CHAOTIC PULSE

侯博文 107206517
OUTLINE
1、CHAOTIC PULSE

2、PRINCIPLE

3、APPLICATIONS

4、REFERENCE
CHAOTIC PULSE
 CHAOTIC PULSE

With the development of science and technology, random

numbers have important applications in the field of secure
communications, and are often used as keys to encrypt
information.

In order to ensure the absolute security of communication, it is

necessary to generate random numbers whose code rate is not
lower than the communication rate, and must ensure that the
random numbers are unpredictable.
 CHAOTIC PULSE(CONT’D)

Then, the generation of high-speed physical random numbers

by chaotic pulse has gained widespread attention in recent
years.

Recently, Southwest Chiao tung University used an 8-bit ADC

and an off-line high-order finite-difference algorithm to
demonstrate that random numbers at a rate of 2.2 Tbit/s can
be generated by using an optical-feedback chaotic laser.
PRINCIPLE
 PRINCIPLE

1、optical feedback

2、optical injection
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

The optical feedback mechanism is to use the method of

splitting and reflection to send part of the output laser light
back to the laser cavity. The feedback light interacts with the
light field and carriers in the laser cavity to make the laser light
output dynamic behavior.
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

The relationship between the laser output power and the

injected current (carrier) intensity is called the L-I curve, which
is one of the most important basic characteristics of the laser.

By observing the L-I curve, we can find out the threshold

current of the laser.

The area lower the threshold current is called LED mode

(spontaneous emission). Higher the threshold current is called
LD mode (stimulated emission).
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

The expression of the threshold current density

Jth can be obtained from the linear relationship
between the gain coefficient g and the
injection current density J

: gain constant， : internal quantum efficiency，d: active layer

thickness， : zero current offset，Γ : optical confinement
parameter，α： internal loss，L： cavity length
R： mirror reflectivity
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

In the optical feedback system, the

feedback light will change the gain
of the original laser resonant cavity.
The relationship is as follows:

For a fixed external cavity length,

the gain effect increases with the
increase of the optical feedback.
When the feedback path length
increases slowly, the gain effect
will gradually decrease
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

In theory, we can use rate equations in time to describe the laser nonlinear
dynamic behavior of this light feedback system

A, φ and n represent the intensity of the light field, the phase of the light field and the carrier
concentration, respectively

The last term of the first two equations is the optical feedback term, which
includes the above two important modulation parameters: feedback
strength (κ) and feedback delay time (delay time, τ).
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

Under different feedback strengths

and feedback delay times, the laser
will exhibit various nonlinear dynamic
behaviors, for example: period-one
(P1) state, quasi-periodic (QP) state,
chaotic oscillation (CO) state, etc.
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

This figure is a state diagram of an optical

feedback system
the horizontal axis is the external cavity length

the vertical axis is the feedback level

Under different operating conditions, the

laser will exhibit different dynamic
behavior
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

The optical injection mechanism is to use the output of one

laser (as the main laser) into the resonant cavity of another
laser (as the sub-laser).
Make the laser light injected by the main laser interact with the
light field and carriers in the resonant cavity of the sub-laser,
so that the output of the sub-laser light behaves dynamically
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

In theory, we can use rate equations in time to describe the

nonlinear dynamic behavior of the laser for this optical
injection system

The last term of the first two equations is the optical injection term, which includes
two important modulation parameters: the optical injection strength and the
detuning frequency of the main and auxiliary lasers .
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

Under different light injection intensities and optical frequency

differences between the main and auxiliary lasers, the laser
will produce a variety of different nonlinear dynamic behaviors,
such as: stable locking (S), period-one (P1) state, period-two
(P2) state, chaotic oscillation (CO) state, etc.
 PRINCIPLE(CONT’D)

As shown in Figure, before the light is

injected, the angular frequency Ωinj of the
main laser and the angular frequency Ω0
of the auxiliary laser differ by Ωinj.

In this case, the oscillation angle

frequency of the laser can be expressed
by the following formula:
APPLICATIONS
 APPLICATIONS

1、Lidar
2、confidential communication
3、random number generator
REFERENCE
 REFERENCE

1： S. Tang and J. M. Liu “Chaotic Pulsing and Quasi-Periodic

Route to Chaos in a Semiconductor Laser with Delayed Opto-
Electronic Feedback”
2： Jesper Mark, Bjame Tromborg, and Jannik Mark “ Chaos in
Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback: Theory and
Experiment”
3： Fan-Yi Lin and Jia-Ming Liu, Senior Member, IEEE “Chaotic
Lidar”
THANKS