ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

Factuality of Architecture and Urban planning

CHENCHA STRUCUTURAL ANALYSIS AND

PROPOSAL

INSTRUCTOR: - Elshadai
Date=28/02/2023 Addisu

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Table of Contents
1. Regional and Peri-Urban Studies ........................................................................................ 6
The Urban Region ....................................................................................................................... 6
Historical Evolution .................................................................................................................... 6
1930s ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
1940s ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1950s ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1960s ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1990s ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Environmental Status .................................................................................................................. 7

Environmental Hazards ............................................................................................................... 8
Infrastructure Provision in the Region ........................................................................................ 9
Social Services ............................................................................................................................ 9
Urban-Urban linkage and Rural-Urban linkage ............................................................................ 11
Agricultural linkage................................................................................................................... 11
Market linkage........................................................................................................................... 12
MORPHOLOGY....................................................................................................................... 14
POPULATION .......................................................................................................................... 15
The society influences ............................................................................................................... 15
Population Of the City............................................................................................................... 15
Employment status .................................................................................................................... 15
HOUSE HOLD INCOME......................................................................................................... 16
Expenditure Patterns ................................................................................................................. 17
Share of Responsibility among Family Members ..................................................................... 17
Health services .......................................................................................................................... 20
SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................................................... 20
Prediction in 10 years ................................................................................................................ 20
Economic statues of Chencha town .......................................................................................... 21
Household income and its sources ............................................................................................ 21
Weaving ....................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Dairy product ............................................................................................................................................................... 22
Apple product .............................................................................................................................................................. 22

Housing ......................................................................................................................................... 23

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 Morphological change ............................................................................................................... 23
Slope analysis ............................................................................................................................ 23
Urban density ............................................................................................................................ 24
Traditional house of Gamo........................................................................................................ 24
................................................................................................................................................... 26
Tenure system ........................................................................................................................... 27
Building Materials ..................................................................................................................... 28
House condition......................................................................................................................... 28
Housing Facilities ...................................................................................................................... 29
Land Management ..................................................................................................................... 29
Housing future demand ............................................................................................................. 29
Built-up Ratio ............................................................................................................................ 30
Lease policy............................................................................................................................... 30
Future expansion map ............................................................................................................... 31
Future plan................................................................................................................................. 31
Major findings ........................................................................................................................... 32
REGIONAL AND URBAN ECONOMICS ................................................................................. 33
The economic base of the city and its hinterland ...................................................................... 33
The structure and distribution of business center of the city..................................................... 33
Agricultural linkage................................................................................................................... 33
Market linkage........................................................................................................................... 33
Rural income generating Methods ............................................................................................ 34
Planed market area with their hierarchy .................................................................................... 35
URBAN GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE ................................................................................ 37
a. Source of municipal finance .................................................................................................. 37
Municipal Revenue past Performance Analysis........................................................................ 37
Analysis of the past three years municipal planned actual revenue ........................................................................... 37

Annual Expenditure................................................................................................................... 41
Economic infrastructure .............................................................................................................................................. 42

Governmental organization and governance issue .................................................................... 43

The revenue source, expenditure and the municipal budget performance, accounting and
auditing system.......................................................................................................................... 43
Capacity of the municipality to collect and administer finance .................................................................................. 44

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Technical capacity of the municipality to raise funds .................................................................................................. 44
Source of finance for development in future .............................................................................................................. 44

Financial sector ......................................................................................................................... 45

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY...................................................................................................... 46
Physiographic feature of the city ............................................................................................... 46
Environmental sensetivity ......................................................................................................... 47
Environmental problems ........................................................................................................... 47
Threats ..................................................................................................................................... 47
Solutions ................................................................................................................................... 47
Illiteracy: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 47

Environmental hazards .............................................................................................................. 49

Climate change .......................................................................................................................... 49
Street pattern ................................................................................................................................. 50
Street pavement ......................................................................................................................... 50
URRAP project Road construction information ....................................................................... 51
Ongoing road construction project ............................................................................................ 52
Modes of transportation ............................................................................................................ 54
Street hierarchy and linkage ...................................................................................................... 55
Vehcular and traffic flow .......................................................................................................... 55
Infrastructure and public facility ................................................................................................... 56
Physical infrastructure ............................................................................................................... 56
Data on the electric power system............................................................................................. 57
Data on water supply line .......................................................................................................... 58
Road Coverage .......................................................................................................................... 59
Social infrastructure .................................................................................................................. 59
Economic infrastructure .............................................................................................................................................. 61

Land use and Land cover .............................................................................................................. 62

Historical evolution ...................................................................................................................................................... 62
Land use policy in chencha .......................................................................................................................................... 65
Land use limitations ..................................................................................................................................................... 65
Implementation problems ........................................................................................................................................... 65
Change of land ............................................................................................................................................................. 65
Major findings , Key potentials, Key problems ............................................................................................................ 68

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SWOT Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................. 69
SWOT MATRIX ............................................................................................................................................................. 70

Vision , Goals And Strategies ................................................................................................... 71

Contour Map And Slope Analysis ................................................................................................ 73
Specific Land use .......................................................................................................................... 84
General land Use ........................................................................................................................... 85
Land Grading map ........................................................................................................................ 85
Street Map ..................................................................................................................................... 86
Open Space and ENVIROMENT ................................................................................................. 87
SOCIAL SERVICE ...................................................................................................................... 90
Building Height............................................................................................................................. 95
Expansion map ............................................................................................................................. 96

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 1. Regional and Peri-Urban Studies

The Urban Region

• Urban region is a spatial continuum, which takes into account the complementarities of urban
core with its hinterland, consisting of the adjacent sub urban and rural areas of high interaction.
• The central city provides local administration, employment opportunities, transportation,
communication, and wholesaling, educational and professional services for the sub-urban areas.

Historical Evolution
❖ When Chencha was founded in 1889, its first name was Tuka. At that time, it was the
capital of the province of Awra Zone. In 1952, the Amro Selassie administration changed
the capital to Gedale. Because the Tuka weather was so cold they could not feel it. Due to
some difficulties, Gadell was transferred to Arba Minch, the capital. At that time, some
nobles and investors in Tuka did not want to leave the city. The Trinitarians left, saying,
"These people are gone." Chencha means you have been able to withstand the wind.
After that, the name of the city of Tuka became known.
1930S
• S.I.M. mission station had been established by the end of 1933. The missionaries were
threatened and had to leave in mid-1936. The area does not generally have dense villages but
rather groups of houses. Population density is higher above the altitude of 1700 m. The Governor
of Gamo, Dejazmach Beyeneh Merid, had his residence there in 1935. Municipality established
around 1938.

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1940S
• Dr Arne Høgetveit of the Norwegian Lutheran Mission in the late 1940s was "lent out" from
the mission to the government and had his residence in Chencha as Provincial Medical Officer.
During the first two years there was no time for medical work. Instead, Dr Høgetveit travelled all
over Gamu-Gofa Province to study where the government best could locate health stations and
hospitals. After some time, a small hospital was established at Chencha and six health stations in
the province.
1950S
• The Dorze are famed for this and for their weaving. The prevalence of bamboo dictates the
style of architecture. Sub-province Governor of Gemu (Chencha) awraja in 1959 was Fitawrari
Mengistu Welde Yohannes. Provincial chief of police at that time was Col. Abebe Kabtimer and
deputy chief was Lt.Col. Yohannes Wolde Michael (Italian speaking).
1960S
• In October 1960 twenty Ethiopians formed the Gamo Gofa Agricultural, Commercial,
Industrial and Motor Transport Company (Private Ltd Co.) The administration of Gamo Gofa
province was moved from Chencha to the new town of Shecha in 1962. Dejazmach Wolde
Maryam School in its primary part in 1968 had 295 boys and 172 girls, with 9 male and 2 female
teachers. Sudan Interior Mission primary school in 1968 had 137 boys and 32 girls in grades 3-6
with 4 male and 2 female (foreign) teachers.
1990S
•The Dorze are famed for this and for their weaving. The prevalence of bamboo dictates the style
of architecture. Sub-province Governor of Gemu (Chencha) awraja in 1959 was Fitawrari
Mengistu Welde Yohannes. Provincial chief of police at that time was Col. Abebe Kabtimer and
deputy chief was Lt.Col. Yohannes Wolde Michael (Italian speaking). In October 1960 twenty
Ethiopians formed the Gamo Gofa Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial and Motor Transport
Company (Private Ltd Co.) The administration of Gamo Gofa province was moved from
Chencha to the new town of Shecha in 1962. Deja Mach Wolde Maryam School in its primary
part in 1968 had 295 boys and 172 girls, with 9 male and 2 female teachers. Sudan Interior
Mission primary school in 1968 had 137 boys and 32 girls in grades 3-6 with 4 male and 2
female (foreign) teachers.

Environmental Status
The rainfall regime in the town is bimodal. The first round of rain occurs between March to
April. The second round of rain occurs from June to August. The annual rainfall distribution
varies between 900 mm to 1200mm. The minimum temperature in the Woreda varies between
11 to 13 degree centigrade. • The principal soil types are Cambi sols and Nitosols. Nitho soils are
specially confined to severely eroded steeper parts of the Woreda. The main rivers of the
highland are Cullufo. Zute, Hare, Gina, Shaye, Basso and Kulano. These rivers are not providing
any economic value in the highlands, except eroding away the vulnerable highland soils.

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But in their lower courses some of the rivers like Cullufo, Hare and Basso provide the life line
for irrigation forms of the low land area around Arba Minch.
• The soils of the town are primarily clay or clay loams which have evolved from volcanic rocks
(basalt) and volcanic tuff in the higher altitudes of the study area. The dominant soil color is
reddish brown to dark brown.

• The principal soil types are Cambi sols and Nitosols. Nitosols sols are specially confined to
severely eroded steeper parts of the town. These soils are very shallow and generally
agriculturally unproductive.
• Chencha woreda was rich in forest resource, especially with good diversification of indigenous
plants. • In Chencha, farmers have relied on forest resource for different purposes, namely; to
synthesis of traditional medicines, production fire wood, charcoal, construction materials and
fodder for cattle. In the study area the forest resource base is under intense pressure and its socio-
economic values increasingly have been declining and impairing in continuous manner.

Environmental Hazards
Erratic rainfall is a periodic problem in the zone and can include a late start to the rains and/or an
uneven distribution of rainfall. Crop pests and diseases are a chronic problem in the zone, of
which the most detrimental are aphids (affecting pulses). Very poor and poor households are
especially vulnerable to an increase in staple food prices given their dependence on the market
for food and their relatively limited purchasing power. Seasonal flood which affect many
households economic wise.

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Response strategies
Households pursue a number of strategies in order to try and cope with a hazard affecting their
livelihood.

• Increased sale of livestock.

• Increased consumption of enset
• Increased out-migration in search of casual labor
• Switching of expenditure from non-food to staple food items
• Increased local income-generating activities

Infrastructure Provision in the Region

• Water resource
• Existing water sources are a spring, which is 4km from Town locally known as Lesse
area, with an intake by gravity pipe line and 1 borehole with motorized well pump by
commercial electric line which constructed by an NGO. However, capacity of water supply
is insufficient due to failure design of pipe lines.
• Telecommunication
• The influence area have got telecommunication stations at their center through the
wireless telephone technologies and farmers are benefiting from the service in terms of
market information as well as communication with their families live in any part of the
world.
• Electrification
• Currently about 155947 people living in urban centers and people living in 44 rural
‘Tabias’ of the Urban Region are benefiting from the national grid and substation located
at Arbaminch.

Social Services
• Health Service
It is through primary care units (hospital) that the region (which is also insufficient) demonstrates
disease prevention and health promotion. Currently, there is an effort to upgrade health posts to
health centers and health centers into primary hospitals. Communicable diseases persisted as the
most common health problem in the region; and non-communicable disease occurrence was also
on the rise, especially in urban centers, which the Urban Region is not unexceptional.
• Educational Services

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Chencha’s community has got intellectual aspirations throughout many decades, therefore about
40 years ago the community gathered its resource to build a primary school. Recently the town
have 2 large scale primary and secondary school each.

Response strategies
Households pursue a number of strategies in order to try and cope with a hazard affecting food
security, some of which have negative consequences. These include:
Increased sale of livestock. This is an important strategy for middle and better off households,
but one that has limits if the sale of productive animals is to be avoided. Middle and better off
households own a mix of oxen, adult females, calves, bullocks and heifers, but, because of the
shortage of fodder, rarely retain a significant reserve of animals to be sold off at times of crisis.
Likewise, only relatively small numbers of small stock are owned, even by the better off. Sale of
livestock is even less of an option for the very poor and poor who may only be able to sell a small
number of additional poultry.
Increased consumption of enset. Enset is an important drought-resistant reserve food crop for
the zone, the consumption of which tends to increase when other foods are in short supply.
However, there are strict limits to this strategy if households are to avoid depleting their reserves
or consuming immature stems, thus reducing future production. Only better off households have
matured enset in reserve in most years.
Increased out-migration in search of casual labor. Men from poorer households migrate out of
the zone every year in search of casual employment. In a bad year, more migrants leave, and they
leave earlier in the season.
Switching of expenditure from non-food to staple food items. This is a common strategy for
expanding purchases in a bad year. Households report reducing expenditure on clothes, grinding,
kerosene, education, medicine, ceremonies and a range of other items in a bad year. Some of these
responses have very negative side effects, such as a reduction in school attendance in the case of
reduced expenditure on schooling. This may not be the only reason school attendance declines in
a bad year, however. Children may also pull out of school to earn income through casual labor or
to help at home while other family members are out working.
Increased local income-generating activities. Very poor and poor households do more local
casual work, petty trade and firewood sales in bad years. Daily wages and profit rates are often
lower in bad years, so this means that ablebodied households’ members have to intensify the
number of days per week that they work. The increased sale of firewood is a particularly damaging
strategy in an area that already suffers from deforestation and land degradation.

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Urban-Urban linkage and Rural-Urban linkage

Agricultural linkage
The agricultural system is mixed farming. Households grow enset, barley, wheat, sweet or Irish
potatoes (but usually not both), pulses (horse beans, peas and haricot beans) and small amounts of
maize. Maize and haricot beans are primarily planted for green consumption and are the only crops
that are inter-cropped. Farmers do not have any pure cash crops, but they sell some of their food
crops. All crop production is rainfed. Those who own oxen use them for plowing their fields, while
those who do not generally cultivate by hand.
Cattle, sheep, horses, mules, donkeys and chickens are reared in this livelihood zone, but the types
of livestock owned vary considerably from one wealth group to the next. Due to a lack of grazing
land, households use a ‘cut and carry’ system for feeding their livestock.
Households obtain most of their cash income from crop sales, livestock and livestock product
sales, and, in the case of very poor and poor households, casual employment. The opportunities
for casual employment include local agricultural work, local urban work and migratory work to
places such as Arbaminch and Mirab Abaya (where cash crops dominate), and Wolayita (for urban
work). Weaving, petty trade and firewood sales are supplementary income sources.
The local people have engaged in highland mixed farming system. Barley, Wheat, Maize, Peas,
Beans, Potatoes, Enset and Cabbage are the dominant crops which are cultivated by the local
farmers.
Producers’ Access to credit
Formal credit access and sources of the credit for the potato production and marketing in study
areas as described were trader, and local money lender. They borrowed money from trader during
slack seasons and this situation affected farm gate prices since producers are forced to sell their
produce at lower prices for their borrowers which ultimately triggered to lower returns. Even
though one micro-finance and one governmental bank are available in the study area no credit is
reported by the respondents from formal banks; lack of definite credit service is reputed in the
study area. Thus, the lack for the delivery has deterred the financial capacity of producers to
purchase the necessary input for potato productions. For this reason, informal credit system has
come up as prevailing feature where producers borrow money from HAB project and trader.
Access to extension service
Extension service in Chencha Woreda is fully provided by Woreda agricultural departments. Even
though three development agents institutionally assigned to work in crop production, animal
science and natural resources, the service is hardly imparted on potato to impact on production-
consumption task.

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 Access to road and transport
It is evident that the availability of well-functioning good roads, transport network and commercial
vehicles and telecommunication infrastructures are very important. Transport facilities used to
create place utilities of the product.
The road network is not good having a natural hill and mountainous and muddy. Product
transportation took different forms, head load to vehicles. Products were transported from field to
market places with head load, animal back, equine and Isuzu. Isuzu was the prominent transporter
of both. Isuzu and FSR took products from many places with limited transport of cart and donkey
load minibuses and large buses participated in product transport per each day at peak production
seasons. The problem is some peasant associations are far away from all-weather road and not on
the position to sale their product with fair price.

Market linkage
• The main local markets are Gerese, Gezeso, Ezo, Chencha, Dorze, Zefine, Zadha, Bulki, Sawula
and Lote, which are woreda and large kebele towns. The items exported from the zone include
cattle, sheep, hides, milk, butter, wheat, horse beans, peas, and Irish potatoes. The main staple
foods imported into the town are maize and either Irish potatoes or sweet potatoes. Materials like
stone and bamboo are imported from the adjacent Kogota and Dita woredas which have strong
socioeconomic linkage with the town.
• The road network is not good having a natural hill and mountainous and muddy. Product
transportation took different forms, head load to vehicles. Products were transported from field to
market places with head load, animal back, equine and Isuzu. • The problem is some peasant
associations are far away from all-weather road and not on the position to sale their product with
fair price.

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 Addis Ababa

IN OUT IN OUT

• Cotton • Construction • Cotton • Constructi

material on material
• milk • Irish
• manufactured Potato • manufactu
• Irish
goods red goods
Potato • Enset
• banana
• Enset • Apple
• Apple ❖to arba • Cultura ❖to
minch l clothes Addis
• Cultural
clothes Ababa

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MORPHOLOGY

2013 2017

2022

South western means to dorze side north western side means mesho side this to parts of the town
have morphological change considering to the rest part of the city but this also not on appropriate
way the area is mostly slum area on this condition the municipal take as an advantage of income
generating by legalizing their slum area. in 2022 the city road is incres and more accssibel. in
2017 the city environment is good and more granary. in 2013 the city houses arEsmall and there
is no enough rode.

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POPULATION

The society influences

The base map that was planned in 2005 was the first one applied for the city. The planning body
was SNNPR. The base map that was implemented in 2005 E.C has raised anger among the
society because it didn’t have public opinion and approval by the community in Chencha city.
The main reason for the plan not to be implemented was because it was planned regional stage
and haven’t had public participation and was not studied in detail to identify the problems,
culture and lifestyle of the city. So, in result of that many people were victims of this plan. 85
households were not able to get map, Chencha was well known for its compact settlement but
due to the map the society gets distorted.

Population Of the City

According to the recent population and housing census results, the total population size of the
city is 90,815 from which male account 46,726 and female 44,089. From the total population
51.45% percent are male and 48.54% percent are female. And there are 37,551 households,
from which male 16,378 and female 21,173.

Employment status
The town is characterized by such economic activities as commerce, waving, service sectors and
agricultural activities. From this commerce and agricultural is the dominant economic activity of
the town. And also, we have studied the source of income and jobs of the society; urban
agriculture =71%, waving = 19%, trading = 2%, and governmental servants = 8%.

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HOUSE HOLD INCOME

The graph presents the sources of cash income for households in different wealth groups in the
Chencha city. Very poor households earned roughly ETB 800-1100 in the reference year,
compared to ETB 1750-3000 for better off households. In general, the contribution of income
from crops and livestock increased with wealth. Although middle and better off households had a
fairly similar pattern of income sources, their actual income levels varied quite significantly.
Very poor households obtained the bulk of their cash income from casual employment, including
both local and migratory work. Poor households also obtained income from these sources. Most
households engaged in another income-generating activity in the reference year. For very poor
and poor households, these tended to include firewood sales, weaving (which was often in the
form of remittances from relatives weaving in Addis Ababa and elsewhere) and petty trade.
Middle and better off households also obtained income from trading activities and weaving, but
generally not from firewood sales.

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Expenditure Patterns

The graph presents expenditure patterns for the period. The most obvious difference between the
wealth groups is the percentage of expenditure on staple food. About 30-40% of very poor
household income went toward the purchase of staple food, compared with about 10% in the
case of the better off. Expenditure on most other items increased with wealth in the reference
year (in absolute terms). The category ‘household items’ included coffee, salt, soap, kerosene
and grinding. ‘Other’ included tax, social obligations, festivals, ceremonies, local drinks and
savings. ‘Inputs’ included livestock drugs, fertilizer, seeds, and, in the case of middle and better
off households, hired agricultural labor. ‘Social services’ included spending on education and
health.

Share of Responsibility among Family Members

In our site Chencha women took highest position in processing of milk, it was explained that
men (not applicable) and hired labor (not applicable) do not involve in processing of milk and
also for milk processing by children has greater value (28.02%). Also, in our site Chencha
consecutively sell of dairy products are practiced by women, men, children, and hired labor
respectively. Stated 73.5%, 14.34%, 12.16% of the respondents replied that sell of dairy products
is practiced by women, men, and children This study revealed that women, men, children, and
hired labor shared for responsibility of stall feeding of cattle and this was reported by
respondents with 68.42% and 45.86%, 16.54% and 29.33%, 13.53% and 24.81%, 1.51and 0%%
respectively

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Social demographic characteristics of chencha city with frequency

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Educational status

The current educational status of Chencha, which is recorded by government in to two

categories.

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Health services:
There are 1 district hospital,
7 health centers,
5 private clinics,
two drug venders and 49 health posts with 2 health extension workers in each Kebeles (small
administrative unit). currently the district covers an estimated area of 445 km2.

SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
There are many social organizations in town like edir, equb, and mahber. Most of mahber and
edir is based on religion status of community, namely Gabriel edir, Mariam edir. Main purpose
of those organization is support community during grief, wedding and other ceremony.

Equb
There many equb in town. One of those organization is Ronobot ekub, Ronobot equb members
uses banking system to save their money. They deposit in Birhan bank weekly; the members are
over 130 and first share is 340,000 birrs. The members use this money to begin new commercial
activity and to buy motor and Bajaj.

Prediction in 10 years
Existing population x growth rate = growth number
29.490 X 2.5% = 737 per capital
737 X 10 = 7.370 in 10 years
After 10 years the total population of Chencha town become 36,860 people
90.815 X 2.5% = 2,270 per year
2270 X 10 = 22,700 in 10 years
After 10 years the total population Chencha will be 113,515
Forecasted population growth Chencha town (10 years) =7370 people

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Economic statues of Chencha town
The source of income of Chencha town is urban agriculture weaving trade and government work
15% of government jobs, 30% are managed by agriculture and their occupations include
gardening, animal husbandry, poultry breeding, double potatoes, fruit tree apple planting and
apple seedling cultivation etc. 21% is managed by business, and the textile products that are
accessible from Chencha town administration to Addis Ababa and other areas are milk, butter,
honey, apple fruit and apple seedlings, chicken, bula, potato, etc. The products that enter our city
from Addis Ababa and other areas are textiles and clothing products, building materials, textiles.
Mag, corn, teff, various goods and soft drinks etc. and the rest, 34% managed by weaving.

Household income and its sources

Rural income generating activities encompass agricultural production (mainly crops and animal
husbandry), agricultural and non-agricultural wage employment, non-farm enterprises, transfers
and non-labor income sources. The people of the study area practice various livelihood and
income generating activities mainly crop production in addition to animal husbandry, handicraft,
petty trading and daily labor. Crop production plays a major role in income generation in the area
and cereals such as barley and wheat, maize, pulse crops such as bean and pea are the major
crops grown. Especially, the area is known for its apple production nationally beside this greater
number of women engaged in petty trade. This petty trade involves short distance migration to
different markets, which take place on different day on the highland and neighboring low lands.
Petty trade in the study area is the most laborious but less rewarding activity. almost all women
in study area involved in cotton spinning for sale for local weavers besides the above off-farm
activities. Cotton spinning is almost a tradition and girls begin learning spinning early in their
childhood.
Chencha town has good trade linkage with neighborhood woredas, unfortunately Market
accessibility is generally poor in this district due to poor state of the roads, most of which are
only suitable for dry-weather transportation and are crossed by seasonal rivers. Better off
households use horses, mules and donkeys for transport, but seasonal rivers often cannot be
crossed during the rainy season and it is difficult to get to market. During the dry season, there is
better access to markets.
WEAVING
South parts of Ethiopia have a strong tradition in producing handmade textiles and clothes
especially society those who ladies their life with weaving (weaving) work were producing many
values added cotton handloom clothes and clothing items today like; Kemis, Netala, gabi,
Algalibis, scarf, cap, and bulliko beside this in cotton to handloom value chain women play key
role at both field and value addition stage. In field stage women participate in weeding, planting
and harvesting whereas at value addition women participate in ginning, spinning and marketing
of finished goods. Financial analysis result shows that farmers retailers-local ginners-handloom
cotton weavers chain integration farmers receive very small amount of birr per job.

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At value addition stages: during processing cotton to transform in clothes and clothing items
women role starts from buying quality seed cotton from market and continue to ginning cotton
into seed and lint by traditionally by hand. At cottage level 100% cotton ginning was done by
women. After ginning raw cotton women starts hand-spinning cotton using spindle and small-
scale enterprise members were using modern improved spinning machine.
DAIRY PRODUCT
Most of society in rural part of Chencha is produce milk product especially fresh milk, only
some of them Seles yogurt and they usually use local (village) markets to sell their milk and milk
products. But according to our investigation we notice that still they have difficulties of road
accessibility even to markets of their vicinity villages. Those dairy products most of the time
distribute to Arba Minch, Hawassa and Addis Ababa
Report on (Sene, 2014)

Dairy product Annual Monthly Monthly Deliverd in performance

plan plan deliverd year up to
this month
1 Milk (marketed 230740 19228 40200 486100 100%
product) (L)
2 private 130740 10895 30600 358600 100%
3 Association 100000 8334 9600 127500 100%
4 Yogurt (marketed 11(ton) 2 1 17.3 100%
product)
5 Private 11 2 1 17.3 100%
6 Association 0 0 0 0 0

APPLE PRODUCT
Chencha district in the Southern region hosted the first apple trees introduced to Ethiopia and
grown for a long time, Chencha has nearly more than six decades of experience in apple
cultivation since its introduction. Number of trees planted per most household is very few on
area below 0.25 hectare, though there is conducive environment for its production. There is a
great potential for apple production in the area by virtue of high altitude to meet the chilling
temperature requirements of different cultivars for successful cropping, however, the
achievements from apple production so far remained minimal. There is inadequate information
on productivity and variety identification.
majority of households in Chencha, uses apple for cash income and as a supplementary food, but
some of the society produce apple for cash only while very few produce for food purpose. in
Chencha district the society also grafted apple seedlings were sold annually out to other parts of
Ethiopia. The seedlings are raised not only to plant in their own orchards but also to earn money
from sale to other parts of the country

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Housing

Morphological change
when we see morphological change northwest and southwest part of chencha has continues
change because of activity of the main road from dorze to mensho.since 2017 the building of
cooperative house start in some area of chencha. The rest part of the city is dormant or not that
much change.2013 or the earliest image taken from google earth showing the overall density and
pattern of settlement and through the course of 2 years new settlements have been showing up
across the fringes of the town and after the course of 4 years new settlements have been
showing up across the fringes of the town especially to the west of the town. Currently new
settlements have been developed prevalently alongside the west, southwest and north.

Slope analysis

According to suitability 0-2% is flat and used for

agricultural purpose,2-5% is rolling and used for large
scale development such as sport filed , industries , health
complex,5-8% is gently rolling and also used for high
density residential ,8-12% sloppy suitable for low
density residential ,mid density residential ,15-20% hilly
restricted from construction activates and covered by
vegetation,>20% is characterized by lakes

23 | P a g e
 Because of they didn’t do slope analysis there are flooding problem. Like areas that
cooperative houses constructed in 01 kebele and around 02 kebele there is gorge that
passes through house and in winter time it is difficult to life there.

Urban density
High density (fine grained) settlements are situated mostly across the main streets, markets,
and other points of interests. Low density settlements are located along the fringes of the
town along with their respective farmlands. Urban area density of chencha town is 15.97
people per hectare or 4160 people per 260 hectares
In the United States, the Census Bureau classifies a rural area as a town with fewer than
1,000 people per 260 hectare and surrounding areas with fewer than 500 people per 260
hectares (square mile

Traditional house of Gamo

We do some research about gamo traditional house and they told us gamo house are build by the
shape of elephant. This is because before 210 years ago there are elephant in gamo and they
migrate to other place so gamo people build their house by memorial of his elephants Gamo
Society Vernacular House Typologies and Their Science, and described the Gamo highland
keeththas are disappearing recently, because the beginning of modernization, traditional life and
cultural changes, which creates a weak connection to vernacular house. Most recent house design
across the area have been built with imported materials and techniques custom-made to satisfy
the modernity self-ego and aspirations.in rural areas, particularly in selected areas of Gamo
highland deres of Dorze, (Hayzo village), Gerese, (Durbe village) and Boreda, (Demba
Chilli’ashe village). But now the vernacular houses are gradually disappearing from these areas,
due to decaying of materials, age-old of houses, transformations, climatic changes and so on...

24 | P a g e
Some of a few locally owned houses in existence are hardly in their original conditions. Most
houses especially those owned by the local residents in highland deres, gradually transforming
from a common prototype to accommodate the recent modern houses. The rare houses in
existence are hardly in their original condition.

25 | P a g e
26 | P a g e
 Tenure system
When we see tenure status there are three type of house in chencha this are governmental house,
private house, cooperative houses. cooperative house has a member of 10,12 and 14 and they
have to save 5%of the house to approve them us cooperate when they save 10% of the house
they will get map from the office .they are 31 cooperates in chencha .the other think we see in
this office some sample of map from governmental ,pirate houses ,cooperative houses and we
understand that the private sector has a large plot area because of old settlements and cooperative
house have limited plot area (150m2).

282291
320 Cooperative
kebelle
lease
private rental
4020

Cooperative house The typologies usually contain spaces for greenery, storage and pits for
burning solid wastes. Because of they are new they didn’t have infrastructure like water,
electricity and they have accessibility problem
Governmental house The typologies usually contain spaces for greenery and pits for burning
solid wastes., Typically the kebele houses are considered substandard as they don’t fill the bare
minimum of housing standard., The house has no setback from the street and is prone to
flooding.
Lease -The typologies usually contain spaces for greenery and pits for burning solid wastes.,
Typically this type of typologies are spacious ,Houses with service quarters can rent the space
and acquire income from it. Most of the land has been acquired through lease tenure system
since most of it has been brought about by legalizing

Cooperative Governmental Lease

150m2 146m2
460m2

27 | P a g e
Building Materials
Us the graph show us more of chencha house build by using iron sheet roof ,mud and wood wall
,cement floor and bamboo for their fence. So this implies that most of the materials they use are
local material and easily accessed from neighbor towns. They choose these materials first
because of the affordability problem second transportation problem of the materials third easily
accessible .

60 48 60 52 120 60 54
34 96
40 40 26 100
18 22 40
20 20 80 24 22
60 20
0 0
40
Fence Wall
20 4 0
Bamboo mud 0 Floor
iron sheet Mud and wood Roof Cement ceramic
HCB HCB Iron sheet Mud Mud

House condition
Good:( private toilet/ shower, private water tap, wall (plastered stone/ Brick/HCB), floor (tile,
cement screed) Kitchen- private)
• Fair: (Shared toilet/ Shower, shared water tap, wall (stone/ Brick, HCB), shared Kitchen
• Bad: no toilet/ shower, public tap, wall (mud brick, mud and wood, any temporary
structure)
• Out of 50 questionaries
• Good= 12 freq 24%
• Fair= 21 freq 42%
24%
• Bad= 17 freq 34% 34% Good
Fair
Bad

42%

28 | P a g e
Housing Facilities
Most of houses in chencha have shared pit, electricity, private tap but they didn’t have proper
solid waste disposal area and also liquid waste disposal. They use burning for solid and open
ditch for liquid waste this will have impact on environment.in other case problem of electricity
and water supply this problem main showed in cooperative house because of they are new they
didn’t get this infrastructure. Other part of the city has common problem of electricity and water
supply us another city in Ethiopia.

50 38 42 100 64 150 50 42 36
18 96 22
50 36 100
0 0 50 0
Toilet Facility 4 Water supply
Power 0
Private pit supply Solid Waste Public tap
shared pit Electricity Disposal Private tap
None fossil fuel Burning other other

Land Management
Land management, in short, is a process in which land and land related resources are put to
good effect .It also includes matters that directly or indirectly influencing urban land
management such as :-Property valuation = land gets more expensive as it gets closer to the
main street and increase in size ,Tenure /possession/ security ,Management of utilities and
services ,Formation and implementation of land use policies ,Monitoring of all land-based
activities that affect the best use of urban land, Lease contract, Lease holding certificate,
Period of lease developments, Renewal of lease, Period of payment.

Housing future demand

Current
• Total Housing unit= 4913
• Total population=29490
• Average Household size=5-6
Forecast
• Forecasted population growth(10 years)=7370 people
• Forecasted additional housing unit= 1230 houses

29 | P a g e
Built-up Ratio

Building Area Ratio

15%

non built up
built up

85%

350 homes form the basis of this investigation. The normal built-up ratio is 40/60, which
indicates that 60% of the city must be made up of buildings and 40% must be open space.
Therefore, based on this standard, Chencha City has a lot of large open areas, which suggests
that a lot of people engage in city agriculture to improve their economic situation. Additionally,
according to this analysis, there are a lot of governmental buildings, so it is possible to build
additional buildings on top of these or to demolish them due to their inferior materials and
lower costs than private or cooperative homes.

On-going Projects and Future Housing Plans

As a result, the Ethiopian government intends to address the issue by having local governments
build affordable homes, allotting lands to private homebuilders, and encouraging private
investment by real estate developers. However, the implementation of the programme in chencha
is minimum.

Lease policy

• Leasing of urban space

• Mainly by auction or
• it will be by assignment.

• They will continue to be in their current state until a detailed study is done regarding the
management of the existing urban space and a discussion with the public is done.
• When a property occupied without permission is legalized, the maximum area of the
residence should not exceed 200 square meters, the area occupied in excess of the above

30 | P a g e
 mentioned will be cut off without any prior condition and the land will be entered into the
land bank. Details are determined by policy.
• A contract will be made based on the type of service set by the structural plan or the local
development plan and the starting price of the lease, and the term will be based on the
time limit set for the service.
• The lessee is not required to vacate the premises before the expiry of the lease term.
However, the possession is required for public benefit and the legal right holder who is
vacated from the leasehold will be given a replacement place of the same size and level
for the remainder of the lease period under the existing lease. Details are determined by
policy.
• When it is decided to vacate an illegally occupied property for various reasons, no
compensation or replacement will be given.

Future expansion map

There are three area that are suitable to expansion or construction of house for the future these
areas are southwest, north west and central part of chencha is comfortable for development
depending up on the standard which is 5-8% is comfortable to high residence buildings

Future plan
• Horizontal Development
• Condominium Housing

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 • Standardized housing
Us the municipal said they have a plan for the future to vertically develop the city and build more
Condominium Housing for decreasing the house demand. But currently, when we see the vertical
development, it isn’t important for the people that live in chencha because of the lack of
construction material, affordability and transportation cost. And the other one is condominium
house. In chencha more of the people is living in farming and by planting apple and enset.
because of this their economy based on this when we apply condominium, we are eliminating
their economic source. The other one is affordability problem large number of the people in
chencha are farmer and daily labor worker.so by their monthly income they can’t afford
condominium. Other think that they told is Standardized governmental houses. This is the good
think that we see because we see a lot of substandard houses by observation so they have a plan
to standardized this house by infrastructure, construction materials.

Major findings
▪ High demand low supply
▪ Substandard housing
▪ Economic problem (Affordability)
▪ Horizontal expansion
▪ Poor infrastructure
▪ Use of local materials
▪ G+0 housing
▪ Availability of space to grow

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REGIONAL AND URBAN ECONOMICS

The economic base of the city and its hinterland

Chencha city and influenced area have agricultural economic activity with dense habitation of
small farms which are supported by very productive fruit/ like potato and pome (apple) is the
main cash crop and the city is highly produce milk and milk product area. Soils are fertile and
the sub-region enjoys a plan.
The other economic activity of the city is the art work (shemena) who participate youngest and
elders person which are the other economic base and culture of gamo people.

The structure and distribution of business center of the city

The town is characterized by such economic activities as commerce, waving(shemena), service
sectors (financial and banking) and agricultural activities. From this commerce and agricultural
is the dominant economic activity of the town with three economical corridors.

Agricultural linkage
• Households obtain most of their cash income from crop sales, livestock and
livestock product sales, and, in the case of very poor and poor households, casual
employment.
• The opportunities for casual employment include local agricultural work, local
urban work and migratory work to places such as Arbaminch and Mirab Abaya
(where cash crops dominate), and Wolayita (for urban work).
• The local people have engaged in highland mixed farming system. Barley, Wheat,
Maize, Peas, Beans, Potatoes, Enset and Cabbage are the dominant crops which
are cultivated by the local farmers.

Market linkage
• The main local markets are Gerese, Gezeso, Ezo, Chencha, Dorze, Zefine, Zadha,
Bulki, Sawula and Lote, which are woreda and large kebele towns.
• The items exported from the zone include cattle, sheep, hides, milk, butter, wheat,
horse beans, peas, and Irish potatoes.
• The main staple foods imported into the town are maize and either Irish potatoes
or sweet potatoes.
• Materials like stone and bamboo are imported from the adjacent Kogota and Dita
woredas which have strong socio-economic linkage with the town.

33 | P a g e
The road network is not good having a natural hill and mountainous and muddy. Product
transportation took different forms, head load to vehicles. Products were transported from field
to market places with head load, animal back, equine and Isuzu.
The problem is some peasant associations are far away from all-weather road and not on the
position to sale their product with fair price.

Rural income generating Methods

Agricultural production (mainly crops and animal husbandry), agricultural and non-agricultural
wage employment, non-farm enterprises, transfers and non-labor income sources.
Crop production plays a major role in income generation in the area and cereals such as barley
and wheat, maize, pulse crops such as bean and pea are the major crops grown.
Resource ownership
• Characterized in terms of livestock, bee colony, land, the types of house owned and
plowing tools.
• Land is one of the necessary constraints of the households in the study area.
• There is a serious shortage of farm land in the area and the average farm size was 0.51
hectares per household.

34 | P a g e
The biggest market area of the site is chencha market located on bold red (from the map below)
have the biggest activity rate and maximum at Saturdays. Not only the town people other
villagers around travel to the market about once a weak.
Most of the commercials are aligned along the main road and the banking and nances help the
process of market around.
- since the site is a center for market more service should be provided.
- there is a serios road construction weakness fixing those will help the market and the
marketers to have smooth flow of market.

Planed market area with their hierarchy

The distribution of market information refers to the availability of relevant market information
with regard to selling and getting different product we have observe different market area Like –
woreda market center or weekly market and local market (Gulit). (from the map below)
- Those on low income category mostly are old and live with only there retirement money.
- Those on a moderate category are mostly farmers and teachers
- Those on a high income category are mostly working on weaving.

Producers’ Access to Business Support Services

35 | P a g e
 • For producers, knowing where and when to sell their output is one of the most difficult
challenges.
• Linking producers more effectively and responsively to domestic and international
markets
Producers’ access to credit

Variable Response Total Percent

Access to credit service Yes No 58 46.8

66 53.2

Did you take credit in Yes No 39 31.5

2011
85 68.5

Source of credit Wisdom MFI 4 10.2

Private lender 10 25.6
NGO 25 64.1

Access to market information

“The survey result indicates that 79.2% of the households had price information before they sale
potato to the nearby market but 20.3% of the interviewed producers do not have access to any
information. Most of the producers in the study area access price information through informal
means like neighbors/friends, personal observation of market, traders, and other producers and so
on. The study found that 46.8% of the respondents get market information from
friends/neighbors, 32.3% gets from development agent, 13.7% through personal observation at
market and the rest through radio.” (Potato Value Chain Analysis: The Case of Chencha Woreda,
Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia, Vol.7, No.4, 2017)

Access to road and transport

“The survey result indicates that 62.9% of the households had access to all weather road but 37.1
% of the interviewed producers do not have access to all weather road. About 44.4 % of
respondents use pack animals, 55.6% carry on their back to transport their products to the local
market. Transport limitation, no transport service and shortage were reported as a major problem
by 54.8% and 24.2 and 21.2 % of respondents, respectively. Majority of the respondents are not
member of cooperative association (90.3%).To sell their product 53.3% of the producers used
organized market but 27.5 % sell to unorganized market and the reaming 19.4 % do not sell.”
(Potato Value Chain Analysis: The Case of Chencha Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia, Vol.7, No.4,
2017)

36 | P a g e
URBAN GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE

a. Source of municipal finance

As per the information obtained from urban government officials, the amount of annual
expenditure finance of the municipality most portion of the budget relied on its annual revenue
collection and some grant accesses from government like Road fund, ULGDP and Coble stone
project. Owning to this situation, the annual expenditure of the municipality is based on its
annual revenue collection and capital investment government grant
b. Sources of Municipal Revenues
The identified Chencha city administration and municipality understanding the status of the
existing revenue items of own source revenue includes land-based revenue are land rents, and
land lease. Other revenue items are Trade and professional service taxes, trade profit tax, which
encompasses Annual trade Income Tax, personal income tax, TOT (Turn over tax), VAT ( Value
added tax), house rent tax (residential and trade),capital gains tax, Lesser-Lessee service tax, and
Contractor’s tax. Market stall fee includes weekly fee from marketplaces, Non-Stationed Trade,
Vehicle registration and service fee is another source of revenue to the municipality. It includes
Registration new vehicles and Annual fee. Livestock market dues include dues of marketplace.
Abattoir service fee is collected by providing such activities for inspection of butchering.
Erection of emblem and signposts is also other type of revenue source from which the
municipality collecting revenue from activities of permission and annual payments on outside the
premises, and on the fences of premises. Registration on public records such as vital registration
is also found to be other type of revenue source for Chencha Municipality. Registration of
property such as fee for property sale/donation to transfer Title Deed and registration, fee for
transfer of Title on land held by lease, fee for the service transfer or Title due to inheritance, fee
for the registration of any other contracts related to property, fee for registration service and
preservation of collaterals, subject to loan contract (from bank) is the major source of revenue
from which the municipality collects significant amount of money.

Municipal Revenue past Performance Analysis

Annual revenue of chencha town from residence and commercial 23,932,297.55 birr this is the
last year
data of chencha town revenue office data this year 2014 they target to collect 45,247,519 birrs
annually from this in the last 9 month they can collect 29,958,561.59 birr from them aim they
can
achieve 65.5%
ANALYSIS OF THE PAST THREE YEARS MUNICIPAL PLANNED
ACTUAL REVENUE
Chencha City 2011 chencha City 2012 chencha City 2013 Revenue

37 | P a g e
 Cod Revenue Revenue Revenue

Revenue Plan Plan Plan

Sh
Source/Item Plan Actual vs. Share Plan Actual vs. Share Plan Actual vs.
re
Actual Actual Actual

1701 Building and

property tax 925,691 283,593 30.6% % 390,750 174,650 49.7% 2.4% 490,750 593,645.79 120%

1702 Assurance 143.7

77,465 111,389.93 143.7% 174,650 124,347 71.1% -% 274,650 240,500 87.56%
9%
1703 Entertainment Tax
- - - - - - - - - -

1719 Other taxes - - - 0% - - - % 100,000 0

1701- Tax Revenues from

1719 Municipal Services 143.8
1,003,156 394,983 87% 565,400 298,997 60.4% 2.4% 865,400 834,145.79 103%
%
1721 Land based
revenue/urban land 1,361,706.0 126.45 1,193,835.1 110.8% 1,483,770.5
1,076,810 % 1,076,810 % 1,676,810 88.4%
rent 4 % 0 % 4

1722 Residential house

rent 150,926 167,283.2 110.8% % 150,926 166,612.30 110.3% % 250 ,926 215,555.72 85%

1723 Business building

rent 1,312,625 771,395.89 85.7% % 1,441,131 739,619.36 51% % 1,441,131 633,340.15 43%

1724 Market verandah

rent - - - - - - - - - -

1725 Market place rent

175,980 267,326.68 151.9% % 175,980 335,399 19% % 225,980 532,541.78 235.6%

1726 Livestock Market

32.8%
Dues 15,304 46 ,836.35 30% % 15,304 50,201.11 % 15,304 37,582.19 24.5%
%

1727 Funeral service

vehicle rent - - - - - - - - - - -

1728 Rent from

machinery - - - - - - -- - - -

1729 Other rent 360,725 147,485.8 40.8%- - 365,725 188,626.55 51.5%- - 365,725 204,424.06 55.8

1720- Municipal Rent

3,975,876 3,107,214
1729 Revenues & 3,092,370 2,762,031.8
Investment Income 3,225,876 2,674,293
84.5% 72% 2.4% 88.7%

1731 Land lease 1,961,361.8

390,750 984,411.90 251% 1,000000 2,930412.6 29.3% 1,757,560 111%
1
1732 Support from NGOs - - - - - - - -

38 | P a g e
1733 Support from
Private individuals 230,430 83655 36.3% 230,430 80,694.10 35% 230,430 133,489.10 57.9%

1734 Public contribution - - - - - -

1731- Municipal
1739 investment income 621,180 1,068,066.9 91% 1,230,430 3,011,106.7 30% 1,987,990 2,094,851 84.45%

1741 Business and

professional
services registration - - - - -

and licensing fee

1742 Building and Fence

Construction Permit
58,640 53,747.48 91.6% 58,640 43,996.67 75% 58,640 58,364.79 97%
License

1743 Soil dumping space

license - - - - - - - - - - -

1744 Permission for

driving on - - - - - - - - - - -
prohibited roads

1745 Traffic fines for

violation of traffic
rules and - - - - - - - - - - -

regulations

1746 Fines for violation

of rules and 150,000 25994.4 17.33% 0.13% 150,000 39,250 26.17% 0.19% 130,000 10,850 8.35%
regulations

1747 Bus terminal

services -- - - - - - - - - - -

1748 Environmental
protection fee - - - - - - - - - - -

1749 Other charges - - - - - - - - - - -

1740- Municipal Service

1749 Charges 208,640 79,742 54% 208,640 83,247 50% 0.19% 188,640 69,215 52%

1751 Sanitation services 15,895 1170 7.3% - 15,895 3617.88 - - 15,895 7571 47.63%

1752 Technical services

fee 105,230 46,202 43.9% - 105,230 53,527 50.8% 105,230 87,381.6 83%

1753 Supervision of
building and
- - - - - - - - - - -
construction works

39 | P a g e
1754 Design and tender
document 245,384 47,500 19.3% - 245,384 - 245,384 100% - 55,250 - -
preparation

1755 Contract
registration and 85,560 16,810 19.64% - 85,560 45,237.43 5.28% - 85,560 105,687.15 123.5%
confirmation

1756 Road services fee 22,224 13,337 60% 38,324 21,159.20 55.2% 38,324 25,433 66.3%

1757 Water service - - - - - - - - - - -

1758 Sewer service

- - - - - - - - - - -

1759 Fire brigade and

emergency services - - - - - - - - - - -

1761 Vital statistics

service/birth day
and marriage - - - - - - - - - - -

certification

1762 Driving licenses fee - - - - - - - - - - -

1763 Garage services - - - -- - - - - - - -

1765 Driving instructor

and vehicle title
- - - - - - - - - - -
deed

-1768 Cart plate sales and

rent - - - - - - - - - - -

1769 Vehicle plate sales

and rent - - - - - - - - - - -

1771 Permission for

change of type of - - - - -- -- - - - - -
vehicle services

1772 Transfer of title

deed fee - - - - - - - - - - -

1773 Registration fee for

land acquisition 243,350 94,570.70 38.8% 243,350 27,950 114% 243,350 10,965.88 4.5%

`1774 Renewal of land,

building title deed,
plan & main’ of 245,710 28,977.7 11.3% 245710 21605.60 8.7% 245 710 25,863.94 10.5%

houses

1776 Funeral service - - - - - - - - - - -

40 | P a g e
1777 Abattoir service
70,825 66,212 93.4% 70,825 59,340.20 83.7% - 70,825 65,504

1778 Provision of cart

and chariot service 20,960 8085.10 38.5% 20,960 13,993.88 66.5% 20,960 8798.60 41.9%

1779 Provision of cart

and chariot service

1781 Provision of park

services

1782 Emblems and sign

board and any
advertising service 2300 3865 168% 2300 5904 256.6% 2300 7302 317.4%

fee

1789 Other sales of

property and
services

1750- Property and

1789 Services Sales of
Goods and Services 1,057,438 326,730 52.5% 1,073,538 497,719 70% 883,404 334,507 76.47%

1791 Sales of movable

and immovable - - - - - - - - 50,000 -
property

1792 Community
contribution &
other capital 146,116 406,449 278% 146116 45,546 31.1% 446,116 300,000 67.2%

receipts

1799 Others

1790- Other capital

1799 receipts 146,116 406,449 278% 146,116 45,546 31.1% 496 116 300 000 67.2%

Total 5,125,744. 4,643,019.7 2,658,724. 3,139,899.7 2,672,746. 2,464,066.0

00 0 66.55% 98% 00 0 61% 00 0 78.63%

Source: Document Chencha City REP (2011-2013) & 2013 IBEX Repor

Annual Expenditure
Past Capital Expenditure Summary (2011-2013EC)

Budget Years
S.N Items of Expenditure
2011 E.C 2012 E.C 2013 E.C

41 | P a g e
 Expenditure Items Planned Achieved Planned Achieved Planned Ach
1.1 Salary & Pension 1,682,027 1,794,166.70 2,358,158 2,384,536.09 2,946,729 3,156

1.2 Office Equipment 39,390 6752.93 130,000 114,976.7 60,000

1.3 Printing - 6101.03 35000 26553.08 30000
1.4 Postal & Telephone Service 10,000 3572.45 15,000 6963.41 15,000 18
1.5 Uniform for Staffs 8000 19357.76 10,000 4475.25 30,000
1.6 Transport & Per diem 36360 83 497 130 000 235 661.70 607 316 6
1.7 Fuel & Lubricants 16520 32 083.20 30 000 1114.50 20000 35
Water Consumption & other
1.8 10 000 1487 15 000 - 10000
Utilities
1.9 Electricity Consumption 0 3809.23 15 000 65.764.7 90 000 182
Contribution for institutions
1.1 750 000 124 588.22 38 047 220 000 20 000 1
and enterprises
1.11 Contribution for Vulnerable - - - - -
1.12 Local Training - - - - 70 000
Maintenance & repair of
1.13 50 000 38 463 75 000 3960 50 000
vehicle
Advertising, fees ,charges
1.14 - 3600 35 000 4146.706 61 280 61
and freight
1.15 Veterinary - - - - -
Guest Reception/official
1.16 - - - - -
entertainment
1.17 Medical supplies - - - - -
Agriculture ,forestry and
1.18 - - - - 50 000
marine inputs
SUB-TOTAL 2,602,297 2,117,479.02 2,886,205 3,068,152.13 4,060,325 4,496
Source: Document Chencha City REP (2011-2013) & 2013 IBEX Report
ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
The city has a market opportunity as being the juncture of the highways that pass through major
cities found along South- west direction of the country namely, Arba Minch to Gofa Sawla ,
Selamber city newly constructed asphalt roads are the main economic city has a potential to
engender a great market opportunity. Being the place for huge business transaction, the city is
therefore supposed to have many options to enhance its revenue and it would in fact be a spring
board to widening the tax base and thereby to boost the amount of profit taxes obtain from
saturated market.
In the town the Chencha gebeya/tuka market/ is the main economic market which is onS Sunday
and Saturday . the substation in the town is also among the economic infrastructures. Now a day
in Chencha town the constructed cobble stone and gravel roads are the one economic infrastructure
that initiates the residents to begin different kinds of businesses in their residential houses.

42 | P a g e
Governmental organization and governance issue
One of the governance issues in the city is corruption and bad governance. Not being willing is the
other issue to consider. While there is resource and capability from the society the government is
not willing to do the works to be done. The people and some parts of the government are eager to
make chencha in a better place but this cannot happen unless the community and the government
work together like hands and gloves.
The base map that was implemented in 2005 E.C has raised anger among the society because it
didn’t have public opinion and approval by the community in chencha city. This has led the city
from bad to worse, as an implication, chencha city was known for its compact neighborhoods but
this plan has distorted the society and left 85 households without map because they were not
included in the plan, it caused unbalanced infrastructure since it was planned regional level and
didn’t go through detailed investigation and didn’t have public participation. Due to these reasons
even, the plan was able to be implemented only 34% of it. Even though the plan is a problem the
administrative bureau could have stopped it from being implemented before it fulfilled all the
needed requirement, standard and public participation, but once again they didn’t do their work so
they let chencha and its society to suffer from poverty and poor lifestyle.
City Administration was structured in to two sub kebeles that are (Girca, Tolola) and twelve Qetena
administration with one city municipal function and two sub kebele municipal administrations in
the sub cities. Currently Chenchas’ town administrative structure has the city council and a mayor
committee. The council is the highest authority in the town of Chencha and is responsible for all
important decisions. Among other things, the council sets the Cities annual budget, elect mayor,
and approving the cities plans.

The revenue source, expenditure and the municipal budget performance,

accounting and auditing system
The way they collect data revenue source depending on federal revenue data administration plat
from and guideline which is
Level “A”
Their annual income above 1,000,0000 on this level use they used digital equipment for data
collection and auditing system this is safer way when we compare with other level and on this
level three are around 40 revenuers.

Level “B’
their annual income from 500,000 to 1,000,000 they used hand to hand receipt under this
level there are around 46 commercial houses.
Level “C”

43 | P a g e
their annual income is under 500,000 income the way and collecting and auditing of data at
this stage by analyzing and guessing.
A module prepared by Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI) for Revenue Improvement
and Cost reduction also added the following additional considerations involved in setting user
charges, which are as follows: (source: ASCI)
• Resource conservation
• Acceptability
• Simplicity, feasibility, and transparency

CAPACITY OF THE MUNICIPALITY TO COLLECT AND ADMINISTER

FINANCE
The technical capacity of the municipality to collect the targeted budget is satisfactory. They
collect more than 100% of what they should collect. For instance, this year they should collect
45,247,519, among this the regular plan is 36,494,215 and the municipal plan is 8,753,304. And
this year they have collected 29,958,561.59, which is 65% out of this 23,932,297.55 is the regular
plan and 6,026,264.02 is the municipal plan and all these are collected only in the past 9 months.
TECHNICAL CAPACITY OF THE MUNICIPALITY TO RAISE FUNDS
The municipality raises fund from the community at ketena level for road construction and
sewerage
system last year they raise around 400,000 birrs from the community through using omo micro
finance.
SOURCE OF FINANCE FOR DEVELOPMENT IN FUTURE
The future source of finance is urban agriculture. Specially apple and milk, since these two
products have great potential in boosting the economy of chencha the bureau is working on it.
For example, the
municipal office has given 400 acres of space for apple harvesting. Besides urban agriculture
legalizing
illegal settlements is one of the future plans to increase the budget. In chencha there are so many
houses with illegal map so making them legal is one of the plans. The last one is getting fund
from international organizations. In the future the city is planning to get major funds from UNDP
(united nations development plan).
United Nations Development Program is a united nations organization tasked with helping
countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
The problem for this city no to get this fund was 1 inadequate population and low budget.
To get this fund they are expected to increase their capital and population size. They are working
on increasing their population size by involving other 4zones (ketena) that are still refusing to be
included as part of chencha city because of the bad governance and lack of infrastructure.

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 Financial sector
In chencha town there are 2 private 1 governmental bank and there is 1 micro finance most of the
society use omSo micro finance because of to get loan easily and from bank commercial bank
of Ethiopia for equbi purpose they use Birhan bank mainly and in the town of chencha equbi is
active method of saving.

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ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY

Physiographic feature of the city

Chencha woreda is one of the most densely populated areas Its elevation is found between 1300
and 3250m above sea level (asl). Currently, the woreda covers an estimated area of 445 km2. It
has two Agro-ecology zones: Temperate and Tropical, accounting for about 82% and 18% of the
total area respectively. The local people have engaged in highland mixed farming system.
The coldest month is August, with an average high-temperature of 19°C and an average low-
temperature of 5°C. The warmest month is January, with an average maximum temperature of
21°C.
The driest month of the year is December with an average of 22 mm of precipitation. The wettest
month is May having an average 216 mm of precipitation. The total average annual precipitation
is about 1,445 mm.

Due to the high altitudinal range, the area is characterized by diverse agro-climatic distribution
and vegetation cover, and Due to it’s rugged topography the highland area is very vulnerable to
soil eroding forces.

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Environmental sensetivity
There are some environmentally sensitive areas located around the site like the west disposal
area that they say it’s temporary and located in approximately 2-3km out of the city on a very not
suitable area The slaughter site (kera) located above the market and below the river with no
buffer zone to the river polluting it constantly, which makes both the sites not suitable for there
environment and must be replaced on the other hand the people or society use cultural wastage
disposal system which is dig and ditch on their back yard. And as an open space or green frame
there is not much to see but there is a stadium that is fenced and not nished but kids still go
inside and play in it, there are some kids who play football on the open space that is preserved
for timket and meskel ceremony under the church of medhaniyalem.

Environmental problems
Poor water quality, insufficient water availability, waste-disposal problems, and the increasing
population density and demands of urban environments. Strong city planning will be essential
in managing these and other difficulties as urban areas swell.

Threats
• Intensive urban growth can lead to greater poverty, with local governments unable to
provide services for all people.
• Large volumes of uncollected waste create multiple health hazards.
• Urban development can magnify the risk of environmental hazards such as
flash flooding.
• Pollution and physical barriers to root growth promote loss of urban tree cover.
• Lack of drainage facilities and open defecation make the rural areas Filthy and
unhygienic which directly or indirectly help in spreading of a number of diseases.
Solutions
• Combat poverty by promoting economic development and job creation.
• Involve local community in local government.
• Create private-public partnerships to provide services such as waste disposal and
housing.
ILLITERACY:
It is defined as “one who can both read and write a short simple statement on his everyday life”
(UNESCO). Rural areas do not possess adequate resources required for their livelihood
opportunities, lack of social infrastructure facilities such as schools, colleges are completely
absent or barely available, and affordability of the people is also low in rural areas leading to
fewer literacy rates. The living conditions of many individuals are in the deprived state, people
tend to migrate to urban areas for social infrastructure facilities to meet their basic needs in urban
areas but they prefer to make their children as bread earners.
Unemployment:
In rural communities, the problem of unemployment is severe. As the opportunities in rural areas
are limited, they start migrating to the cities for jobs which leads to the formation of slums.
When individuals are looking for employment opportunities, they need to ensure that they

47 | P a g e
possess adequate skills and abilities to put into practice their job duties in a well-organized
manner. Causes of unemployment can be described as Lack of basic literacy skills, Lack of
information, Decent work deficit, Skills mismatch, Lack of work training and so on.

Environmental Economic problems in chencha

There are many places in chencha where the income of the farmer is very low that they can’t
afford three meals per day for their family. The main reason for the low economy of rural areas
is completely dependent on agriculture; the small-scale industries are not developed properly.
From the existing industries, trade and commerce are difficult because of the poor transport
conditions. Rural labor markets are not functional and they have seasonal works demand labor is
more at the times of sowing and harvesting. Though the rural economy has the potential for
growth, new opportunities, and promotes decent work due to lack of proper policies the rural
economy is decreasing.

1. Unfavorable economic condition to adopt high-cost technology

There are several barriers to adopting high-cost technology in rural areas namely affordability,
transporting to the remote areas, non-availability, the low skill of people. Due to less economic
standards of rural areas they are not in a position to afford the new technologies, if we adopt new
technology in rural areas, we can improve the economic conditions, the income of the people,
and which have an indirect impact on the standard of living of the people. Individually
affordability of such technology is difficult but a community or government should take
initiative for implementing such technology in rural areas.
2. Underprivileged rural industries
In rural areas, the major industries are agriculture, forest, and handloom industries. The people
lived in different areas of rural Ethiopia master in unique skill, for example, people in Jimma
have an extraordinary skill of harvesting and marketing bunna, and chencha for its waving skills
but they are still are following old techniques and less utilization of technology challenges for
enterprises in rural Ethiopia, such as limited assets, inadequate labors, unsteady communication
systems, and weak transport infrastructure, these are major obstacles for enterprises in rural
areas.
3. Poor infrastructure
Economic infrastructure is defined as the basic facilities which help in economic development.
Economic Infrastructure plays an important role in growth, development, and achieving higher
living standards of the population. Rural areas that are not well connected negatively impact
small and marginal industries development, the supply of raw materials to industries delayed,
access to markets, trade, and commerce of rural areas become difficult. Non-availability of the
regular power supply is affecting the irrigation due to the absence of power supply, timely
irrigation is not possible to crop, and becomes useless after reaches the permanent wilting point.
Due to irregular electric supply, the growth and function of industries are difficult and new
industries ignore remote areas and settle nearby urban sprawl these reasons account for the
decrease of the rural economy.

Slope
The landscape of the Chencha Highland (south western Ethiopia) is characterized by flat plateau
bordered by steep slopes affected by landslides and dissected by concave valleys and gullies.
Coalescing alluvial fans are found along the eastern piedmont at the transition to the Lake Abaya

48 | P a g e
shores. A major rift-plateau escarpment, with minor synthetic and antithetic faults, is located
along the eastern slopes of the highlands. Soil erosion is a widespread process and the soil cover
is usually thin and discontinuous. Immature Cambisols formed on colluvial deposits containing
lithic tools, pottery fragments and charcoal represent the most recent phase of soil formation.
They are related to the clearance of the original forest cover and the introduction of extensive
agricultural and pastoral practices. On the slopes these soils locally unconformably overlie
reddish, strongly weathered buried Nitisols and Luvisols that can be classified as Palaeoedlisols
with formation of saprolite. Thicker and better preserved Palaeoeldisols can be found on the
summit plateau, due to reduced runoff erosion. Different generations of clay illuviation indicate
that they underwent polycyclic processes, recording soil processes probably older than Holocene.
Along the slopes, gully erosion exhumed a palaeo-gully system infilled by colluviums of soils
and buried soils containing Middle Stone Age artifacts suggesting that important slope
degradational processes occurred also during the Late Pleistocene. Buried brownish soils in these
infillings show moderate clay illuviation that indicates short-lived climatic amelioration and
phases of slope stability.

Environmental hazards
• Erratic rainfall is a periodic problem in the zone and can include a late start to the rains
and/or an uneven distribution of rainfall.
• Crop pests and diseases are a chronic problem in the zone, of which the most detrimental
are aphids (affecting pulses).
• Very poor and poor households are especially vulnerable to an increase in staple food
prices given their dependence on the market for food and their relatively limited
purchasing power.
• Seasonal flood which affect many households economic wise.

Climate change
• Programs like manufacturing and solid waste management are greatly influenced by the
direction of the wind.
• Another benefit of winters is that it helps in improving the efficiency of the people
because in case of hot weather due to heat and sweating your work efficiency gets
reduced as you get tired easily which not the case is with winters where due to cold
weather people sweat less and can work tirelessly for long period of time.
• Since it is comparable to most of the western countries, the weather is especially pleasant
for visitors from the west.

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Street pattern

Street patterns of town is characterized by organic layout especially at endways of town.it

formed due to unplanned and haphazard development. This kind of pattern fits with difficult
topographic conditions that oblige the road network to follow an organic pattern. Beside this the
street pattern curvature is with acute angel and forms odd junction. Unplanned form of curvature
and odd junction interrupt traffic flow and cause uncomfortable vehicular movement.
As mentioned above organic street pattern adapt the topography (slope). This prompt slope easy
street layout. This decrease trouble of vehicular movement but there is drainage and flooding
problem in summer due to the slope.
Additionally, there is grid street pattern especially at center of town. This makes easy vehicular
flow and good access but there is permeability problem that is due to existence of large block
with in more than 150m.

Street pavement
There are 34 kebeles in chencha woreda and Road coverage of kebeles in chencha woreda which
function winter to summer and only at summer is 285.4 km. out of this 154.5 are winter season
road and the rest 130.9 are function from winter to summer. Beside this two kebeles have no
neither winter to summer nor summer road.
In the city there is about 108 .809km of road coverage. Out of this,82.759 km is earth road and
1.58 km cobblestone roads and 24.47km gravel road which are under-construction across the
city.

Street furniture
In the city 40.5 km of road is provided with electric lines for the residents. The street light is
provided for 11 km of road.

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 URRAP project Road construction information
The name of KM Amount of Condition of community participation and 50% sum
project approved funding (br.)
design credit
By force In material With money
Doshke-bele 4 3518005.21 908053.5 454026.75 454026.75 1816107
Mesho-gedeno-Elze- 10 9688101.375 2270133.75 1135066.87 1135066.87 4540267.49
zute

Che-tu-b/shiye 1 8.36 8000322.72 1897831.08 948915.9 948915.9 3795663.60

Che-tutusha 2 4.14 2106538.17 9398835.37 469917.68 469917.68 1879670.73
Che-tutusha 3 2.7 2871165.05 612936.1 306468.05 306468.05 1225872.2
Mesho-shale 2.5 2601164.5 567533.4 283766.7 283766.7 1135066.8
sum 31.7 28785297 7196324 3598161.95 3598161.95 14392647

community participation 50%

45%
40%
40% 37%
36%
35% 32%

30% mesho-shale
26%
24% doshke -bele
25%
che-tu-shaye
20% che-tutusha 2
15% Mesho-zute
che-tutusha 3
10%

5%

0%
1

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As shown in above chart there is high percentage of community participation in road
construction. The community was participated in force, with in money and financially this is due
to big financial problem in chencha district.

Ongoing road construction project

Road name Length Pavement Advantage remarks

(Km) material
Chencha-Mesho 56 Gravel Chencha to Mesho there Chencha-Mesho
is strong linkage among road is ongoing
the society in exchanging project and initiated
goods and row material by federal
for example, Apple, government,
potatoes, dairy product currently only 7 km
and barely are export to first stage work is
Mesho and maize done.
imported to Chencha
during market day.
Chencha-Gircha- 72 Asphalt When road construction Chencha-Wacha
Deremalo/Wacha has done it bring strong Road has begun
commercial linkage before 1 years by
among Chencha and federal government
Ezo, Deremalo and the and first stage of
society can access construction has
service easily like done around 65km
hospital and
transportation.
Chencha- 5 Gravel Enable to create good Chencha-Doshike is
Doshke-Bele- road network between existing road and
Shera Chencha, Doshike and newly constructed is
Bele. Doshike-Bele Road,
and financially
supported by Bele
administrative.
Dorze- 2 Gravel The main aim of project It is ongoing project
Metsagara-Dita is to connect bridge on and first stage of
the river to Dorze road project is
and create good access to completed.
Chencha Arba Minch for
society.

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1 Contracted but unconstructed road
✓ M-Shale: 2.5 km

✓ Doshku - Bele = 4 km road

2. constructed and delivered UBRAP’s road

✓ Shaye-Mesho-Yoira 9.5 km

✓ Lale-zozo - 2.5 km

3.under construction and undelivered roads

✓ Holo-Shama Wabara 15.5 km

✓ Chencha town Setena Borche, 3.8 km

✓ Setena Borche-Gemma, 8.3 km

4.Temporarily delivered road

✓ Chencha town - Tutusha Bilana Shaye (No. 1) 10 km

✓ Chencha City-Tutusha-2: 14 km

✓ Chencha City-Tutusha-3 2.7 km

4. The road in which design data is not documented

✓ Boyena tupa-Zardo-No. 1 2 km

✓ Boye and Tupa-Zardo (Elena Chare) - No. 2… .... 5 km.

✓ Alipango-Dalonazara -Ezo Tula- 5.3 km

✓ Chencha City-Ira-Hrpu- 5 km

✓ Shama -Dogle- 5 km

As shown above most of street link chencha to other kebele is under construction. And most of
them are earth road. Beside this financial issue is a big problem that hold down the construction
process. In general Road infrastructure and transport system are main problems which hold them
back from economic development of the town. Mainly road infrastructure enervates economic
linkage of the town with other hinterland. especially in summer difficult for bus to travel there
for the society use motor but it is highly expensive.

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Modes of transportation
There are 280 motor, 28 Bajaj and 18 truck in town. From chencha bus terminal 20-30 bus travel
into different woreda and kebele per day. Most of them traveled to Arba Minch and Mesho
Mesho is 7.5 km from chencha and 8-9 bus traveled in a day this is due to commercial linkage of
chencha and mesho. The merchant from mesho bring potato and livestock (sheep) during market
day (Tuesday and Saturday) and they take grain (wheat and barley)
And also, there is high number of government employers traveled to chencha due to this there is
moderate traffic flow during peak hour.
Number of buses traveled to different kebele and woredas per day
Arba minch 38 km more than 10 bus per day
Ezo 14 km 6 bus per day
Dita 18 km 3 bus per day
Suluse 33km 2 bus per day and there is 3 bus reserve
Bus terminal
The bus terminal located in chencha 02 kebele at the center of town. It was constructed around
2002-2003 E.C. the chencha market was found here, before the bus terminal was constructed
then the market place relocated far side of the terminal. Its size is 1 ha and service around 30 bus
per day. Its location enables more permeable and accessible by passengers especially the
community from hinterland came to market at Saturday and Tuesday. Locating near the chencha
market is big potential of the terminal. Even though pavement condition in side the terminal is
earth and it became muddy in summer.

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Street hierarchy and linkage
There is street hierarchy problem in site. That is due to topography effect and in some place the
organic street pattern interrupt street width even the size of car way is not constant in one street
layout. And also, there is road space problem. And when comes to the linkage and function most
of the streets found in the site are connected to the major street that connects the site to other
towns. Furthermore some streets have more or less single function for instance to church
(Mariyam church), chencha general hospital.

Vehcular and traffic flow

There is high vehular and pedestrian flow in Saturday and Tuesday with
in week this is due to chencha market. The Community from hinterland
cames with potato and livestock (sheep) during market day (Tuesday
and Saturday) and they take grain (wheat and barley). Especially from
arba minch and meso there is high number merchant. And in Sunday
there is high traffic flow to mesho this is due to Sunday mesho market.
The main street of town highly active at peak hour. Bus came from
mesho with government worker, merchant and student. and college and
university, student labor worker travel to arba minch.
In general, There is high pedestrian and traffic flow at center of town
that is because of bus terminal and chencha market. This create active
frontage and commercial corridor that may enhance and vibrate
economic development of the town but alongside of town is
characterized by low pedestrian flow.

55 | P a g e
Infrastructure and public facility

Physical infrastructure
When we see the drainage system and collection mechanism as we describe earlyer most area of
the town use earth drain system this type of system creat majior problem for the town on flood
and soil degradation this two majior problem for checha is crtical problem because on way of
there income generating mechanism agricultural product like apple if the condition continue in
this way it infulence there income an also creat enviromental problem. Liquid waste mainly
generat from storm water and residence to manage this the muncipal office collect fund to solve
the problem but it is not effictive that much but if they propuse usable plan and finicail support
the land scape is confortable for management.

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 Data on the electric power system
chencha there are around 11 transforms serve the town and this transformer their power loading
capacity is from 100kb up to 200kb and depending up on their plat form they check every
transformer 2
weeks gap chencha town use 15000kb electric power in some residence they share metro. And
using
chencha town another electric power line loaded 33000kb pass to Dita, Ezo and this line can up
to 160km.
As we observe that most residence specially government residence share metro and the residual
choice wood energy than hydro power because of affordability issue.

Type of Street yLight
Sodium lump
Length of road with streetlight
Total Number/Length of Street Light Condition of Street Light
142…are functional
142
0….are non-functional
11 km

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 Data on water supply line
Chencha city total water coverage is 58% to date data. Thus, water supplying & consumption in
previous five-year intervals total average production 21,943m3 per year, Total consumption
31,392m3 per year, Linkage 4,388.6m3 per year and total water demand (Total number of
populations is 90,815 is 398,550,709m3 per year. resources are as the follows. Above 50% of the
city population has (chance) get pipeline water and others from water point (Bono). The existing
water supply system is serving beyond its useful life. However, there are one deep well bore
holes, above three shallow well supplements for the water supply demand of the city and spring
distribution line. Now a days there is shortage of water for any kind of business and domestic
purpose b/c of increasing the city population and low yield of the sources. Solid Waste
management: - Solid waste of the city is collected and disposed by the private and some solid
west disposal enterprise group (coordination with municipal). There is not properly designed and
constructed waste disposal system in the city rather open field dumping is used. There is safety
tanker in prison institute.
When we come to sewerage line most of chencha town use topographical way on this case
people live on lower topography affected by flood even it passes through house to house in bad
conditional way.
When we come to clean water there is a shortage of water it is even also under standard the
community mostly use bono water in the town there are above 9 bono waters but 2 of them only
gives service for the community.

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Road Coverage
In the city there is about 108 .809km of road coverage. Out of this,82.759 km is earth road and
1.58 km cobblestone roads and 24.47km gravel road which are under-construction across the city.
(Note that this summary is derived from a survey of all roads and paths in the city)

Quantity Condition Status

(to be
Road Sub- Unit of
No. provided Very Moderate Very
Category measurement Good Poor
Equiv.7m Good /Fair/ poor
width)
Cobble stone 1.58 1.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 km
Roads
2 Gravel Roads km 24.47 8.43 11.45 2.95 1.04 0.57
Earthen 82.759 82.759 24.67 51.34 5.08 1.34
3 km
Roads
Total
Summary 108.809

Social infrastructure
Analyze the location, type, hierarchy and adequacy, challenges and prospect of facility

59 | P a g e
The city has one post office; Internet Centers owned by the government and the private
businesses and
Ethiopian telecommunication Chencha branch is the main supplier of this service but there is no
enough
and lack of quality to use network freely.
With regard to Social Services and Physical Infrastructure of the Chencha city has Hospital,
school, health
centers and the likes with the slow and complex development of the city, there is still great
disparity
between supply and demand of the services.
Education
There are different types of schools in the city, there are more than 11 elementary (1-8) schools
two
secondary high schools and one secondary preparatory school owned by the government in
addition there
are more than 4 (1-4) privately owned elementary schools and in addition, there is 1 TEVT
College. To
mention some: chencha school, talent elementary school and ewket fana 1st cycle school.
Health
The dwellers of the city obtain medical services from the general Hospital of the city, which was
established in 1955. The general Hospital provides service not only for Chencha, but also the
neighboring Worde’s' dwellers. The city has one governmental Health center, 7 private clinics,
one government health station, 4 private pharmacies. To mention some: betel clinic, loza primary
clinic, chencha pharmacy and chencha primary hospital are some of them. The level of access to
physical and social infrastructure, and basic services of chencha City is very low at all levels.
This situation has been aggravated due to inability/weakness to allocate enough budgets for them
provision of new and additional infrastructure assets as well as on time maintenance of the
existing ones.
This insufficient budget allocation for improved provision of new and additional infrastructure
assets as
well as maintenance of the existing infrastructure brought by weaker collection efficiency of own
revenue basis in a systematic and planned manner.
General hospital solid waste management must be as described below but when we come to
chencha general hospital there solid management is too poor and it affect also the environment
and the society.

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ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
The city has a market opportunity as being the juncture of the highways that pass through major
cities found along South- west direction of the country namely, Arba Minch to Gofa Sawla ,
Selamber city newly constructed asphalt roads are the main economic city has a potential to
engender a great market opportunity. Being the place for huge business transaction, the city is
therefore supposed to have many options to enhance its revenue and it would in fact be a spring
board to widening the tax base and thereby to boost the amount of profit taxes obtain from
saturated market.
In the town the Chencha gebeya/tuka market/ is the main economic market which is onS Sunday
and Saturday . the substation in the town is also among the economic infrastructures. Now a day
in Chencha town the constructed cobble stone and gravel roads are the one economic infrastructure
that initiates the residents to begin different kinds of businesses in their residential houses.

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Land use and Land cover
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION
➢ After the monarchy settled in 02 kebele, various people settled around them. Then business
began in that area. So the market was there. People from all over the world came to trade.
The market is currently open on Tuesdays and Saturdays. Residents of Kebele 02 have
already settled on a large plot of land. Urban agriculture is widely practiced in the city.
Poor land use practices, improper management systems and lack of appropriate soil conservation
measures have played a major role in causing land degradation problems in the country. Because
of the rugged terrain, the rates of soil erosion and land degradation in Ethiopia are high. Setegn
(2010) described that the soil depth is already less than 35 cm on more than 34% of the Ethiopian
territory, indicating that Ethiopia loses a large volume of fertile soil every year and the degradation
of land through soil erosion is increasing at a high rate. The highlands and some parts of the Rift
Valley floor are now so seriously eroded that they will no longer be economically productive in
the foreseeable future.
Human interference in the physical environment is great due to the high population growth rate
and migration of people, resulting in people searching for additional farmlands by clearing the
existing small patches of vegetation cover. Sheet and gully types of soil erosion are mainly
observed. Cultivation and deforestation have considerably changed the natural vegetation cover
over much of the area, aggravating the rates of weathering and erosion; farming is also practiced
on slopes, which can add to the erosion rate. Large areas have been totally devastated by sheet
erosion of soil. Some areas to the north and west of the Lake Abaya are protected to enable the
soil to recover.
Land cover includes the cultivated land (large-scale farms and family farms with different intensity
of cultivation), small vegetation (shrub lands and grassland, swamp), manmade features (urban or
built-up areas), rocky outcrops, bare sand/soil, and water bodies. Land use information shows that
only a part of the Arba Minch area is not cultivated. The floor of the Rift Valley is used for
irrigation to cultivate different types of vegetation and fruit. This land use classified as “Intensive
Annual Crop Production” describes the areas where annual crops (cereals, pulses, oilseeds and
vegetables) are cultivated.
➢ There is a housing shortage in the city. Currently, about 300-400 people have lodged
complaints about housing. The city government has been able to answer housing questions
by providing loans to teachers, defense and residents. The place where these people now
live is called Chef. The city's land policy is organized by leases and associations and has
its own land allocation policy for members of the defense. You have 314 blocks surveyed
in the city. Most are housing, some are used for commercial, service and mixed use. The
city is currently working on a strategic plan that will be approved. The city covers an area
of 5600 hectares. Chencha has 8 kebeles. 4 kebeles have applied for approval
➢ The residents of Chencha have a large residential area as they work extensively in urban
agriculture. Most 01 kebele residents are engaged in livestock farming. One of the reasons

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 why this city has not grown is because of the large number of residential areas in the city
center. Live - stock breeders also buy food for the animals because there is no grazing land.

SCALE 1:100

➢ The 40:60 land use ratio(built area infrastructure and services-greenery)(FDRE2013)was

not mainland. since the town had no implemented plan existing forests and agricultural
occupations for 35.87 and the bult up area accommodate about 49%.
➢ due to limited and development trend the land use conflict is less and insignificant. but
some incompatibilities have been noticed around the CBD area.
➢ is not implemented well according to the reginal plan.

3%

forest
15%
mixed
42% road
8%
manfactring

7% adminstraon
agriculture
service
12% residence
3% 9%
1% commerce

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✓ In kebele 01,02,03 there are 321 kebele houses.
✓ most of them are used for residence purpose and some of them are used for commercial
purpose. And these houses have high land grade.
Land Kebele 01 Kebele 02 Kebele 03
Grad Residenc Commercia Residenc Commercia Residenc Commercia Tota
e e House l House e House l House e House l House l
Level
1/1st 38 44 60 5 37 1 185
1/2nd 24 2 28 _ 66 _ 120
1/3rd _ _ _ _ 15 _ 15
2/1st _ _ 1 _ _ _ 1
Total 108 94 119 321

❖ Currently, the existing land grading affects the economy statues of the town. Which means it
hold back from development because there are much more resident in main center of town
and these cool down economic activities.

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LAND USE POLICY IN CHENCHA
➢ The city's land policy is organized by leases and associations and has its own land
allocation policy for members of the defense.
➢ The city government has been able to answer housing questions by providing loans to
teachers, defense and long time settled residents.
➢ In chencha , the low on the height of building is currently in place on the main road, but it
is not implemented.
➢ The administrative give permission for newly constricted slum house and legalized them.
LAND USE LIMITATIONS
✓ Inaccessible streets caused by large blocks
✓ The older residential and commercial area (Central Business District) of the town is
resided by slums
✓ Housing demand far exceeds the supply
✓ Slum settlement
✓ Low vertical development
✓ Zoning change in the city.
✓ Unbalanced gap between town’s revenue and expenditure.
✓ The low on the height of building is currently in place on the man road, but it is not
implemented.
✓ The land use in the highland grids are mostly corporative house which are old and with
poor condition
✓ Chencha town do not have the necessary marketing facilities (such as storage,
infrastructure and market information. Even the bigger market areas lack the standard
infrastructure which facilitates the linkage among urban and rural areas.
✓ Sloppy topography (unable to use the land efficiently)
IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS
The base map that was implemented in 2005 E.C has raised anger among the society because it
didn’t have public opinion and approval by the community in chencha city. This has led the city
from bad to worse, as an implication, chencha city was known for its compact neighborhoods but
this plan has distorted the society and left 85 households without map because they were not
included in the plan, it caused unbalanced infrastructure since it was planned regional level and
didn’t go through detailed investigation and didn’t have public participation. Due to these
reasons even, the plan was able to be implemented only 34% of it. Even though the plan is a
problem the administrative bureau could have stopped it from being implemented before it
fulfilled all the needed requirement, standard and public participation, but once again they didn’t
do their work so they let chencha and its society to suffer from poverty and poor lifestyle.
CHANGE OF LAND
In chencha town there are places that has legal land use changes
✓ Special function to residence: 5.47ha
✓ Forest to service: 2.01ha

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66 | P a g e
In chencha, the low on the height of building is currently in place on the main road, but it is not
implemented.
South western means to dorze side north western side means mesho side and western side, these
parts of the town are an expansion area.

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MAJOR FINDINGS , KEY POTENTIALS, KEY PROBLEMS
Major findings
• The whole infrastructure network still hasn't grown to the required extent
• Lacks the required marketing infrastructure
• Absence of agro-processing industries
• Unbalanced housing demand and supply
• Low standard housing
• Low permeability
• Inadequate street amenities
• The appropriate hierarchy is not observed on streets
• More than 70% of the streets are earth
• Lack of job opportunities
• Poor drainage and waste disposal system
• Sever soil erosion and environmental degradation
• Sloppy and broken topography
• Low investment and industry development
• Low micro and small enterprise development
• Urban agriculture is the future source of finance
• Low maintenance of infrastructure
• The base map is a big problem
• The last 2 years they have been got more than 100% from revenue
• The water supply is below standard
• The main road has no drainage system
• There is high risk of flooding
Key Potentials
o Human power resource that can participate at any development endeavors
o High potentials in tourism attraction
o Peace and stable administration structures
o Fertile arable land and irrigation potential
o Availability of governmental and private financial institutions
o Availability of hydroelectric power supply, rural telephones
o Strong market linkage with neighboring countries
o Urban agriculture
Key Problems
▪ Uneven distribution of rainfall
▪ Lack of infrastructure
▪ Low standard housing
▪ Lack of job opportunity
▪ Substandard drainage system

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 ▪ Poor solid and liquid waste management
▪ Sloppy topography
▪ More than 70% of the street are earth
▪ Lack of job opportunity
▪ Low permeability
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength
➢ Urban agriculture
➢ Good revenue collection method
➢ Human power available
➢ Fertile soil
➢ High percentage of greenery
➢ Use of local material
➢ Level 1 and level 2 land owned by kebele
Weakness
➢ The whole infrastructure network still hasn't grown to the required extent
➢ Lacks the required marketing infrastructure
➢ Absence of agro-processing industries
➢ Unbalanced housing demand and supply
➢ Low standard housing
➢ Low permeability
➢ Building height regulation is not implemented
➢ Inadequate street amenities
➢ The appropriate hierarchy is not observed on streets
➢ More than 70% of the streets are earth
➢ Lack of job opportunities
➢ Poor drainage and waste disposal system
➢ Sever soil erosion and environmental degradation
➢ Low investment and industry development
➢ Low micro and small enterprise development
➢ The water supply is below standard
➢ The main road has no drainage system
Opportunity
➢ Good market linkage with neighboring towns
➢ Tourism sites near chencha
➢ Resource providing towns nearby
➢ Ability to get in UNDP financial aid program
Threat

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 ➢ Sloppy
➢ There is high risk of flooding
➢ Erratic rainfall and recurrent hunger season
➢ High immigration rate
SWOT MATRIX
• The site has high potential on urban agriculture but because of less infrastructure can’t be
productive based on this infrastructure first provide.
• Human power available but the agro-proccesing industries are not available by providing
agro-proccesing we can use human power and increase city revenue income.
• Void space to grow helps as to satisfy housing demand and economic development.
• Level 1 and level 2 land grade owned by kebele this helps us to improve housing
condition, infrastructure, permeability, and standard issues solved easily and easy to pay
compensation.
• Improving the handmade production into modern textile garment it gives solution for lack
of job opportunity.
• The land type is slopy this helps us to manage solid and liquid waste disposal
management easily and on the other hand makes as to work us to manage soil erosion.
OT
• Finical aid from UNDP aid program help to solve flooding risk and environmental
protection.
• Tourism site should be improve to solve immigration rate by creating job opportunity.
o by using resource wisely solving erratic rain fall.
Center Of Excellence
Chencha town is known with these 3 things
✓ Micro industry
✓ Urban agriculture
✓ Market linkage
✓ Tourism

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Vision , Goals And Strategies
Vision:
“In 2025 Create a livable urban environment and a market - oriented economy, that strongly tied
with surrounding towns.”
Goals:
1.Establish a clear framework for the development of transportation and linkage to surrounding
towns.
2.Create a plan that meets the needs of residents while protecting and enhancing the natural
environment
3.Establish full-blown and efficient recreational areas and open spaces.
4.Foster economic development.
5.Create more efficient use of land for housing problems and alternative use of materials.
Objectives with strategies:
-To ensure that transportation infrastructure meets the needs of the town’s residents,
visitors, and businesses linkage to neighborhood towns.

➢Investing in transportation such as

•bus stations -build public toilet, standard offices, outdoor furniture with shade.
-open another alternative gate.
-make wide the area of the bus station
•street amenities -place street signs and street lights in the town.
-built street scape or street median.
•Pavements - change the station’s pavement to asphalt.
pedestrians -create walk ways.
•Street width- make wide the existing narrow local roads.

➢Work with communities to develop new roads to create link with neighborhood towns.
•Create active involvement of the community.
•Collect financial support from the community.

➢Invest in new proposed streets to create linkage to different neighborhoods.

•Construct new proposed streets.

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 •Alter the existing pavement to asphalts and cobble stone.
-To Promote environmental sustainability and preservation.

➢Relocate the existing main abattoir

➢Place trash cans and public toilet around the town

➢Promote the use of solar energy for public and private buildings as well as street
lighting

➢Place garbage bin in the town to collect solid wastes

➢implement other options and excavate quarries for waste disposal.

➢Arrange soiled waste transportations.

➢Built companies which processes, and recycle the waste for use again

➢Construct the Drainage System for the town

-To Enhance public access to green spaces and recreational areas.

➢Create open spaces in residence areas

➢construct parking area within walking distance

➢Renovate the existing recreational area

-Promote equitable economic development and help reduce poverty.

➢Creating a more favorable business environment for private sector investment.

➢Enhancing labor productivity

➢Push the government in order to help entrepreneurship

➢Create new and improve local tourist destinations by integrating with the community’s
lifestyle and traditions.

➢ Create strong linkage with nearly tourist destinations places and built enough rest
rooms, hotels, traditional lodges, restaurants in order to attract more visitor to the town
and to accelerate the economic development of the town.
-To attract tourists and foster economic development of the town.

➢Create new and improve local tourist destinations by integrating with the community’s
lifestyle and traditions.

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 ➢show the town's historical background, norms and traditions by placing different
statues and pavilions in the town.

➢Create strong linkage with the surrounding tourist destinations places and built enough;
•Rest rooms,
•Hotels and traditional lodges,
•Restaurants to attract more visitor to the town and to accelerate the economic
development of the town.
-To paying special attention to affordable housing.

➢Increase number of houses in municipality with proper infrastructure.

➢Repairing governmental housing

➢Supporting the development of the town by inviting investor to the cities in the housing
sector

➢Promote use of local material and exercising another approach

-Expand Agro-product centers and industries.

➢establishing agro-industries based on the town

▪ dairy industries
▪ poultry farming
▪ weaving

Contour Map And Slope Analysis

The above figure shows the topography of Chencha town in contour line. The line is drawn on a
topographic map to indicate ground elevation or depression. The black one is called contour
interval which shows the vertical distance or difference in elevation between contour lines. And
the red one is contours Index that appear at every fifth contour line.

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ACCORDING SUITABILITY
0-2% Is flat and used for agricultural purpose
2-5% Is rolling and used for large scale development such as sport filed, industries ,health
complex
5-8% Is gently rolling and also used for high density residential
8-12% Sloppy suitable for low density residential, mid density residential 15-20% Hilly
restricted from construction activates and covered by vegetation
>20% Is characterized by lakes

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Based on the slope analysis our suggestion presented in 5 samples of the area
• The first bubble shows :- mostly comfortable for agricultural and industry purpose
• The second,third,fifth bubble shows:- preferable for high,middle and low residential areas
• The last bubble :- difficult topography for construction and only preferable for
greenery,landscape,vegetations

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STRUCTURAL PROPOSAL

A structure plan is an important planning tool that provides a framework for the
coordinated provision and organization of future land use patterns, transportation networks
and routes, public open space, conservation and protected areas, and utility areas, as well as
other investments. It outlines the direction and future growth of an urban region in relation
to the national development as well as the sectoral policies and goals.
Such kind of Plans are primarily created to address local difficulties and challenges in order
to promote a healthy environment and increase citizen productivity. For this reason, we try
to took enough questioner among the society and residents' involvement throughout the
planning process is crucial for the production of a structure plan for the study area since it
helps collect data and fosters a sense of ownership and belonging. Therefore, important
concerns and problems that need to be addressed throughout the plan preparation are
outlined below and those are major identified problems which should be addressed during
proposal:
▪ Lack of drainage lines cause flooding problem
▪ Environmental degradation
▪ Lack of proper management of sewerage
▪ Insufficient open space for playground, recreation
▪ Standardize (spatially) the education and health services
▪ Due to lack of investment cause attenuate industry development
▪ Low micro and small enterprise development
▪ Lack of employing opportunities & increasing unemployment
▪ Social services are not good enough to address society and needs further improvements
▪ It is better modernizing marketing system and deliver necessary marketing
facilities (such as storage, infrastructure and market information
▪ Promoting Agro-processing industries mainly in fruits products
▪ Exerting more efforts to promote Micro and small Enterprises as the sector is
still found to be less developed and its role in the economic linkages remains
insignificant
▪ Current Housing policy has drawback and need to be revised.
▪ Lack of good road pavement affects commercial activity and make the town less
developed
▪ Most of the society leads their life with weaving work and it is better to modernize
with material and working system
In addition, we have conducted major issues based on the land use of the town like; The Large
no of residencias in the city center, the Incompatibility around CBD areas, the Proposed road
networks are not implemented, the Shortage of industrial zones or factories for the society to
work in the lack of Proper areas for pastoralism and Green infrastructure protection.
Taking those issues in consideration we have proposed solutions like; Coordinating mixed use
housing development and redevelopment along mass transit lines and business corridors; -

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Providing production premises to MSEs nearby market areas with accessible routes - Providing
farms and agricultural facilities,
Urban Planning Principles Adopted in the Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework takes into account the structure, distribution, and density of land uses
that may help realize the vision's key components as well as the qualities of sustainable urban
design. The purpose of this concept plan is to reorient Chencha's land use framework going
forward by placing its vision, long-term objectives, and development policies/strategies into
context.
Polycentric Urban Development
polycentric development promotes functional decentralization, provides better opportunity for
effective town mass transportation system and empowers local community. Polycentric urban
center organization is selected to structure Chencha town. It encourages self-sufficient (in
administration, service provision) smaller local entities like Kebeles.
Introducing transit oriented urban development (TOD): Edge settlements could be managed
using the concept of transit-oriented urban development. The average depth from the main line
(main transport routes) shall be small so that every physical development can be located within a
walking distance accessible to a mass transport line. In other words, any urban extension should
consider transport as an organizing element.
Ensure connections
▪ The creation of simple connections within neighborhoods and throughout the city
provides increased accessibility for pedestrians, bicyclists, transit riders and drivers and
expanding infrastructure will provide more opportunities for development
▪ A well-integrated system of roads, paths and transit routes that encourages different
modes of movement through the city creates a well-designed and efficient circulation
system (resulting in a vibrant and healthy city)
▪ Increases the ability to provide well-being throughout the city by promoting festivals,
events, and farmers markets
▪ Linking people to activities throughout the city enables greater civic and community
participation, enriching the urban fabric, human experience, and overall health of the city.
Produce great, green streets
▪ Design streets to incorporate elements that enhance human scale, embrace neighborhood
character, provide green infrastructure and balance needs for many modes of sustainable
transit, including pedestrians, bicyclists, automobiles and transit
▪ Promote streets which are more than conduits of movement and can incorporate
sustainable, green infrastructure, to provide open space and easy access to the outdoors

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Generate public open space
▪ The creation of public open space is essential to the health of residents and the physical
environment and Public open space helps bind a city together by linking parks, people,
and destinations, public open space can create common activities, interests, and cultural
events for the Town Center, which allows diverse groups of people to gather and
socialize
▪ fosters a culture of creativity and innovation for all ages in the design of public and
private open spaces, art works, buildings, landscape, and use of materials
▪ promotes an image of a city that never sleeps, a vibrant street life, and thus looks and
feels successful, adds value by increasing the economic viability of urban development
and create a strong sense of place
▪ encourage the development of high quality, lively, and attractive mixed-use urban
environments.
Promote Diversified and mixed-use development
▪ encourage mixed-use developments where living, working, shopping, and recreation
thrive and work at all hours of the day and night for users and passers-by.
▪ A broader choice of housing and a variety of local economic, social and recreational
activities provides residents and visitors with a range of experiences and choices, and
creates diversified and healthy neighborhoods
Compact Town Development
▪ to use an appropriate and sufficient living density to support local services and passenger
transport facilities.
▪ promote the increase in density, intensity, and diversity of use of land that is within and
in close proximity of urban centers and along major public transport corridors
▪ discourage low-density development on land that is within and in close proximity of
urban centers and along major public transport corridors.
Promote smart growth for sustainable development of Chencha town
▪ To enhance the use, enjoyment, and advantages of existing public facilities and
community activities to attract intensive development.
▪ To ensure that new developments fit with the physical, heritage, and local character of the
site and contribute to creating a coherent sense of place and identity.
▪ To ensure that the design of buildings and spaces are appropriate for their purpose,
setting, and grain of the existing neighborhood.
▪ To ensure that new buildings and spaces contribute to enhancing rather than undermining
the overall quality of public amenity.
▪ to provide for urban amenities and services only where and when they are needed.
▪ To promote walking, cycling, and public transport as the preferred means of access and
lifestyle in the urban centers for both locals and tourists.

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 ▪ To ensure that the intrinsic value of ecological, cultural, amenity, and intrinsic values of
the environment are utilized and enhanced in public and private developments.
▪ To design streets, buildings, and places that make people safe and feel safe while in the
public or own private spaces.
▪ To encourage a range of living, working, shopping and recreational activities on public
environments and streets at different times of the day and night
Major Land Use Considerations
Land use plan is the spatial interpretation of the Structure Plan. The different major land use
zones are environment (green frame), transport hub, main development town center, major
industrial areas, major street network and major protected forest and green area. The above-
mentioned major land use categories appear on the land use map in the following form:
Commercial
The most dynamic and energetic aspect of an urban region is its commercial land use. The
majority of the time, centers are where the majority of commercial land use occurs, or where the
majority of commercial activities at least those on the higher end are located. While the projected
business activity on commercially zoned land and in mixed residential zones may appear
comparable, they differ in magnitude and nature. Financial and recreational services are included
in the commercial land use category of services. Businesses, as well as the retail and wholesale
trade, are commercial endeavors. Therefore, the pattern of land use, particularly the urban form,
must take into account these unique qualities of commercial operations.
Social service
To create a healthy and economically productive society, it is very crucial to nurture the human
resource of a country, city-region or a city. Hence, making certain that appropriate qualities of
services are made available at close proximity to users becomes essential. This includes social
services such as education, sport and health facilities. To enhance its manageability, space for the
implementation of selected tiers of services are reserved (i.e., from health centers to general
hospitals, from high schools to hi-tech specialized colleges, from playground to parks). The
reserved space shall be developed for the designated functions within the planning period.
Location, accessibility, and compatibility are the main considerations for designating land.
Environment
One of important component of urban structure is the environment, and a sizeable amount of the
urban boundary falls under this broad land use category. The development of potential public
parks for recreational purposes and the protection of water sources—both surface and ground—
as well as the environment from man-made and natural disasters (such as erosion and pollution)
are prioritized. Environmental proposals also have as their foundation’s recreation and food
production (including urban agriculture). Finding supplies for building materials for cities while
ensuring that they won't harm the environment and expanding access to food through urban
agriculture are other major issues. When reserving land for urban agriculture, various factors are
taken into account, including geography, and the availability of surface and ground water.

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To prevent landslides, erosion, and at the same time, to reduce river pollution, muddy areas and
river banks need to be covered with greenery. In general, sites with slopes more than 20% fall
under the category of "green land use." There are numerous areas that have potential for ground
and surface water. Additionally, locations for ground water replenishment are marked so that
they will be hidden in vegetation. These sites may occasionally be used for residential
construction or urban farming. For new parks, green spaces and open places are noted. The parks
have been placed in as many accessible and evenly scattered sites throughout the town as
possible. Additionally, these parks will include a variety of recreational amenities.
Manufacturing and storage
The Structure Plan introduces new concept to structure land use for manufacturing and storage.
The location of industries is planned and a separate zone is created by considering its implication
on the environment, infrastructure, economies of scale and agglomeration economies
Street Network
By considering commercial linkage of Chencha in neighborhood Kebele and woredas arterial
streets are provided to facilitate traffic and regional linkage and to develop commercial linkage
inside the city and to create livable and walkable street sub arterial and collector streets are
provided with sufficient and standard facilities.
Municipal services
These services are essential for the smooth running and sometimes, existence of urban areas.
Cemeteries (burial places), solid and liquid waste disposal and treatment, fire hazard protection,
water supply, power supply and storm water management are solely carried out by the
government (by municipality). These important facilities require space. Each has its own
standard and requirements. Population, natural resource, terrain and accessibility are major
parameters determining standard. Environmental susceptibility, wind direction and related with
this, optimum distance are parameters to locate liquid and solid waste treatment and damping
sites respectively. On the other hand, central locations (dense areas), and availability of arterial
street are prime factors for locating fire stations. In fact, enhancing the capacity to avoid and
alleviate future challenges in this area will take precedence over all other considerations. On-
going massive redevelopment undertakings are producing a number of high rise buildings.
Therefore, every station should be equipped with the necessary equipment’s to protect residents
from potential associated challenges.
Mixed Residential Use
The concept of mixed use usually applies when residential function is found mixed with other
compatible activities. The mixed-use concept limits trips, encourages working, living and getting
service nearby. The inherent idea embedded within the concept of mixed use or mixites is the
creation of a vibrant environment (economically and socially). To meet these important planning
objectives, mixed residence land use is very important. Understanding the nature, level and form
of mixites is therefore necessary to manage it well. This will in turn prevent it from becoming a
liability for development

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High density mixed residence
High density mixed residence land use is located along main street corridor lines with a depth of
up to 80m or 120m. The land use of such area will have commercial activities and businesses at
the ground floor of buildings, or the function at human scale will be commerce to make the street
level activity lively. Any development within a designated high density mixed residence should
accommodate at least 50% residence. Minimum gross density is 70 housing units per hectare
(70hu/ha).
Medium and low density
mixed residence Within the mixed residence land use, density varies from the center to periphery
depending on location in relation to the transport system and width of street. This variation in
density is also reflected in building height and functions. densification on existing built-up area
is the available option to accommodate future urban growth. The proposed minimum gross
densities for medium and low-density mixed residence is 34hu/ha.
Housing
Demand The demand for housing during the planning period is forecasted taking into account
six important variables, namely the existing stock, population growth, backlog, dilapidation,
overcrowding, conversion and contingency.

Populatio New New House unit Backlog Contingency Total

n in 2025 household house to be house
formation demolished deman
(NF) (HD) d
38246 1751 1751 50 312 10% 2324

POPULATION PROJECTION

Pt=Po*ert (Pt=population in 2025)

P2025=29490*e2.6%*10 ------------ r=2.6 Ethiopian current population growth rate

P2025=2949
0*e0.26
P2025=2949
0*1.296
P2025=3824

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HOUSE DEMAND

Housing demand=BL + NF + HD
Backlog =312

house to be demolished = 30 slums house and 20 house in bad condition according to

material and age new house hold formation = 38249 – 29490/5

8759/5 = 1751

Housing demand= BL + NF + HD + CG

Housing Contingency = (312 + 1751 + 50) * 10%

CG= 211

HOUSING DEMAND=2113 +211 HOUSING DEMAND=2324 HU

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Specific Land use

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General land Use

Land Grading map

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We grade land for giving value and we graded the land with 3 level based on slope suitability,
access of infrastructure and ability to getting service. Level 1 is more suitable based and high
value because of near to the arterial street and density of the population. level 2 moderate land
value moderate infrastructure and suitable slope for development and attractive for investment
even when we compare to level 1 level 2 may advisable based on budget. Level 3 its far from
infrastructure and less social service and the slope is not comfortable that much for development

Street Map

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 Open Space and ENVIROMENT
Waste Management and Pollution
The Town produces a variety of wastes that need to be adequately managed due to the ever-
increasing economic, social, and administrative activities.
Around 70% of the solid trash produced in chencha is carelessly discarded in residential areas,
with the other 30% being collected but put at restricted Maryam church dumping sites in an
unhygienic way. The relocating site to gate of chencha on zozo direction for redaction of
anticipated and significant risks to public and environmental health.
Similarly, the availability of household level sanitation facilities leaves a lot to be desired. About
70% of the population uses pit-latrines as onsite sanitation facility, while the available public
toilet almost zero
Energy
In this plan, energy related issues are addressed in consideration of its relationship with the
physical environment. The major energy sources of Addis Ababa include biomass, electricity and
petroleum products.

PROPOSALS
Goals
The Structure Plan for environmental protection and development aims at contributing to the live
ability of chencha by:

▪ Providing adequate, accessible, networked and functional green spaces

▪ limiting vulnerability to environmental disasters
▪ ensuring sustainable management and use of natural resources
▪ maintaining a clean environmGoal 1: Effective and sustainable waste management services
• Reduce the amount of solid waste indiscriminately dumped in residential neighborhoods.
• Minimize the amount of solid waste to be transported to landfill sites.
• Responsibly manage the solid waste to be transported to landfill sites.
• Increase the coverage of the sanitary sewer system.
• Increase the amount of domestic wastewater that is treated; and
• Abolish open air defecation.
Goal 2: Clean water and air
Make sure that ground- and surface-water resources are clean and serve the necessary
socioeconomic and ecological purposes. To reduce risks to public health, maintain good indoor
and outdoor air quality.

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Increase energy conservation and the use of clean energy sources; identify the scope and size of
air pollution; reduce water pollution from point and non-point sources; reduce emissions of air
pollutants from stationary and mobile sources; and improve indoor air quality.
Goal 3: multifunctional green spaces
Green spaces with many uses that could promote social harmony, economic development, and
environmental protection.
Increase the amount of green space that is accessible to each person, as well as the amount of
green space overall that provides many ecosystem services.
Goal 4: Safe environment
This can be achieved through safeguarding citizen life and property against natural disasters
including landslide, and flooding.
• Reduce the risk of life and property loss from flooding.
• Reduce the risk of life and property loss from landslide.
• Institute a holistic natural hazard planning, response and recovery system; and
• Minimize complaints and hazards associated with active and abandoned quarry sites.
General Proposals
Effective and sustainable waste management services
• Guarantee that there are enough waste separation bins in every planned residential
neighborhood, large institution, and restaurant.
• Supply enough and suitable waste separator containers at marketplaces and in unplanned
settlements, and.
Clean water and air
• Relocate polluting industries that are found within 100m distance from riverbanks to
designated zones.
• Ensure that discharges from municipal wastewater treatment plants meet applicable
standards.
• Restrict development near surface water and on groundwater potential areas.
Multifunctional green spaces
Rehab of river buffers: As circumstances permit, provide a buffer up to 30 meters wide along
river courses. River buffers should be designed so that they serve a variety of purposes, such as
(a) conservation forestry on sloppy areas with permanent plants (b) the growth of fruit and
vegetable trees on softer slopes (c) and the development of recreational parks on softer slopes.

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 Street trees: All pedestrian walkways should be planted with shade trees; road medians should
be planted with shade providing plants; street corridors should be planted with ornamental and
shade providing plants.
Safe environment
• Construct flood control structures at or upstream of major flood prone areas,
• Ensure that the design and construction of buildings is in compliance with applicable seismic
code of the country,

Specific Proposals
Effective, and sustainable waste management services

▪ Promoting organic waste transform e.g., composting, animal feed

Construct 10 new public toilets (with 7 seats) at busy quarters (e.g., market centres, transport
stations and parks)
multifunctional green spaces
Development and management of recreational and special function parks. Urban open spaces
typically provide for outdoor recreation, park land, municipal depots, playing fields, parks,
picnic areas, pavilion, landscape buffers, and neighborhood walkways. By providing
opportunities for outdoor passive and active leisure, enhancing the aesthetic value of urban areas
and improving quality of life, and enhancing the environmental values of the urban landscape,
open space protection aims to address the recreational and social demands of city people. We
observe that there is no efficient green space and public recreation area. But the vegetation
coverage chencha town has high green coverage by local vegetation type like enset and bamboo

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SOCIAL SERVICE
Goals
• Expand the coverage of government schools, health services and sport facilities.
• Improve the quality of educational and health services; and
• Ensure equitable spatial distribution and better access of sport facilities
To accomplish the objectives, there are a variety of chances that can be fully utilized.
Government policy and the public sector in general are two significant factors. For example, the
The Town Government has focused on improving the quality of education in particular and
social services in general, as well as on fostering an atmosphere that will encourage private
sector involvement in the area. Like this, the existence of several sports clubs and supporters can
be very helpful in promoting different sports and sporting events. The management of land and it
lack continue to present significant issues.
General Proposal
Education

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• Ensure balanced spatial distribution of schools.
• Renovate existing primary and secondary schools.
• Allocate area (space) for expansion of schools that have below standard plot size.
• Ensure that plots to be reserved for the construction of additional schools are sufficient and
compatible with nearby functions.
Health
• Ensure balanced spatial distribution of health institutions.
• Construct additional health institutions.
• Upgrade existing health centres into primary hospitals.
• Ensure the availability of medical personnel according to the recommended standard by
adapting appropriate remuneration and incentive mechanisms
• Provide public health institutions with the required medical equipment and instruments
Specific Proposals
Education
Throughout the city, there are numerous various kinds of schools, including more than 11
elementary (1-8) schools. There are more than 4 (1-4) privately owned elementary schools in
addition to two secondary high schools and one secondary preparation school. There is also one
TEVT College.
According to the MoE's guidelines, a kindergarten can hold up to 240 children, a primary school
can hold up to 2000 students, and a high school can hold up to 3000 pupils of that age. Also,
according to the MoE's requirements, primary school education is considered accessible if it is
within a two-kilometer walking distance of where the kids live. If students can walk up to these
distances to get to school at that age, the equivalent for high school is three kilometers.
According to the topography of the land, kindergartens should also be situated within a radius of
0.5 to 1 kilometer.
• Maximum serving capacity for a KG= 240 students.
• Current age group eligible for KG enrollment (4-6) = 1438
• forecasted age group eligible for KG school enrollment= 1798
• Additional schools needed implement by LDP
• Maximum serving capacity for a primary schools = 2000 students.
• Current age group eligible for primary school enrollment (7- 14) = 2744
• forecasted age group eligible for primary school enrollment= 3434

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• Additional schools needed= 0
• Maximum serving capacity for a secondary school= 3000 students.
• Current age group eligible for secondary school enrollment (15-18) = 1752
• forecasted age group eligible for secondary school enrollment= 2192
• Additional schools needed= 0
Health
The city's general hospital, which was founded in 1955, provides healthcare to the town's
residents. The general hospital serves not only the residents of Chencha but also those in nearby
Worde. The community features three public health centers, seven private clinics, one public
health station, and four private pharmacies. The city's general hospital, which was founded in
1955, provides healthcare to the town's residents. The general hospital serves not only the
residents of Chencha but also those in nearby Worde. The community features three public
health centers, seven private clinics, one public health station, and four private pharmacies.
Sport Facilities
• Reserve plots for sport fields.
• Reserve plots for playgrounds at the kebele level.
• Reserve plots for medium size stadium, gymnasium and ground tennis court
• Rehabilitate and upgrade the existing sport facilities
. • Implement the previous plan’s proposal to construct a large stadium
• Protect plots reserved for sport facilities from illegal occupation and construction.
MUNCIPAL SERVICE
Major Goals
• Revise the existing worship place/follower’s standard as per the city’s context and provide
land as per the norms and standards of the Structure Plan.
• Provide adequate, accessible and properly managed municipal cemeteries.
• provide slaughtering house to control illegal slaughtering, and sheep and goat sales, and
insuring dwellers health.
• provide protection station Fire for reduction of property losses, human injuries and fatalities
caused by fire accidents.
Sanitation, Beautification and Recreation Development and Administration Agency to modernize
cemeteries are opportunities that can positively influence the provision of better municipal
services. But land related problems (shortage and poor management) remain detrimental in the

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provision of improved municipal services, including worship places. By promoting and giving
land based on the size of the followers of the religion.
General Proposals
Worship Places
• Ensure equitable spatial distribution of worship places; and
• Develop a regulation to control unplanned development of worship places
Cemeteries
• Adopt modern cemetery management systems and encourage reusing existing cemeteries; and
• Create buffer zone between cemeteries based on religion and surrounding functions
Slaughterhouse
• relocating the existing slaughterhouse
• modifying and modernizing
Fire Protection and Prevention
• establishing fire protection station
• extend the mandate of FEPPA so that it can regulate building safety standards as per the
relevant proclamation.
•establishing hydrant point in key areas guarantee that water is available at hydrant sites
Specific Proposals
cemeteries: Based on the anticipated mortality the demand for cemeteries is estimated. Based on
predicted population growth, expected mortality rates in the future. And 3.38m2 is the normal
amount of area needed for a single burial. Therefore, even though there are more than enough
burial spaces in municipal cemeteries to satisfy everyone, 9.8 hac of land are allotted for
cemeteries for religious and cultural purposes.
Worship place: The current worship space to follower ratio has to be adjusted. While waiting,
land for places of worship can be offered in mixed residential land use while adhering to the
Structure Plan's guidelines
Fire Protection and Prevention: According to information obtained from Town administration
and Gamo gofa Emergency Prevention and Control Agency, the office has a plan to open 1
station. The stations will be constructed in downtown Infront of town administration because
based on the manual station should be in mid cites.

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Slaughterhouse: Since the existing main slaughterhouse is incompatible with nearby functions,
its relocation to gate way of the town (ha.) and there will be 1 slaughterhouse for the town with
modern and in addition of mini market.

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Building Height

The height of a building is measured from ground floor finish level to the upper most rooftop of
the building. Therefore as the above figure shows that we have classed the town based on the
existing building heights in order to solve the Chencha town future problems

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Expansion map

The road, the land use, and the slope determine the expansion area. Although as the majority of
expansions are situated according to the slope's suitability, some are for other factors. The
northwest expansion region is dependent on the slope's suitability as well as following the road
to Mesho. Another cause is the grade of the land. Following the industry and agriculture, there
may be expansion to the south

Mixed Commercial
Developing a Chencha town with a mix of commercial and residential activities is an important
concept for the town future growth. By introducing a variety of businesses, a small town can
create an economically vibrant community that stimulates growth. Furthermore, the presence of
commercial activities creates employment opportunities and provides essential services to the
town's local residents. Additionally, it helps to diversify the economy, which is especially
important to a small town as it can shield them from economic downturns that may occur in
certain industries.
Buildings typologies with mixed commercial usage are essential for urban planning process. By
combining commercial and residential spaces, it creates a well-rounded community in Chencha
town where individuals can both live and work. Mixed commercial buildings also promote more
foot traffic and support local businesses. Furthermore, they provide more opportunities for
entrepreneurs to open up new businesses in a small town like Chencha.

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In addition, structural planning is a critical part of town development and growth. A key element
in the planning process is building mixed-use commercial spaces. These spaces can provide
economic opportunities to small towns, allowing them to grow and support the local population.
Not only that, but the integration of residential and commercial use in one space can create
vibrant public areas, allowing for dynamic social interaction and activity.
Chencha town often have the challenge of effectively utilizing their limited space for their
commercial needs. As a Urban planner we tried to solve this challenge by designing mixed-used
commercial buildings that allow the town to make the most of the limited amount of space.
Mixed-used buildings combine two or more different types of businesses in one space, allowing
for multiple types of income to be generated in a smaller area. These areas also provide a variety
of services and businesses to the residents while creating a unique atmosphere and identity for
the town

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Multipurpose River Side Buffer with Stair
There are multipurpose stairs in this area that act as a buffer and an amphitheater that is good for
sitting in and essential for stopping erosion while also adding aesthetic value to the area.
Additionally, there is a vegetation buffer that is used to prevent unpleasant odors and help give
pleasant odors to the area, to preserve water for an extended period of time, and to attract birds
and improve the environment.

Designed Bamboos with Local Material

There are intricately designed bamboos in this area, along with outdoor furniture, lighting, and
vegetation that give the area an attractive appearance and serve as one of the entrances to the
riverside landscape.

Detail Landscape Design

This area has intricately designed bamboos, as well as outdoor furniture, a basketball court, a
bike path, lighting, and vegetation that gives the area an attractive appearance and serves as one
of the entrances to the riverside landscape.

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Multifunctional Communal Space
This area is used as a multifunctional communal space for various activities in order to provide a
place for making various traditional and cultural activities, celebrating religious festivals and
activities such as pottery, handwave, and creating a social attachment and interactions.

Multipurpose river side buffer with stair

The playground contains a space for the public to enjoy outdoor activities, such as path ways,
greenery and playing space. The design includes a variety of amenities, including a playground,
shade structures, benches, and paths. The playground will also feature landscaping, such as trees
and shrubs, to enhance the natural beauty of the area. In addition, the plan includes different
functionalities to help visitors find their way around the area. This proposed site plan will help
provide an enjoyable experience for those who visit the place.

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Final rendering

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