Alveoli – small (50 nanometers across) air sacks – large surface area to volume ratio

Tracheal system, spirac;es

Fish – gills – comprised

Amphibian – frogs – have small sack- like lumgs into which they gulp air. Lung sacks, mouths and
outer skin – diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide can occur either way

Large surface area – Enhanced by folding, branching or flattening. faster rate of diffusion (supplies
oxygen and removes carbon dioxide)

Moist thin surface – ensures oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve for easier diffusion

In close proximity to a transport system

Have a greater concentration of gases on one side of the membrane than the other