A Study On Waste Management and Its Reprocessing Unit

A STUDY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ITS REPROCESSING UNIT
Project report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
by
ARJUN.Y
(21MBA022)
Under the guidance of
DR.P.ANUSHA PRABHA
Asst. Professor
OCTOBER 2022
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (PG)
HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE (Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi and Affiliated to Bharathiar University)
(ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution)
Behind Nava India, Coimbatore – 641028
2022- 2023
CERTIFICATE
This to certify that the Project report, entitled “ A STUDY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ITS
REPROCESSING UNIT” , submitted to the Bharathiar University, Coimbatore in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION is a record of original research work done by ARJUN.Y ( 21MBA022 )
during the period June 2022 to July 2022 under my supervision and guidance and the report has
not formed the basis for the award of any Degree / Diploma / Associateship / Fellowship or other
similar title of any candidate of any University.
Signature of the Guide
COUNTER SIGNED BY
DIRECTOR PRINCIPAL
VIVA-VOCE EXAMINATION HELD ON -----------------------------------------
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

MODEL FOR TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter Page
Title
No. No.
Certificate
Declaration
Acknowledgement
List of Tables
List of Charts
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of the Study 1

1.2 Industry profile 2
I 1.3 Theoretical Background of Study 3-5
1.4 Reviews 6-12
1.5 Statement of the problem 13
1.6 Objectives of the Study 14
1.7 Scope of the study 15
1.8 Limitations of the Study 16
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Research Design 17

2.2 Population 17
2.3 Sampling Techniques 17
II
2.4 Sampling Size 17
2.5 Source of Data Collection 18
2.6 Tools used for Data Collection 18
2.7 Tools used for Data Analysis 19
2.8 Statistical Tools Used 19
III DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 20-45

`
RESULTS
4.1 Findings 46-47

IV
4.2 Suggestion 48
4.3 Conclusion 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY 50
APPENDIX 51-53
DECLARATION
I, ARJUN.Y ( 21MBA022 ) hereby declare that the project report, entitled “ A STUDY ON WASTE
MANAGEMENT AND ITS REPROCESSING UNIT”, submitted to the Bharthiar University,
Coimbatore in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION is a record of original and independent research work done by
me during April 2020 to June 2020 under the supervision and guidance of Dr.Anusha prabha
Assistant Professor/Associate Professor/ Professor, Department of Business Administration (PG),
Hindusthan College of Arts and Science and it has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree /
Diploma / Associate ship / Fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any University.
Signature of the Candidate

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Any successful completion of task would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made
this possible with constant guidance and encouragement.
I wish to extend my gratitude to our principal Dr. A. PONNUSAMY,MBA., M. Phil. ,Ph.D., Hindustan
college of arts and science for providing the facilities for carrying out this institutional training.
I express my deepest thanks to the Director of PG and Research Department of Management Studies
Dr. B. SUDHAKAR, for his careful and precious guidance and for giving me the opportunity for me to
attend this graceful project.
It is my radiant sentiment to place on record my best regards, deepest sense of gratitude to
DR.P.ANUSHA PRABHA, Assistant Professor, PG and Research Department of Management Studies for
her valuable guidance, advice, support and encouragement to complete this project successfully.
I extend my thanks to all the faculty members of our department for the kind cooperation.
I wish to express my love and affection to my parents for their support to complete this project.
I express my sincere thanks to my friends who also supported and trained me in the software used for
the project.
Lastly, I would like to thank all the staffs and executives of the for welcoming me and granting me the
opportunity to carry out the SRI INDHUMATHI PLASTICS in Tamilnadu project in their esteemed
concern.
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Title
No. No.
1 Plastics are harmful to environment 25
2 Idea of using recycled products 26
3 Frequent customer of market that abolish plastics 27
4 Online shopping helps to reduce plastics 28
5 Prefer reusable bags with attractive design 29
6 Schemes that are place to reduce plastics 30
7 Plastics effects environment 31
8 Help with reducing plastics 32
9 Pollution in area that you living 33
10 Government is doing enough to tackle plastics 34
11 Often go to place and clean 35
12 Documentaries show effects of plastics 36
13 Type of solid waste receive from outside 37
14 Type of container to collect plastics 38
15 Place usually found more plastics 39
16 Often waste container emptied 40
17 State of public bins 41
18 State of solid waste collection 42
19 Importance of recycling 43
LIST OF CHARTS
Table Page
Title
No. No.
1 Plastics are harmful to environment 25
2 Idea of using recycled products 26
3 Frequent customer of market that abolish plastics 27
4 Online shopping helps to reduce plastics 28
5 Prefer reusable bags with attractive design 29
6 Schemes that are place to reduce plastics 30
7 Plastics effects environment 31
8 Help with reducing plastics 32
9 Pollution in area that you living 33
10 Government is doing enough to tackle plastics 34
11 Often go to place and clean 35
12 Documentaries show effects of plastics 36
13 Type of solid waste receive from outside 37
14 Type of container to collect plastics 38
15 Place usually found more plastics 39
16 Often waste container emptied 40
17 State of public bins 41
18 State of solid waste collection 42
19 Importance of recycling 43
CHAPTER I
1.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY
Since their invention in the 20th century, plastics have changed our lives, bringing many benefits but
also huge damage to the environment. The biggest problem with plastics is that many types are incredibly
long lasting and can take hundreds of years to breakdown. This is causing major problems, including the
buildup of plastic pollution across the land and seas. It is estimated that 1.15 to 2.41 million tons of plastic
are entering the ocean each year and this is accumulating into huge offshore zones. The largest is known as
the Great Pacific Garbage Patch which has an estimated surface area of 1.6 million square kilometers Various
methods are available for handling waste plastic, from burial in landfills, to incineration, to recycling into
new products. However, all of these processes have associated environmental impacts, so it can be difficult
to identify the best option. One way to compare the environmental impacts of different processes is a Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a method for quantifying all the different impacts a process may have on
the environment, allowing comparison to other processes. A variety of research has been conducted in this
field, and a range of LCAs have been undertaken on plastic waste management. This study reviews past
works, discussing and comparing the outcomes.
Plastics are a group of semi-synthetic organic compounds which are conventionally synthesized from
fossil fuels, although novel bioplastics can also be synthesized from renewable biomass sources. Plastics
are incredibly resistant to corrosion and are conveniently malleable, hence, can be molded into any form.
With suitable additives, it is possible to vary their opacity, thickness, elasticity, and thermal properties. It is
no wonder that plastic is now an integral part of human civilization. Commonly used plastics can be
broadly classified into two categories: thermoplastics and thermoset plastics. Thermoplastics soften when
heated and thermoset plastics harden with heat, hence maintaining the initial form. For example, soft drink
bottles and PVC pipes are thermoplastics whereas electric kettles, plugs, etc., are made of thermoset
plastics
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1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE
GST number of Sri Indhumathi Plastics is 33BJRPM8158G1ZQ. This is a Proprietorship. This business
was registered under GST on 01/07/2017. This is GST number of Tamil Nadu state.
Business Name SRI INDHUMATHI PLASTICS
PAN Number BJRPM8158G
Sign up for PRO account to check bulk

Address
details and Address.
Pincode 626001
Entity Type Proprietorship
Registration Type Regular
Department Code VIRUDHUNAGAR - III, TN331,

and Type XO0501, VIRUDHUNAGAR - I RANGE
Nature of [u'Factory / Manufacturing'], Factory /

Business Manufacturing
Registration Date 01/07/2017
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1.3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Plastics are non-biodegradable, synthetic polymers derived primarily from petro-fossil feedstock and
made-up of long chain hydrocarbons with additives and can be moulded into finished products excluding
compostable plastic or polymer confirming IS/ISO 17088:2008. These polymers are broken in presence of
suitable catalyst, into monomers such as ethylene, propylene, vinyl, styrene and benzene. These monomers
are then chemically polymerized into different categories of plastics.
As plastic products have varied applications, they’ve become an integral part of everyday life.
Naturally, after their brief use, they’re discarded. Plastic, like every other waste, needs to be disposed of
and managed in the right way.
This is where Plastic Waste Management comes in. In short, plastic waste management is the efficient
and precise conversion of plastic waste into innovative products that are better, environmentally- friendly, and
cost-effective.
Advantages of implementing plastic waste management
• Reduced environmental pollution

• Reduced virgin plastic production
• Reduced toxic waste generation
• Localised employment opportunities
• Energy savings
• Protection of animal species
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle – How It’s All Done

Saahas Zero Waste collects all dry waste including all types of plastic products from multiple client
locations. This waste is taken to an on-site location where it is semi-sorted.
The semi-sorted waste moves on to a Materials Recovery Facility where it is further sorted into specific
waste categories such as, PET, MLP, HDPE, LDPE, etc.
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Every type of plastic waste that’s categorised is then made into bales and prepared for transport to
authorised end destinations. These destinations can be recycling units or cement kilns that use low-grade
plastic waste as fuel.
Currently in India, over 47% of plastic waste is recycled. To push this number higher, it’s imperative
that we reduce consumption on one hand while employing the services of companies like Saahas Zero Waste
for effective waste management.
MAIN CATAGORIES OF PLASTIC
 Recyclable Plastics (Thermoplastics): PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP, PVC, PS, etc.
 Non-Recyclable Plastics (Thermoset & others): Multilayer & Laminated Plastics, PUF,
Bakelite, Polycarbonate, Melamine, Nylon etc.
ISSUES ON DISPOSAL OF PLASTIC WASTE
 Release of fugitive emissions during polymerization process.
 Release of harmful gases such as Carbon Monoxide, Formaldehyde etc. during product
manufacturing.
 Land become infertile due to indiscriminate plastic waste disposal.
 Release of toxic emissions such as Carbon Monoxide, Chlorine, Hydrochloric Acid, Dioxin,
Furans, Amines, Nitrides, Styrene, Benzene, 1, 3- butadiene, CCl4, and Acetaldehyde on
burning of plastics waste including polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
 Leaching of toxic metals into underground water such as Lead and Cadmium pigments due
to indiscriminate dumping of plastic waste on land.
 Multilayer, metalised pouches and other thermoset plastic pose disposal problems.
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 Sub-standard plastic carry bags, thin packaging films etc. pose problem in collection and
recycling and reuse.
 Indiscriminate and littered plastic waste pose unaesthetic look and choke the drain.
 Soiled and mixed plastics waste interferes its beneficial utilisation.
 Unsound of plastic waste and running of recycling industries in non-conforming areas

releases fugitive emissions.
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1.4 LITERATURE REVIEW
Most of the studies have focused on some aspects of plastic industry like environmental impact of
plastic shopping bags, risk faced by plastic industry, adopting new technology in plastic industry,
traditional performance index of plastic industry, plastic debris and steps to support and to enable policy
makers to develop plastic industry. Very few research work has been done on the plastic industry.
1. Yuan-Tien Su (2003) investigated whether Economic Value Added (EVA), could be applied for
the traditional plastic industry in Taiwan stock market and had better Adjusted R 2 with Market Value
Added (MVA) than the traditional performance index, and was a better tool in the decision- making of
investment by the management and in evaluating the value of an enterprise by the investor.
2. Dr. Tuong Thi Hoi (2002) analyzed four plastic manufacturing companies, impact on environment,
their policies and target, standards of emission, waste water, etc in his study. Plastic Industry Environmental
Review: An assessment of the significant environmental aspects and impacts associated with plastic
manufacturing in Ho Chi Min city Vietnam, June 2002. Vietnam cleaner production centre. Dr.Tuong Thi
Hoi concluded the following:
All four plastic companies have not adopted any of the EMS nor environmental policies, environmental
purposes and targets. Companies’ managers and staffs are not aware of significant environmental aspects
related to their company operation and they do not know which environmental standards on emission,
wastewater, noise etc. need compliance. DOSTE had carried out several environmental measurements on air,
water and labor environments at Dat Hoa and Duy Tan. However, the managers of these two companiesdo
not want to show measurement results to the workers or public. Truong Thinh and Tu Hai have never had
any environmental monitoring program carried out by DOSTE.
3,Rhian Tough (2007) used a mixed comparative approach to investigate the environmental impacts
of plastic shopping bags and consumption patterns, in relation to international practice, alternatives to plastic
shopping bag, and policy options. The
mixed comparative approach used in this research was a combination of the philosophies underlying cost
benefit analysis, sustainable development, and triple bottom line reporting, case studies and policy analysis.
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Economic instruments while achieving modest to high reductions in plastic shopping bag use, were
moderately costly, and also face acceptance and implementation constraints. However, due to strong public
pressure for government intervention, and potential implications for future climate change and sustainability
initiatives, it was suggested that economic instruments and regulatory options were the most likely choices
for government policies to address plastic shopping bags.
4. Meng-yi Wang (2007) analyzed the issues concerning risk-bearing issue faced by the public listing
companies in Taiwan's traditional industries, including the food and plastic industries. The study covered
the period from 2001 to 2006, and its results were as follows:
In both the food and plastics industries, if a company had greater operating leverage, it faces greater total
risk and specific risk. If the company had greater shareholding ratio of board directors and greater amountof
assets, it faces less total risk and specific risk.
5. Povl A Hansen, Goran Serin (1993) showed that development of new materials and material shifts
play an increasing role in the development of industrial production. The main issue of this paper wasthe
ability of the industry to adapt to new materials. This study showed that it has been difficult for established
firms in Denmark, both within the plastics industry and outside, to undertake shifts in technology. The study
also showed that firms most open to material adaptation have been firms based on product ideas not on
materials. Another finding was that the Danish plastics industry had been characterized by high growth rates
despite low R&D figures. The reasons for these were on the one hand the ability of Danish plastics firms to
exploit existing know-how and on the other hand the increased specialization of the firms. Furthermore the
study shows that neither institutional R&D nor institutional education had played any noticable role in the
adaptation process of the Danish plastics industry.
6. Steven Landau, Steven Ellis, William Ennen (2000) suggested different components of plastic
manufacturing firms to manage them. One component of the research was to interview plastics company
executives in North Central Massachusetts. A second component of the research was an investigation of
technology and training assistance centers across the United States. The goal was to learn how successful
centers— especially centers that worked with plastics firms similar to the ones in this region— structured
themselves, what their sources of funding were, and the extent to which companies were involved in their
operations.
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7.C. J. Moore, G.L. Lattin, A.F. Zellers (2005) focused area of this study was the Los Angeles River
Watershed and the San Gabriel River Watershed in Southern California. The areas of interest for this study
were evaluation of BMPs at plastic industry sites, sampling mass emission sites on each river, sampling the
beaches adjacent to each river, and trawl sampling in the forebay at the mouth of each river. The mass
emission site for each river was selected because it was the convergent area, at which all materials coming
down the river from the watershed would have to pass before reaching the ocean, and it was also upstream
enough not to be influenced by ocean tides. The mass emission samples and the forebay samples focused on
the plastic particles in the rivers that were less than 5 millimeters. Many of these plastic particles were pre-
production pellets, shavings from cuttings, regrinds, and sprues from drilling during the manufacturing
process.
8. Girum Bahri (2005) discussed the adverse environmental impacts of plastic bag waste in Nairobi,
Kenya, their root causes and remedial policy and technical packages for the short and long term. The need
for such a study was justified as it was desirable to change the unsustainable pattern of consumption and
production associated with these materials. Plastic bag waste appears in very high proportion in the municipal
sold waste stream in Nairobi and was causing environmental problems such as choking of animals and soils;
blockage of waterways and rivers; blight of landscapes and trees; and resource depletion.
9. Michael McDonald Crowley (2003) demonstrated that guaifenesin and ketoprofen were stable
during the extrusion process. XRD suggested that guaifenesin crystallized following the extrusion process,
but ketoprofen formed a solid solution with PEO. Melting points corresponding to the crystalline drugs were
not observed in the films by DSC analysis, suggesting that guaifenesin and ketoprofen dissolved in PEO
while in the molten state. Crystallization of guaifenesin on the surface of the film could be observed using
SEM at all concentrations studies, but did not reveal ketoprofen crystallization until reaching the 15%level.
Guaifenesin and ketoprofen were found to decrease the drive load, increase the stability of PEO and plasticize
the polymer during extrusion. The modified Hansen solubility parameter correctly predicted miscibility of
PEO with ketoprofen and immiscibility between PEO and guifenesin. The percent elongationdecreased with
increasing guaifenesin concentrations, but significantly increased with increasing ketoprofen concentrations.
Guaifenesin reduced the film elongation by disrupting the polymeric network.
The elongation of films containing ketoprofen increased due to plasticizing effects. Both guaifenesin and
ketoprofen decreased the tensile strength of the film.
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10. Legesse Adane and Diriba Muleta (2011) recommended in his study to educate the public (1)
not to use plastic bags, (2) to use eco-friendly alternative materials and (3) city level legislation as a solution
of serious environmental pollution and health problems due to plastic products. Plastic bag wastes pose
serious environmental pollutions and health problems in humans and animals. The situation was worsened
in economically disadvantaged countries like Ethiopia.
11. Hamid Minhas (2006) has drawn overall picture of the growth of Pakistan's economy due to the
growth in plastic industry in his study. Pakistan`s economy achieved an impressive GDP growth rate of
8.4% in 2004-05, the highest in two decades and the third fastest growing economy in Asia. Powering the
economy with its superb performance, the manufacturing sector accounted for 18.3% of GDP while
registering a growth of 12.5%. The co-related industries of Plastic, Printing & Packaging have registered a
phenomenal growth during the past few years where printing and graphic arts industries were the second
largest industries in terms of work force in Pakistan. Pakistan's plastic industry was thriving at an average
annual growth rate of 15% with a total estimated production capacity of 624,200 M/T per annum. The
industry attracted investment amounting to more than US$ 260 billion, almost half of which was foreign
direct investment (FDI), all contributing to an exceptional export growth by 35%. Particular growth was
seen in exports of plastic components for the automobile industry. This growth happened, besides
entrepreneurial efforts, due to simplified tax policy on local production and reduction in import tariff on
plastic raw materials. The industry was contributing more than Rs7.5 billion annually to the national
exchequer in shape of custom duty, sales tax and income tax.
12. Dr. Zareena Begum I (2007) in her study ‘The Plastics and Environment’ she studied the
economic aspects of plastics and its impact on ecology. She has suggested some solutions of plastics waste
management and alternatives of plastic carry bags and insisted for the improvement in the system of waste
disposal management.
13. Aline Marques Rolim, Luis Felip Nascimento (2010) the goals of this paper were to analyze
post-consumer plastic recycling technological and market aspects and to identify difficulties and benefits
involved with this activity. These goals were being reached trough case studies in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
The cases being studied were post-consumer plastic recycling companies and companies that manufacture
end-use products from recycled plastics. This article describes their recycling technology and some market
aspects.
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They have suggested on their study that post- consumer plastic recycling can be sustainable
development tool which help to solve the problems of solid waste. “Postconsumer recycling was a
technological trend that recovers the economic value from objects discarded by consumers (e.g. bottles and
packaging). It is a trend due to the current solid waste problems. Traditional landfills were becoming
saturated, scarce and environmentally undesirable. Post-consumer plastic recycling can be a sustainable
development tool which helps to solve these problems since plastic consumption and waste generation are
increasing.
14. Piyush Kunnapallil & Sruthijith K K (2002) the paper examines the viability of the command-
and-control approach and that of the market-based alternatives in addressing the environmental problems
caused by plastics.
The methodology adopted in this paper was the following. First, the composition and the life cycle of plastics
were briefly discussed. Second, the benefits from plastics were elucidated and their inevitability inIndia
established. Third, the ecological harms and health hazards caused by plastics were elaborated.
Fourth, the viability of command-and-control measures for addressing these harms and hazards was
investigated. Finally, the competence of market-based solutions in this regard was suggested.
15. J N Fobil and J N Hogarh (2009) in their study they have suggested the levy system to make
the responsible three key stakeholders: the producer of the plastic, the consumer of the plastic and
appropriate authorities responsible for plastic waste management. In principle, the proposed PPP levy
system spreads the responsibility of management of plastic waste among three key stakeholders: the
producers of the plastics (those with high propensity of ending up as litters), the consumers of the plastics
and the appropriate authorities responsible for plastic waste management. The concept was to be able to
create direct value in plastic wastes such that people will be willing to collect them from the ground. Most
waste scavengers in Accra (Ghana), for instance, would quickly pick up metallic waste because locally it
has ready market value; they were locally recycled into coal-pots, metallic cooking pots and many other
useful metallic equipment or utensils. Bottles were also limited in the waste stream because they were
picked up and resold mostly for reuse. It was, therefore, envisaged that if market value could be created in
plastic waste, scavengers would start picking them as well. It was concluded that itinerant waste buyers
would start moving from house to house to buy plastic waste.
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16. Narayan, Priya (2001) analyzed Plastic waste management in India, its recycling process and
technology used in it and reported that the kind of recycling practiced in India is quite different from what
is practiced in the rest of the world, in that state-ofthe-art technologies are not employed here. The entire
process of recycling is done on the basis of experience. The starting point is the sorting of plastic waste.
This is done on the basis of colour, transparency, hardness, density and opacity of the scrap. The sorted
waste is then sent to the granulators. The technology employed is mechanical with the traditional grinding
and extrusion to obtain granules. The final stage is reprocessing. The reprocessing sector can be divided into
the granulators and the converters. The granulators make granules from the plastic scrap and sell these
granules to the converters. The converters use these to make plastic products. A majority of the units in the
informal sector are the granulators that utilize their storage shed in the houses to carry out the grinding.
Such units are often located in slums, and function with stolen power and single machine extruding units.
Scrap storage is done in the backyards, and washing is done in open drums. Their activities are often termed
as backyard recycling. Conversion units are small industrial units that process the granules into finished
products. The technologies used in these industries are also old and local.
17. Shah, Priya (2001) stated in their study “The Plastic Devil: Ecological Menace” that, the rate of
recycling in India is extremely high. About 40 percent of the total plastics manufactured are sorted, collected
and recycled as opposed to only 10-15 percent in developed countries. Of the types of plastics recycled in
India, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) accounts for 45 percent, LDPE (low density polyethylene) for 25 percent,
HDPE (high density polyethylene) for 20 percent, PP (polypropylene) for 7.6 percent and other polymers
such as PS (polystyrene) for 2.4 percent. According to manufacturers, almost all these types of waste can be
recycled up to four or five times. However, the quality of the recyclate deteriorates as additives and virgin
material are added to give it strength.
18. Tammemagi Hans (1999) “The Waste Crisis: Landfills, Incinerators and the Search for a
Sustainable Future” stated that incineration of plastic wastes also significantly reduces the volume of waste
requiring disposal. It is said that the volume reduction brought about by incineration ranges from 80 to 95%.
It is also a suitable option for disposing waste that cannot be recycled further or is non-recyclable.
D`Mello, Pamela (1998) in their study alerts that faulty and inefficient way of waste management causes
severe health problem. It has been observed that due to an inefficient and faulty waste collection and transit
system, a large amount of plastic waste fails to reach landfills or incinerators. Instead they are left behind to
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find their way into the soil, the sewage system and the water bodies. They choke the gutters and drains and
during the monsoons flood streets causing severe health problems.
19. Amaral, Kimberly (1984) stated in their research “Plastics in Our Oceans” reported that when
plastics reach the rivers, seas and oceans, they pose a serious threat to marine animals like sea turtles,
seabirds and fish. The marine animals mistaking them to be authentic food consume plastic objects and
pellets, they can clog their intestines leading to death out of starvation or malnutrition. This discomforting
effect of plastics on marine life came to fore in the late 1970s when scientists from the National Marine
Mammal Laboratory concluded that plastic entanglement was killing up to 40,000 seals a year.
20. Eskeland, Gunnar S and Emmanuel Jimenez (1992) studied the environmental harms and
health hazards caused the plastic product and provided some policy instrument with taxonomy in their
study. Having established the inevitability of plastics in India and also having accepted the few
environmental harms and health hazards caused by them, the question that has to be tackled now is this—
how should the environmental problems caused by plastics be addressed, given that they cannot be
completely done away with? There are various policy instruments that can be employed for abating the
pollution in the developing countries caused by plastics.
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1.5 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The consumption and disposal of single-use plastic bottles (SPBs) is a global, national, and campus
issue. Despite being attractive to manufacturers and consumers as a cheap, resealable alternative to glass or
aluminum, SPBs have extremely detrimental effects on people and the environment. As a petrochemical
product made from crude oil, plastic can take from 450 to 1,000 years to decompose, all the while taking up
valuable space in landfills and in our oceans. At the current rate of production and consumption, there will
be more plastic in the ocean than fish by 20501. In addition, plastics can be challenging to recycle, and
capabilities to do so differ by locality and thus can be difficult for consumers to monitor.
The first step in designing a solution is understanding the problem. This Competition presents as many
perspectives as possible on the life cycle of SPBs on our campus, so that participants may understand the
financial and logistical impact on our diverse stakeholders ,spanning from Everything Convenience (ETC)
tothe student consumer to the recycling plant.
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1.6 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
 To find an solution for Non-biodegradable Waste.
 To identify any potential environmental impacts from the generation of waste at the site.
 To recommend appropriate waste handling and disposal measures .
 To create solutions and innovative thinking into already established systems.
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1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
 It is not only about finding technical solutions to recycle but that.
 We also have to make sure to put in place the right regulatory framework to allow for the
utilisation of secondary resources, while still making sure.
 To prevent harmful substances to remain and potentially accumulate in these material loops.
 The study provides detailed knowledge about plastic
 The study opens wide scope of further research
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1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
 The sample size of the study is limited to 100 only
 Accuracy of data provided by respondents
 The study is confined to Indhumathi plastics only.
 Lack of knowledge and awareness
 Lack of objectivity
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CHAPTER II
2.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
The research was of descriptive design, aim to procure a clear, complete and accurate descriptionof
the situation.
The type of research that has been adopted by the researcher is descriptive research. Descriptive
research includes surveys and facts finding enquires of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive
research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. The main characteristics of this methodis
that the researcher has no control over the variables, he can only report what happened or what happening.
The method of research utilized is descriptive research are survey method of all kinds.
2.2 POPULATION
There are more than 300 members in the company including staff members, higher authorities, working
employee.
2.3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The sample technique use in this report is simple random sampling.
Simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling in which the researcher randomly selects
a subset of participants from a population. Each member of the population has an equal chance of being
selected. Data is then collected from as large a percentage as possible of this random subset.
2.4 SAMPLING SIZE
The researcher has chosen only 100 employees out of the total population for the study.
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2.5 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
 Primary data
 Secondary data
PRIMARY DATA
Primary data means which is collected for the first time through issuing of questionaries to employees.
Questionnaires are prepared and personal interview was conducted. Most of the questions are consist
of multiple choices. The structured interview method was undertaken. The interview was conducted in
English as well as in Tamil.
SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data refers to data that is collected by someone other than the primary user. Commonsources
of secondary data for social science include census, information collected by government departments,
organizational records and data that was originally collected for other research purposes.
2.6 TOOLS USED FOR DATA COLLECTION
The tool used for data collection is questionnaire with close ended questions. The data collected were
of qualitative nature.
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2.7 TOOLS USED FOR DATA ANALYSIS
 IBM SPSS statistics 26
IBM SPSS platform offers advanced statistical analysis, a vast library of machine learning
algorithms, text analysis, open-source extensibility, integration with big data, and seamless
deployment into applications.
 Microsoft excel
 Pivot tables
A pivot table is a summary tool that wraps up or summarizes information sourced from
bigger tables. These bigger tables could be a database, an Excel spreadsheet, or any data that
is or could be converted in a table-like form.
 Bar diagrams
Bar graphs are the pictorial representation of data (generally grouped), in the form of
vertical or horizontal rectangular bars, where the length of bars are proportional to the
measure of data. They are also known as bar charts. Bar graphs are one of the means of data
handling in statistics.
2.8 STATISTICAL TOOLS USED

 Percentage analysis
percentage analysis is the method to represent raw streams of data as a percentage (a part in 100 -
percent) for better understanding of collected data.
 Correlation
Correlation is a statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two variables are linearly
related (meaning they change together at a constant rate). It’s a common tool for describing simple
relationships without making a statement about cause and effect.
19
CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYIS AND INTERPRETATION
Table 1: Age of the Respondents
Particulars Frequency Percentage
Below 25 11 11
25-35 45 45
35-45 39 39
45 above 5 5
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
It is inferred that 45 percentage of the respondents are of age group between 25-35 years, 39
percentage of the respondents are of age group between 35-45 years, 5 percentage of the respondents
are of age group 45 years and above, and 11 percentage of the respondents are of age group below 25
years.
20
Table 2: Gender of the Respondents
Male 43 43
Female 57 57
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
Most respondents population fall in the female with the percentage of 57 , while a next
percentage falls under male with the percentage of 43.
21
Table 3: Educational qualification
Illiterate 36 36
Primary 31 31
Secondary 19 19
Degree 11 11
Post graduate 3 3
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that the illiterate people are 36 percentage, primary are 31 percentage,
secondary are 19 percentage, degree are 11 percentage and post graduate are 3 percentage. Most are
secondary and less are degree.
22
Table 4: Salary
Less than 10,000 8 8

10,000 - 20,000 79 79
20,000 - 30,000 13 13
30,000 – 40,000 0 0
Above 40,000 0 0
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most of the peoples salary falls in 10,000 – 20,000 which is 79
percentage, less on less than 20,000 which is 8 percentage and while others on 20,000 – 30,000 which is
13 percentage.
23
Table 5: No of years working
Less than 1 year 13 13

1 - 5 years 38 38
5 - 10 years 43 43
10 - 15 years 6 6
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above people shows that most peoples are falls in 5 - 10 years which is 43 percentage ,less
peoples are 10 - 15 years which is 6 percentage , while others are in less than 1 year and 1 - 5 years which
is 13 and 38 percentage.
24
Table 6: Plastics are harmful to environment
Agree 22 22
Strongly agree 7 7
Neutral 47 47
Disagree 21 21
Strongly disagree 3 3
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for neutral which is 47 percentage, less
peoples are strongly disagree which is 3 percentage and others are agree which is 22 percentage, strongly
agree are 7 percentage and disagree are 21 percentage.
25
Table 7: Open to idea of using recycled products
Agree 1 1
Strongly agree 7 7
Neutral 24 24
Disagree 68 68
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for more than disagree which is 68
percentage, less peoples are agree which is 1 percentage and others are strongly agree and neutral which
is 7 percentage and 24 percentage.
26
Table 8: Willing to be a frequent customer of supermarkets that abolish plastic bags
Agree 47 47
Strongly agree 17 17
Neutral 29 29
Disagree 7 7
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for agree which is 47 percentage, less peoples
are disagree which is 7 percentage and others are neutral which is 29 percentage, strongly agree are 17
percentage and highly strongly disagree are nil.
27
Table 9: Online shopping helps to reduce plastics
Agree 27 27
Strongly agree 7 7
Neutral 51 51
Disagree 11 11
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
28
Table 10: Prefer reusable bags with attractive designs
Agree 26 26
Strongly agree 7 7
Neutral 43 43
Disagree 23 23
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
29
Table 11: Schemes that are in place to reduce plastics
Aware 27 27
Strongly aware 12 12
Neutral 38 38
Disaware 20 20
Strongly disaware 3 3
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
peoples are strongly disaware which is 3 percentage and others are aware which is 27 percentage, strongly
aware are 12 percentage and disaware are 20 percentage.
30
Table 12: Plastic products effects environment
Agree 25 25
Strongly agree 3 3
Neutral 38 38
Disagree 32 32
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
31
Table 13: Help with reducing plastics
Agree 22 22
Strongly agree 5 5
Neutral 54 54
Disagree 17 17
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
32
Table 14: Plastic pollution in area that you living
Little 21 21
More 9 9
Moderate amount 33 33
Don’t know 30 30
Others 7 6
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for moderate amount which is 33 percentage,
less peoples are others which is 7 percentage and others are little which is 21 percentage, more are 9
percentage and don’t know are 30 percentage.
33
Table 15: Government is doing enough to tackle plastics
Agree 28 28
Strongly agree 7 7
Neutral 48 48
Disagree 17 17
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
34
Table 16: Often go to some areas and clean
Agree 29 29
Strongly agree 7 7
Neutral 46 46
Disagree 16 16
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
35
Table 17: Documentaries show effects plastic waste
Agree 17 17
Strongly agree 11 11
Neutral 51 51
Disagree 15 15
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
36
Table 18: Type of solid waste receive from outside
Paper and cotton 19 19

Bags 15 15
Bottles 49 49
Tins and cans 13 13
Others 4 4
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for bottles which is 49 percentage, less
peoples are highly others which is 4 percentage and others are paper and cotton which is 19 percentage,
bags are 15 percentage and tins and cans are 13 percentage.
37
Table 19: Type of container to collect plastics
Carton 19 19
Waste basket 10 10
Old bucket 54 54
Truck 15 15
Others 2 2
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for old bucket which is 54 percentage, less
peoples are others which is 2 percentage and others are carton which is 19 percentage, waste basket are 10
percentage and truck are 15 percentage.
38
Table 20: Usually found more plastics
Public bin 14 14
Valley and lakes 12 12
Open spaces 49 49
Road sides 18 18
Others 7 7
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for open spaces which is 49 percentage, less
peoples are others which is 7 percentage and others are public bin which is 14 percentage, valleyand
lakes are 12 percentage and road sides are 18 percentage.
39
Table 21: Often waste container emptied
Once a day 6 6
Once in 2 days 19 19
Once in 3 days 50 50
Once a week 22 22
Others 3 3
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for once in 3 days which is 50 percentage,
less peoples are others which is 3 percentage and others are once a day which is 6 percentage, once in 2
days are 19 percentage and once a week are 22 percentage.
40
Table 22: State of public bin streets
Adequate size 17 17
Inadequate size 18 18
Good state 45 45
Not in good condition 14 14
Don’t know 6 6
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for good state which is 45 percentage, less
peoples are don’t know which is 6 percentage and others are adequate size which is 17 percentage,
inadequate size are 18 percentage and not in good condition are 14 percentage.
41
Table 23: State of solid waste collection
Good 16 16
Fair 12 12
Not good 52 52
Don’t have 11 11
Others 9 9
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for not good which is 52 percentage, less
peoples are others which is 9 percentage and others are good which is 16 percentage, fair are 12 percentage
and don’t have are 11 percentage.
42
Table 24: Heard about importance of recycling
Heard 14 14
Always 15 15
Somewhat 51 51
Not at all 16 16
Others 4 4
Total 100 100
Interpretation:
The above table shows that most peoples are voted for somewhat which is 51 percentage, less
peoples are others which is 4 percentage and others are heard which is 14 percentage, always are 15
percentage and not at all are 16 percentage.
43
CORRELATIONS
The correlation between two variables age of respondent and open to the idea of using recycled
products :
you are open

to the idea of
using
Age of recycled
respondent products
Age of respondent Pearson 1 .133
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .588
N 100 100
you are open to the idea Pearson .133 1
of using recycled Correlation
products Sig. (2-tailed) .588
N 100 100
Interpretation :
From the above table , it can be inferred that there positive correlation between the variables Age of
respondent and Open to the idea of using recycled products .
44
The correlation between age of respondent and plastics are harmful to environment :
plastics are
Age of harmful to
respondent environment
Age of respondent Pearson 1 .111
Correlation
N 100 100
plastics are harmful to Pearson .111 1
environment Correlation
N 100 100
Interpretation :
From the above table , it can be inferred that there positive correlation between the variables Age of
respondent and Plastics are harmful to environment .
45
CHAPTER IV
4.1 FINDINGS
Age of respondents
45 % of respondents age was 25-35
Gender
43% of respondents was female
Education
36% of respondents was illiterate
Salary
79% of respondents was 10,000-20,000
Working years
38% of respondents was 5-10 years
Harmfulness
47% of respondents was neutral
Idea of recycled products
68% of respondents was disagree
Willingness
47% of respondents was agree
Reduceness
Reusable
Schemes
Effects
Help in reducing
Plastic pollution
33% of respondents was moderate amount
Tackleness
46
Often clean
Documentaries
Receive from outside
49% of respondents was bottles
Container
54% of respondents was old bucket
Founding place
49% of respondents was open spaces
Container emptied
50% of respondents was once in 3 days
State of bin
45% of respondents was good state
Waste collection
52% of respondents was not good
Importance
51% of respondents was somewhat
47
4.2 SUGGESTIONS
A comprehensive waste collection and separation system is required to cover a majority of the
available plastic waste volumes.Valuables should be extracted from the waste streams, and this can be
improved through separation at source, as well as easing logistics and reducing transport costs (such as with
a baling machine and related material handling equipment).
The absolute scale of the plastic waste and the overall waste volume have a significant impact on the
solutions that can be implemented.Most recycling technologies (i.e., non-artisanal material recycling and
chemical recycling) require an industrial scale and a level of waste volume that cannot be generated on small
islands.
Micro-recycling processes (i.e. artisanal material recycling) may be viable, but are insufficient to cover
for all plastic waste volumes and composition regularly occurring in municipal waste. Market access is one
of the most important factors determining how plastic and other recyclable waste is treated on or off an island.
Market price at the mainland collection point is often not high enough to cover the entire cost of
collection, segregation and transport from the island. High value recycling materials may be able to offset
the cost to some degree and baling and material handling equipment can reduce costs for transport.There is
no single technological solution to manage plastic waste on small and remote islands.
Recycling technologies only provide partial solutions for processing plastic waste and need to be
combined with other solutions such as controlled landfills and controlled incineration technologies.
Sustainably managing plastic on islands requires upstream solutions to reduce the amount of plastic
consumed and plastic wasted.This study was conducted by a team from cyclos and Lasaju. Funding for the
study and development of the Toolbox was provided by PROBLUE, an umbrella multi-donor trust fund,
administered by the World Bank, that supports the sustainable and integrated development of marine and
coastal resources in healthy oceans.
48
4.3 CONCLUSIONS
As the issue is serious matter and challenging, expertise with passion requires for the processing. India
Youth for Society feels that it can deal with the handling 100% efficiently. It is not just a unit but a service
to the public health and mother earth. Upon having sources and assistance, surely, the organization could
achieve the best results in the recycling.
Plastic is undeniably one of the most used materials in the world. However, the current condition of
handling plastic waste is causing irreversible harm to the environment, and this impact has caused
environmentalists to hastily call off the use of plastics altogether. Shifting to alternatives, when plastic has
penetrated so deep into our daily lives is not a viable solution. The study carried out for this article show that
various methods of plastic waste management have been adopted, but there are still prominent flaws in
majority of them which can only be avoided through exhaustive restructuring of the entire methodology. The
awareness of the Government about the waste management scenario, and their strict intervention is required
to improve prevalent conditions. This article has listed various measures that can be taken by the government
to better manage and dispose off plastic used by industries as well as households. Also, improvements can
be made in the current procedures for plastic waste management by increasing awareness from an elementary
level with the cooperation of educational institutions, establishing city waste disposal units at a larger scale,
and also study ways to manufacture biodegradable plastics in order to eliminate the problems at a
manufacturing level itself.
49
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2020) - "Plastic Pollution". Published online at
OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/plastic- pollution' [OnlineResource]
2. Be Waste Wise (2019, March) - “Plastic Wastes and its Management”.
Publishedonlineatbioenergyconsult.com. Retrieved from “https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/plastic-
wastes-management ”[Online Resource]
3. Ross Marchand (2019, July 15) - “America’s Garbage ‘Problem’ Concocted by Trashy Data”.
Published online at bioenergyconsult.com. Retrieved from
“https://catalyst.independent.org/2019/07/15/americas-garbage-problem- concocted-by-trashy-data/
”[OnlineResource]
4. Ross Marchand (2016, September 15) - “Methods of Plastic Waste Disposal (and possible
complications)”. Published online at http://blog.nus.edu.sg/. Retrieved from
“http://blog.nus.edu.sg/plasticworld/2016/09/06/x-methods-of-plastic-waste- disposal-and-possible-
complications/” [OnlineResource]
5. Sourav Daspatnaik - “Finding Solutions to Plastic Waste Management In India”. Published online
at ecoideaz.com. Retrieved from “https://www.ecoideaz.com/expert-corner/finding-solutions-to- plastic-
waste- management-in-india”[OnlineResource]
6. North EJ, Halden RU. Plastics and Environmental Health: The RoadAhead. Rev Environ
Health. 2013; 28(1):1–8. doi:10.1515/reveh-2012-0030
7. Zhiqiang Gan, Houjin Zhang - “PMBD: a Comprehensive Plastics Microbial Biodegradation
Database”, Database, Volume 2019, 2019, baz119, Retrieved
from“https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baz119”
8. Claire Dussud and Jean-François Ghiglione (2014, December 26) – “Bacterial degradation of
synthetic plastics”. CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire
Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer,France
9. UNEP (2018). Single-Use Plastics: A Roadmap for Sustainability. ISBN: 978-92- 807-3705-
9DTI/2179/JP
10. Status and challenges of municipal solid waste management in India: A review, Rajkumar
Joshi & Sirajuddin Ahmed, Cogent Environmental Science (2016), 2: 1139434.
50
APPENDIX
1.Name :
2.Age of the respondent ?
a)below 25 b)25-35 c)35-45 d)above 45
3.Gender of the respondent ?
a)male b)female
4.Educational qualification ?
a)illiterate b)primary c)secondary d)degree c)post graduate
5.Salary ?
a)less than 10000 b)10000-20000 c)20000-30000 d)30000-40000 e)above 40000
6.No of years working ?
a)less than 1 year b)1-5 years c)5-10 years d)10-15 years
7.Plastictis are harmful to environments ?
a)agree b)strongly agree c)neutral d)disagree e)strongly disagree
8.Open to the idea of using recycled products ?
9.Willing to be a frequent customer of supermarkets that abolish plastic bags ?
10. Online shopping helps to reduce plastics ?
11.Prefer reusable bags with attractive designs ?
12.Schemes that are in place to reduce plastics ?
a)aware b)strongly aware c)neutral d)disaware e)strongly disaware
13.Platic products effects environment ?
14.Help with reducing plastics ?
15.Plastic pollution in area that you living ?
a)little b)more c)moderate amount d)don’t know e)others
16.Government is doing enough to tackle plastics ?
17.Often go to some areas and clean ?
18.Documentaries show the effects of plastic waste ?
19.Type of solid waste that you receive from outside ?
a)paper and cotten b)bags c)bottles d)tins and cans e)others
20.Type of container to collect plastics ?
a)carton b)waste basket c)old bucket d)truck e)others
21.Place you usually find more plastics ?
a)public bin b)valley and lakes c)open spaces d)road sides e)others
22.Often waste container emptied ?
a)once a day b)once in 2 days c)once in 3 days d)once a week e)others
23.State of public bin in streets ?
a)adequate size b)inadequate size c)good state d)not in good condition e)don’t know
24.State of solid waste collection ?
a)good b)fair c)not good d)don’t have e)others
25.Heard about importance of recycling ?
a)heard b)always c)somewhat d)not at all e)others

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A STUDY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ITS REPROCESSING UNIT

Project report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Signature of the Guide

VIVA-VOCE EXAMINATION HELD ON -----------------------------------------

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

1.1 Introduction of the Study 1

2.1 Research Design 17

III DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 20-45

4.1 Findings 46-47

Signature of the Candidate

1 Plastics are harmful to environment 25

2 Idea of using recycled products 26

3 Frequent customer of market that abolish plastics 27

4 Online shopping helps to reduce plastics 28

5 Prefer reusable bags with attractive design 29

6 Schemes that are place to reduce plastics 30

7 Plastics effects environment 31

8 Help with reducing plastics 32

9 Pollution in area that you living 33

10 Government is doing enough to tackle plastics 34

11 Often go to place and clean 35

12 Documentaries show effects of plastics 36

13 Type of solid waste receive from outside 37

14 Type of container to collect plastics 38

15 Place usually found more plastics 39

16 Often waste container emptied 40

17 State of public bins 41

18 State of solid waste collection 42

1 Plastics are harmful to environment 25

2 Idea of using recycled products 26

3 Frequent customer of market that abolish plastics 27

4 Online shopping helps to reduce plastics 28

5 Prefer reusable bags with attractive design 29

6 Schemes that are place to reduce plastics 30

7 Plastics effects environment 31

8 Help with reducing plastics 32

9 Pollution in area that you living 33

10 Government is doing enough to tackle plastics 34

11 Often go to place and clean 35

12 Documentaries show effects of plastics 36

13 Type of solid waste receive from outside 37

14 Type of container to collect plastics 38

15 Place usually found more plastics 39

16 Often waste container emptied 40

17 State of public bins 41

18 State of solid waste collection 42

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY

Business Name SRI INDHUMATHI PLASTICS

PAN Number BJRPM8158G

Sign up for PRO account to check bulk

Entity Type Proprietorship

Registration Type Regular

Department Code VIRUDHUNAGAR - III, TN331,

Nature of [u'Factory / Manufacturing'], Factory /

Registration Date 01/07/2017

Advantages of implementing plastic waste management