1 MORPHEMES

Created @January 31, 2023 5:57 PM

Class

Materials

Reviewed

CHAPTER CHAPTER 1

Aim - objective To-do

Summary

 Content   Main idea 
1.2 DEFINITION OF MORPHEMES

MORPHOLOGY
The study of processes according to which morphemes combine to form words; [Stageberg,
2000:83]
The study of the internal structure of words. [Stageberg, 2000:87]

MORPHEMES

Exercise 8-1 (p.88) How many morphemes does a word contain?

1 MORPHEMES 1
 ANSWER

CORRECT:

Morphemes: the smallest meaningful unit in a language. [Richards, Platt & Weber (1987)]
Morphemes: the smallest individually meaningful elements in the utterances of a language.
[Charles Hockett (1958)] e.g. teacher = {teach}, {-er} students = {student}, {-s}

A morpheme meets three critical

1. It’s a word/ a part of word with meaning;

2. It’s indivisible;
3. It occurs in different verbal environments.

Exercise 8-2 (p.88) Write the meaning of the italicized morphemes.

1 MORPHEMES 2
 ANSWER

CORRECT

1.3 FREE AND BOUND MORPHEMES

A FREE MORPHEME
THE ONE THAT CAN BE UTTERED ALONE WITH MEANING

[Stageberg, 1983: 85] e.g. {eat}, {certain}, {house}, {happy}…

A BOUND MORPHEME
may occur only when they combine with another morpheme.
[Jackson, 1980: 53] e.g. {inter-}, {-vene}, {-er}, {-ly}…

EXERCISE 3 UNDERLINE THE BOUND MORPHEMES

1 MORPHEMES 3
 ANSWER

1.4 BASE

A BASE
: a part of a word that has the principal meaning.

e.g. loveable, annoyance, re-enter, denial, audience, biochemistry

FREE BASE

can stand alone as a word when the attached morphemes are removed. e.g. unbreakable;
friendship

Bound bases:

never occur on their own and can be joined to other morphemes. e.g. sentiment, occur,
monogamy

EXECERCISE

Underline the bases in the words.

womanly 2. endear 3. failure 4. famous 5. infamous 6. lighten 7. enlighten 8. friendship 9.

befriend 10. Bostonian 11. unlikely 12. prewar 13. subway 14. falsify 15. unenlivened

A: LIVEN

1 MORPHEMES 4
 Exercise 8-5 (p.90) Write the meaning of the italicized BOUND BASES.

CORP BODY; PEND- HANG; MANU: HAND

1.5 AFFIXES

AN AFFIX

a bound morpheme occurring before, within, or after a base

1 MORPHEMES 5
 PREFIXES

ARE THOSE BOUND MORPHEMES THAT OCCUR BEFORE A BASE

E 88 MEANING OF PREFIXES

1 MORPHEMES 6
 A

Exercise 8-10 (p.95) Make each list into a word.

1 MORPHEMES 7
 A

DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL

1 MORPHEMES 8
 1.6 INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME

THE SCHEMA OF THE INFLECTIONAL AFFIXES

CHARACTERISTICS

The characteristics:

1 MORPHEMES 9
 Do not change the part of speech,
Come last in a word,
Go with all stems,

Do not pile up.

EXERCISE

1.7 DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES

e.g. unhappy, inconvenient, replay adornment, failure, lecturer

Derivational affixes can change the meaning or the word class of the words/ bases which they are
added to.
Derivational prefixes can change the word meaning.
Derivational suffixes can change the word forms.

can be bound morphemes (prefix, suffix). change the meaning and the word class of the ones which
they are attached to. do not close off a word. create new dictionary items lexical morphemes.

EXERCISE 8-12 DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES

1 MORPHEMES 10
 1.8 SUFFIXAL HOMOPHONE
ER: COMPARATIVE, NOUN, Repetition

1 MORPHEMES 11
1 MORPHEMES 12
1 MORPHEMES 13
1 MORPHEMES 14
1 MORPHEMES 15
 1.9 NOUN FEMININE FORM

1 MORPHEMES 16
 1.10 NOUN DIMINUTIVE FORM

the morphemes convey a meaning of smallest or endearment ot both

1 MORPHEMES 17
 WORDS LIST

WORD CREATED DATE EXAMPLE

pediatrician/paediatrician @February 5, 2023 9:51 PM

How much champagne will we need for the launch? MY MAIN RESPOnSIBILITY is to

LAUNCH @February 5, 2023 9:46 PM
promote new products ahead of their launch

Administrative Staff @February 5, 2023 9:42 PM

oversee @February 5, 2023 9:41 PM As marketing manager, her job is to oversee all the company's advertising.

entail @February 5, 2023 9:37 PM My job entails organizing my boss’s affairs

TAKE THE MINUTES

@January 17, 2023 10:08 AM
AT THE MEETING

feminine @February 15, 2023 9:17 AM Her clothes are always very feminine.

masculine @February 15, 2023 9:22 AM :a masculine appearance/voice

diminutive @February 15, 2023 9:17 AM Her friends call her Margaret, never using diminutives such as Maggie.

competence @February 22, 2023 12:02 PM

competent @February 22, 2023 1:18 PM

inferior @February 22, 2023 1:40 PM

sarcasm @February 22, 2023 1:44 PM

imperative @February 22, 2023 5:01 PM

ubiquitous @February 22, 2023 5:04 PM

interpretation @February 22, 2023 5:11 PM

equivalent @February 22, 2023 5:35 PM

indigenous @February 22, 2023 5:43 PM

overarching @February 22, 2023 5:56 PM

forensic (auditor) @February 25, 2023 8:24 AM

1 MORPHEMES 18
 WORD CREATED DATE EXAMPLE

chateau @February 25, 2023 8:38 AM

hedge fund @February 25, 2023 8:38 AM

INTERIOR @February 25, 2023 8:50 AM

CROP UP @February 25, 2023 8:58 AM

REWARDING @February 25, 2023 9:00 AM

GIVE ME A RING @February 25, 2023 9:01 AM

ENTAIL @February 25, 2023 9:02 AM MY JOB ENTAILS ORGANIZING MY BOSS’S AFFAIRS

PEDIATRICIAN @February 25, 2023 9:07 AM

Children from an
UNDERPRIVILEGED @February 25, 2023 9:15 AM
underprivileged family background are statistically more likely to become involved in crime

GRAPEVINE @February 25, 2023 9:15 AM I heard through the grapevine that they fired him – is that true?

APPARENTLY @February 25, 2023 9:32 AM Apparently it's going to rain today.

1 MORPHEMES 19