COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

ABBOTTABAD CAMPUS

ASSIGNMENT NO:02

SUBJECT: PHARMACOGNOSY
TITLE: DRUGS USED IN DIABETES AND ARTHRITIS
SUBMITTED BY: RAJA MASHOOD ELAHI
REGISTRATION NO: FA21-PHM-018
SUBMITTED TO: MAM NEELUM ZAMAN
DATE: 2-APRIL-2023
 MEDICINAL DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF DIABETES AND
ARTHRITIS:

ARTHRITIS:
Ginger:

It
contains compounds called gingerols, which possess anti-inflammatory properties. It can
reduce pain and swelling in the joints caused by arthritis. ginger can reduce the activity of
several chemical substances that promote joint inflammation. Results from RCTs assessing its
role in treating participants with osteoarthritis found that it has a high safety profile and can
have moderately beneficial effects in reducing pain and disability.

Turmeric:
It contains a compound called curcumin, which is known to have antiinflammatory and
antioxidant properties. It can reduce joint pain and stiffness, and improve mobility. he anti-
inflammatory properties of turmeric can be especially helpful for those with arthritis. This
includes both degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis) and inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid
arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, or others).
Willow bark:
It contains a chemical called salicin, which is similar to aspirin. It can reduce pain,
inflammation and fever caused by arthritis willow bark may have a moderate effect in treating
pain caused by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In the single study testing it against a
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for osteoarthritis, it wasn't as effective for pain
relief.

Boswellia:
Also known as Indian frankincense, this herb has anti-inflammatory properties that can alleviate
joint pain and swelling. It can also improve mobility and reduce the need for pain medication in
people with arthritis Boswellia appears to be effective in reducing inflammation, so it may also
lessen the symptoms of RA. The Arthritis Foundation recommend boswellic acid capsules as a
potential therapy for RA, as well as for osteoarthritis

 DIABETES
Gymnema Sylvestre:
It is an herb native to India and is used as a natural remedy for diabetes. It is known to
lower blood sugar levels and enhance insulin sensitivity. Gymnema sylvestre may help you
fight sugar cravings and lower high blood sugar levels. The plant may also play a beneficial
role in diabetes treatment, as it may help stimulate insulin secretion and the regeneration of
pancreas islet cells — both of which can help lower blood sugar.

Cinnamon:
It contains compounds that improve insulin sensitivity and can lower blood sugar levels. It
may also lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Cinnamon may help lower blood sugar
and fight diabetes by imitating the effects of insulin and increasing the movement of sugar
from the bloodstream into cells . It can also help lower blood sugar levels by increasing
insulin sensitivity, making insulin more efficient at moving sugar into cells

Fenugreek:
The seeds of fenugreek contain compounds that can enhance insulin secretion, lower blood
sugar levels and improve glucose tolerance. Fenugreek seeds (trigonella foenum graecum) are
high in soluble fibre, which helps lower blood sugar by slowing down digestion and
absorption of carbohydrates This suggests they may be effective in treating people with
diabetes.

Bitter Melon:
This vegetable contains a chemical called charantin, which is known to lower blood sugar
levels. It also contains compounds that mimic the action of insulin in the body, making the
glucose utilization more effective. Bitter melon has several chemicals that seem to act like
insulin and help to lower blood sugar levels. Some studies suggest that they do this by causing
more glucose to enter the cells, and then helping your body process it and store it in the liver,
muscles, and fat.