50 SEMICONDUCTORS

Diode

Transistor

Capacitor

Resistor

Integrated Circuit (IC)

Microcontroller

Microprocessor

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Photodiode

Phototransistor

Schottky Diode

Zener Diode

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Triac

Field Effect Transistor (FET)

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)

Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET)

Darlington Transistor

Optocoupler

Voltage Regulator

Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)

Comparator

Timer

Counter

Flip-Flop

Shift Register

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

Power MOSFET

Power Transistor

Power Diode

Schottky Barrier Rectifier (SBR)

High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT)

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)

Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (GTO)

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

Thyristor

Current Regulator Diode (CRD)

Tunnel Diode

Avalanche Diode

PIN Diode

Varactor Diode

Bandpass Filter

Low Pass Filter

High Pass Filter

Notch Filter

Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)

Temperature Sensor

Hall Effect Sensor

Functions

Diode - Allows current to flow in one direction only

Transistor - Amplifies or switches electronic signals

Capacitor - Stores electrical charge and blocks direct current (DC)

Resistor - Limits the flow of current in a circuit

Integrated Circuit (IC) - Contains multiple electronic components on a single chip

Microcontroller - Contains a microprocessor and other components for controlling electronic systems

Microprocessor - A central processing unit (CPU) that performs calculations and controls operations in
electronic devices

Light Emitting Diode (LED) - Emits light when a current is applied

Photodiode - Converts light into an electrical current

Phototransistor - Amplifies a current produced by a photodiode

Schottky Diode - A type of diode with a low voltage drop and fast switching speed

Zener Diode - A type of diode that maintains a constant voltage across it

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) - A type of thyristor used for power control

Triac - A type of thyristor used for AC power control

Field Effect Transistor (FET) - A transistor controlled by an electric field

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOS

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET): A type of transistor that uses an electric
field to control the flow of current.

Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET): A type of transistor that uses the depletion region of a
semiconductor to control the flow of current.

Darlington Transistor: A type of transistor that uses two transistors to amplify current.

Optocoupler: A device that combines an LED and a photodetector to isolate electrical signals between
two circuits.

Voltage Regulator: A device that maintains a constant output voltage despite changes in input voltage or
load current.

Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp): A device that amplifies an input signal and produces an output that is
proportional to the difference between the two input voltages.
Comparator: A device that compares two input voltages and produces an output that indicates which
input voltage is higher.

Timer: A device that produces a periodic waveform with a fixed frequency and duty cycle.

Counter: A device that counts pulses and produces an output that indicates the number of pulses
counted.

Flip-Flop: A device that stores a single bit of information and can be toggled between two states by a
clock signal.

Shift Register: A device that stores and shifts multiple bits of information in a serial fashion.

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC): A device that converts an analog input signal into a digital output
signal.

Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC): A device that converts a digital input signal into an analog output
signal.

Power MOSFET: A MOSFET designed to handle high power levels.

Power Transistor: A transistor designed to handle high power levels.

Power Diode: A diode designed to handle high power levels.

Schottky Barrier Rectifier (SBR): A diode with a low forward voltage drop that is used in high frequency
rectifier applications.

High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT): A type of transistor that uses a two-dimensional electron gas
to conduct current, providing high speed and high gain.

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT): A transistor that combines the high input impedance of a
MOSFET with the low on-state voltage drop of a bipolar transistor, making it suitable for high power
applications.

Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (GTO): A type of thyristor that can be turned off by a negative pulse applied to its
gate, making it suitable for high power switching applications.

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): A type of transistor that uses both electron and hole currents to
conduct, providing high current gain and fast switching speeds.

Thyristor: A four-layer semiconductor device that can act as a switch, rectifier, or voltage regulator, with
high efficiency and high power handling capabilities.

Current Regulator Diode (CRD): A diode that maintains a constant current over a range of applied
voltages.

Tunnel Diode: A diode with a negative resistance region that allows it to operate as a high-speed switch
or oscillator.

Avalanche Diode: A diode designed to operate in the avalanche breakdown region, allowing it to handle
high voltage and power levels with low noise and distortion.
Voltage Multiplier: A circuit that generates high DC voltage from low AC voltage.

Optoisolator: A device that provides electrical isolation between two circuits while transmitting signals.

Photoresistor: A resistor whose resistance changes with light intensity.

Varactor Diode: A diode whose capacitance changes with applied voltage for tuning and frequency
control.

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR): A thyristor for power control that latches on until current drops to zero.

Light Emitting Diode (LED): A diode that emits light for illumination and signaling applications.

Zener Diode: A diode for voltage regulation and protection against voltage spikes.

Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET): A transistor that uses quantum tunneling for low power
consumption and high switching speeds.

Triac: A thyristor that can conduct current in either direction for AC power control applications.

Hall Effect Sensor: A device that detects magnetic fields for sensing applications such as position and
motion detection.