OLIVARIAN 103

INTRODUCTION
TO SPEAKING
by Group 2
Thinking about Speaking...

What is speaking?

Why do we speak?
What do we speak?
How do we speak?
Why teach speaking?

What is the process of speaking?

What is Speaking is the delivery of language
Speaking? through the mouth. To speak, we create
sounds using many parts of our body,
including the lungs, vocal tract, vocal
chords, tongue, teeth and lips.

Speaking is the second of the four language skills, which are:

1. Listening
2. Speaking
3. Reading
4. Writing
Speaking can be formal or informal:

Formal speaking occurs in business or academic

situations, or when meeting people for the first
time.

Informal speaking is typically used with family

and friends, or people you know well.
Speaking is an act of making vocal sounds.

Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that

involves producing and receiving and processing information.
(Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997).

Its form and meaning are dependent on the context in which it occurs
including the participants, their collective experiences, the physical
environment, and the purposes for speaking.

Speaking skills are skills that give us the ability to communicate

effectively.

Speaking skills also help to assure that one won’t be misunderstood by

those who are listening.
Why do we speak?
We speak for…

Inform
This type o
f speaking is
most comm the
on and happe
most people n s to
daily. It invo
speaking in o lves
rder to info
others, or g rm
et informat
out. This ca ion
n be academ
professional ic or
knowledge,
can also be but
to report y
progress on our
a project, o
someone ho r t ell
w to use
something.
 We speak to…

Entertain
Public speaking for
entertainment is used for award
ceremonies, wedding speeches,
comedy sketches, poetry reading,
and much more. The purpose of
this type of public speaking is to
entertain the audience, instead of
merely informing.
We speak to…
PersuaDE
Public spe
be in ord a king will o
er to pe ften
This can r suade ot
be in a h ers.
formal sp debate o
eech, but r
minor per can also
suasions be
to a pl such as
ace you going
lunch. Pe choose
rsuasive for
is a very public spe
valuable s aking
kill to ha
ve.
 of Speaking
Importance
 Speaking Improves and
Boosts Your
Confidence
One benefit
which demonstrates
the importance of
public speaking in our
daily lives is that it
helps us face our
fears.
Speaking Improves Critical
Thinking
Another benefit that
demonstrates the importance
of public speaking in our daily
livesis that helps develop critical
thinking skills, particularly if you
need to prepare a speech.
 Speaking Creates
New Social
When you s pe a k in p ub lic , Connections.
w it h p eo p le .
you engage
wit h o t he rs
Engaging
a g a in t h e
demonstrates
pu bl ic s pe a k in g
importance of
in our daily live s.
1. Brainstorming

2. Speaking with the format: The IBC

3. Aiming to persuasion
WHAT to speak?
4. Perfect clarity of thoughts
 What you say…
Honesty
Authenticity
How to speak? Integrity
Love

The way you say it…

Register Speed
Timbre Pauses
Prosody Volume
Why teach

Speaking
it allows us
to communic
with others ate
and express
thoughts our
and feelings
.
STAGES OF THE
Speaking
Process
 Stages of the Speaking Process
Conceptualization Articulation

Self-monitoring
Formulation
 STAGE 1: CONCEPTUALIZATION
This is when a speaker spontaneously thinks of
what he or she is going to say. It is an immediate
reaction to external stimuli and is often based on
prior knowledge of the particular subject.

No premeditation goes into these words and they

are all formulated based upon the speaker’s
knowledge and experience at hand. It is
spontaneous speech.
 STAGE 2: FORMULATION
This is when the speaker thinks of the particular
words that are going to express their thoughts. It
occurs almost simultaneously with the
conceptualization stage.

However, this time the speaker thinks about the

response before responding. The speaker is
formulating his or her words and deciding how best to
reply to the external stimuli. Where conceptualization
is more of an instant and immediate response,
formulation is a little delayed.
 STAGE 3: ARTICULATION
This is when the speaker physically says what
he or she has thought of saying. This is a
prepared speech or planned wordage. In addition,
the words may have been rehearsed such as
when someone practices a presentation or
rehearses a lie.

It involves the training of physical actions of

several motor speech organs such as the lungs,
larynx, tongue, lips, and other vocal apparatuses.
 STAGE 4: SELF-MONITORING
This is when the speaker reflects on what he or
she has said and makes an effort to correct
any errors in his or her speech. Often times this
is done in a rebuttal or last words argument.

In addition, it could also be done during a

conversation when the speaker realizes that he
or she slipped up. This is the action of reflecting
on what you said and making sure that what you
said is what you meant.
 GROUP 2

“Let thy speech

be better than
silence, or be
silent.”