S. 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-93
Solutions
1. (a) Given, a polygon EFGHI and FI is a diagonal of
it. To find the area, we have to divide this polygon
into triangle and trapezium. So, firstly draw
perpendicular from opposite vertical on FI i.e. from
points G, H and E to FI. Thus, we get perpendiculars
GM, HN and EP respectively on FI and polygon is
divided into 5 parts, out of which four are triangles
and one is trapezium.
H O
 1 
area of triangle 2 × base × height and 
 
area of trapezium = 1 ( sum of parallel sides) × height 
 
 2
(b) Given, polygon is MNOPQR and NQ is a diagonal
of it. Then, draw perpendiculars on diagonal QN
from vertices O, M, P and R i.e. draw OA ⊥ NQ, MB
⊥ NQ, PC ⊥ NQ and RD ⊥ NQ.
P

G B D
N Q
A C
P
F I
M N
M R

E Thus, polygon is divided into 6 parts, out of which

four are triangles and two are trapeziums.
∴ Area of polygon EFGHI = Area of ∆GMF + Area

of trapezium GMNH + Area of ∆HNI + Area of ∴ Area of polygon MNOPQR = Area of ∆OAN +
∆EPI + Area of ∆EPF Area of trapezium CPOA + Area of ∆PCQ + Area of
∆RDQ + Area of trapezium MBDR + Area of ∆MBN
1  1 
=  × FM × GM  +  (GM + HN ) × MN  + 1  1 
2  2  =  × AN × AO  +  × (OA + PC ) × AC 
2  2 
1 1  1  1  1 
× NI × HN +  × PI × EP  +  × PF × EP  +  × QC × PC  +  × QD × RD 
2 2  2  2  2 
1  1 
+  × ( DR + MB) × BD  +  × BN × BM  8
2  2 

S OLUT I ONS P-99

 2.
(a) Diagonal AC divides the quadrilateral ABCD 1
into two parts ∆ ABC and ∆ ADC Area of ∆ ADC = ×B×A
2
Then, area of quadrilateral ABCD = Area of ∆ ABC
+ Area of ∆ ADC B = AC = 7 cm
1 A = OD = 3 cm
Area of ∆ ABC = ×B×A 1
2 Area of ∆ ADC = ×7×3
2
B = AC = 6 cm
A = BO = 3 cm 21
= = 10.5 cm2
1 2
Area of ∆ ABC = × 6 × 3 = 9 cm2 ...(i)
2  Area of ∆ ABC = Area of ∆ ADC = 10.5 cm2
Area of quadrilateral = 10.5 cm2 + 10.5 cm2
1
Again, area of ∆ ADC = ×B×A Area of quadrilateral = 21 cm2
2
(c) Diagonal AC divides quadrilateral ABCD, into two
B = AC = 6 cm parts ∆ADC and ∆ABC. Area of ∆ABC = Area of
A = DO’ = 5 cm ∆ADC
1 1
Area of ∆ ADC = × 6 × 5 = 15 cm2 ...(ii) Area of ∆ ABC = ×B×A
2 2
On adding (i) & (ii), we get B = AC = 8 cm
Area of ∆ ADC + Area of ∆ ABC = 15 + 9 = 24 cm2 A = 2 cm
∴ Area of quadrilateral ABCD = 24 cm2 1
Area of ∆ ABC = × 8 × 2 = 8 cm2
(b) Diagonal AC divides quadrilateral ABCD into two 2
parts ∆ ADC and ∆ ABC Therefore, Area of quadrilateral ABCD = Area of
Diagonals bisect each other ∆ABC + Area of ∆ADC
DO = OB = 6 = 8 cm2 + 8 cm2
Then, area of quadrilateral ABCD = Area of ∆ ADC = 16 cm2 12
+ Area of ∆ ABC

qqq

WORKSHEET-94
Solutions 1 1
= × (8 – 6) × 3 = × 2 × 3 = 3 cm2
2 2
1.
Given, polygon ABCDE is divided into four parts,
so it is clear from given figure that 1
Now, area of ∆ADE = × AD × GE
Area of polygon ABCDE = Area of ∆AFB = Area of 2
trapezium FBCH + Area of ∆CHD + Area of ∆ADE
1
... (i) = × 8 × 2.5
Also, AD = 8 cm, AH = 6 cm, AG = 4 cm, AF = 3 cm, 2

BF = 2 cm, CH = 3 cm and EG = 2.5 cm = 4 × 2.5 = 10 cm2
1 1 On putting all these values is Eq. (i), we get
Now, are of ∆AFB = × AF × BF = ×3×2=
2 2 Area of polygon ABCDE = (3 + 7.5 + 3 + 10) = 23.5
3 cm 2 cm2
1 Hence, area of polygon ABCDE is 23.5 cm2. 5
Area of trapezium FBCH = × FH × (BF + CH) =
2 2.
It is clear from figure that polygon MNOPQR is
divided into six parts, out of which four are triangles
1
× 3 × (2 + 3) [Q FH = AH – AF = 6 – 3 = 3 cm] and two are trapeziums.
2
Area of polygon MNOPQR = Area of ∆MAN +
1 15 Area of trapezium ACON + Area of ∆OCP + Area
= ×3×5= = 7.5 cm2
2 2 of ∆PDQ + Area of trapezium DBRQ + Area of
∆RBM ...(i)
1 1
Area of ∆CHD = × HD × CH = × (AD – AH) 1 1
2 2 Now, area of ∆MAN = × MA × AN = ×2×
2 2
× CH [Q HD = AD – AH]
2.5 = 2.5 cm2

P-100 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 1 1
Area of trapezium ACON = (AN + OC) × AC Area of ∆RB M = × MB × BR
2 2
1 1
= (AN + OC) × (MC – MA) [Q AC = MC – MA] = × 4 × 2.5 = 5 cm2
2 2
1 1 On putting all these values in Eq. (i), we get
= (2.5 + 3) × (6 – 2) = × 5.5 × 4
2 2 Area of polygon MNOPQR = (2.5 + 11 + 4.5 + 2 +
= 5.5 × 2 = 11 cm2 6.75 + 5) cm2
1 = 31.75 cm2
Area of ∆OCP = × CP × OC Hence, area of polygon MNOPQR is 31.75 cm2. 5
2
3.
Perpendicular distance between two parallel sides
1 = 0.8 m
= (MP – MC) × OC
2 One parallel side = 1 m
1 1 Second parallel side = 1.2 m
= (9 – 6) × 3 = ×3×3
2 2 The area of table (trapezium)
[Q CP = MP – MC] 1
= × h × (sum of parallel sides)
9 2
= = 4.5 cm2
2 1
= × 0.8 × (1 + 1.2)
1 2
Area of ∆PDQ = × PD × DQ
2 = 0.4 × 2.2
1 The area of table = 0.88 m2. 5
= × (MP – MD) × DQ 4.
Height of the trapezium (h) = 4 cm
2

Length of one parallel side = 10 cm
[Q PD = MP – MD]
Second parallel side = ?
1
= × (9 – 7) × 2 = 2 cm2 The area of trapezium
2
1
1 = × h × (sum of parallel sides)
Area of trapezium DBRQ = × (DQ + BR) × BD 2
2
1
1 ⇒
34 = ×4
= × (DQ + BR) × (MD – MB) 2
2
 × (10 + second parallel side)
 [Q BD = MD – MB]
34
1 ⇒
= 10 + second parallel side
= × (2 + 2.5) × (7 – 4) 2
2
⇒
17 –10 = Second parallel side
1 13.5
= × 4.5 × 3 = = 6.75 cm2 \ Other parallel side of the trapezium = 7 cm.
5
2 2

qqq

WORKSHEET-95
Solutions AD = 40 m, BC = 48 m.
Perpendicular height between them,
1.
Sides of a trapezium are BC = 48 m, CD = 17 m and
AB = 15 m
AD = 40 m, AB = ?
Length of the fence of a trapezium shaped = 120 m Then, the area of trapezium field
Perimeter of trapezium = Length of fence of 1
= × h × (sum of parallel sides)
trapezium ABCD shaped 2
AB + BC + CD + AD = 120
1
AB + 48 + 17 + 40 = 120 = × 15 × (40 + 48)
AB + 105 = 120 2
AB = 120 – 105 1
= × 15 × 88
AB = 15 m. 2
Two parallel sides of trapezium,
= 660 m2. 5

S OLUT I ONS P-101

 2.
Quadrilateral is divided into triangle. 1
Here, h1 = 13 m, h2 = 8 m = × 45 × 30 = 675 cm2
2
and AC = 24 m
D Area of 3000 tiles = 3000 × 675
= 20,25,000 cm2
13 m 1
1 cm2 = m2
24 m 100 × 100
F C
A E 20 , 25, 000
8m 2025000 = = 202.5 m2
100 × 100
B Cost of 1 m2 polishing = ` 4
Area of quadrilateral ABCD Cost of 202.5 m2 polishing
= Area of DADC + Area of DABC = 4 × 202.5
1 1 = ` 810 5
= × b × h1 + × b × h2 6. Let the side along the road = x m
2 2
Then, side along the river = 2x m
1 1
= × 24 × 13 + × 24 × 8 Area of field = 10,500 m2
2 2
1
= 12 × 13 + 12 × 8 Then, area of trapezium = ×h
2
= 156 + 96
= 252 m2  × (sum of parallel sides)
The area of quadrilateral field = 252 m2. 5 1
3. Here, d1 = 7.5 cm, d2 = 12 cm 10500 = × 100 × (x + 2x)
2
We know that,
1 10500 = 50 × 3x
Area of rhombus = × d1 . d2 10500
2 ⇒
x = = 70 m
1 50 × 3
= × 7.5 × 12
2 \ The side along the river = 2 × 70 = 140 m. 5

= 7.5 × 6 = 45.0 cm2 5 7.
Each side of octagon surface = 5 m
\ The area of rhombus = 45 cm2. 4m
4. We have area of rhombus = base × altitude
= 5 × 4.8 11 m 5m
= 24 cm2
1
Also, Area of rhombus = × d1 . d2
2
Area of an octagon
1
24 = × 8 × d2 = 2(Area of trapezium) + Area of rectangle
2 1
24 × 2 =2× × h × (sum of parallel side) + l × b
⇒
d2 = = 6 cm 2
8
= 4 × (5 + 11) + 11 × 5
\ Area of rhombus = 24 m2 = 64 + 55
Other diagonal of rhombus = 6 cm. 5 = 119 m2
5.
Here, d1 = 45 cm, d2 = 30 cm \ Area of the octagon surface = 119 m2.
5
1
Area of one tile = × d1 . d2
2 qqq

WORKSHEET-96
Solutions Area of pentagon ABCDE
1.
According to Jyoti’s diagram = Area of trapezium AEDF
D  + Area of trapezium BCDF
1 1
= × AF × (AE + DF) + × BF × (BC + DF)
2 2
E C
1 1
= × AF × (15 + 30) + × BF × (15 + 30)
2 2
1
= × 45 (AF + BF)
A F B
2

P-102 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 1 1
= × 45 × 15 = 337.5 m2 = × 4 × (28 + 20)
2 2
According to Kavita’s diagram = 2 × 48 = 96 cm2
PN = 30 – 15 = 15 m 1
P Area of trapezium AEFB = × h
2
 × (sum of parallel sides)
D C 1
N = × 4 × (24 + 16)
2
= 2 × 40 = 80 cm2 5
A B 3. (a) l = 6 cm, b = 4 cm, h = 2 cm

Area of pentagon = Area of square ABCD Total surface area of a cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl)
 + Area of DDPC = 2 [6 × 4 + 4 × 2 + 2 × 6]
1 = 2 [24 + 8 + 12]
= 15 × 15 + × 15 × 15
2 = 2 [44]
= 225 + 112.5 Total surface area of the cuboid = 88 cm2
= 337.5 m2 (b) l = 4 cm, b = 4 cm, h = 10 cm
Total surface area of a cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl)
Another way to find area is :
F = 2 (4 × 4 + 4 × 10 + 10 × 4)
= 2 (16 + 40 + 40)
Total surface area of the cuboid = 192 cm2 5
D C
4. (a) All sides of cube are equal
l = 10 cm, b = 10, h =10 cm
The surface area of cube A = 6 × l2

= 6 × (10)2
A B
The surface area of cube A = 6 × 100 = 600 cm2
Area of pentagon = 2 × Area of DABC + Area of
DCDF
1 1
= 2 × × 15 × 15 + × 15 × 15
2 2
(A)
10 cm
= 225 + 112.5 = 337.5 m2 5
1
2.
Area of trapezium AEHD = ×h 10 cm
2
10 cm
 × (sum of parallel side)
(b) All sides of cube are equal
1 l = 8, b = 8, h = 8 cm
= × 4 × (28 + 20)
2 The lateral surface area of cube
= 2 × 48 = 96 cm2 B = 4 l2
1 = 4 × (8)2
Area of trapezium DHGC = ×h = 4 × 64
2
The lateral surface area of cube B = 256 cm2
 × (sum of parallel sides)
1
= × 4 × (24 + 16)
2
= 2 × 40 = 80 cm2 8 cm
1
Area of trapezium BFGC = ×h
2 8 cm
8 cm
 × (sum of parallel sides) 5

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-103

 WORKSHEET-97
Solutions 5. Here, l = 15 m, b = 10 m and h = 7 m
Total surface area of the room = 2 (lb + bh + hl)
1. For (a), l = 60 cm, b = 40 cm, h = 50 cm = 2 (15 × 10 + 10 × 7 + 7 × 15)
Volume of cuboidal box (a) = l × b × h = 2 (150 + 70 + 105)
= 60 × 40 × 50 = 650 m2
= 120000 cm3 But he does not paint on the floor.
1 The area of the floor = l × b
1 cm3 = m3
100 × 100 × 100 = 15 × 10 = 150 m2
1, 20 , 000 Total A rea painted by Daniel = 650 – 150 = 500 m2
120000 cm3 = m2 \ 100 m2 area painted by 1 can
100 × 100 × 100
1
= 0.12 m3 \ 500 m2 area painted by = × 500 = 5 cans. 5
For (b), side = 50 cm 100
Volume of a cubical box (b) = (side )3 6.
Similarity : Both figures have the same height
= 50 × 50 × 50 Difference : One figure is cube and other is cylinder.
= 125000 cm3 Radius of the base of the cylinder = 3.5 cm
= 0.125 m3
Lateral surface area of a cylinder = 2prh
\ cuboidal box (a) requires lesser amount of
material to make. 5 22
= 2 × × 3.5 × 7
2. Here, l = 80 cm, b = 48 cm, h = 24 cm 7
Total surface area of suitcase = 2 (lb + bh + hl) = 154 cm2
= 2(80 × 48 + 48 × 24 + 24 × 80) Now, side of the cube = 7 cm
= 2(3840 + 1152 + 1920)
Lateral surface area of the cube = 4l2
= 13824 cm2
Width of tarpaulin cloth = 96 cm = 4 (7)2
Let length of tarpaulin = x cm = 4 × 49 = 196 cm2 5
Area of tarpaulin = 96 × x cm2 Cube has larger lateral surface area.
Total surface area of one suit case 7.
Here, r = 7 m, h = 3 m
= Area of tarpaulin Total surface area of cylindrical tank = 2pr (r + h)
13824 = 96 × x 22
⇒ x = 144 cm 5 = 2 × × 7 × (7 + 3)
7
Length of tarpaulin covered by 100 suitcase
= 144 × 100 = 14400 cm = 2× 22 × 10
= 144 m = 440 m2
3. Surface area of cube = 6l2 \ Required sheet to cover the tank = 440 m2. 5
6l2 = 600 8.
Let the length of rectangular sheet = x
600 According to condition,
⇒ l2 = = 100
6 The lateral surface area of cylinder
⇒
l = 100 = Area of rectangular sheet
4224 = x × 33
= 10 cm 5
4.
Here, l = 1 m, b = 2 m, h = 1.5 m 4224
⇒ x = = 128 cm
Total surface area of cabinet = 2(lb × bh + hl) 33
= 2(1 × 2 + 2 × 1.5 + 1.5 × 1) The perimeter of rectangular sheet = 2 (l + b)
= 2(2 + 3.0 + 1.5) = 2(128 + 33)
= 13 m2
= 322 cm 5
But she does not include the bottom of cabinet
where area = l × b = 1 × 2 = 2 m2 qqq
She painted the over of cabinet = 13 – 2 = 11 m2. 5

WORKSHEET-98
Solutions Length of road roller = 1 m
1. Diameter of road roller = 84 cm The shape of road roller is cylindrical, then
84 1 revolution to move once over level the road
r = = 42 cm
2 = 1 surface area of road roller
= 0.42 m = 2prh

P-104 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 22 = 24 m2 × 0.03 m
= 2 × × 0.42 × 1
7 The volume of cuboid = 0.72 m3 5
3
= 2.64 m 2 4. (a) The volume of cube = (side)
The area of 750 revolutions to level the road by a = (4)3 {side = 4 cm}
road roller The volume of cube = 64 cm3
= 750 × 2.64 (b) The volume of cube = (side)3
= 1980 m2 5 = (1.5)3
2.
Diameter of cylinder = 14 cm The volume of cube = 3.375 m3 5
r = 7 cm 7
5. (a) Radius of the cylinder = cm
The height of the cylindrical label = 20 – 4 = 16 cm 2
Curved surface area of cylindrical label Height of the cylinder = 10 cm
= 2prh 22 7 7
∴ Volume of the cylinder = πr2h =
× × × 10
22 7 2 2
=2× × 7 × 16
7
= 385 cm2
2
= 704 cm 5 (b) Base area of cylinder = 250 m
3. (a) l = 8 cm, b = 3 cm, h = 2 cm Height of cylinder = 2 m

The volume of cuboid = l × b × h ∴ Volume of cylinder = area of base × Height
=8×3×2 = 250 × 2
The volume of cuboid = 48 cm3 = 500 m3 5
(b) Height = 3 cm = 0.03 m 6. (a) Volume
Area of rectangle part = 24 m2
(b) Surface area
The volume of cuboid = Area of rectangle part ×
(c) Volume 5
Height
qqq

WORKSHEET-99
Solutions 2.
Let the height of cuboid = h
The volume of cuboid = Area of base of a cuboid ×
1.
Volume of cylinder B is greater because it contains height
more things in comparison to A.
900 = 180 × h
For cylinders, radius = 7 cm, height = 7 cm
900
The volume of cylinder B = pr2h ⇒ h =
22 180
= × (7)2 × 7
7 ⇒ h = 5 cm 5

3 3.
Here, l = 60 cm, b = 54 cm, h = 30 cm
= 22 × 49 = 1078 cm
Volume of cuboid = 60 × 54 × 30 = 97200 cm3
The volume of cylinder B = 1078 cm3
Volume of cube = (side)3
The surface area of cylinder B = 2prh
= (6)3 = 216 cm3
22 Let x such cube contain in the cuboid
= 2 × ×7×7
7 The volume of x cube = Volume of cuboid
= 308 cm2 x × 216 = 97200
Radius of cylinder A = 3.5 cm, height = 14 cm 97200
The volume of cylinder A = pr2h x =
216
22
= × (3.5)2 × 14 = 450.
7 \ No. of cubes = 450. 5
= 539 cm2 4. Diameter of cylinder = 140 cm
The surface area of cylinder A = 2prh 140
22 Radius = = 70 cm
= 2 × × 3.5 × 14 2
7
= 0.7 m
= 308 cm2 Let the height of cylinder = h
The volume of cylinder B > The volume of cylinder A The volume of cylinder = pr2h
The surface area of cylinder B = The surface area of 22
cylinder A. 5 1.54 = (0.7)2 × h
7

S OLUT I ONS P-105

 1.54 × 7 = (2x)3
⇒ h = = 8x3
22 × 0.7 × 0.7
The volume of cube is 8 time increase, when edge is
Hence the Height of cylinder, h = 1 m. 5
doubled. 5
5.
Radius of cylinder tank = 1.5 m
Given, volume of reservoir = 108 m3
7.
Length of cylindrical tank = 7 m
Volume of water = 108 × 1000 L
The volume of cylindrical tank = pr2h
= 1,08,000 L
22
= × (1.5)2 × 7 60 litres water filled reservoir in 1 minute
7 1,08,000 litres water filled reservoir in
= 49.5 m3 1
\ 1 m3 = 1000 L 5 = × 108000
60
\ 49.5 m3 = 49500 L
= 1800 minutes
6. (a) Let the edge of cube be x
1
According to question, edge of cube is doubled = 2x 1 minute = hour
The surface area of cube when edge is doubled = 6l2 60
= 6 × (2x)2 1800
1800 min = hrs
= 6 × 4x2 60
= 4 × (6x2)
= 30 hrs
The surface area of cube increase 4 times.
Hence, 1,08,000 L water filled reservoir in 30 hrs. 5
(b) The volume of cube when edge is doubled

qqq

WORKSHEET-100
Solutions Other side =
48
= 8 m.
6
1.
(c) 1
D C
2.
(c) 1
3.
(a) 1
4.
(b) 1
6m
5.
(c) 1
6.
Given, pr12 : pr22 = 49 : 64
pr12 49 A
= B
pr22 64 8m

r12 49 Diagonal of rectangle = 82 + 62
=
r22 64 64 + 36
=
r1 7 = 10 m
⇒ =
r2
8  Lady covers 20 m in 1 minute
⇒ r1 : r2 = 7 : 8 1
Lady cover 10 m in min. or 30 sec. 5
Now, ratio of the circumference 2
= 2pr1 : 2pr2
9.
Here, l = 4.5 m, b = 3 m, h = 350 cm = 3.5 m.
= r1 : r2 = 7 : 8 2
Total surface area of room (cuboid) = 2 [lb + bh + hl]
7. 500 revolution = 1 km = 1000 m.
= 2[4.5 × 3 + 3 × 3.5 × + 3.5 × 4.5]
1000
1 revolution = = 2m = 2[13.5 + 10.5 + 15.75]
500
= 2[39.75]
\
pd = 2m
= 79.5 m2
2
d = m Required area for plastering
p
= 79.5 – (Area of base surface)
2×7 = 79.5 – 13.5
= = 0.636 m. 3
22 = 66 m2
Area of rectangular field = 48 m2
8. Cost of plastering = 66 × 8
One side = 6 m = ` 528 5

P-106 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 10.
Let the length of non-parallel side be x m = pr2 (2h)
20 m = 2pr2h
 (Double of the original)
r
x (b) h’ = 2h and r’ =
2
20 m Then volume of cylinder = pr2h
2
r
= p   × 2h
8 8
36 m
Draw perpendicular, then height of trapezium h = 2
r2
x 2 − 64 = p × × 2h
4

i.e., Area of trapezium = 168 m2
1 2
1 = pr h
⇒ (sum of parallel sides) × height = 168 m2
2
2
 (Half of the original)
1
⇒
( 36 + 20 ) × x 2 − 64 = 168 r
2 (c) r’ =
2
2
⇒
x − 64 = 6
Then Volume of cylinder = pr’2h
⇒ x2 – 64 = 36 2
r
⇒ x2 = 100 = p   h
2
⇒ x = 10 m 5
11. Volume of cylinder = pr2h 1 2
= pr h
(a) Height is doubled i.e., h’ = 2h 4
Volume of cylinder = pr2h’  (One fourth of the original) 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-101
Solutions 9. Let r = 2x and h = 3x
Volume of cylinder = 12,936 cm3
1.
(b) 1 pr2h = 12,936
2.
(d) 1 22
3.
(c) 1 × 4x2 × 3x = 12936
7
4.
(c) 1
5.
(a) 1 12936 × 7
x3 = = 343
6.
Here, d = 2.8 m 12 × 22
2.8 x = 3 343 = 7
⇒ r = = 1.4 m
2 \ r = 14 cm, h = 21 cm
and h = 7 m. Surface area of cylinder = 2prh
\ Volume of well (cylinder) = pr2h 22
22 = 2 × × 14 × 21
= × 1.4 × 1.4 × 7 7
7
= 1,848 cm2 5
= 43.12 m3 3 10.
Let ABCD be the trapezium such that AB = 40 cm
7. Volume of cube = a3 and CD = 20 cm and AD = BC = 26 cm.
Let edge of new cube = 3a
Then, 40 cm
A L M B
Volume of new cube = (3a)3
= 27 a3
= 27 times the original volume 3
8. Volume of water tank = (4.2 × 3 × 1.8) m3 26 cm 26 cm
= 22.68 m3
Since, 1 m3 = 1000 L
\ 22.68 m3 = 22.68 × 1000 D 20 cm C  ½
= 22,680 litres 3

S OLUT I ONS P-107

 Now, draw CL || AD = 30 × 24 = 720 cm2 5
Then, ALCD is a parallelogram 11. (a) Let the depth of the cylindrical tank = h
So, AL = CD = 20 cm and CL = AD = 26cm. ½ and Radius of its base (r) = 8 m
In DCLB, we have
Then, the capacity of the tank = Volume of the tank
CL = CB = 26 cm
Therefore, DCLB is an isosceles triangle. ½ = πr2h
Draw altitude CM of DCLB. ½ 22
Since, DCLB is an isosceles triangle. = × 8 × 8h
7
So, CM is also the median.
22
1 1 Thus, × 8 × 8 × h = 5632
Then, LM = MB = BL = × 20 cm = 10 cm 7
2 2
5632 × 7
[as BL = AB – AL = (40 – 20) cm = 20 cm]. or h =
22 × 8 × 8
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ∆CLM,
or h = 28 m
we have, CL2 = CM2 + LW2
Hence, the depth of the cylindrical tank = 28 m
262 = CM2 + 102
(b) Since side of square = 14 cm
CM2 = 262 – 102
Then, diameter of semi circle = 14 cm
= (26 – 10) (26 + 10) 14
= 16 × 36 = 576 Therefore, radius of semi circle (r) =
2
CM = 576 = 24 cm = 7 cm
Hence, the area of the trapezium 1
Thus, Area of semi circle = × πr 2
1 2
= ×(sum of parallel sides)
2 1 22
= × × 72
 × Height 2 7
1 11
= (20 + 40) × 24 = × 7 × 7
2 7
= 77 cm2 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-102
Solutions =
1
× 36 × 24
2
1.
(d) 1
2.
(c) 1 = 432 m2 5
3.
(c) 1 9.
Given, 2prh : 2pr(r +h) = 1 : 2
4.
(a) 1 2 πrh 1
⇒ = 
5.
(c) 1 2 πr( r + h )
2
6.
Side of cube = 0.5 cm
h 1
Volume = (0.5)3 = 0.125 cm3 5 ⇒ =
8 r+h 2
No. of cubes = = 64 cubes
0.125 ⇒ 2h = r + h

3 ⇒
h = r
7.
Volume of box = 13400 cm
Area of base = 670 cm2 h 1
⇒
= 
Volume r 1
Height of box = of Base
Area ⇒ h : r = 1 : 1 5
3
13400 10. Volume of water = 160 m
=
670 Area of rectangular field = 800 m2
= 20 cm 5 Let h be the height of water level in the field.
8.
 Shaded area is triangular Now, volume of water = volume of cuboid formed
1 on the field by water.
So, area of triangle = × base × height
2 160 = Area of base × height

P-108 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 160 = 800 × h 1 1 1 1
= × 4 × 5 + (5 + 6) × 8 + ×6×6+
160 2 2 2 2
h = = 0.2 m 5
800 1 1
×8×5+ (5 + 4) × 6 + ×4×4
So, required height = 0.2 m.  2 2
E
11. = 10 + 44 + 18 + 20 + 27 + 8 = 127 cm2 5
3
12. (a)  Volume of the reservoir = 108 m
1 m 3 = 1000 litres
\ Capacity of the reservoir = 108 × 1000 litres
F
6 cm = 1,08,000 litres
5 cm
Q Amount of water poured in 1 minute = 60 litres
N
A
M P
D \ Amount of water to be poured in 1 hour
4 cm
5 cm
C = 60 × 60 litres
Thus, number of hours required to fill the reservoir
B
1, 08 , 000
In the figure, = = 30 hrs
60 × 60
MP = AP – AM = (12 – 4) cm = 8 m
PD = AD – AP = (18 – 12) cm = 6 cm \ The required number of hours = 30
NQ = AQ – AN = (l4 – 8) cm = 6 cm (b) Let the radius of cylindrical tank (r) = 7 cm and
QD = AD – AQ = (18 – 14) cm = 4 cm height (h) = 10 m
Area of the polygon ABCDEF Then, the capacity of the tank i.e.,
= area of DAFM + area of trapezium FMPE + area Volume of the tank = πr2h
of DEPD + area of DANB + area of trapezium NBCQ 22
+ area of DQCD. = × 72 × 10
7
1 1 1
= AM × FM × (FM + EP) × MP + PD 22
2 2 2 = × 7 × 7 × 10 m3
7
1 1
× EP + × AN × NB + (NB + CQ) × NQ = 22 × 7 × 10 m3
 2 2
1 = 1540 m3 5
 + QD × CQ
2

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-109

CHAPTER
SECTION

12
B EXPONENTS AND POWERS

WORKSHEET-103
Solutions 1 38
= 3( 2 + 6 ) × 5
= = 3(8 – 5)
1. (a) 1025.63 = 1 × 1000 + 0 × 100 + 2 × 10 + 5 × 1 3 35
6 3 = (3)3 = 33 3
+ + 1 1 1 1
10 100 5. (a) 3–2 = 2 = × =
3 3 3 9
= 1 × 103 + 0 + 2 × 10 + 5 × 1 + 6 × 10–1 + 3 × 10–2
= 1 × 103 + 2 × 10 + 5 × 1 + 6 × 10–1 + 3 × 10–2 1 1 1
(b) (– 4)–2 = = =
(b) 1256.249 = 1 × 1000 + 2 × 100 + 5 × 10 + 6 × 1 ( −4 )2 −4 × −4 16
2 4 9 −5
(1)−5
+ + + 1 25
10 100 1000 (c) 2 = −5 = = 32 3
  (2) 15
= 1 × 103 + 2 × 102 + 5 × 10 + 6 + 2 × 10–1 + 4 ×
10–2 × 9 × 10–3  1
2 6. (a) (30 + 4– 1) × 22 =  1 +  × 4
 4 
8 −1 × 53 1 × 53 53 × 2 4
2. (a) −4
= −4
= 5
2 8×2 8 = ×4 = 5
4
5×5×5×2×2×2×2
= 1 1 1
8 (b) (2–1 × 4–1) ÷ 2–2 =  ×  × −2
= 250 2 4 2
1 1 1 1 2 1 1
(5–1 × 2–1) × 6–1 =  ×  ×
(b) = ×2 = ×4 =
5 2 6 8 8 2
−2 −2 −2
1 1 1 1 1 1
= × = 2 (c)   +   +   = (2)2 + (3)2 + (4)2

10 6 60 2 3 4
= 4 + 9 + 16
3. 5m ÷ 5– 3 = 55
= 29
1
⇒
5m × −3 = 55 1 1 1
0
5 (d) (3–1 + 4–1 + 5–1)0 =  + + 
3 4 5
⇒ 5m × 53 = 55
= 1 {(a)0 = 1}
⇒ 5m + 3 = 55 2 2
On both sides, power have the same base, so their  −2 −2   3 2 
exponents must be equal. (e)    =  −  
 3    2  
Q m + 3 = 5
2
m = 2 2 9 81
=   = 4
1 1 1 4 16
4. (a) (–2)–3 × (–2)–4 = × =
( −2 )3 ( −2 )4 ( −2 )3 + 4 7. (a) 24 is the multiplicative inverse of 2–4 because,
1 1 24 × 2–4 = 2 4 ×
1 =1
= = = (–2)–7
3+4
( −2 ) ( −2 ) 7 24
(b) 105 is multiplicative inverse of 10–5 because,
3 1 ( p )3
(b) 3
p ×p –10
= p × = 1
p10 ( p )10 10–5 × 105 = 10 −5 × −5 = 1
10
( 3 −10 )  a
m
m−n 
(c) 72 is the multiplicative inverse of 7–2 because
= p  n = a  1
a  72 × 2 = 1
7
= p–7
(d) 53 is the multiplicative inverse of 5–3 because,
1 1
(c) 32 × 3–5 × 36 = 32 × × 36 = 3 2 × 36 × 1
35 35 5–3 × 53 = 3 × 53 = 1
5

P-110 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 (e) 10100 is the multiplicative inverse of 10–100 1
1 = (–1)4 × (3)4 × (5)4 ×
because, 10–100 × 10100 = 10–100 × = 1 34
-100
10 = (5)4
5
3−7
(d) (3–7 ÷ 3– 10) × 3–5 = × 3−5
5 8 ( −4 )5 1 3−10
8. (a) (– 4) ÷ (–4) = =
( −4 )8 ( −4 )8 × ( −4 )−5 = 3–7 × 3–5 × 310
1 1 = 3– 7 – 5 + 10 = 3– 12 + 10
= 8 −5 = 3
( −4 ) ( −4 ) 1

= 3–2 =
2
(1)2 1 ( 3) 2
 1 
(b)  3  = ( 2 3 )2 = 2 6
2  (e) 2–3 × (– 7)–3 = {2 × (– 7)}–3
= (– 14)– 3
 |Q (am)n = amn| 1
4 = 5
5 ( 5)4 ( −14 )3
(c) ( −3)4 ×   = ( −3)4 ×
3 34

qqq

WORKSHEET-104
Solutions 3. (a) 0.000000564 =
000000564
1000000000
−1
 1 −1  1 −1  = 564 × 10–9
1. (a)   −    = (3 – 4)–1
3  4   564
 = × 10 −7 = 5.64 × 10–7
100
= (– 1)–1 = – 1
−7 −4 7 4 0000021 21 × 10 −6
5 8 8 5 87 5 4 (b) 0.0000021 = =
(b) 8 ×  =   ×   = 7 × 4 10000000 10
  5 5 8 5 8
= 2.1 × 10–6
87 × 8 −4 87 − 4 (c) 21600000 = 216 × 105 = 2.16 × 107
= =
57 × 5 −4 57 − 4 (d) 15240000 = 1524 × 10000 = 1524 × 104

83 512 = 1.524 × 107 4
= = 4
53 125 4. (a) 0.0000000000085 = 8.5 × 10–12
(b) 0.00000000000942 = 9.42 × 10–12
25 × t −4 (5)2 × 53 × t −4 × t 8
2. (a) −3 −8
= (c) 6020000000000000 = 6.02 × 1015
5 × 10 × t 10
(d) 0.00000000837 = 8.37 × 10–9
55 × t 8 − 4 54 × t4 (e) 31860000000 = 3.186 × 1010 5
= =
2×5 2 3 . 02
5. (a) 3.02 × 10–6 = = 0.00000302
625t 4 1000000
=
2 (b) 4.5 × 104 = 4.5 × 10000 = 45000
3−5 + 10 −5 × 125 57 × 6 5 × ( 5 × 5 × 5) 3
(b) = (c) 3 × 10–8 = = 0.00000003
5 −7
×6 −5
35 × 105 100000000

5 7 × ( 2 × 3) 5 × 5 3 (d) 1.0001 × 109 = 1.0001 × 1000000000
= = 1000100000
3 5 × ( 2 × 5 )5
(e) 3.61492 × 106 = 3.61492 × 100000
5 7 × 2 5 × 35 × 5 3 = 3614920 5
=
35 × 2 5 × 5 5 1
6. (a) 1 micron = = 1 × 10– 6 m.
= (5 × 53 × 5– 5) × (25 × 2– 5)
7
1000000
 × (35 × 3– 5)
7+3–5 5–5 (b) Size of a bacteria = 0.00000000000000000016
= 5 ×2 × 35 – 5
10 – 5 0 0 = 1.6 × 10–19 coulomb.
= 5 ×2 ×3
(c) Size of a bacteria = 0.0000005 m = 5 × 10–7 m.
= 55 4

S OLUT I ONS P-111

 (d) Size of a plant cell = 0.00001275 m = 1.275 × 10–5 m. Thickness of 5 paper sheets = 0.016 × 5
(e) Thickness of a thick paper = 0.07 = 7 × 10–2 mm. 5 = 0.080 mm
7. Thickness of one book = 20 mm \ Total thickness of stack = (100 + 0.080) mm
\ Thickness of 5 books = 20 × 5 = 100 mm = 100.080 mm
Thickness of one paper sheet = 0.016 mm = 1.0008 × 102 mm. 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-105
Solutions =
1 1
√
49 90
1. (a) 1
2. (d) 1 90
= 2
3. (c) 1 49
5678 5.678 49
4. 0.000005678 = = × 10 3 2 Multiplicative inverse of (–7)–2 ÷ (90)–1 is .
1000000000 10 9 90
= 5.678 × 10–6 3
5. 2.3 × 10–10 = 23 × 10–1 × 10–10   −2 −2   1 −4 −1 1
  × ×3 ×
= 23 × 10–11 10. (a)   3    3  6
 
23
= 3
100000000000   3 2  4 1 1
=   2   ( ) 3 6
 −  × 3 × ×
= 0.0000000023 2
1 1 1  
6. 16–2 = = =
(16 )2 ( 2 4 )2 2 8 9
3
1 1

=   × 81 × ×
[Q(am)n = amn] 4 3 6
= 2–8 2 729 1 1
= × 81 × ×
−2 −2 −2 1 1 1 64 3 6
7.  1  1
+ 
1
+  = 2
+ 2
+ 2
4 1 1 1
  2 3
4 2 3 243 × 27 ( 3)5 × ( 3)3 38
      = = = 7
128 27 2
1 1 1
+ + =
1 1 1 49 × z −3
(b) ( z ≠ 0)
−3
16 4 9 7 × 10 × z −5
= 16 + 4 + 9
7 2 × 7 3 × z −3 × z 5
= 29 2 =
10
( −2 )3 × ( −2 )7 ( −2 )3 + 7
8. 6 = 7 2 +3 × z 5−3 7 5 × z 2
3×4 3 × ( 2 2 )6 = = 2

m n m+n
10 10
{a × a = a }
10 11. Let the required number be x.
= ( −2 ) {(am)n = am× n}
12 −3 −2
3 × 2  −3   4 
Then,  2  ÷x =  
210 −12 27
10
= ( −2 ) =    
3 × 212 3 3 2
 2   27 
{a ÷ a = a , (–2)10 = 210}
m n m–n  −3  ÷ x =  4 
   
2 −2 1 1
= = = 2 2
3 3 × 2 2 12 8 1  27 
× =  
−27 x  4 
1 1
9. (–7)–2 ÷ (90)–1 = ÷ 2
( −7 )2 90 1  27  8
=   ÷
x 8 -27 

P-112 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 3
1 −1 × ( 27 ) × ( 27 )2  4 
= x = −2 ×   3
x 2 × ( 4 ) × ( 4 )2  27  

1 −( 27 )3 12. (a) 1.234 × 107 (b) 3410000 (c) 6–2
= 1
x 2( 4 )3 (d) 6 (e) 10–5 5
2

qqq

WORKSHEET-106
n+6
Solutions 2 = 215
n + 6 = 15
1. (b) 1
n = 9 3
2. (b) 1
( 3−2 )2 × ( 5 2 )−3 × (t −3 )2
3. (d) 1 10. −2 5 3 −2 −4 3
4. 39,00,00,000 = 3.9 × 108 2 ( 3 ) × ( 5 ) × (t )
2.93 × 10 2 ( 3 )− 4 × ( 5 )− 6 × ( t )− 6
293 =
5. = ( 3)−10 × ( 5)− 6 × (t )−12
1000000 10 6
= 2.93 × 10–4 2 = (3)– 4 × (3)10 × (5)– 6 × (5)6 × (t)– 6 × (t)12
= (3)6 × (5)– 6 + 6 × t– 6 + 12
6. (5–1 × 2–1) × 6–1 = (5 × 2)–1 × 6–1
= (3)6 × (5)0 × (t)6
= (10)–1 × 6–1
= 729 t6 3
= (10 × 6)–1 1673
11. (a)
1 1000000000000000000000000000
= (60)–1 = 2
60
1.673 × 10 3
−2 −14 8x =
5 5 5 10 27
7. 3 ×  =  
  3 3 = 1.673 × 10–24 gm
5
−2 + ( −14 )
5
8x
(b) 0.000000022 = 2.2 × 10–8 cm 4
3 =   ∴ am × a n = a m + n
  3 12. (a) True, (b) False, (c) False, (d) True, (e) True. 5
−1 −1
5
−2 −14 8x  2 
−2
 1 −2 
5   − 1   
3 =   13. (a) =   
  3   2     4  
   

−16 8x
5 5 −1
3 =    4  2   1 −a 
  3 =    Q a = x 
 1    x 
–16 = 8x
x = –2 3 = [16]– 1
1
1.5 × 10 = 0.6 × 1010 6 = .
8. 16
2.5 × 10 −4
(b)
Distance between planet A and earth
= 6 × 10–1 × 1010
= 9.35 × 106 km
= 6 × 109 3
n 6
= 0.935 × 107 km
9. 2 × 2 = 218
Distance between planet B and earth
2 −3 = 6.27 × 107 km
2n × 26 = 218 × 2–3 By changing both distances in the same exponent
2n + 6 = 218 – 3 We can say planet A is nearer to earth.5

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-113

 WORKSHEET-107
2x +6 3 x+2
Solutions 2 2 2
10. (a) 5 ×  =  
1. (d) 1   5 5
2x +6+3 x+2
2. (b) 1 2 2
3. (b) 1 5 =  
 
4. (–2)3 × (+4)2 = (–8) × (16) 5 
2x +9 x+2
= – 128 2 2 2
5 =  
 25  5
   
5. (25 ÷ 28) × 2–7 =  2 8  × 2–7
  2x + 9 = x + 2
= (2 ) × 2 = 2 –3 –7 –10
2 2x – x = 2 – 9
1 x = – 7
6. 3–5 × 3–4 = 3–9 = 9 2 (b) 2x + 2x + 2x = 192
3
2x(1 + 1 + 1) = 192
7. (–5)x + 1 × (–5)5 = (–5)7
192
(–5)x + 1 + 5 = (–5)7 [am × an = am + n] 2x =
3
(–5)x + 6 = (–5)7
On both sides, powers have the same base, so their 2x = 64
exponents must be equal. 2x = (2)6

Therefore, x + 6 = 7 x = 6 3
x = 7 – 6 = 1 4
 4   13   7 
2 3

x = 1 2 11. (a)   ×   ×  
 13   7   4 
52 x+1
8. Since, = 125 4×4×4×4 13 × 13 7 × 7 × 7
25 = × ×
13 × 13 × 13 × 13 7 × 7 4 × 4 × 4 
52 x+1
Then = 53 4×7 28
52 = =
13 × 13 169 
or 52x + 1 × 5–2 = 53
−2 2 2 2
 1 −n  4 3 3 3
or 52x + 1 – 2 = 53 Q x n = x  (b) 3 −   =   −   = 0 3
    4 4 4
[Q x m × x n = x m + n ] 12. (a) Since,
or 52x – 1 = 53 4 −7 2 x −1
Comparing powers 4 4 4
 9  × 9  =  
2x – 1 = 3     9

or 2x = 3 + 1 4 + ( −7 ) 2 x −1
4 4
or 2x = 4 or 9 =  
4   9
or x = = 2
−3 2 x −1
2 4 4
Hence, x = 2 3 or 9 =  
  9

9. Let, the number be x
By comparing with powers then,
According to problem,
−1 −1
– 3 = 2x – 1
 1  −5  or 2x = – 3 + 1
x×  =  
 2
 4  or 2x = – 2
2 4 2
or x× = 1 or x = − = – 1
1 −5 2
−4 Hence, x = – 1
or 2x =
0 0 0
5  3   125   10 
(b) Since,   +   + 
−4 1 −2  5   129   7 
or x = × =
5 2 5 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3,
2 [Q x0 = 1] 4
Hence, required number = −  3
5

qqq

P-114 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
CHAPTER
SECTION

13
B DIRECT AND INVERSE PROPORTIONS

WORKSHEET-108
Solutions  108 
= 1000   − 1000
1.  100 
= 1,080 – 1,000
(a) x 20 17 14 11 8 5 2
= ` 80
y 40 34 28 22 16 10 4
Case II : t = 2 years
As the value of x increases, values of y also increase p×r×t 1000 × 8 × 2
x Simple Interest = =
in such a way that the ratio does not change i.e., 100 100
y
= ` 160
x1 x x
= 2 = 3 = .........k  r 
t
y1 y2 y3 Compound Interest = p  1 + −p
 100 
where, k is a constant.
2
20 1 17 1 14 1 11 1 8 1 5 1  8 
as = = ; =; =
; =
; =
; ; = 1000  1 + − 1000
40 2 34 2 28 2 22 2 16 2 10 2  100 
2 1 2
=  100 + 8 
4 2
= 1000   − 1000
 100 
1
Then, k = , which is constant  108 × 108 
2 = 1000   − 1000
So, we say that x and y are in direct proportion if  100 × 100 
x 108 × 108
=k = − 1, 000
y 10
= 1166.40 – 1000
(b) x 6 10 14 18 22 26 30
= ` 166.40
y 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Case III : t = 3 years,
As the values of x increase, values of y does not
p×r×t 1000 × 8 × 3
increase in such a way. So x and y are not in direct Simple interest = =
proportionate. 100 100

(c) x 5 8 12 15 18 20 = ` 240
t
y 15 24 36 60 72 100  r 
Compound interest = p  1 +  −p
As the values of x increase, values of y increase. But  100 
the ratio does not constant. 3
5 1 8 1 12 1 15 1 18 1 20 1  8 
= 1000  1 + − 1000
= = ; =; =; =
15 3 24 3 36 3 60 4 72 4 100 100
; =;  100 

3
So, x and y are not indirect proportionate. 5  108 
2. Principal = ` 1000 = 1000   − 1000
 100 
Rate = 8%
Case I : t = 1 year 1000
= (1259712 ) − 1000
p×r×t 1000 × 1 × 8 1000000
Simple Interest = =
100 100 = 1259.71 – 1000
= ` 80 = ` 259.71
t
 r  The table is :
Compound Interest = p  1 + −p
 100  Time period 1 year 2 year 3 years
8  S.I. 80 160 240
= 1000  1 + − 1000
 100  C.I. 80 166.40 259.71 5

S OLUT I ONS P-115

 3. The parking time increases, the parking charges 4 7
when also increase. But the ratio of parking time to ⇒ =
32 y3
parking charges are not constant as
4 1 8 2 12 3 16 2 7 × 32
= , = , = , = ⇒ y3 = = 56
4
60 15 100 25 140 35 180 45
So, they are not constant. (c) Here, x3 = 7, y3 = 56 and x4 = 12, y4 = ?
x3 x4
Therefore, the parking charges are not in direct =
proportional to the parking time. 5 y3 y4

4. As the part of red pigment increases, part of base 7 12
also increases in the same ratio. It is a case of direct ⇒ =
56 y 4
proportion, we make use of the relation of the type
x1 x x 12 × 56
= 2 = 3 ... ⇒ y4 =
y1 y2 y3 7
⇒ y4 = 96
(a) Here, x1 = 1, y1 = 8 and x2 = 4
(d) Here, x4 =12, y4 = 96 and x5 = –20, y5 = ?
x1 x
Therefore, = 2 12 20
y1 y2 =
96 y5

1 4
= 20 × 96
8 y 2 ⇒ y 5 =
12
⇒ y2 = 4 × 8 = 32
⇒
y5 = 160
(b) Here, x2 = 4, y2 = 32 and x3 = 7
x2 x The table is
= 3
y2 y3 Part of red pigment 1 4 7 12 20

Part of Base 8 32 56 96 160 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-109
Solutions 20 , 000 × 5
⇒ x =
50 , 000
1. Let x bottles be filled in five hours.
= 2 cm
Hours 6 5
Thus, enlarged length is 2 cm
Bottles 840 x
length
6 5 and, actual length of the bacteria =
= enlarged time
840 x
5
5 × 840 = = 10–4 cm 5
⇒ x = 50 , 000
6
3. Let the length of the model ship be x.
⇒ x = 700 length of model height of model
Thus, machine fills 700 bottles of cold drink in five ∴ =
length of ship height of ship
hours. 5
x 9
2. Let a photograph of a bacteria enlarged x times and ⇒ =
length be y cm. As a bacteria enlarged increases, the 28 12
length also increases in the same ratio, It is a case of 9 × 28
x x ⇒ x =
direct proportion. i.e., 1 = 2 12
y1 y2 ⇒ x = 21 cm 5
4. (i) Let, sugar crystals are there in 5 kg of sugar be x.
x (times) 20,000 50,000
2 5
y (cm) x 5 6
=
9 × 10 x
20 , 000 50 , 000 5 × 9 × 10 6
We have, = = x = = 22.5 × 106
x 5 2

P-116 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 x = 2.25 × 107 crystals 5.60 10.50
(ii) Let there are y sugar crystals in 1.2 kg of sugar ∴
=
3.20 x
2 1.2
∴ = 10.50 × 3.20
9 × 10 6 y ⇒
x =
5.60
1.2 × 9 × 10 6
⇒
y = ⇒
x = 6 m
2
6 (b) Let the height of a pole be y m.
⇒ y = 5.4 × 10 crystals 5
5. Let Rashmi covered x cm distance on map. Height (m) 5.60 m y
Distance (On map) x 1 Length (m) 3.20 m 5
Distance (On road) 72 18 5.60 y
=
3.20 5
x 1
∴ =
72 18 5.60 × 5
⇒
y = = 8.75 m
72 3.20
⇒ x = = 4 cm.
18 or y = 8 m 75 cm 5
Rashmi covered 4 cm distance on the map. 5 7. Let it can travel x km in 5 hours.
6. (a) Let the length of the shadow be x m.  1 hour = 60 min.
Height 5 m 60 cm 10 m 50 cm ∴
5 hours = 300 min.
Length 3 m 20 cm x 14 x
=
5 m 60 cm = 5.60 m 25 300

3 m 20 cm = 3.20 m
300 × 14
10 m 50 cm = 10.50 m ⇒ x = = 168 km
25
Thus, loaded truck travels 168 km in 5 hours. 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-110
Solutions (b) The time taken for a fixed journey and the speed of
the vehicle.
1. (a) The value of x decreases and the value of y
(c) The population of a country and the area of land
increases.
per person. 5
The product of the corresponding values in
constant then it is inverse porportion. But according 3. Suppose the prize for each winner be ` x. As
to question, number of winners increase, prize for each winner
50 × 40 ≠ 5 × 6 then it is not inverse proportion. decreases. So, this is a case of inverse proportion
Thus, x and y are not in inverse proportion. Hence,
(b) The value of x increases, the value of y decreases. (a) 2 × 50,000 = 4 × x1
The product of the corresponding values of x and y
is constant i.e., 100 × 60 = 200 × 30 = 6000 100000
⇒ x1 = = 25,000
Hence, x and y are in inverse proportion. 4

(c) The value of x decreases, the value of y increases.
100000
The product of the corresponding values of x and y (b) x2 = = 20,000
is constant i.e., 90 × 10 = 15 × 60 = 900. 5
Hence, the value of x = 90, 60 and 45, the value of y 100000
= 10, 15 and 20 are in inverse proportion. (c) x3 = = 12,500
8
i.e., 90 × 10 = 15 × 60 = 20 × 45 = 900.
But the value of x = 30, 20 and 5, the value of y = 25, 100000
30, 35 are not in inverse proportion, because 30 × 25 (d) x4 = = 10,000
10
≠ 30 × 20 ≠ 35 × 5 ≠ constant. 2
2. The inverse proportion are : 100000
(e) x5 = = 5,000
(a) The number of workers on a job and the time to 20
complete the job.

S OLUT I ONS P-117

 Number of Prize for each The number of spokes and the angles formed
winners winner (in ` ) between the pairs of consecutive spokes in
inverse proportion. Because the product of
1 1,00,000 the corresponding values of two qualities is
2 50,000 constant.
4 25,000 i.e. 4 × 90° = 6 × 60° = 8 × 45° = 10 × 36° = 12
× 30° = 360°
5 20,000
(b)
Let the angle be x . The following table
8 12,500
No. of spokes 12 15
10 10,000
Angle 30° x
20 5,000 5
As number of spokes increase , the angle decreases
4. (a) Suppose number of spokes be x and angle
between a pair of consecutive spokes be y. it is the case of inverse proportion.
i.e. x1y1 = x2y2
x 4 6 8 10 12
12 × 30° = 15 × x
y 90 60 y1 y2 y3
As the number of spokes increase, angle between a 12 × 30 o
⇒
x = = 24°
pair of consecutive spokes decreases. Hence, it is a 15
case of inverse proportion.
i.e., x1 y1 = x2 y2 Thus, angle is 24°.
(i) x1 = 6, x2 = 8, y1 = 60, y2 = ? (c) Let the spokes be x, if the angle between a pair of
6 × 60° = 8y1 consecutive spokes is 40°.
360 o We have the following table.
⇒ y1 = = 45°
8
No. of spokes 4 6 8 x 10 12
(ii)
8 × 45° = 10 × y2
Angle 90° 60° 45° 40° 36° 30°
360 o
⇒ y2 = = 36° As no. of spokes increases the angle decreases.
10
Hence, it is the case of inverse proportion
(iii) 10 × 36° = 12 × y3
360 o We have, 8 × 45° = x × 40
⇒ y3 = = 30°
12 8 × 45
⇒ x =
The table is 40 o

x 4 6 8 10 12 ⇒
x = 9
y 90° 60° 45° 36° 30° Hence, the number of spokes are 9. 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-111
Solutions 2. Let the number of days be x.
Total number of animals = 20 + 10 = 30
1. Total no. of children = 24
Days 6 x
But they reduced by 4, now the number of children
= 20 Animals 20 30
We have the following table. This is the case of inverse proportion.
So, 6 × 20 = x × 30
No. of Children 24 20
6 × 20
Sweets 5 x ⇒ x = =4
30
As no. of children decreases, sweets be increase Hence, the food will last for 4 days. 5
there, this is a case of inverse proportion 3. Let time taken to complete the job be x days.
We have, 24 × 5 = 20 × x We have the following table :
24 × 5
⇒ x = =6 Days 4 x
20
No. of persons 3 4
Hence, each child will get 6 sweets. 5

P-118 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 As no. of person increases, no. of days decreases. So, x × 80 = 2 × 60
Hence, this is a case of inverse proportion. 2 × 60 3
⇒
x = = hrs.
So 4 × 3 = x × 4 80 2
4×3
⇒ x = =3 1
4 =1 hrs.
2
Thus 4 persons take 3 days to complete the job. 5
1
4. Let the boxes be x, when the same batch is packed
Thus A car takes 1 hours to reach the destination.
2
using 20 bottles.
We have the following tables 7. (a) Let the job takes x days.
No. of boxes x 25 No. of persons 2 1
No. of bottles 20 12 Days 3 x
This is the case of inverse proportion. More the days, the lesser the persons. Hence, this is
x × 20 = 25 × 12 a case of inverse proportion
So, 2 × 3 = 1 × x
25 × 12
⇒ x = ⇒ x = 6
20 Thus, the job would take 6 days.
= 15 (b) Let x persons need to fit the windows in one day
Thus, 15 boxes would be filled, when the same No. of persons 2 x
batch is packed using 20 bottles. 5
Days 3 1
5. Let the number of machines be x.
This is case of inverse proportion
Machine 42 x ∴ 2 × 3 = x × 1
Days 63 54 ⇒ x = 6
As machines increase days decrease. Hence, this is a Thus, 6 persons would be needed. 5
case of inverse proportion. 8. Let the time be x minutes for each period.
So, x × 54 = 42 × 63
Period 8 9
42 × 63
⇒
x = = 49 Time (in min) 45 x
54
Obviously, the period increase, the time decreases
Thus, 49 machines would be required. 5 Hence, this is the case of inverse proportion.
6. Let car takes x hours. ∴ 8 × 45 = 9 × x
Time (in hours) 2 x 8 × 45
⇒ x = = 40
Speed (in km/h) 60 80 9

If the speed of car increases, then the time taken to Thus, a school has 9 periods a day each of 40
reach a destination will decrease. Hence, it is a case minutes. 5
of inverse proportion.

qqq

WORKSHEET-112
Solutions 7. Let the required distance be x km. Then, we have

1.
(d) 1 Quantity of petrol (in litres) 36 25
2.
(d) 1 Distance (in km) 432 x
Clearly, less is the quantity of petrol consumed, less
3.
(c) 1
is the distance covered.
4.
(a) 1
So, it is a case of direct proportion
5.
(c) 1 36 25 1 25
∴ = ⇒ = x = 12 × 25 = 300 km
6. Clearly, 432 x 12 x
x 3 5 7 9 12 1 ∴ Required distance is 300 km. 3
= = = = = = (Constant) 1
y 6 10 14 18 24 2 8. As the number of boxes increases, the space required

to keep them also increases.
∴ x, y are directly proportionate. 1

S OLUT I ONS P-119

 So, this is a case of direct proportion. b2 = 37.5 m
Number of boxes 2 200 So, the width of the pool is 37.5 m. 5
Space occupied 500 x 11. Let the distance travelled by a taxi = x km, then
(in cubic centimetres) Fare (in Rupees) 260 279.50
2 200
∴ = Distance (in km) 200 x
500 x Clearly, the taxi will travel more for money, then by
2x = 500 × 200 direct variation.
500 × 200 260 200
x = =
2 279.50 x
200 × 279.50
x = 50,000 c.cm. 3 ⇒
x =
260
Thus, the required space is 50,000 cubic centimetres.
9. More the persons, the sooner would the provision ⇒ x = 215 km 5
be exhausted. So, this is a case of inverse proportion. Hence, the taxi will travel = 215 km
Let the required number of days be x. 1 12. (a) Let the number of men be x
Hence, 300 × 42 = (300 + 50) × x Number of men 56 x
300 × 42 = 350 × x
Number of days 42 14
300 × 42
= x Here, more the number of men and less the number
350
of days, then
x = 36 days 5 56 14
10. Here, a volleyball court and a swimming pool both =
x 42
are in rectangular shape and their dimensions are
directly proportional. Let l and b are length and or 14 × x = 42 × 56
breadth, respectively. 42 × 56
or x =
If l = b 14
l1 l or x = 168
⇒ = 2
b1 b2 Hence, number of men = 168.

Here, l1 = 18 m, b1 = 9 m, l2 = 75 m, b2 = ? (b) According to the problem,
18 75 10 × 6 = 15 × y
Then, = 10 × 6
9 b2 or y =
15
2b2 = 75
75 or y = 4 5
b2 =
2

qqq

WORKSHEET-113
Solutions x1 x2
∴ =
y1 y2
1. (a) 1
2. (b) 1 80 64
=
3. (c) 1 160 y2

4. (a) 1
64 × 160
5. (a) 1 ⇒ y2 =
80
6. Here, variation is inverse
∴ 20 × 600 = 400 × y y2 = 128 2
20 × 600 8. Given that, at constant temperature, pressure and
y = volume of a gas are inversely proportional. Let the
400
required pressure be x.
y = 30 2
7. Given, x varies directly as m i.e., x ∝ m Volume of gas (in cubic centimetres) 630 720
Here, x1 = 80, y1 = 160, x2 = 64, y2 = ? Pressure of gas (in mm) 360 x
Then, 630 × 360 = 720 × x 1

P-120 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 630 × 360 ∴ The height of the tank is 24.9 m. (Appr.) 5
= x 11. (a) Since, the remaining days = (90 – 20) days
720
\ x = 315 = 70 days
Therefore, the required pressure is 315 mm of But remaining number of men = 300 – 50
mercury. 3 = 250
9. Let the number of cow graze the field be x. Let the number of days = x, then

Number of Cows 44 x Number of men 300 250

Number of days 9 12 Number of days 70 x

Clearly, number of cows will be less for more Clearly less men will have food for more days.
number of days. Then, by inverse variation,
So, it is a case of inverse proportion. 300 x
=
i.e. x1 y1 = x2 y2 250 70
44 × 9 = x × 12
or 300 × 70 = x × 250
44 × 9
x = = 33 300 × 70
12 or x = = 84
250
So, difference = 44 – 33 = 11
Hence, the required number of days = 84. 5
In 12 days, 11 less cows will be required. 3
12. We have,
10. Here, the length of the shadows are directly
proportionate to their length. 4 7 21
= =
Here, h1 = 9.5 m, l1 = 8 m, h2 = x, l2 = 21 m 12 21 63 
h1 h2 1 1 1
= or = =
l1 l2 3 3 3

9.5 x 1
= Hence, constant variation = . 5
8 21 3
9.5 × 21
x = = 24.9 m (Appr.)
8

qqq

WORKSHEET-114
Solutions 5 × 3 × 16
l2 = = 40 2
2×3
1. (a) 1
2. (a) 1 8. Here, x varies inversely as y
3. (b) 1 Hence, x1 y1 = x2 y2
4. (c) 1
 x1 = 40, y1 = 600, x2 = 400, y2 = ?
5. (a) 1
40 × 600 = 400 × y2
6. Here, variation is inverse
∴ 60 × 1.5 = 4.5 × x 40 × 600
⇒ y2 = = 60 2
60 × 1.5 400
x =
4.5 9. Here, mass of rod ∝ length of the rod
x = 20 2 Let man and length of the rod be m and l,
7. Here, l ∝ m respectively.
2 16  m ∝ l
Here, l1 = 5, m1 = , l2 = ?, m2 =
3 3 m1 m2
l1 l2 ⇒ =
l1 l2
∴ =
m1 m2
m1 = 192 g, l1 = 16 cm
5 l 3×5 3 l2
= 2 or, = m2 = 105 g and l2 = ?
2 16 2 16
3 3

S OLUT I ONS P-121

 192 105 Let the number of poster Anju’s class need to sell be y.
∴ =
16 l2 Money Raised (in `) 250 2000
No of poster sold 60 n
16 × 105
l2 = 5 250 2000
192 ∴
= 1
60 n
l2 = 8.75 cm
2000 × 60
10. Let the cost of iron be x n = = 480
250
Weight of iron 27 120
So, required number of posters are 480. 5
Cost of iron 1080 x 12. (a) Let cost of cloth be ` x.
As the cost increases by increasing the weight. Length of cloth (m) 25 40
Hence, it is directly proportional
Cost of cloth (`) 337.5 x
27 120
So, = Here, cost will be increase by increasing the length
1080 x of cloth. Hence, it is directly proportional.
1080 × 120 25 40
x = =
27 337 . 5 x
x = ` 4800 5 337.5 × 40
x = = ` 540
11. Here, Anju’s class raised for every 60 posters. 25
(a) Let x be the money. (b) Let the length of cloth be y m.
Money Raised 250 x
Length of cloth (m) 25 y
Number of poster sold 60 102
Cost of cloth (`) 337.5 810
Clearly, number of poster will increase, money
Here, as the length will increase by increasing the
raised will also increased.
amount So, it is directly proportional.
250 x
∴ = 25 y
60 102 =
337 . 5 810
102 × 250
x = = 425 25 × 810
60 ⇒
y =
337.5
Money raised by 102 poster is ` 425.
(b) No, class could not raise exactly ` 2000. ⇒
y = 60 metres. 5

qqq

P-122 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
CHAPTER
SECTION

14
B FACTORISATION

WORKSHEET-115
Solutions 3. (a) 12x, 36
12 x = 2 × 2 × 3 × x
1. (a) 12x + 36
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
12x = 2 × 2 × 3 × x
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 The common factors between 12x and 36 are 2 × 2
The common factors are 2, 2 and 3. × 3 = 12.
Therefore, 12x + 36 = (2 × 2 × 3 × x) (b) 2y, 22xy
 + (2 × 2 × 3 × 3)
2y = 2 × y
= 2 × 2 × 3 (x + 3)
22xy = 2 × 11 × x × y
= 12(x + 3)
The common factors between 2y and 22xy are 2 and
(b) 22y – 33z
y = 2 × y = 2y.
22y = 2 × 11 × y
(c) 14pq, 28p2q2
33z = 3 × 11 × z
14pq = 2 × 7 × p × q
The common factors are only term is 11.
28p2q2 = 2 × 2 × 7 × p × p × q × q
Therefore, 22y – 33z = (2 × 11 × y) – (3 × 11 × z)
The common factors are 2, 7, p and q = 2 × 7 × p ×
= 11(2y – 3z) q = 14pq.
(c) 14pq + 35pqr (d) 2x, 3x2, 4
14pq = 2 × 7 × p × q 2x = 2 × x × 1
35pqr = 5 × 7 × p × q × r
3x2 = 3 × x × x × 1
The common factor of the three terms are 7, p and q.
4 = 2 × 2 × 1
Therefore, 14pq + 35pqr = (2 × 7 × p × q)
The common factor is 1.
 + (5 × 7 × p × q × r)
(e) 6abc, 24ab2, 12a2b
= 7 × p × q (2 + 5r)
6abc = 2 × 3 × a × b × c
= 7pq (2 + 5r) 6
2. (a) x2 + xy + 8x + 8y = x × x + x × y + 8 × x + 8 × y 24ab2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × a × b × b
= x ( x + y) + 8 (x + y) 12a2b = 2 × 2 × 3 × a × a × b
= (x + y) (x + 8) The common factors are 2, 3, a and b = 2 × 3 × a × b
(b) 15xy – 6x + 5y – 2 = 3 × 5 × x × y – 2 × 3 × x + 5 = 6 ab
 ×1×y–2×1 (f) 16x3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x × x × x
= 3 × x (5 × y – 2) + 1 (5 × y – 2) – 4x2 = (–)2 × 2 × x × x
= 3x(5y – 2) + 1 (5y – 2)
32x = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x
= (5y – 2) (3x + 1)
(c) ax + bx – ay – by = a × x + b × x – a × y – b × y The common factors are 2 × 2 × x = 4x.
= x(a + b) – y(a + b) (g) 10 pq, 20 qr, 30 rp
= (a + b) (x – y) 10 pq = 2 × 5 × p × q
(d) 15pq + 15 + 9q + 25p = 15pq + 25p + 9q + 15 20 qr = 2 × 2 × 5 × q × r
= 3 × 5 × p × q + 5 × 5 × p + 3 30rp = 2 × 3 × 5 × r × p
 ×3×q+3×5 The common factors are 2 and 5 = 2 × 5 = 10.
= 5 × p (3 × q + 5) + 3 (3 × q + 5)
(h) x2y3, 10x3y2, 6x2y2z
= 5p (3q + 5) +3(3q + 5)
= (3q + 5) (5p + 3) x2y3 = x × x × y × y × y
(e) z – 7 + 7xy – xyz = z × 1 – 7 × 1 + 7 × x × y – x 10x3y2 = 2 × 5 × x × x × x × y × y
× y × z 6x2y2z = 2 × 3 × x × x × y × y × z
= 1 (z – 7) + x × y( 7 – z) The common factors are x, x, y and y = x × x × y ×
= (z – 7) – xy (z – 7) y = x2y2.
= (z – 7) ( 1 – xy)

qq

S OLUT I ONS P-123

 WORKSHEET-116
Solutions  + (2 × 3 × 5 × a × l × m)
= 2 × 5 × l × m (2 × l + 3 × a)
1. (a) 24xy2z3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × x × y × y × z
= 10 lm (2l + 3a)
 ×z×z
(f) 5x2y – 15xy2
6yz2 = 2 × 3 × y × z × z
5x2y = 5 × x × x × y
Therefore, 24xy2z3 ÷ 6yz2
15xy2 = 3 × 5 × x × y × y
2×2×2×3×x× y× y× z× z× z
= The common factors are 5, x and y.
2×3× y× z× z
∴ 5x2y – 15xy2 = (5 × x × x × y)
= 2 × 2 × x × y × z  – (3 × 5 × x × y × y)
= 4xyz = 5 × x × y ( x – 3 × y)
(b) 63a2b4c6 = 7 × 3 × 3 × a × a × b × b × b = 5xy ( x – 3y)
 ×b×c×c×c×c×c×c (g) 10a2 – 15b2 + 20c2
7a2b2c3 = 7 × a × a × b × b × c × c × c 10a2 = 2 × 5 × a × a
Therefore, 63a2b4c6 ÷ 7a2b2c3
15b2 = 3 × 5 × b × b
7×3×3×a×a×b×b×b×b×c×c×c×c×c×c
= 20c2 = 2 × 2 × 5 × c × c
7×a×a×b×b×c×c×c The common factor is 5.
=3×3×b×b×c×c×c ∴ 10a2 – 15b2 + 20c2
= 9b2c3 4 = (2 × 5 × a × a) – (3 × 5 × b × b)
2. (a) 7x – 42  + (2 × 2 × 5 × c × c)
7x = 7 × x × 1 = 5 (2 × a × a – 3 × b × b + 2
42 = 2 × 3 × 7
 × 2 × c × c)
The common factors is 7.
= 5 (2a2 – 3b2 + 4c2)
 7x – 42 = 7 × x × 1 – (2 × 3 × 7)
(h) – 4a2 + 4ab – 4ca
= 7 (x – 6)
– 4a2 = (–1) × 2 × 2 × a × a
(b) 6p – 12q
6p = 2 × 3 × p 4ab = 2 × 2 × a × b
12q = 2 × 2 × 3 × q 4ca = 2 × 2 × c × a
The common factors are 2 and 3. The common factors are 2, 2 and a.
∴ 6p – 12q = (2 × 3 × p) – (2 × 2 × 3 × q) ∴ – 4a2 + 4ab – 4ca = ( –1 × 2 × 2 × a × a)
= 2 × 3 (p – 2 × q)  + (2 × 2 × a × b) – (2 × 2 × c × a)
= 6 (p – 2q) = 2 × 2 × a( – a + b – c)
(c) 7a2 + 14a = 4a (– a + b – c)
7a2 = 7 × a × a (i) x2yz + xy2z + xyz2
14a = 2 × 7 × a x2yz = x × x × y × z
The common factors are 7 and a. xy2z = x × y × y × z
∴ 7a2 + 14a = (7 × a × a) + (2 × 7 × a) xyz2 = x × y × z × z
= 7 × a (a + 2) The common factors are x, y and z.
= 7a (a + 2) ∴ x2yz + xy2z + xyz2
(d) – 16z + 20z3 = (x × x × y × z)
– 16z = (–1) × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × z  + (x × y × y × z) + (x × y × z × z)
20z3 = 2 × 2 × 5 × z × z × z = xyz (x + y + z)
The common factors are 2, 2 and z. (j) ax2y + bxy2+ cxyz
∴ – 16z + 20 z3 = (– 1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × z) ax2y = a × x × x × y
 + (2 × 2 × 5 × z × z × z) bxy2 = b × x × y × y
= 4z (– 4 + 5z2) cxyz = c × x × y × z
(e) 20 l2m + 30 alm The common factors are x and y.
ax2y + bxy2 + cxy2z = (a × x × x × y) + (b × x × y × y)
20 l2m = 2 × 2 × 5 × l × l × m
+(c × x × y × z)
30 alm = 2 × 3 × 5 × a × l × m
x × y(a × x + b × y + c × z)
The common factors are 2, 5, l and m.
xy(a x + by + cz)
∴ 20 l2m + 30 alm = (2 × 2 × 5 × l × l × m)
20

qqq

P-124 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-117
Solutions = {x – (y + z)}{x + (y + z)}
 {x2 + (y +z)2}
1. (a) 4p2 – 9q2 = (2p)2 – (3q)2 = (x – y – z) (x + y + z) {x2 + (y + z)2}
= (2p + 3q) (2p – 3q) (d) x4 – (x – z)4 = (x2)2 – {(x – z)2]2
[ a2 – b2 = (a+ b) (a – b) = {x2 – (x – z)2} {x2 + (x – z)2}
(b) 63a – 112b = (9 × 7)a2 – (7 × 16)b2
2 2
= (x – x + z) (x + x – z)
= 7 (9a2 – 16b2) {x2 + (x – z)2}
= 7 [(3a)2 – (4b)2] (e) a4 – 2a2b2 + b4 = (a2)2 – 2a2b2 + (b2)2
= 7(3a + 4b) (3a – 4b) = (a2 – b2)2
[ a2 – b2 = (a+ b) (a – b)] = [(a + b) (a – b)]2 = (a + b)2 (a – b)2
(c) 49x2 – 36 = (7x)2 – (6)2 4. (a) a2 + 8a + 16
= (7x + 6) (7x – 6) Since, a2 = (a)2, 16 = 42 and 8a = 4 × 2 × a
(d) 16x5 – 144x3 = 16 × x3 × x2 – 16 × 9 × x3 Therefore, a2 + 8a + 16 = (a)2 + 2 × 4 × a + (4)2
= 16x3 (x2 – 9) = (a + 4)2
= 16x3 [(x)2 – (3)2] [because (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= 16x3 (x + 3) (x – 3) 2
(b) p – 10p + 25
(e) (l + m)2 – (l – m)2 = (l +m + l – m) (l + m – l + m) Since, p2 = (p)2, 25 = (5)2 and 10p = 2 × 5 × p
= (2l) (2m) = 4lm Therefore, p2 – 10p + 25 = (p)2 – 2 × 5 × p + (5)2
(f) 9x2y2 – 16 = (3xy)2 – (4)2 = (p – 5)2
= (3xy + 4) (3xy – 4) [ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
(g) (x2 – 2xy + y2) – z2 = (x – y)2 – (z)2 2
(c) 25m + 30m + 9
= (x – y + z) (x – y – z) Since, 25 m2 = (5m)2, 9 = (3)2 and 30 m = 2 × 5 × 3 × m
(h) 25a2 – 4b2 + 28 bc – 49c2 = 25a2 – (4b2 – 28bc + 49c2) Therefore, 25 m2 + 30 m + 9 = (5m)2 + 2 × 5 × 3 + (3)2
= (5a)2 – (2b – 7c)2 = (5 m + 3 )2
= (5a + 2b – 7c) (5a – 2b + 7c) (d) 49y2 + 84zy + 36z2
8 Since, 49 y2 = (7y)2
2. (a) ax2 + bx = x (ax + b) 36z2 = (6z)2
(b) 7p2 + 21q2 = 7 p2 + (3 × 7) q2 and 84yz = 2 × 7 × 6 × y × z
= 7 (p2 + 3q2) Therefore, 49y2 + 84yz + 36z2 = (7y)2
(c) 2x3 + 2xy2 + 2xz2 = 2x (x2 + y2 + z2) = 2 × 7 × 6 × y × z + (6z)2
(d) am + bm2 + bn2 + an2 = (am2 + bm2) + (bn2 + an2)
2
= (7y + 6z)2
= m2(a + b) + n2(b + a) (e) 4x2 – 8x + 4
= (a + b) (m2 + n2) Since, 4x2 = (2x)2, 4 = (2)2
(e) (lm + l) + m + 1 = l (m + 1) + 1(m + 1) and 8x = 2 × 2 × 2 × x
= (l + 1) (m + 1) Therefore, 4x2 – 8x + 4 = (2x)2 – 2 × 2 × 2 × x + (2)2
(f) y (y +z) + 9 (y +z) = (y + z) (y + 9)
= (2x – 2)2
(g) 5y2 – 20y – 8z + 2yz = 5y (y – 4) – 2z (4 – y)
(f) 121b2 – 88bc + 16c2
= 5y (y – 4) + 2z (y – 4) Since, 121 b2 = (11b)2, 16c2 = (4c)2
= (y – 4) (5y + 2z) and 88bc = 2 × 11 × 4 × b × c
(h) 10ab + 4a + 5b + 2 = 2a (5b +2) +1 (5b + 2) Therefore, 121b2 – 88bc + 16c2
= (5b + 2) (2a + 1) = (11b)2 – 2 × 11 × 4 × b × c + (4c)2
(i) 6xy – 4y + 6 – 9x = 2y (3x – 2) + 3(2 – 3x) = (11b – 4c)2
= 2y (3x – 2) – 3 (3x – 2) 9 (g) (l + m)2 – 4lm
= (3x – 2) (2y – 3) Firstly expand (l + m)2 = l2 + m2 + 2lm
3. (a) a4 – b4 = (a2)2 – (b2)2 Now (l + m)2 – 4lm = l2 + m2 + 2lm – 4lm
= (a2 – b2) (a2 + b2) = l2 + m2 – 2lm
= (a – b) (a + b) (a2 + b2) = (l – m)2
(b) p4 – 81 = (p2)2 – (9)2 (h) a4 + 2a2b2 + b4
= (p2 – q) (p2 + q) Since, a4 = (a2)2, b4 = (b2)2
= [ (p)2 – (3)2] (p2 + 9) and 2a2b2 = 2 × a2 × b2
= (p – 3) (p + 3) (p2 + 9) Therefore,
(c) x4 – (y + z)4 = (x2)2 – {(y + z)2}2 a4 + 2a2b2 + b4 = (a2)2 + 2 × a2 × b2 + (b2)2
= {x2 – (y + z)2} {x2 + (y + z)2} = (a2 + b2)2 16

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-125

 WORKSHEET-118
Solutions 3. (a) 28x4 ÷ 56x = 28 x
4

56 x
1. (a) p2 + 6p + 8
We note, 8 = 2 × 4 and 6 = 2 + 4 2×2×7×x×x×x×x
=
Therefore, 2×2×2×7×x
p2 + 6p + 8 = p2 + ( 2 + 4)p + 2 × 4 x3
= p2 + 2p + 4p + 8 =
2
= p (p + 2) + 4 (p + 2)
= (p + 2) (p + 4) −36 y 3
(b)
– 36y3 ÷ 9y2 =
(b) q2 – 10q + 21 9y2
We note, 21 = 7 × 3 and 10 = 7 + 3
−2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × y × y × y
Therefore, =
q2 – 10q + 21 = q2 – (7 + 3)q + 7 × 3 3×3× y× y
= q2 – 7q – 3q + 21 = – 4 y
= q (q – 7) –3 (q – 7)
66 pq 2 r 3
= (q – 7) (q – 3) (c) 66pq2r3 ÷ 11qr2 =
(c) p2 + 6p – 16 11qr 2
We note, 16 = 8 × 2 and 6 = 8 – 2 6 × 11 × p × q × q × r × r × r
Therefore, =
11 × q × r × r
p2 + 6p – 16 = p2 + (8 – 2)p – 8 × 2
= p2 + 8p – 2p – 16 = 6pqr
= p (p + 8) – 2 (p + 8) (d) 34x3y3z3 ÷ 51xy2z3
= (p + 8 ) (p – 2) 6 2 × 17 × x × x × x × y × y × y × z × z × z
=
10 x − 25 3 × 17 × x × y × y × z × z × z

2. (a) (10x – 25) ÷ 5 =
5 2x 2 y
=
5( 2 x − 5) 3
=
5 12 a 8b 8
(e) 12a8b8 ÷ ( – 6a6b4) =
= 2x – 5 − 6 a6b 4
10 x − 25
(b) (10x – 25) ÷ (2x – 5) = 2 × 6 × a6 × a 2 × b 4 × b 4
2x − 5 =
− 6 × a6 × b 4
5( 2 x − 5)
= =5
2x − 5 = – 2a2b4 10

10 y( 6 y + 21) 5x − 6 x
2

(c) 10y(6y +21) ÷ 5(2y + 7) = 4. (a) (5x2 – 6x) ÷ 3x =

5( 2 y + 7 ) 3x
5x 2 6 x
10 y × 3( 2 y + 7 ) = −
= = 6y 3x 3x
5( 2 y + 7 )
5
= x−2
9 x 2 y 2 ( 3 z − 24 ) 3
(d) 9x2y2 (3z – 24) ÷ 27xy (z – 8) =
27 xy( z − 8 )
3y8 4 y6 5y4
(b) (3y8 – 4y6 + 5y4) ÷ y4 = − 4 + 4
9 x y × 3( z − 8 )
2 2
y4 y y
= = xy
27 xy( z − 8 )
3y8 4 y6 5y4
= − 4 + 4
(e) 96abc (3a – 12) (5b – 30) ÷ 144 (a – 4) (b – 6) y4 y y

96 abc( 3a − 12 )( 5b − 30 ) = 3y4 – 4y2 + 5
=
144( a − 4 )( b − 6 ) (c) 8(x3y2z2 + x2y3z2 + x2y2z3) ÷ 4x2y2z2
96 abc × 3 × 5( a − 4 )( b − 6 ) 8( x 3 y 2 z 2 + x 2 y 3 z 2 + x 2 y 2 z 3 )
= =

144( a − 4 )( b − 6 ) 4 x 2 y 2 z2

= 10abc 8

P-126 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 8 x 3 y 2z 2 8 x 2 y 3 z 2 8 x 2 y 2 z 3 5( 2 x + 1)( 3x + 5)
= + + =
4x2 y2z2 4x2 y2z2 4x2 y2z2 2x + 1

= 5(3x + 5)
= 2x + 2y + 2z = 2(x + y + z)
(b) 26xy (x + 5) (y – 4) ÷ 13x(y – 4)
x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3x 26 xy( x + 5)( y − 4 )
(d) (x3 + 2x2 + 3x) ÷ 2x = =
2x 13x( y − 4 )
x 3 2 x 2 3x = 2y(x + 5)
= + +
2x 2x 2x (c) 52pqr(p + q) (q + r) (r + p) ÷ 104pq (q + r) (r + p)
x2 3 52 pqr( p + q )( q + r )( r + p )
= +x+ =
2 2 104 pq( q + r )( r + p )

1 2 r
= ( x + 2 x + 3) = ( p + q)
2 2
(d) 20(y + 4) (y2 + 5y + 3) ÷ 5(y + 4)

3 6 6 3 3 3p3q6 − p6 q3
(e)
(p q – p q ) ÷ p q = 20( y + 4 )( y 2 + 5 y + 3)
p3q3 =
5( y + 4 )
p3q6 p6 q3
= − = 4(y2 + 5y + 3)
p3q3 p3q3 (e) x(x + 1) (x + 2 )(x + 3) ÷ x(x + 1)
= q3 – p3 10 x( x + 1)( x + 2 )( x + 3)
=
5. (a) 5(2x + 1) (3x + 5) ÷ (2x + 1) x( x + 1)

= (x + 2 ) (x + 3) 10

qqq

WORKSHEET-119
Solutions = z2 + 10z + 25
 [using (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2] 1
1. 4(x – 5) = 4x – 20 1 13. (2a + 3b) (a – b) = 2a (a – b) + 3b(a – b)
2. x(3x + 2) = 3x2 + 2x 1
= 2a2 – 2ab + 3ab – 3b2
3. 2x + 3y = 2x + 3y 1
= 2a2 + ab – 3b2 1
4. x + 2x + 3x = 6x 1
14. (a + 4) (a + 2) = a(a + 2) + 4(a + 2)
5. 5y + 2y + y – 7y = y 1
=a2 + 2a + 4a + 8
6. 3x + 2x = 5x 1
= a2 + 6a + 8 1
7. (2x)2 + 4(2x) + 7 = 4x2 + 8x + 7 1
15. (a – 4) (a – 2) = a(a – 2) – 4(a – 2)
8. (2x)2 + 5y = 4x2 + 5y 1
= a2 – 2a – 4a + 8
9. (3x + 2)2 = (3x)2 + 2 × 3x × 2 + (2)2
= a2 – 6a + 8 1
= 9x2 + 12x + 4 1
16. (a) (y2 + 7y + 10) ÷ (y + 5)
10. (a) x2 + 5x + 4
Divided = y2 + 7y + 10
Put x = – 3
2 = y2 + (5 + 2)y + 10
(– 3) + 5 (– 3) + 4 = 9 – 15 + 4
= y2 + 5y + 2y + 10
= 13 – 15 = – 2
= y(y + 5) + 2(y + 5)
(b) x2 – 5x + 4
= (y + 5) (y + 2)
Put x = – 3
Thus, (y2 + 7y + 10) ÷ (y + 5)
(–3)2 – 5(– 3) + 4 = 9 + 15 + 4 = 28
( y + 5)( y + 2 )
(c) x2 + 5x 1 = =y+2
Put x = – 3 ( y + 5)
(– 3)2 + 5 (– 3) = 9 – 15 = – 6 (b) (m2 – 14m – 32) ÷ (m + 2)
11. (y – 3)2 = y2 – 2 × 3 × y + (3)2 Dividend = m2 – 14m – 32
= y2 – 6y + 9 = m2 – (16 – 2) m – 32
 [using (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2] 1 = m2 – 16m + 2m – 32
12. (z + 5)2 = z2 + 2 × z × 5 + (5)2 = m(m – 16) + 2(m – 16)

S OLUT I ONS P-127

 = (m – 16) (m + 2) = 2z (z – 2)
Thus, (m2 – 14m – 32) ÷ (m + 2) (e) 5pq(p2 – q2) ÷ 2p(p + q)
( m − 16 )( m + 2 ) Dividend = 5pq(p2 – q2)
=
(m + 2) = 5pq (p + q) (p – q)

= m – 16 Thus, 5pq (p2 – q2) ÷ 2p(p + q)
(c) (5p2 – 25p + 20) ÷ (p – 1) 5 pq( p + q )( p − q )
=
Dividend = 5p2 – 25p + 20 2 p( p + q )
= 5p2 – (20 + 5) p + 20 5
= q( p − q )
= 5p2 – 20p – 5p + 20 2
= 5p(p – 4) – 5(p – 4)
(f) 12xy (9x2 – 16y2) ÷ 4xy (3x + 4y)
= (p – 4) (5p – 5)
Dividend = 12xy (9x2 – 16y2)
= 5(p – 4) (p – 1) = 12xy [(3x)2 – (4y)2]
Thus, (5p2 – 25p + 20) ÷ (p – 1) = 12xy (3x + 4y) (3x – 4y)
5( p − 4 )( p − 1) Thus, 12xy (9x2 – 16y2) ÷ 4xy(3x + 4y)
=
( p − 1) 12 xy( 3x + 4 y )( 3x − 4 y )
=
= 5(p – 4) 4 xy( 3x + 4 y )

(d) 4yz(z2 + 6z – 16) ÷ 2y(z + 8) = 3(3x – 4y)

2
Dividend = 4yz(z + 6z – 16) 39y3(50y2 – 98) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)
(g)
= 4yz [z2 + (8 – 2) z – 16] Dividend 39y3 (50y2 – 98) = 39y3 [2 × 25y2 – 2 × 49]
= 4yz [z2 + 8z – 2z – 16] = 39y3 × 2[(5y)2 – (7)2]
= 78y3(5y + 7) (5y – 7)
= 4yz [z(z + 8) – 2(z + 8)]
Thus, 39y3(50y2 – 98) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)
= 4yz (z + 8) (z – 2)
78 y 3 ( 5 y + 7 )( 5 y − 7 )
Thus, 4yz (z2 + 6z – 16) ÷ 2y(z + 8) =
26 y 2 ( 5 y + 7 )
4 yz( z + 8 )( z − 2 )
=
2 y( z + 8 ) = 3y(5y – 7) 21

qqq

WORKSHEET-120
Solutions 6.
7x + 5 7x 5 7x
+ 1 1
= + =
2 5 5 5 5
3x
1. = 3x2 ÷ 3x2 = 1 1 7. (b) 1
3x 2
8. (c) 1
3x 2 + 1 3x 2 1 9. (a) 1
2. = +
2
3x 3x 2 3x 2 10. (c) 1
1 11. (a) \ 13x2y = 13 × x × x × y
= 1 + 1
3x 2 169xy = 13 × 13 × x × y
3x 3x 3x \ The common factor = 13 × x × y = 13xy
3. = +
3x + 2 3x 2 (b) \ 3x2y = 3 × x × x × y
3x 18xy2 = 2 × 3 × 3 × x × y × y
= 1+ 1 – 6xy = – 2 × 3 × x × y
2
\ The common factor = 3 × x × y = 3xy 2
3 3 3
4. = + 12. (a) 6ab + 12bc
4x + 3 4x 3
Taking common factor in the above equation
3
= +1 1 = 6b(a + 2c) 2
4 x (b) ax3 – bx2 + cx
4x + 5 4x 5 5 Taking common factor in the above equation 2
5. = + = 1+ 1
4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x = x(ax2 – bx + c)

P-128 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 13. (a) 4x2 – 20x + 25 = (2x)2 – 2 × 2x × 5 + (5)2 16. (a) (2x3 – 12x2 + 16x) ÷ (x – 2) (x – 4)
= (2x – 5)2  2x3 – 12x2 + 16x = 2x (x2 – 6x + 8)
[Since, a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2] = 2x (x2 – 4x – 2x + 8)
= (2x – 5) (2x – 5) = 2x [x (x – 4) – 2 (x – 4)]
(b) x4 – 256 = (x2)2 – (16)2 = 2x [(x – 4) (x – 2)]
= (x2 + 16) (x2 – 16) = 2x (x – 2) (x – 4)
[using a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] 2 x 2 − 12 x 2 + 16 x 2 x( x − 2 )( x − 4 )
∴ = = 2x
= (x2 + 16) (x2 – 42) ( x − 2 )( x − 4 )

( x − 2 )( x − 4 )
= (x2 + 16) (x + 4) (x – 4) 2 (b) (3x4 – 1875) ÷ (3x2 – 75)
14. (a) x2 + 9x + 20 = x2 + (5 + 4) x + 20  3x4 – 1875 = 3 (x4 – 625)
= x2 + 5x + 4x + 20 = 3 [(x2)2 – (25)2]
= x(x + 5) + 4(x + 5) = 3 [(x2 + 25) (x2 – 25)]
= (x + 5) (x + 4) = 3 [(x2 + 25) (x2 – 52)]
(b) p2 – 13p – 30 = p2 – (15 – 2) p – 30 = 3 [(x2 + 25) (x + 5) (x – 5)]
= p2 – 15p + 2p – 30 and 3x2 – 75 = 3 (x2 – 25)
= p(p – 15) + 2 (p – 15) = 3 [(x)2 – (5)2]
= (p – 15) (p + 2) 2 = 3 (x + 5) (x – 5) 2
15. (a) (x2 – 22x + 117) ÷ (x – 13) 3x − 1825 4 2
3( x + 25)( x + 5)( x − 5)
 x2 – 22x + 117 = x2 – (13 + 9) x + 117 ∴
2
= = (x2 + 25)
3x − 75 3( x + 5)( x − 5)
= x2 – 13x – 9x + 117
17. (a) x8 – y8 = (x4)2 – (y4)2
= x (x – 13) – 9 (x – 13)
= (x4 + y4) (x4 – y4)
= (x – 13) (x – 9)
= (x4 + y4) [(x2)2 – (y2)2]
x 2 − 22 x + 117 ( x − 13)( x − 9 ) = (x4 + y4) (x2 + y2) (x2 – y2)
∴ = = x – 9
( x − 13) ( x − 13) = (x4 + y4) (x2 + y2) (x + y) (x – y)

(b) (9x2 – 4) ÷ (3x + 2) a2 − b2
(b) L.H.S. =
 9x2 – 4 = (3x)2 – (2)2 (a + b)
= (3x + 2) (3x – 2) ( a + b )( a − b )
=
9x 2 − 9 ( 3x + 2 )( 3x − 2 ) (a + b)
∴
= = (3x – 2) 2
( 3x + 2 ) ( 3x + 2 )
= (a – b) Hence proved. 2
qqq
WORKSHEET-121
Solutions 9. a3 + a2 + a + 1 = a2(a + 1) + 1 (a + 1)
= (a + 1) (a2 + 1) 1
1. (d) 1
2
2. (a) 1 x 1 2
10. (a) + 2x + 4 = [x + 8x + 16]
3. (c) 1 4 4
4. (c) 1 1 2
= [x + 4x + 4x + 16]
5. (c) 1 4
6. (b) 1 1
= [x(x + 4) + 4 (x + 4)]
7. 25ax2 – 25a = 25a(x2 – 1) 4
= 25a(x + 1) (x – 1) 1
1
[Using a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] = [(x + 4) (x + 4)]
4
2 2
x2 y2  x  y
8. − =   −  1
9 25  3   5 = (x + 4)2
4
 x y  x y
(b) 16x2 + 40x + 25 = 16x2 + (20 + 20)x + 25
=  +   −  1
 3 5  3 5 = 16x2 + 20x + 20x + 25

S OLUT I ONS P-129

 = 4x (4x + 5) + 5(4x + 5) = 3 [(x2 + 25) (x2 – 25)]
= (4x + 5) (4x + 5) = 3 [(x2 + 25) (x2 – 52)]
= (4x + 5)2 2 = 3 [(x2 + 25) (x + 5) (x – 5)]
and 3x2 – 75 = 3 (x2 – 25)
3
x y xy 3  x2 y2 
11. (a) − = xy  −  = 3 [(x)2 – (5)2]
9 16
 9 16  = 3 (x + 5) (x – 5)
 x  2  y  2  3x 4 − 1825 3( x 2 + 25)( x + 5)( x − 5)
= xy   −    ∴ 2
= = (x2 + 25)
 3   4   3 x − 75 3( x + 5)( x − 5)

2
[\ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)]
13. (a) a3 – 4a2 + 12 – 3a = a2 (a – 4) – 3a + 12
 x y  x y = a2 (a – 4) – 3 (a – 4)
= xy  +   − 
 3 4  3 4 = (a – 4) (a2 – 3)

(b) x4 – 1 = (x2)2 – (1)2 (b) 4x2 – 20x + 25 =(2x)2 – 2 × 2x × 5 + (5)2
= (x2 + 1) (x2 – 1) = (2x – 5)2
= (x2 + 1) (x + 1) (x – 1) 2 [Since, a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2]
[\ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] = (2x – 5) (2x – 5) 2
12. (a) (2x3 – 12x2 + 16x) ÷ (x – 2) (x – 4) 14. (a) x2 + 15x + 56 = x2 + (8 + 7) x + 56
= x2 + 8x + 7x + 56
 2x3 – 12x2 + 16x = 2x (x2 – 6x + 8)
= x (x + 8) + 7 (x + 8)
= 2x (x2 – 4x – 2x + 8)
= (x + 8) (x + 7) 2
= 2x [x (x – 4) – 2 (x – 4)]
(b) Putting, x = 3 and y = 2, then
= 2x [(x – 4) (x – 2)] L.H.S. = x2 – y2
= 2x (x – 2) (x – 4) = 32 – 22
2 x 2 − 12 x 2 + 16 x 2 x( x − 2 )( x − 4 ) = 9 – 4 = 5
∴ = = 2x
( x − 2 )( x − 4 ) ( x − 2 )( x − 4 ) and R.H.S. = (x + y) (x – y)

= (3 + 2) (3 – 2)
(b) (3x4 – 1875) ÷ (3x2 – 75)
= 5 × 1 = 5
 3x4 – 1875 = 3 (x4 – 625)
L.HS. = R.H.S. Hence Proved. 2
= 3 [(x2)2 – (25)2]

qqq

WORKSHEET-122
Solutions = 3 × x × x × y = 3x2y
76 x 3 yz 3
1. (a) 1 (b) 76x3yz3 ÷ 19x2y2 =
19 x 2 y 2
2. (b) 1
3. (a) 1 4 × 19 × x × x × x × y × z × z × z
=
4. (b) 1 19 × x × x × y × y

5. (b) 1
6. (a) 1 4×x×z×z×z 4 xz 3
= = 2
7. lx + my + mx + ly = lx + mx + my + ly y y

= x(l + m) + y(l + m) 11. 16x4 – 625y4 = [4x2]2 – [25y2]2
= (l + m) (x + y) 1 = [4x2 + 25y2] [4x2 – 25y2]
8. l2m2n – lm2n2 – l2mn2 = lmn [lm – mn – ln] 1 [\ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)]
9. 3a2b3 – 27a4b = 3a2b (b2 – 9a2) = [4x2 + 25y2] [(2x)2 – (5y)2]
= 3a2b [(b)2 – (3a)2] = (4x2 + 25y2) (2x + 5y) (2x – 5y) 2
= 3a2b (b + 3a) (b – 3a) 1 12. x4 – y4 + x2 – y2 = (x2)2 – (y2)2 + x2 – y2
51x 3 y 3 z [\ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)]
10. (a) 51x3y2z ÷ 17xyz =
17 xyz = (x2 + y2) (x2 – y2) + (x2 – y2)
3 × 17 × x × x × x × y × y × z = (x2 – y2)(x2 + y2 + 1)
=
17 xyz = (x + y) (x – y) (x2 + y2 + 1)
 [\ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] 2

P-130 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 13. Factorising 15 (y +3) (y2 – 16), 15. (a) 15x2 – 26x + 8 = 15x2 – (20 + 6) x + 8
We get, 5 × 3 × (y + 3) (y – 4) (y + 4) = 15x2 – 20x – 6x + 8
On factorising, 5 (y2 – y – 12), we get 5 (y2 – 4y + 3y – 12) = 5x (3x – 4) – 2(3x – 4)
= 5 [y (y – 4) + 3 (y – 4)]
= (3x – 4) (5x – 2)
= 5 (y – 4) (y + 3)
Therefore, on dividing the first expression by the (b) Putting, a = 2 and b = 1, then
15( y + 3)( y 2 − 16 ) L.H.S. = (a – b)2
second expression, we get
5( y 2 − y − 12 ) = (2 – 1)2 = 12 = 1
R.H.S. = a2 + b2 – 2ab
5 × 3 × ( y + 3)( y − 4 )( y + 4 )
= = 22 + 12 – 2 × 2 × 1
5 + ( y − 4 )( y + 3)
= 4 + 1 – 4 = 1
= 3 (y + 4) 2 L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence Proved. 4
2 2 2
14. (11pq + 4q) – (11pq – 4q) = 176pq 16. (a) x4 – y4 = (x2)2 – (y2)2
= (11 pq)2 + (4q)2 + 2 × 11pq × 4q – ((11 pq)2 +(4q)2 – 2 = (x2 + y2) (x2 – y2)
(11pq × 4q) = (x2 + y2) (x + y) (x – y)
121p2q2 + 16q2 + 88pq2 – 121 p2q2 – 16q2 + 88pq2 (b) 16x4 – 81 = (4x2)2 – (9)2

= 88pq2 + 88pq2 = (4x2 + 9) (4x2 – 9)
= 176 pq2 = L.H.S. 2 = (4x2 + 9) [(2x)2 – (3)2]
= (4x2 + 9) (2x + 3) (2x – 3) 4

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-131

CHAPTER
SECTION
15
B INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS
Solutions
1. (a) (i) The sales in 2002 was 4 crores. during the period given. These two times were 1
(ii) The sales in 2006 was 8 crores.
(b) (i) The sales in 2003 was 7 crores.
(ii) The sales in 2005 was 10 crores.
(c) The difference between the sales in 2002 and 2006
was (8 crores – 4 crores) 4 crores.
(d) The greatest difference between the sales as
compared to its previous year was 2005 Because
in previous year 2004 the sale was 6 crores and the
sales in 2005 was 10 crores and the difference is 4
crores.
2. (a) The days were Tuesday, Friday and Sunday.
When the forecast temperature was same as the
actual temperature.
(b) The maximum forecast temperature was 35°C
during the week.
(c) The minimum actual temperature was 15°C during
the week.
(d) The day was Thursday, when the actual temperature
differ the most form the forecast temperature. 4
3. (a) Patient’s temperature at 1 p.m. was 36.5°C.
WORKSHEET-124
Solutions
1. (a) The horizontal axis (X) shows the time and the
vertical (Y) axis shows the temperature. It represents
that the time increases, temperature also increases.
(b)
The horizontal (X) axis shows the time and the
vertical (Y) shows the temperature. It represents that
the time increases but the temperature decreases.
(c) The horizontal (X) axis shows the time and the
vertical (Y) axis shows the temperature. But it is not
possible that temperature increases and the time is
constant.
(d) The horizontal (X) axis shows the time and the
vertical (Y) axis shows the temperature. The
graph represents that the time increase and the
temperature is constants.
Therefore, (i), (ii) and (iv) graph shows the time
temperature graph and (iii) is not possible. 4
P-132
WORKSHEET-123
(b) The patient’s temperature 38.5°C was at 12 noon.
(c) The patient’s temperature was the same two times
p.m. and 2 p.m.
(d) The temperature 36.5°C at 1.30 p.m. The point
between 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. on the x-axis is equidistant
from the two points showing 1p.m. and 2 p.m., so it
will represent, 1.30 p.m. Similarly, the point on the
y-axis, between 36°c and 37°c will represent 36.5°C.
(e) The patient’s temperature showed an upward
trend 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. and 2 p.m.
to 3 p.m. 5
4. (a) (i) The height was 7 cm after 2 weeks of plant A.
(ii) The height was 9 cm after 3 weeks of plant A.
(b) (i) The height was 7 cm after 2 weeks of plant B.
(ii) The height was 11 cm after 3 weeks of plant B.
(c) Plant A grew 3 cm during the 3rd week.
(d) Plant B grew 4 cm at the end of the 2nd week to the
end of the 3rd week.
(e) During second week plant A grew most.
(f) During first week plant B grew least.
(g) The two plants of the same height were at the end
of the 2nd week. 7
qqq
2. The horizontal (X) axis shows the year.
The vertical (Y) axis shows the days.
Y
12
10
8
Days
6
4
2
X
2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
(b)
The horizontal (X) axis shows the year and the
vertical (Y) axis shows the population of men and
women. 5
M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 Y 4. (a) Y
Women Men
14
13.5 6 C (4, 6)

13 5
12.5 4
12 3
D (4, 2.5)
11.5 2 B (4, 2)
11 1
10.5 A (4, 0)
X
10 0 1 2 3 4 5
X (b) These points lie on a line it is parallel to y-axis.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Y
3. (a) The scale taken for the time on x axis is 4 unit
= 1 hour
(b) The time taken by the person 5
S
4 (4, 4)
= 8 a.m. to 11 : 30 a.m. 3
R
Q (3, 3)
1 2 (2, 2)
= 3 hour. P
2 1
(1, 1)
X
(c) Distance between the place of the merchant from 0 1 2 3 4 5
the town is 22 km. (c) Y
(d) Yes, the person stops on his way.
6 (2, 5) (5, 5)
The person stops on his way is indicated by the
5 N M
horizontal part of the graph (10 a.m. 10.30 a.m.)
4
(e) He rides fastest between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m. 5
3 K L
2 (2, 3) (5, 3)
1
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5

qqq

WORKSHEET-125
Solutions 3. The co-ordinates of the vertices of each of these
adjoining fig. are–
1. (a) True, (b) False, (c) True. 3 For OABC
2. Y
O (0, 0), A (2, 0), B (2, 3), C (0, 3)
For PQRS
5 P (4, 3), Q (6, 1), R (6, 5), S (4, 7)
4 For KLM 5
(2, 3)
3 K (10, 5), L (7, 7), M (10, 8)
2 (3, 2)
4. Mark number of litres in horizontal (X-axis).
1
Mark cost of petrol along the vertical (Y-axis).
X
0 1 2 3 4 5
According to graph, a man purchased 16 litres
According to graph, the line will cut x – axis at (5, 0) petrol for ` 800.
and y-axis at (0, 5). 5

S OLUT I ONS P-133

 Y Y
Scale
1300
(25, 1250) X axis
1200 160 1 unit = 1 hour
1100 140 Y axis
1000 (20, 1100) 1 unit = 20 km
120

Distance (in km)

900
800 100
Cost (in `)

700 (15, 750) 80

600 60
500 (10, 500)
40
400
20
300
200 0 X
100 6 a.m. 7 a.m. 8 a.m. 9 a.m.
0 X Time (in hours)
5 10 15 20 25 30
Liters (i) The distance covered by car during the period
7.30 am. to 8 am. = 20 km
5. (a) (A) Mark number of apples along the horizontal
(X) axis. (ii) The time was 7.30 am. when the car had cov-
ered a distance of 100 km.
(B) Mark cost of apples along the vertical axis (Y).
(c) (A) Mark deposits along horizontal (X) axis.

(C) Plot the points : (l, 5), (2, 10), (3, 15), (4, 20), (5,
(B) Mark simple Interest along vertical axis (Y).
25).
(C) Plot the points : (1000, 80), (2000, 160), (3000,

(D) Join the points. We get a graph that is a line. 240), (4000, 320), (5000, 400).
Y
(D) Join the points. We get a graph that is a line.
Scale
X axis Scale
25 1 unit = 1 apple X axis
Y axis 1 unit = 1 apple
1 unit = ` 5 Y axis
20 25
1 unit = ` 5
Cost (in Rs.)
Cost (in `)

15 20
10 15
5
10
0 X
1 2 3 4 5 5
Number of apples
0
(b)
(A) Mark time along horizontal (X) axis 1 2 3 4 5
Number of apples

(B) Mark distances along vertical (Y) axis.
(i) From the graph the deposited amount in the

(C) Plot the points : (6, 40),(7, 80), (8, 120), (9, 160) beginning is 0 so S.I. will also be 0 Hence the

(D) Join the points. We get a graph that is a line. given graph must pass through the origin.
(ii) For the deposit amount of ` 2500 the corre-
sponding interest is ` 200.
(iii) For the interest of ` 280 the corresponding
deposit is ` 3,500. 10

qqq

WORKSHEET-126
Solutions 5. At the point of intersection on the x and y-axis. 1
6. (a) The information obtained from the given graph
1. (b) 1 is that the maximum temperature is 34°C and
2. (d) 1 minimum temperature is 25°C in a week.
3. (c) 1 (b) On Sunday, the temperature was 25°C. it is the least
4. On x-axis. 1 temperature in the week.

P-134 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 (c) On Saturday, the temperature was 31°C.  (D) Join the points.
(d) On Friday, the temperature was maximum i.e. 34°C. We get a graph this is not a line. So, it is not a
Hence, it is the hottest day of the week. 4 linear graph.
Y
Y
7. 10 On Scale
x axis 1 unit = 1 cm
9 36 y axis 1 unit = 4 cm
8 32
7 28
6 24

Area (in cm)

5 (4, 5) 20
(5, 4) 16
4
(0, 4) 12
3
8
2
(3, 1) 4
1
(2, 0) X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
0 X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 Side of square (in cm)
8. (i) (A) Mark the side of square along the horizontal 9. Since, y = x2 ....(i)
(X) axis. Putting x = 0, 1, 2, 3 in equation (i)
(B) Mark the perimeter along the vertical (Y) axis. At x= 0, then
(C) Plot the points — (2, 8), (3, 12), (3.5, 14), (5, 20), or y = 02 = 0
(6, 24). At x = 1, then
(D) Join the points. y = 12 = 1
At x = 2, then
We get a graph that is a line. So, it is a linear
graph. y = 22 = 4
At x = 3, then
Y
y = 32 = 9
Scale
x axis-1 unit = 1 cm
Thus,
y axis-1 unit = 4 cm x 0 1 2 3
24 y 0 1 4 9
Perimeter (in cm)

20 
Y
Scale :
16 x-axis = 1 unit = 1 cm
y-axis = 1 unit = 1 cm
12 9 D(3, 9)
8
8
7
6
4
5
0 4 C(2, 4)
X
1 2 3 4 5 6 3
2
Side of square (in cm) 1
B(1, 1)
(0, 0) A
X' X
(ii) (A) Mark the side of the square along horizontal –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
–1
(x) axis. –2
–3
(B) Mark the area along vertical (Y) axis. –4
(C) Plot the points (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25), (6, Y'
36). 6

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-135

 WORKSHEET-127
Solutions 8. (a) From the given graph, the car travels 80 km in
2 h.
1. (c) 1 (b) 5 h taken by car to reach R.
2. (c) 1 (c) 2 h taken by car to cover 80 km.
3. (a) 1 (d) Q is 120 km far from the starting point.
4. (a) The x-coordinate of the point (7, 3) is 7. (e) The car reaches the place after starting in 6 h. 5
(b) The x-coordinate of the point (5, 7) is 5. 9. Since, the ordinate is 3 times the abscissa, we get the
following values.
(c) The x-coordinate of the point (0, 5) is 0. 1
5. (a) The y-coordinate of the point (3, 5) is 5. x 1 2 3 4
(b) The y-coordinate of the point (4, 0) is 0. y 3 6 9 12
(c) The y-coordinate of the point (2, 7) is 7. 1  1
6. Given, points are A(1, 2), B(4, 2) and C(1, 4). Location Y
of given points on of the graph given below. 12 (4, 12)
Y 11
5 10
(3, 9)
(1, 4) (4, 4) 9
4 C D 8
7
3 (2, 6)
6
5
2 A B
(1, 2) (4, 2) 4
(1,3)
3
1
2
0 X
1 2 3 4 5 1

To complete the rectangle ABCD, the coordinate of

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X
 4
the fourth (4, 4), i.e., D(4. 4). 3
10. (a)
7. Y Y
Scale
150 X-axis = 1 cm = 2 yrs 7
Y-axis = 1 cm = 20 cm 6
130 (10, 130) 5
Height (in cm)

C(0, 4) 4
(8, 120)
110 (6, 110) 3
2
90 (4, 90) A(–3, 0) 1 B(3, 0)
X' X
70 (2, 75) –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1–1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6
–2
50 X –3
0 2 4 6 8 10 –4
Age (in years)  –5
–6
(a)
90 cm –7
(b) 130 cm – 110 cm
= 20 cm Y' 
(b) Points A(– 3, 0) and B(3, 0) lies on x-axis and C(0, 4)
(c) 4 to 6 yrs
lies on y-axis. 5
= 20 cm. 3

qqq

P-136 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-128
Solutions
1. (d) 1
2. (b) 1 S
3. (c) 1 P
4. (a) 6 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) – 3 2
Q
5. (a) A, x = – 3, y = 2
(b) B, x = 2, y = – 1
(c) C, x = 0, y = – 7 R
OR
The coordinates of the point on Y-axis, where the
(a) A, x = 0, y = 5
line segment meet will be in the form of (0, y)
(b) B, x = – 6, y = – 4 whereas the coordinates of the point of interaction
(c) C, x = 2, y = 2 3 on X-axis will be of type (x, 0). 5
6. The point A is on the Y-axis at a distance of 7.5 units
8. Y
from the origin. (4, 16)
16
\ The coordinates are (0, 7.5).
15
The point B is at a distance of 4 units from Y-axis 14
and 5 units from X-axis. 13
\ The coordinates of B are (4, 5). 12
The point C is at a distance of 7.5 units from Y-axis 11
and 2.5 units from X-axis. 10
(3, 9)
\ The coordinates of C denotes (7.5, 2.5). 9
Area (in cm2)

8
The point D lies on X-axis at a distance of 11 units
from the origin. 7
6
\ The coordinates of D are (11, 0).
5
The point E is at a distance of 14.5 units from Y-axis 4
(2, 4)

and 6.5 units from X-axis. 3

\ The coordinates of E are (14.5, 6.5). 2
(1, 1)
The point F is at a distance of 18 units from Y-axis 1
and 9.5 units from X-axis. 0 X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
\ The coordinates of F are (18, 10).  5 Side (in cm)
7. Let PQ is a line segment which is extended from Yes, it is a linear graph. 5
both ends to meet the axes.

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-137

CHAPTER
SECTION
16
B PLAYING WITH NUMBERS
Solutions
1. (a) 10 × 5 + 6 = 50 + 6
= 56
(b) 100 × 7 + 10 × 1 + 8 = 700 + 10 + 8
= 710 + 8
= 718
(c) 100 × a + 10 × c + b = 100a + 10c + b
= 100a + 10c + b 3
2. (a) In general form
25 = 20 + 5
= 2 × 10 + 5
= 10 × 2 + 5
(b) In general form
73 = 70 + 5
= 10 × 7 + 5
(c) In general form
129 = 120 + 9
= 100 × 1 + 10 × 2 + 9 × 1
(d) In general form 4 So, the sum is always a multiple of 11. Observe here
302 = 300 + 2
= 100 × 3 + 10 × 0 + 2 × 1 5. (a) Suppose, the Sundaram chooses the number
3. (a) Minakshi chooses the number 132. On reversing
the digits gets the number 231. When she subtracts
the smaller number from the larger one she gets,
231 – 132 = 99
In this case, the resulting number is divisible by 99.
So, the remainder is 0. Observe that quotient is 1.
(b) Minakshi chooses the number 469. On reversing the
digits she gets the number 964. When she subtracts
the smaller number from the larger one she gets,
964 – 469 = 495
In this case, the resulting number is divisible by 99.
So, the remainder is 0. Observe that quotient is 5.
(c) Minakshi chooses the number 737. On reversing the
digits she gets the number 737. When she subtracts
the smaller number from the larger one she gets,
737 – 737 = 0
In this case, the resulting number is divisible by 99.
So, the remainder is 0. Observe that quotient is also
0.
(d) Minakshi chooses the number 901. On reversing the
digits she gets the number 109. When she subtracts
smaller number from the larger one she gets,
901 – 109 = 792
In this case, the resulting number is divisible by 99.
So, the remainder is 0. Observe that quotient is 8. 4
4. (a) Sundaram chooses the number 27, on reversing
the digits, he gets the number 72, when he adds the
two number he gets
P-138
WORKSHEET-129
27 + 72 = 99
So, the sum is always a multiple of 11. Observe here
that if we divide the sum by 11, the quotient is 9.
(b) Sundaram chooses the number 39, on reversing the
digits, he gets the number 93. When he adds the
two number he gets,
39 + 93 = 132
So, the sum is always a multiple of 11. Observe here
that if we divide the sum by 11, the quotient is 12.
(c) Sundaram chooses the number 64. On reversing
the digits, he gets the number 46. When he adds the
two numbers he gets,
64 + 46 = 110
So, the sum is always a multiple of 11. Observe here
that if we divide the sum by 11, the quotient is 10.
(d) Sundaram chooses the number 17. On reversing
the digits, he gets the number 71. When he adds the
two number he gets,
17 + 71 = 88
that if we divide the sum by 11, the quotient is 8. 4
17. On reversing the digit, he gets the number 71.
When he subtracts the smaller number from the
larger he gets,
71 – 17 = 54
In this case, the resulting number is divisible by
9. So, the remainder is 0. Observe here that if we
divide the resulting number, the quotient is 6.
(b) The Sundaram chooses the number 21. On reversing
the digits he gets the number 12. When he subtracts
the smaller number from the larger one he gets,
21 – 12 = 9
In this case, the resulting number is divisible by
9. So, the remainder is 0. Observe here that if we
divide the resulting number, the quotient is 1.
(c) Sundaram chooses the number 96. On reversing the
digits, he gets the number 69. When he subtracts,
the smaller number from the larger one he gets,
96 – 69 = 27
In this case, the resulting number is divisible by
9. So, the remainder is 0. Observe here that if we
divide the resulting number, the quotient is 3.
(d) Sundaram chooses the number 37. On reversing the
digits, he gets the number 73. When he subtracts,
the smaller number from the larger one he gets,
73 – 37 = 36
In this case, the resulting number is divisible by
9. So, the remainder is 0. Observe here that if we
divide the resulting number, the quotient is 4. 4
qqq
M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 WORKSHEET-130
Solutions 5. This has two letters A and B whose values are to be
found. Study the addition in the ones column from
1. This has three letters A, B and C whose values are A + 5 we get ‘2’, that is, a number where ones digit
to be found. Study the addition in the ones column is 2.
from A + 8 we get 3, that is a number whose ones For this to happen, the digit A should be 7 and B
digit 3. should be 6.
For this to happen, the digit A should be 5. So, the Therefore, the puzzle can be solved as shown below :
puzzle can be, solved as shown below : 3 7
4 5 + 2 5
+ 9 8
6 2
1 4 3 Hence, A = 7 and B = 6. 2
Hence, A = 5, B = 4 and C = 1. 2 6. (a) Sundaram chooses the number 417. Two more 3
2. There is just one letter A whose value we have to digit numbers are :
find. Since the ones digit of A × A is A it must be The first number is 741.
that A = 6 So, the puzzle can be solved as shown The second number is 174.
below : Now, when he add all number he gets,
1 6 417 + 741 + 174 = 1332
× 6 In this case, the resulting number is divisible by 37.
9 6 So, the remainder is 0. Observe that the quotient is
36.
Hence, A = 6. 2
(b) Sundaram chooses the number 632. Two more 3
3. This has two letters A and B whose value are to be
digit numbers are :
found study, the addition in the ones column, the
The first number is 263.
sum B + 7 we get ‘A’ that is a number whose one
digit is A. The second number is 326.
This happens only for B = 5, So, the puzzle can be Now, when he add all number he gets,
solve as shown below : 632 + 263 + 326 = 1221
2 5 In this case, the resulting number is divisible by 37.
+ 3 7 So, the remainder is 0. Observe that the quotient is
33.
6 2
(c) Sundaram chooses the number 117. Two more
Hence, B = 5 and A = 2. 2
3-digit numbers are :
4. This has three letters A, B and C whose values are to
The first number is 711.
be found. Since, the only digit of 3 × A is B is must
be that B = 0 or B = 5 The second number is 171.
Now look at A if A = 4 and B = 0 Now, when he add all number he gets,
117 + 711 + 171 = 999
Then 4 0
In this case, the resulting number is divisible by 37.
× 3 So, the remainder is 0. Observe that the quotient is
27.
1 2 0
(d) Sundaram chooses the number 937. Two more
No, it is not possible so,
3-digit numbers are :
A = 5 and B = 0
The first number is 793.
Then, solve the puzzle as shown below :
The second number is 379.
5 0 Now, when he add all number he gets,
× 3 937 + 793 + 379 = 2109
1 5 0 In this case, the resulting number is divisible by 37.
So, the remainder is 0. Observe that the quotient is
Hence, A = 5, B = 0 and C = 1. 2 57. 4

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-139

 WORKSHEET-131
Solutions
1. The ones digit, when divided by 5, must leave a
remainder of 3. So, the one’s digit must be either 3
or 8. 2
2. The ones digit, when divided by 5, must leave a
remainder of 1. So, the one’s digit must be either 1
or 6. 2
3. The ones digit when divided by 5, must leave a
remainder of 4. So, the one’s digit must be either 4
or 9. 2
4. This also has three letters A, B and C whose values
are to be found. Since, the one digit of B × 5 is B, it
must be that B = 0 or B = 5. Now look at A. It A = 2,
then the value of A may different because
2 0
× 5
1 0 0
This can’t be possible
Now look at A, if A = 5 and B = 0. So, the puzzle can
be solved as shown below :
5 0
× 5
2 5 0
Hence, A = 5, B = 0 and C = 2. 3
5. This has two letters A and B, whose values are to be
found. Since, the ones digit of 6 × B is B, it must be
that B = 0 or B = 4, Now look at A, if A = 3 then
3 0
× 6
1 8 0
It is not possible.
If A = 7 and B = 0
7 0
× 6
4 2 0
Solutions
1.
As the remainder is 1 by dividing 2. So, N is odd; so
its ones digit is odd Therefore, the one’s digit must
be 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9. 2
2. As the remainder is 0 by dividing 2. So, N is even.
So, its ones digit is even Therefore, the one’s digit
must be 2, 4, 6 or 8. 2
3. The ones digit when divided by 5, must leave a
remainder of 4. So, the one’s digit must be either 4
or 9.
P-140
It is not possible.
If A = 7 and B = 4
7 4
× 6
4 4 4
Hence, A = 7 and B = 4 3
6. This has two letters A and B, whose values are to be
found. Study the addition in the ones column ; the
sum B + 1 is ‘0’ that is a number where ones digit is 0.
For this happens only for B = 9
7 1
+ 1 9
9 0
Hence, A = 7 and B = 9. 3
7. This has two letters A and B, whose values are to be
found. Study, the addition in the one column; the
sum B + 1 is ‘8’ that 5 a number where ones, digit is
8. For this happen only for B = 7
2 4 7
+ 4 7 1
7 1 8
Hence, A = 4 and B = 7. 3
8. This has two letters A and B whose values are to be
found. Study the addition in the ones column; form
A + B we get ‘9’ and study the ten’s column from 2
+ A, we get ‘0’ i.e., a number where ones digit is 0.
For this to happen, the digit A should be 8. So, the
puzzle can be solved as shown below.
1 2 8
+ 6 8 1
8 0 9
Hence, A = 8 and B = 1. 3
qqq
WORKSHEET-132
If, the one’s digit when divided by 2, must leave a
remainder of 1. So, the one’s digit must be 1, 3, 5 or
i.e. N is odd. 2
4. Since, 21y5 is a multiple of 9, Its sum of digits 2 + 1
+ y + 5 = 8 + y is a multiple of 9. So, this is possible
If 8 + y = 9 or 18 but y is a digit
Therefore, 8 + y = 9 ⇒ y = 1. 3
5. Since 31z5 is multiple of 9, Its sum of digits 3 + 1 +
z + 5 = 9 + z is a multiple of 9. So, this is possible
M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 if 9 + z = 9 or 18, because is z a digit, therefore z =
0 or 9.
Therefore, z = 0 or 9. 4
6. Since, 24x5 a multiple of 3, Its sum of digits 2 + 4 +
x= 6 + x is a multiple of 3. So, this is possible if 6 +
x = 6 or 9 or 12 or 15, because x is a digit
Therefore, x = 0, 3, 6 or 9. 4
7. Since, 31z5 is a multiple of 3, Its sum of digits 3 + 1
+ z + 5 = 9 + z is a multiple of 3. So, 9 + z is one of
these numbers 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, ..... But since z is
digit it can only be that
9 + z = 9 or 12 or 15 or 18
Therefore, z = 0, 3, 6 or 9. 4
8. (1) The sum of the digit of 108 is 1 + 0 + 8 = 9.
This number is divisible by 9. We conclude that 108
is divisible by 9.
(2) 616—The sum of the digits of 616 is 6 + 1 + 6 = 13.
This number is not divisible by 9. We conclude that
616 is not divisible by 9.
(3) 294—The sum of the digits of 294 is 2 + 9 + 4 = 15.
This number is not divisible by 9. We conclude that
294 is not divisible by 9.
WORKSHEET-133
Solutions
1. (c) 1
2. (b) 1
3. (c) 1
4. (c) 1
5. (c) 1
6. The one’s digit, when divided by 5, must leave a
remainder of 3. So, the one’s digit must be either
3 or 8. 1
7. If remainder = 1, then the one’s digit of ‘N’ must be
either 1 or 6. 1
8. If remainder = 4, then the one’s digit of ‘N’ must be
either 4 or 9.
For N ÷ 5, remainder = 4
∴ One’s digit may be 4 or 9. ...(i)
Again, for N ÷ 2, remainder = 1
∴ N must be an odd number. 2
So, one’s digit of N must be 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii), the one’s digit of N must be 9.
9. Since, 42x is divisible by 9, the sum of its digits, i.e. 4
+ 2 + x must be divisible by 9.
i.e., 6 + x is divisible by 9
i.e., 6 + x = 9 or 18, .......... .
Since, x is a digit, therefore 6 + x = 9 or x = 3. 2
10. From ones column A + 4 gives a number whose
ones digit is 2. So, A = 8. The value of B can be
S OLUT I ONS
(4) 432—The sum of digits of 432 is 4 + 3 + 2 = 9.
This number is divisible by 9. We conclude that 432
is divisible by 9.
(5) 927—The sum of the digits of 927 is 9 + 2 + 7 = 18.
This number is divisible by 9. We conclude that 927
is divisible by 9. 5
9. (1) The sum of digits of 108 is 1 + 0 + 8 = 9
This number is divisible by 3. We conclude that 108
is divisible by 3.
(2) The sum of the digits of 616 is 6 + 1 + 6 = 13
This number is not divisible by 3. We conclude that
161 is not divisible by 3.
(3) The sum of the digits of 294 is 2 + 9 + 4 = 15
This number is divisible by 3. We conclude that 294
is divisible by 3.
(4) The sum of digits of 432 is 4 +3 + 2 = 9
This number is divisible by 3. We conclude that 432
is divisible by 3.
(5) The sum of the digits of 927 is 9 + 2 + 7 = 18
This number is divisible by 3. We conclude that 927
is divisible by 3. 5
qqq
obtained by solving 2 + B is a number whose ones
digit is 1. So, B = 9. (one possible value)
4 1 8
+ 9 4 2
5 1 2
11.  5 + A = 13 or 23 or 33 etc.
∴
A = 13 – 5 = 8
or A = 23 – 5 = 18 is not possible
∴
A = 7
8 5
+ 4 7
1 3 2
Thus A = 7, B = 1, C = 3 2
12. Given, 2 a 3
+ 3 2 6
5 b 9
Since, 5 b 9 is divisible by 9.
So, (5 + b + 9) is divisible by 9.
So, clearly b = 4
and a = 2
Thus, b – a = 4 – 2
= 2 2
13. Let two digit number be 10a + b
Number after reversing the digit = 10b + a
According to the condition, (10 a + b) – (10 b + a)
P-141
 = 9a – 9b If a = 6 then b = 3
= 9 (a – b) is a perfect cube So, number = 63
Then surely a – b = 3 If a = 5 then b = 2
So, if a = 9 then b = 6 So, number = 52
So Number = 96 If a = 4 then b = 1
If a = 8 then b = 5 So, number = 41
So, number = 85 If a = 3 then b = 0
If a = 7 then b = 4 So, number = 30 3
So, number = 74

qqq

WORKSHEET-134
Solutions
 A + C = 9
⇒
A + 5 = 9
1. (c)
2. (d) ⇒
A = 4
3. (b) B + A = 7
4. (a) ⇒
B + 4 = 7
5. (d) ⇒
B = 3
6. As the remainder is 1 by dividing 2 so, N is odd; so Now, A + B + C = 4 + 3 + 5
its one’s digit is odd. Therefore, the one’s digit must
= 12 2
be 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9. 1
7. Since, x ÷ 5 leaves a remainder 4, so ones digit of x 11. Let the tens digit be x
may be 4 or 9. Also, since x ÷ 2 leaves a remainder 1, Then the unit digit be 4x
so ones digit must be 9 only. 1 According to condition,
8. (a) 108 sum of digits x + 4x = 10
 we have 1 + 0 + 8 = 9
or 5x = 10
and 9 is divisible by 9
∴ 108 is divisible by 9. 10
or x = =2
(b) 616 sum of digits. 5
We have, 6 + 1 + 6 = 13 Thus tens digit = 2
and 13 is not divisible by 9 and unit digit = 4 × 2 = 8
∴ 616 is also not divisible by 9. 2
Hence, required number = 10 × 2 + 8 = 28 2
9.  P × P = 16 or 36
12. Putting the value of E, B and B in the sum
If P × P = 16 ⇒ P = 4
7 4 S 3
1 4
+ 7 4 L L
Then, × 4
G 4 M 3 S
5 6
 7 + 7 = 14, clearly G = 1
Hence, Q = 5, P = 4 But Q – P = 3 3 + L = 5 ⇒ S – L = 3 ...(i)
So, P = 4 is not possible Clearly S + L = 13 ...(ii)
Now take P × P = 36 or, P = 6 From (i) of (ii), S = 8 and L = 5
1 6 and M = 1
So, G = 1, S = 8, L = 5, M = 1. 2
Then, × 6
13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
9 6
× 9
Thus, P = 6 and Q = 9 2
10. 1 AB + CCA = 697
(a) 12345679 × 45 = (12345679 × 9) × 5
Hence, B + A = 7
= (111111111) × 5
A + C = 9 = 55,55,55,555 1
1 + C = 6 (b) 12345679 × 63 = (12345679 × 9) × 7
⇒
C = 6 – 1 = 5

P-142 M A T H E M A T I C S - VIII
 = (111111111) × 7
= 77,77,77,777 1
(c)
 12345679 × 9 = 111111111
To get 888888888, we should multiply
by 9 × 8 = 71 1
(d) 12345679 × 81 = 99,99,99,999
so it should be multiplied by 81

qqq

WORKSHEET-135
Solutions 9 + x = 9 ⇒ x = 0
9 + x = 18 ⇒ x = 9
1. (b) 1
x = 27 ⇒ x = 18, which is not possible.
2. (a) 1
∴ The required value of x = 0 or 9. 2
3. (c) 1
4. (a) 1 10. (a) Clearly A = 2, B = 8
5. (c) 1 Now, (13 – 8) = 5, then C = 3
6. Since, 756x is a multiple of 11. 28) 4CDE (156
Then, 7 + 6 = 5 + x – 28
⇒
13 = 5 + x 15D
⇒
x = 13 – 5 – 140
⇒
x = 8 1 16E
7. Since, number = 51y3 – 168
Then, sum of digits = (5 + 1 + y + 3)
×
= (9 + y),  28 × 5 = 140
which must be divisible by 9 ⇒ F = 5
When y = 0 or y = 9 D – 0 = 6
∴ Required numbers are 5103 and 5193.
2 ⇒ D = 6
8. Sum of digits of odd place = 7 + 6 = 13 Also, 28 × 6 = 168
Sum of digit of even place = 5 + x ⇒ G = 6 and E = 8
Difference (x + 5) – 13 = x – 8 (i) Hence, A = 2, B = 8, C = 3, D = 6, E = 8, F = 5 and
G = 6.
Now (x – 8) should be equal to 0 or a multiple of 11
(i.e., 11, 22, 33, ... etc) (b) Yes it is necessary that (a – b + c) should be divisible
by 11.
x – 8 = 0
11. (a) Let the tens digit be x
⇒ x = 8 or x – 8 = 11
Then, hundreds digit = 2x
x = 11 + 8 = 19
and the unit digit = 3x
Since, x is a digit, so it can take value from 0 – 9 According to condition,
Hence, x = 8 2x + x + 3x = 18
Required number is 7568. 2 ⇒ 6x = 18
9. We have, the sum of the digits of 51x 3 = 5 + 1 + x ⇒ x = 3
+ 3 = 9 + x Therefore, hundreds digit = 2 × 3 = 6
Since, 51x 3 is divisible by 9. tens digit = 3
∴ (9 + x) must be divisible by 9. units digit = 9
∴ (9 + x) must be equal to 0 or 9 or 18 or 27 or ... Hence, required number = (100 × 6 + 10 × 3 + 9)
But x is a digit, then = 639
(b) [(b + d) – (a + c)] is divisible by 11. 4

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-143