• is the estimation of the magnitude of

some attribute of an object, such as

its length, weight, relative to a unit of
measurement
• it involves using a measuring
instrument which is calibrated to
compare the object to some
standard, such as meter or a
kilogram.
• Means counting the unit of measures
in whatever is being measured.
• It is the process of comparing an
unknown quantity with a standard;
counting the numbers of units
contained in a quantity.
• It is essential in industry, commerce,
engineering, construction,
manufacturing, pharmaceutical
production, and electronics.
Physical Quantities
• Unit that describes the size of the
quantity.
• Number gives us the count of
times the unit is contained in the
quantity being measured.
1. Fundamental Quantities
• It is the simplest form of physical
quantities.
• Units that are use to describe
fundamental quantities are
called fundamental units.
 The Seven Base SI Units
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Temperature kelvin K
Time second s
Amount of mole mol
Substance
Luminous Intensity candela cd
Electric Current ampere a
2. Derived Quantities
• These are the combination of two
or more fundamental quantities.
• Units are used to described them
are called derived units.
 Derived SI Units (examples)
Quantity unit Symbol
Volume cubic meter m3
Density kilograms per kg/m3
cubic meter
Speed meter per second m/s
Newton kg m/ s2 N
Energy Joule (kg m2/s2) J
Pressure Pascal (kg/(ms2) Pa
• METRIC SYSTEM (SYSTEM
INTERNATIONAL,SI)
• ENGLISH SYSTEM
 SI Unit Prefixes - Part I
Name Symbol Factor
tera- T 1012
giga- G 109
mega- M 106
kilo- k 103
hecto- h 102
deka- da 101
 SI Unit Prefixes- Part II

Name Symbol Factor

deci- d 10-1
centi- c 10-2
milli- m 10-3
micro- μ 10-6
nano- n 10-9
pico- p 10-12
femto- f 10-15
COMMON EQUIVALENT OF CERTAIN UNITS IN SI
AND ENGLISH (MASS)
1 kilogram (kg) 1000 grams (g)
1 gram (g) 1000 milligrams (mg)
1 kilogram (kg) 2.2 pounds (lb)
1 pound (lb) 16 ounces (oz)
1 ton (ton) 2000 pounds (lb)
1 quart 0.9464 kilograms (kg)
1 quart 0.9464 Liters (L)
1 Liter (L) 1000 milliliters (mL)
1 milliliter (mL) 1 (cubic centimeter) cm3
COMMON EQUIVALENT OF CERTAIN UNITS IN SI
AND ENGLISH (TIME)
1 year (yr) 365 days (day)
1 day (day) 24 Hours (hr)
1 hour (hr) 60 minutes (min)
1 minute (min) 60 seconds (sec)
COMMON EQUIVALENT OF CERTAIN UNITS IN SI
AND ENGLISH (TIME)
1 year (yr) 365 days (day)
1 day (day) 24 Hours (hr)
1 hour (hr) 60 minutes (min)
1 minute (min) 60 seconds (sec)
Our friends in Vancouver would like to know what the Boston
temperature of 72o F is in Celsius.
Given: T = 72o F
Required: T in o C
Solution: Using the formula of o C= (o F-32) 5/9
o C= (72 - 32) 5/9

o C= (40) 5/9 = 200/9

o C= 22.22
• Common method used is the factor-label method
Given Quantity x Conversion Factor = Desired Quantity
Example
1. Student mass 100 lbs. and 6 ft. tall. What is his mass in kg
and height in meters?
Given: Mass= 100lb
Required: mass in kg, Conversion Factor: 1kg= 2.2lbs
Sol’n: 100lb x 1kg/2.2 lbs= 45.45 kg
1. How many pounds does 2.00 kg of cheese weigh?
2. How many mL are in 0.50 quarts?
3. A sample of iron has a volume of 48.2 cm3. Given the density
of iron is 7.874 g/cm3, what is its mass?
ACCURACY
• Refers to the closeness of a measured value to a
standard or known value.
Example:
A student measures a test tube, she reported 15g in
mass, but the actual mass of the test was 32g.
Therefore, the recorded mass is NOT an accurate
data.
PRECISION
• Refers to the closeness of two or more
measurements to each other.
Example:
A student measures the following temperature 40.3
degree Celcius, 41 degree Celcius and 40 degree
Celcius. The data given are precise.
PRECISION
• Refers to the closeness of two or more
measurements to each other.
Example:
A student measures the following temperature 40.3
degree Celcius, 41 degree Celcius and 40 degree
Celcius. The data given are precise.
Error- An error may be defined as the difference
between the measured value and the actual value
1.) Systematic Error
• Error which tend to shift all measurements in a
systematic way so their mean value is displaced.
• This may be due to such things as incorrect
calibration of equipment, consistently improper use
of equipment or failure to properly account for some
effect.
• This error will always be present because for
example, no instrument can be calibrated perfectly.
2. Random errors
• Fluctuate from one measurement to the next
• They yield results distributed about some mean
value.
• The significant figures of a (measured or calculated)
quantity are the meaningful digits in it.
• It is the inclusion of all digits whether it is certain or
uncertain.
1.) Non Zero Digits- all non zero digits are
considered to be significant.
Ex. 123-
1856-
111887-
2.) Captive Zeros- zeros between non zero digits are
considered .
Ex. 8.09 –
80.9 –
100.9 –
3.) Leading Zeros- zeros to the left of the first non-
zero digit are not considered significant.
Ex. 0.000000072 -
0.000000702 –
0.000007002 -
4.) Trailing Zeros- zeros at the end of a number and
to the right of decimal point are significant.
Ex. 0.500 -
125.00 –
3.000000000 -
5.) Final Zeros- zeros at the end of a number that
lies to the left of an understood decimal point
may/may not be considered significant.
Ex. 200-
5000-
• A convenient way of writing very small or very
large numbers.
• To write in scientific notation, follow the form
N x 10a
Where N is a number between 1 and 10, but not
10 itself.
a is an integer (positive or negative)
Example.
A. For number larger than 1
Write 312,000,000,000 in scientific notation
3.12x1011
Example
B. For number less than 1
Write 0.00000031 in scientific notation.
3.1x10-7