FactShots - Current Affairs Revision Module

FactShots - Current Affairs Revision Module - PRELIMS 2023

Revise and brush up all the current affairs happenings over the past year in a quick revision format.
Designed in a UNIQUE revision format, revise entire current affairs in very less time. : Arranged theme and
subjectwise modules helps you to learn efficiently can aid in better understanding and retention of the
material.

THEME : INDIAN POLITY

JANUARY 2022 - MARCH 2023

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 FactShots - Current Affairs Revision Module

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 Acts / Bills
1.2 Rights/DPSP, Etc
1.3 Panels/Committees/Commissions
1.4 Issues related to Parliament & State legislature
1.5 Judgments
1.6 Judicial Doctrines
1.7 Centre-State Relations
1.8 Issues related to Local Self Government
1.9 Issues related to Election
1.10 Issues related to Governance
1.11 Constitutional, Statutory, Executive and Other Bodies
1.12 Government Schemes, Programs, Projects, Missions, etc. in News
1.13 Judgements, Judicial Pronouncements, Doctrines etc. in News
1.14 Legislature, Executive, etc in News
1.15 Miscellaneous Issues in News

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 FactShots - Current Affairs Revision Module
Doctrines of Judiciary
Doctrine Summary
Doctrine of Pith and Incidental effects or encroachments are
substance permissible at times, keeping true
nature & substance in mind.
Doctrine of If something can’t be done directly, it
Colourable Legislation can’t be done indirectly. This applies in
cases where the legislature seeks to do
in an indirect manner which it cannot do
directly.
Doctrine of Executive authority is given powers by
Delegated Legislation primary legislation to make laws or
other similar instruments.
Doctrine of Necessity Used to justify the violation of rights or
extra-constitutional by the state in
extreme situations to restore peace and
stability.
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Application
• State of Bombay Vs. F.N. Balsara case: Bombay
Prohibition Act was held valid by the court because it
was in its pith and substance and fell under the State
List though it was impacting the import of liquor, a
subject in the union list.
• State of Bihar v. Kameshwar Singh Case: The Court
applied the concept of the Doctrine of Colorable Law to
declare Bihar Land Reforms Act 1950 as illegal.
• Though the law was brought to lay down the principle
of compensation, it laid down no such principle and
therefore deprived the petitioner of any compensation.
• D.S. Gerewal v State of Punjab, 1959: Court had
applied this doctrine to declare that the All India Service
Act, 1951 was constitutional.
• It was held that there is nothing mentioned in Article 312
of the Indian Constitution that takes away the power of
delegation.
• Gullapalli Nageshwar Rao vs State of Andhra
Pradesh: The court ruled that this doctrine has to be
invoked but only in exceptional cases.
Theme : INDIAN POLITY
 FactShots - Current Affairs Revision Module
Doctrine of Pleasure Except for the provisions provided by
the Constitution, the civil servants hold
the office at the pleasure of the
President or the Governor as the case
may be.
Doctrine of Eclipse Fundamental rights infringing pre-
constitutional law will only be deemed
unenforceable, not declared null or void
from the start.
Doctrine of If any of the laws enforced are
Severability inconsistent with the provisions of
fundamental rights, then the courts will
treat only the objectionable provision as
unlawful and not the entire law.
Doctrine of Any legislature can pass legislation on
Territorial Nexus issues outside its territorial jurisdiction
only if it creates a territorial nexus.
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• Union of India v. Balbir Singh: The Supreme Court held
that it had the power to examine the satisfaction on the
basis of which the President or the Governor dismissed
a public servant.
• If the satisfaction is unrelated to the security of the State
then it would be considered irrelevant and the Court can
hold such dismissal invalid.
• Bhikaji vs State of MP case 1955: The doctrine of the
eclipse was applied in this case.
• Provisions of the CP and Berar motor vehicle
amendment act 1947, were infringing the 19(1)(g). The
court held that we will not make the full act void but
eclipse those provisions which are violative of Article 19
(1) (g).
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• Tata Iron And Steel Company vs. Bihar State: The
state of Bihar passed a Sales Tax Act for the levy of
sales tax.
• But after that, the Issue arises whether the sale was
concluded within the state or outside if the goods were
Theme : INDIAN POLITY
 FactShots - Current Affairs Revision Module
Doctrine of The powers that are not given directly
Implied Powers by a Constitution to a certain authority
like parliament or the Supreme Court.
However, it is assumed that these
powers are required for the proper
discharge of the obligations set forth in
the Constitution.
Doctrine of It indicates that if a legislative body has
Incidental or Ancillary the power to legislate on a particular
powers matter, then they have the power to
legislate on ancillary or connected
topics, reasonably related to that
matter.
Doctrine of Precedent Hierarchy or precedence is established
by Article 141 of the Indian Constitution
which states that laws or decisions
declared by the Supreme Court are
binding on all courts within the territory
of India.
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produced, found and manufactured in the state. But the
court held there was sufficient territorial nexus and
upheld the Act as valid.
• Bidi Leaves and Tobacco Merchant’s Association v.
The State of Bombay: In this case, the Supreme Court
talked about the applicability of the Doctrine of Implied
Powers.
• According to the court, this doctrine of implied power
can only be invoked where the material provision of the
Act would be impossible to enforce without the said
power.
•
• State of Rajasthan v. G Chawla (1958): In this case, the
Supreme court held that “The power to legislate on a
topic of legislation carries with it the power to legislate
on an ancillary issue that can be regarded to be
reasonably covered by the authority granted.
• Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum Case: It was
held that the Supreme Court’s interpretation of religious
texts is a binding precedent.
Theme : INDIAN POLITY
 FactShots - Current Affairs Revision Module

In case of any inconsistency between
Doctrine of statutes, proper harmonisation is to be
Harmonious done between the conflicting parts so
Construction that one part does not defeat the purpose
of another.
Sri Shankari Prasad Singh Deo Vs Union of India, 1951: Court
used the Harmonious Construction Rule to bring harmonisation
between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State
Policy.
• It was determined that Fundamental Rights and Directive
Principles of State Policy are two sides of the same coin
that must be worked together for the greater good.
• In the case, it was held that the Fundamental rights may
be revoked under certain circumstances and modified by
Parliament to bring them into compliance with
constitutional provisions.

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AFFAIRS QUICK REVISION MODULE.

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