Assignment 1: Set Theory [Last submission Date 16 th Jan, 2021]

1. List the elements of each set where N = {1, 2, 3, …}.

(i) A = {x ∈ N| 3 < x < 9}
(ii) B = {x ∈ N| x is even, x < 11}
(iii) C = {x ∈ N| 4 + x = 3}

2. Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5}.

(i) Show that A is not a subset of B = {x ∈ N| x is even}.
(ii) Show that A is a proper subset of C = {1, 2, 3, . . ., 8, 9}.

3. Each student in Liberal Arts at some college has a mathematics requirement A and a
science requirement B. A poll of 140 sophomore students shows that: 60 completed A, 45
completed B, 20 completed both A and B. Use a Venn diagram to find the number of
students who have completed:
(i) At least one of A and B;
(ii) exactly one of A or B;
(iii) neither A nor B.

4. In a survey of 120 people, it was found that: 65 read Newsweek magazine, 20 read both
Newsweek and Time, 45 read Time, 25 read both Newsweek and Fortune, 42 read Fortune,
15 read both Time and Fortune, 8 read all three magazines.
(i) Find the number of people who read at least one of the three magazines.
(ii) Fill in the correct number of people in each of the eight regions of the Venn diagram in
Fig. 1 where N, T, and F denote the set of people who read Newsweek, Time, and
Fortune, respectively.
(iii) Find the number of people who read exactly one magazine.

Fig. 1

5. Write the dual of each equation:

(a) A = (BC ∩ A) ∪ (A ∩ B)
(b) (A ∩ B) ∪ (AC ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ BC) ∪ (AC ∩ BC) = U
6. Use the laws in Table 1-1 to prove each set identity:
(a) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ BC) = A
(b) A ∪ B = (A ∩ BC) ∪ (AC ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B)

7. What is the power set of the empty set? What is the power set of the set {∅}?

8. What do the statements ∀x ∈ R (x2 ≥ 0) and ∃x ∈ Z (x2 = 1) mean?

9. Let A, B and C be sets, show that A ∪(B ∩C)=(C ∪ B)∩ A .

10. Find union and intersection of bit strings of sets A= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and B={1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ?

11. Justify, which of the following option is the correct interpretation of the formula:

p ∨q ∧ r ↔ q → ¬r

(A) (( p ∨(q ∧ r)) ↔q) →(¬r )

(B) ((p ∨ q)∧ r )↔ q ¿ →(¬r )
(C) ( p ∨(q ∧r ))↔(q →(¬ r ))
(D) ( p ∨((q ∧ r) ↔ q)) →(¬r )
Q. 12. Construct truth tables for the following formulas:

1.( p ∨q) ∧¬ p
2.( p ∧q) ∨(¬ p ∧¬ q)
3.( p ∨q ∨ ¬r )∧ r

Q.13 Write Converse, Inverse and Contrapositive of the following statement:

If it snows, the traffic moves slowly.

Q.14 Which of these are propositions? What are the truth values of those that are propositions??

a. Do not pass go.

b. What time is it?
c. The moon is made of green cheese.
d. Today is not Thursday.
e. Answer this question.
e. There is no pollution in New jersey.
e. 2n ≥50

Q.15 Let p, q and r be the propositions

p: You get an A on the final exam

q: You do every exercise in this book.
r: You get an A in this class.
Write the following propositions using p, q, and r and logical connectives.

a. You get an A in this class, but you do not do every exercise in this book.
b. You get an A on the final, you do every exercise in this book, and you get an A in this class.
c. To get an A in this class, it is necessary for you to get an A on the final.
d. You get an A on the final, but you don’t do every exercise in this book; nevertheless, you get
an A in this class.
e. Getting an A on the final and doing every exercise in this book is sufficient for getting an A
in this class.
f. You will get an A in this class if and only if you either do every exercise in this book or you
get an A on the final.

Q.16 Write each of these statements in the form "if p, then q" in English.

a. It is necessary to wash the boss’s car to get promoted.

b. Winds from the south imply a spring thaw.
c. A sufficient condition for the warranty to be good is that you bought the computer less than a year ago.
d. Willy gets caught whenever he cheats.
e. You can access the website only if you pay a subscription fee.
f. Getting elected follows from knowing the right people.
g. Carol gets seasick whenever she is on a boat.

Q.17: Test the validity of each argument using truth table

(i) p ∨q , r ⇒ s , p ∨ r , s ⊢ q
(ii) p ⇔q ,∼ p ∨q ,∼r ⊢∼ q
(iii) p ⇒∼ q , r ⇒ p , q ⊢∼ r

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