Umandal ,Mark Renniel I.
11-ROENTGEN
A STUDY ABOUT NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND HOW DEADLY IT IS
Reference
Linh Schroeder,(2018) “The
ICRC and the Red Cross and
Red Crescent Movement:
Working Towards a Nuclear-
Free World since 1945”
https://doi.org/
10.1080/25751654.2018.1450
623
Eugene W.(2017) The
Einstein Letter, Project
History Profiles
Richard W.(2022),The
Devastating Effects of Nuclear produce different kinds of
Weapons ,MIT press reader
https://
thereader.mitpress.mit.edu
Alex W.(2018)This is exactly
how nuclear war would kill
you, VOX press reader
https://www.vox.com/
platform/amp/future-perfect/
2018/10/19/17873822/
nuclear-war-weapons-bombs-
how-kill
Key points and valuable
Information
ICRC and Crescent Movement International Committee of the
made global effort to free the Red Cross (ICRC) and the
world from nuclear weapons.
Einstein letter to President
Roosevelt change the world
by making the first atomic
bomb in 1945.
One nuclear explosion can
medical problems and might
produce 10,000 cases of
severe burn.
According to Alexandra Bell
“The chance is not zero
because nuclear weapons
exist”
In-text citation
APA
International Red Cross and
Red Crescent Movement as a
whole have been contributing
to the global efforts towards a
world free of nuclear weapons
since the first use of the
atomic bomb over 70 years
ago in Hiroshima. It reminds
that the principles and rules of
International Humanitarian
Law (IHL) apply to nuclear
weapons, and highlights the
humanitarian consequences of
their use.(Linh.S 2018)
The Einstein lettter to
President Roosevelt changed
the course of history by
prompting American
government involvement in
nuclear research. The letter led
to the establishment of the
Manhattan Project. By the
summer of 1945, the United
States had built the world’s
first atomic bomb.(Eugene
W.2017)
A single nuclear explosion
might produce 10,000 cases of
severe burns requiring
specialized medical treatment;
in an all-out war there could
be several million such case.
(Richard W.2022)
Alexandra Bell, a nuclear
expert at the Center for Arms
Control and Non-Proliferation.
“The chance is not zero
because nuclear weapons
exist,” she says. And the
damage would be
incalculable; all it takes is just
one strike to conceivably kill
hundreds of thousands of
people within minutes and
perhaps millions more in the
following days, weeks, and
years.(Alex W.2018)
Thomas B.C.(2022) Nuclear
Weapon, Britannica
https://www.britannica.com/
technology/nuclear-weapon
Stephanie P.(2022)What
happens when a nuclear bomb
explodes?, Tia Ghose press
https://
www.livescience.com/what-
happens-in-nuclear-bomb-
blast
Jarus O.(2022)Most powerful
nuclear weapon explosions,
livescience
https://
www.livescience.com/most-
powerful-nuclear-explosions
Fiona M.(2022)How far away
The comparison of nuclear
weapons to TNT is massive.
The atomic bomb drop on
Hiroshima, Japan is about
64kg and the released energy
equaling to 15 kilotons of
chemical explosive.
The possible damage of
nuclear bombs is devastating.
Radiation can affect the life
and different kinds of
organism nearly to blast zone,
it also contaminate the air
resulting to different kinds of
diseases.
Tsar Bomba is the most
powerful nuclear ever
exploded,on Oct.30,1961
made by Soviet Union.
In such distance the effect of
Nuclear weapons produce
enormous explosive energy.
Their significance may best be
appreciated by the coining of
the words kiloton (1,000 tons)
and megaton (1,000,000 tons)
to describe their blast energy
in equivalent weights of the
conventional chemical
explosive TNT. For example,
the atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima, Japan, in 1945,
containing only about 64 kg
(140 pounds) of highly
enriched uranium, released
energy equaling about 15
kilotons of chemical
explosive. That blast
immediately produced a
strong shock wave, enormous
amounts of heat, and lethal
ionizing radiation.(Thomas
B.C.2022)
Radiation is the secondary,
and much more insidious,
consequence of a nuclear
blast. The fission bombs
dropped on Japan created
local fallout, according to
"Nuclear Choices for the
Twenty-First Century," but
modern thermonuclear
weapons blast radioactive
material high into the
stratosphere (the middle layer
of Earth's atmosphere),
allowing for global fallout.
The level of fallout depends
on whether the bomb is
detonated above the ground in
an air blast, which worsens
global fallout but dampens the
immediate effect at ground
zero, or on the ground, which
limits the global impact but is
devastating for the immediate
area.(Stephanie P.2022)
On Oct. 30, 1961, the Soviet
Union dropped the most
powerful nuclear weapon ever
exploded on the archipelago
of Novaya Zemlya, north of
the arctic circle. Yielding an
explosion of 50 megatons the
"Tsar Bomba," as it is
sometimes called, was about
3,300 times more powerful
than the 15 kilotons nuclear
weapon dropped on
Hiroshima.(Jarus O. 2022)
People up to 21 km (13 miles)
you need to survive Nuclear
blast?
https://
www.sciencealert.com/video-
explains-how-far-away-
would-you-need-to-be-to-
survive-a-nuclear-blast/amp
Md. Aslam H.(2017)How
much area can a Nuclear
Bomb Destroy? Geopolitics
press
https://thegeopolitics.com/a-
nuclear-bomb/
William A.(2022)How much
damage does a nuclear
weapon do?
https://
www.livescience.com/what-
happens-in-nuclear-bomb-
blast
Disha K.(2022) Explained:
Whether a nuclear bomb can
destroy a whole country or
not, Hitc press
https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/
2022/02/25/can-a-nuclear-
bomb-destroy-a-whole-
country/?amp
the explosion is unimaginable,
people in 13 miles away can
experience blindness and
people up to 52.8 miles can be
temporarily blinded.
The effect of nuclear bomb
may depend on speed,
direction of the wind, weather
conditions and terrain. But in
the end the effect of nuclear
bomb is unimaginable.
Using 300 kiloton nuclear
bomb over 1million people
would be killed if it is drop to
New York City.
In the matter of numbers
15,000 nuclear weapons from
different countries can
possibly destroy the humanity
and put it to the end.
away would experience flash
blindness on a clear day, and
people up to 85 km (52.8
miles) away would be
temporarily blinded on a clear
night.
Heat is an issue for those
closer to the blast. Mild, first-
degree burns can occur up to
11 km (6.8 miles) away, and
third-degree burns – the kind
that destroy and blister skin
tissue – could affect anyone
up to 8 km (5 miles) away.
(Fiona M. 2022)
As of today, nine countries
hold a total of 15000 nuclear
weapons according to ICAN
(International Campaign to
Abolish Nuclear Weapons)
which are more than enough
to end the civilization and life
on Earth as we know it.
However, the effects of a
nuclear explosion depend on
many things i.e. the speed and
direction of the wind, weather
conditions, terrain. If we want
to understand how much area
or land a nuclear bomb
destroys, we have to know the
nature of different kinds of
nuclear weapons.(Md. Aslam
2017)
Just over one million people
would be killed if a 300-
kiloton nuclear bomb were to
be dropped on New York
City, while a further two
million people would be left
injured. In the US' capital city,
Washington DC, there would
be approximately 350,000
fatalities, with around 600,000
people injured.(William
A.2022)
As of 2022, nine countries in
the world including the United
States, Russia, France, China,
United Kingdom, Pakistan,
India, Israel, and North Korea
possess close to 15000 nuclear
weapons.(Disha K.2022)
Umandal,Mark Renniel I. 11-ROENTGEN

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This study was designed to engage into nuclear weapons and how it can create

deadly outcome. Different studies shown that nuclear weapons can build massive

destruction to humanity and can nearly end up the life of the whole planet Earth.

The first atomic bomb idea was first introduce by Albert Einstein ,who make it

possible by the president of the United States, President Roosevelt. In 1945 the first atomic

bomb was built by United States according to Manhattan Project (Eugene,2017).On August

1945 this atomic bomb was dropped to two cities of Japan ,Nagasaki and Hiroshima

resulting to massive destruction and fatalities (Davenport, 2022).It contains 64kg (140

pounds) of highly enriched uranium, released energy equaling about 15 kilotons of

chemical explosive. The blast immediately produced a strong shock wave, enormous

amounts of heat, and lethal ionizing radiation (Thomas,2022).After the bombing, Soviet

Union followed the path of making nuclear weapons and they come up with “Tsar Bomba”

the most powerful nuclear ever exploded on October 30,1961(Jarus,2022).

In modern era different powerful countries like United States, Russia, France,

China, United Kingdom, Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea build their own nuclear

weapons approximately 15,000 in total (Disha,2022). This modern nuclear weapons is more

powerful than the first atomic bomb invented ,it consists different chemicals that are more

destructive and possibly end the civilization (Md.Aslam,2017). According to Alexandra Bell

cited by Alex (2018) “The chance is not zero because nuclear weapons exist” ,so it is

possible that human civilization may end up through nuclear weapons.

One nuclear explosion can create 10,000 severe burn in just a matter of time

(Richard,2022).It might also produce devastating damage. Radiation can affect the life of

different kinds of organism nearly to blast zone, it also contaminate the air resulting to

different kinds of medical issues(Stephanie,2022). People up to 21 km (13 miles) away

would experience flash blindness on a clear day, and people up to 85 km (52.8 miles) away

would be temporarily blinded on a clear night(Fiona,2022).In experimentation of

livescience a 300kiloton nuclear bomb would killed over 1 million people if it is drop to

New York City(William,2022). The effect of nuclear bomb may depend on speed, direction
of the wind, weather conditions and terrain. But in the end the effect of nuclear bomb is

unimaginable (Md. Aslam,2017).

It was shown that it’s possible that nuclear weapons can end up the humanity and

civilization, that’s why different groups like International Committee of the Red Cross

(ICRC) and Red Crescent Movement made a global effort towards a free nuclear world

(Schroeder,2018). According to UN organization, In it’s very first resolution-the Assembly

established the Atomic Energy Commission, composed of the Security Council Members

give specific proposals to ensure the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes

only(Marin-Bosch,2021). U.N. treaty outlawing nuclear weapons went into effect on Friday,

having been ratified by at least 50 countries. But the ban is largely symbolic. The ban

prohibits countries from producing, testing, acquiring, possessing or stockpiling nuclear

weapons(Chappell,2021). According to Jen Maman (2018), there are 5 reasons to ban

nuclear power today: Nuclear weapons cause catastrophic harm ,Nuclear weapons are

pointless, Nuclear weapons cost us a fortune, Nuclear weapons carry huge proliferation

risks ,Nuclear weapons are the only weapons of mass destruction which have not yet been

(really) banned. For more than 75 years, almost half of the ICRC’s 158 years of existence,

we have been advocating for the elimination of nuclear weapons for one simple reason: We

do not believe they can be used without inflicting significant death and suffering among

civilian. It’s more than 75 years for ICRC's advocating for the elimination of nuclear

weapons that’s why on January 22, 2021, it is the day Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear

Weapons comes into force(Mardini,2021).

Literature reviews shows that the end of humanitarian civilization is possible due to

modernization of different nuclear weapons and building more destructive nukes. The

outcome may be a tragedy if nuclear wars happen in the future, nukes destructive power is

unimaginable.