Lesson 04

Operations Management
Types of Production Systems

Dr. Inderdeep Singh

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

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Operations Management Frame Work
• Operations Management framework is
divided into 5p’s
- Product
- Plant
- Programme
- Processes
- People
Product
- It is link between production and marketing.
A product must have:
- Performance
- Quality and reliability
- Aesthetics and ergonomics
- Quantity and selling price
- Delivery schedule
Plant
• The plant accounts for major investment (fixed assets)
• The plant is concerned with;
- Design and layout of building and offices
- Reliability and maintenance of equipment
- Safety of operations
• Plant layout must allow smooth movement of men and
material.
• Type of layout dependent on production type, volume of
demand etc.
Process
• Methods used to create a product
Selection of a particular process depends on following factors;
- Available capacity
- Manpower skills available
- Type of production
- Layout of plant
- Safety
- Maintenance required
- Manufacturing cost
Programme
• Programme refers to the timetable of production.

• Programme prepares schedule for;

- Purchasing
- Transforming
- Maintenance
- Cash
- Storage and transport
People
• People are part of organization. Progress of organization
depends on attitude and skills of working people
• Job satisfaction of people depends on good match between
people and jobs
It is possible by:-
- Motivation
- Training of employees
- Condition of work/safety
- Proper wages/salary
Production System
• Manufacturing subsystem that includes
all functions required to design, produce, distribute,
and service a manufactured product.
• Elements:
– Input
– Transformation
– Output
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Types of Production system is grouped under two
categories :
• Intermittent Production
System
• Continuous Production
System

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Intermittent production system
 Intermittent means something that starts (initiates) and stops
(halts) at irregular (unfixed) intervals (time gaps)
 In the intermittent production system, goods are produced
based on customer's orders
 large varieties of products are produced. Production of goods
of acceptable quality
 This system is very flexible

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Features of an intermittent production system

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Continuous production system
• Continuous means something that operates constantly
without any irregularities or frequent halts.
• Goods are produced constantly as per demand forecast.
• Goods are produced on a large scale for stocking and
selling
• Goods are not produced on customer order
• The inputs and outputs are standardized along with the
production process and sequence.
Source:- https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/presentation1
Features of an continuous production system

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Source:- https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/presentation1
 Project production flows

• Here, company accepts a single, complex order or contract.

• The order must be completed within a given period of time
and at an estimated cost.
• Examples of project production flows mainly include,
construction of airports, dams, roads, buildings, shipbuilding,
etc.

Source:- https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/presentation1
Job production
• Here, company accepts a contract to produce either one or
few units of a product strictly as per specifications given by
the customer.
• The product is produced within a given period and at a fixed
cost. This cost is fixed at the time of signing the contract.
• Examples of such jobbing production flows include, services
given by repair shops, tailoring shops, manufacturer of
special machine tools, etc.
Source:- https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/presentation1
Batch production
• Here, the production schedule is decided according to
specific orders or are based on the demand forecasts.
• The production of items takes place in lots or batches.
• A product is divided into different jobs.
• All jobs of one batch of production must be completed before
starting the next batch of production.
• Examples of batch production flows include, manufacturing
of drugs and pharmaceuticals, medium and heavy
machineries, etc.
Source:- https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/presentation1
Batch Production

Source:- https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/presentation1
Source:- https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/presentation1
Mass production
• Here, company produces different types of products on a
large-scale and stock them in warehouses until they are
demanded in the market.
• The goods are produced either with the help of a single
operation or uses a series of operations.
• Example of mass production is the production of
toothpastes, soaps, pens, etc.

Source:- https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/presentation1
Process production

• Here, a single product is produced and stocked in warehouses

until it is demanded in the market.
• The flexibility of these plants is almost zero because only one
product can be produced.
• Examples of these plants include, steel, cement, paper, sugar,
etc.

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