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रेनॉड का सिंड्रोम
Raynaud's syndrome आपकी उंगलियों और पैर की उंगलियों में छोटी रक्त वाहिकाओं में ऐंठन का
कारण बनता है। यह रक्त के प्रवाह को सीमित करता है और त्वचा के रंग में परिवर्तन, ठं डी त्वचा और एक
पिन और सुई की सनसनी जैसे लक्षणों की ओर जाता है। Raynaud के हमलों के सामान्य ट्रिगर्स में ठं ड
का मौसम और तनाव शामिल हैं। बहुत से लोगों में हल्के लक्षण होते हैं जिन्हें वे जीवनशैली में बदलाव
करके प्रबंधित कर सकते हैं।

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आउटलुक / पूर्वानुमान

इसके साथ जीना

अवलोकन

रेनॉड का सिंड्रोम क्या है?

Raynaud's (उच्चारण रे-नोड्स) सिंड्रोम एक विकार है जो आपकी उंगलियों और पैर की उंगलियों में
छोटी रक्त वाहिकाओं को प्रभावित करता है । यह आपकी नाक, होंठ या कान के लोब में रक्त वाहिकाओं
को भी प्रभावित कर सकता है। ठं डे तापमान या तनाव के जवाब में रेनॉड के कारण आपको एपिसोडिक
ऐंठन होती है, जिसे वैसोस्पैस्टिक अटैक कहा जाता है।
रेनॉड के हमले के दौरान, आपकी उंगलियों और पैर की उंगलियों में धमनियां और के शिकाएं जरूरत सेAd
ज्यादा कस जाती हैं। नतीजतन, प्रभावित क्षेत्र में आपकी त्वचा सफे द और फिर नीली हो जाती है। यह
रंग परिवर्तन इसलिए होता है क्योंकि आपके रक्त में ऑक्सीजन की कमी होती है। आपकी त्वचा भी
ठं डी या सुन्न महसूस कर सकती है। जैसे-जैसे आपकी रक्त वाहिकाएं आराम करती हैं और फिर से
खुलती हैं, आपकी त्वचा लाल दिख सकती है या झुनझुनी महसूस हो सकती है। एक हमला आमतौर पर
लगभग 15 मिनट तक रहता है।

रेनॉड के सिंड्रोम के विभिन्न प्रकार क्या हैं?

Raynaud's syndrome के दो मुख्य प्रकार हैं:
प्राथमिक रेनॉड सिंड्रोम (जिसे रेनॉड रोग भी कहा जाता है)।
द्वितीयक रेनॉड सिंड्रोम (जिसे रेनॉड की घटना भी कहा जाता है)।
नीचे दिया गया चार्ट सूचीबद्ध करता है कि आपको प्रत्येक प्रकार के बारे में क्या पता होना चाहिए।

कारण

Raynaud की बीमारी (प्राथमिक)

अनजान। एक अंतर्निहित बीमारी से जुड़ा नहीं है।

Raynaud की घटना (द्वितीयक)

अंतर्निहित बीमारी, स्थिति, दवा या जीवन शैली कारक।

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 लक्षण

Raynaud की बीमारी (प्राथमिक)

आमतौर पर हल्का (त्वचा के रंग में परिवर्तन, सुन्नता, झुनझुनी और सुई)। त्वचा के अल्सर या गैंग्रीन का कारण नहीं बनता
है।

Raynaud की घटना (द्वितीयक)

हल्का या अधिक गंभीर हो सकता है। त्वचा के अल्सर या गैंगरीन का कारण हो सकता है।

प्रसार

Raynaud की बीमारी (प्राथमिक)

और भी आम।

Raynaud की घटना (द्वितीयक)

कम प्रचलित।

इलाज

Raynaud की बीमारी (प्राथमिक)

जीवन शैली में परिवर्तन।

Raynaud की घटना (द्वितीयक) Ad

अंतर्निहित कारण लक्ष्य। इसमें दवाएं या प्रक्रियाएं शामिल हो सकती हैं।

Raynaud की बीमारी, Raynaud की घटना और Raynaud के सिंड्रोम में क्या अंतर है?
अधिकांश लोग इन शब्दों का परस्पर उपयोग करते हैं। लेकिन वैज्ञानिक उन्हें स्थिति के प्राथमिक और
द्वितीयक रूपों के बीच अंतर करने के लिए उपयोग करते हैं।
रेनॉड की बीमारी : यह अपने आप होता है और इसका किसी अन्य बीमारी या स्थिति से कोई संबंध
नहीं है। इसे प्राथमिक रेनॉड सिंड्रोम भी कहा जाता है।
रेनॉड की घटना : एक अंतर्निहित स्थिति, दवा या जीवन शैली कारक के कारण होता है। इसे
सेकें डरी रेनॉड सिंड्रोम भी कहा जाता है।
Raynaud's syndrome : स्थिति के प्राथमिक या द्वितीयक रूप को संदर्भित करता है।

क्या रेनॉड का सिंड्रोम गंभीर है?

प्राथमिक Raynaud का सिंड्रोम गंभीर नहीं है और आपकी रक्त वाहिकाओं को नुकसान नहीं पहुंचाता
है। यह आपकी कु छ दैनिक गतिविधियों को बाधित कर सकता है, लेकिन यह खतरनाक नहीं है।
माध्यमिक Raynaud का सिंड्रोम अधिक गंभीर हो सकता है। इससे त्वचा के अल्सर हो सकते हैं और,
शायद ही कभी, ऊतक मृत्यु (गैंग्रीन) हो सकती है। यह आपके जीवन की गुणवत्ता को भी प्रभावित कर
सकता है। इसके कारण होने वाली अंतर्निहित बीमारी अपने आप में गंभीर हो सकती है।

Raynaud का सिंड्रोम किसे प्रभावित करता है?

प्राथमिक Raynaud का सिंड्रोम आमतौर पर प्रभावित करता है:
लोगों ने जन्म के समय महिला को सौंपा।
30 साल से कम उम्र के लोग, अक्सर किशोरावस्था में शुरू करते हैं।
जिन लोगों का रेनॉड रोग का पारिवारिक इतिहास रहा है।
माध्यमिक Raynaud का सिंड्रोम आमतौर पर उन लोगों को प्रभावित करता है जिन्हें कोई अन्य बीमारी
या स्थिति है। यह उन लोगों को भी प्रभावित कर सकता है जो ऐसा काम करते हैं जो उनके हाथों पर Ad
बार-बार दबाव डालता है। यहां जानने के लिए कु छ तथ्य दिए गए हैं:
 स्क्लेरोडर्मा वाले लगभग 9 से 10 लोगों में रेनॉड की घटना होती है। यह कई वर्षों से उनके पास
एकमात्र स्के लेरोडर्मा लक्षण हो सकता है।
About 1 in 3 people with lupus have Raynaud’s phenomenon.
People with autoimmune conditions, especially connective tissue diseases,
are at higher risk of Raynaud’s.
People who use hand tools that vibrate (such as jackhammers or chain
saws) face a higher risk of Raynaud’s phenomenon. The condition is also
more common in pianists and keyboard operators.

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How common is Raynaud’s syndrome? Ad

Raynaud’s syndrome is common. Estimates vary, but Raynaud’s likely affects

up to 1 in 20 people in the U.S.
How does Raynaud’s syndrome affect my body?
Raynaud’s syndrome is an exaggerated version of a normal body process
called vasomotor response. Vasomotor response means your blood vessels
open up (vasodilation) and tighten (vasoconstriction) to help your body
respond to its environment.

For example, if it’s cold outside, blood vessels near your skin’s surface
constrict to move blood to veins deeper in your body. This allows your body to
conserve heat. Your blood vessels also constrict when you’re stressed to help
your body save oxygen.

Raynaud’s disrupts this normal body process and causes your blood vessels
to constrict more than they should. This interrupts your normal blood flow and
limits the oxygen available to your fingers or toes.

How does Raynaud’s disease affect my heart?

Primary Raynaud’s syndrome doesn’t affect your heart. But conditions
associated with secondary Raynaud’s syndrome may affect your heart. Talk
with your healthcare provider to learn if your condition affects your heart.

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 SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES

What are the symptoms of Raynaud’s syndrome?

Raynaud’s symptoms affect your skin and may include:

Color changes. As blood flow stops and then returns, your skin color may
change from white to blue to red. Some people don’t experience all three
changes in skin color.
Feeling cold or numb. This happens when your finger or other affected
body part isn’t receiving oxygen-rich blood. It feels like that part of your
body has “fallen asleep.”
Feeling warmth, tingling or throbbing: This happens as blood flow returns
to your affected body part.
Skin ulcers and gangrene: Longer or more frequent attacks may lead to Ad

painful sores on your fingertips. These sores can take a while to heal.
Rarely, lack of oxygen to your tissues may lead to tissue death (gangrene).
Symptoms of Raynaud’s syndrome are episodic. That means they come and
go. A typical episode, or attack, lasts about 15 minutes. But attacks may be
shorter or longer. Episodes are often associated with certain triggers such as
cold weather. Symptoms are usually mild in people with primary Raynaud’s
syndrome. People with secondary Raynaud’s syndrome may have more severe
symptoms, including skin ulcers.

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Raynaud’s can cause your skin to change color briefly . It may first look white
before turning blue then red. Your skin may also feel cold or numb at the start
of an attack due to reduced blood flow. When blood flow returns, your fingers
may feel warm or throb.

What triggers Raynaud’s disease?

Triggers that can lead to a Raynaud’s attack include:

Air-conditioned rooms or other cold spaces like the frozen food aisle in a
grocery store.
Anxiety, emotional stress or excitement.
Cold weather.
Holding a glass of ice water or another cold drink.
Reaching into the freezer.
Sweat that cools on your skin.

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What causes Raynaud’s syndrome?
Primary Raynaud’s syndrome has no identifiable underlying cause.

An underlying disease or condition usually causes secondary Raynaud’s

syndrome (Raynaud’s phenomenon). It’s especially common in people with
connective tissue diseases. Some of these diseases reduce blood flow to your
fingers and toes.

Other causes include repetitive motions and some medications. The lists
below break down the many causes of Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Diseases and conditions that can cause Raynaud’s phenomenon

Buerger’s disease (especially in people assigned male at birth who smoke).
Cancer.
Carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Dermatomyositis.
Hypothyroidism.
 Lupus.
Mixed connective tissue disease.
Peripheral artery disease (especially in people assigned male at birth over
age 50).
Polymyositis.
Pulmonary hypertension.
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Scleroderma and CREST syndrome.
Sjögren’s syndrome.
Thoracic outlet syndrome.
Vasculitis.

Medications and substances that can cause Raynaud’s

phenomenon
Beta-blockers.
Caffeine.
Chemotherapy (bleomycin, vinblastine).
Cocaine.
Decongestants containing phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine.
Epoxy resins.
Migraine medications containing ergotamine.
Nicotine.
Stimulant medications (like methylphenidate) that treat attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Other causes of Raynaud’s phenomenon Ad

Frostbite.
 Traumatic vasospasm from vibrating tools or repeated pounding with the
palm of your hand. This can include playing a piano.

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS

How is Raynaud’s syndrome diagnosed?

Healthcare providers can typically diagnose Raynaud’s syndrome from your
symptoms. Your provider may ask you to take photos of your skin changes
when they happen. Your provider may also perform a physical exam and talk
with you about your medical and family history.

Raynaud’s syndrome is usually easy to diagnose. But it may not be obvious

whether you have the primary or secondary form. That’s where diagnostic
testing can help.

What tests diagnose Raynaud’s syndrome?

Several diagnostic tests can help determine if you have primary or secondary
Raynaud’s syndrome.

One test that’s particularly useful is a nailfold capillaroscopy. For this test, your
provider places a drop of oil on your skin at the base of your fingernail. This
spot is called your nailfold. Your provider then looks at your nailfold under a
microscope. If your capillaries in the area are enlarged or abnormal, you may
have a connective tissue disease. This would indicate you likely have
secondary Raynaud’s syndrome. Ad

Other tests your provider may order include:

 Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test: Blood test that checks for autoimmune
diseases.
Complete blood count (CBC): Blood test that checks for a range of
conditions.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test: Blood test that detects
inflammation in your body. Helps diagnose rheumatoid and autoimmune
disorders, among other conditions.
Urinalysis: Urine test that checks for a range of conditions.
Pulse volume recording: Noninvasive test that checks blood flow in your
arms and legs.
Rheumatoid factor (RF) test: Blood test that checks for autoimmune
diseases.

These tests can help your provider identify or rule out underlying conditions as
causes of your Raynaud’s symptoms.

Who treats Raynaud’s syndrome?

You may receive care from healthcare providers in different specialties. That’s
because Raynaud’s syndrome can affect your body in many ways. It can also
result from a wide range of medical conditions. Providers who may help with
your diagnosis and treatment include:

Cardiologists.
Dermatologists.
Primary care physicians.
Rheumatologists.
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MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT

What is the treatment for Raynaud’s syndrome?
Treatment depends on the severity of your condition and whether you have the
primary or secondary form. Treatment goals include:

Prevent Raynaud’s attacks.

Help reduce the severity of attacks.
Improve your quality of life.
Treat the underlying disease or condition (if you have secondary
Raynaud’s).
Prevent skin ulcers and tissue damage.

For many people, lifestyle changes are enough to manage their condition.
These include:

Avoid cold spaces (like the frozen food aisle or extreme air conditioning).
Avoid touching cold objects (like glasses of ice water or cold metal
surfaces).
Manage stress and strong emotions that could trigger an attack.
Wear warm clothes during cold weather.

However, if you have severe symptoms, you may need medication. Your
provider may prescribe one or more of the following medications:

Calcium-channel blockers: These drugs help your smallest blood vessels

relax and open up. As a result, you have fewer attacks, and those you do
have are less severe. Calcium-channel blockers also can help heal skin
ulcers on your fingers or toes.
Alpha-blockers: These drugs counteract norepinephrine. That’s a hormone
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that constricts your blood vessels.
 Nitroglycerin skin ointment: This is a cream that you apply to your fingers
to help heal skin ulcers.

If you have severe Raynaud’s and other treatment methods don’t work, your
provider may recommend a procedure called a sympathectomy. A
sympathectomy temporarily blocks or cuts tiny nerves near your affected
blood vessels. This prevents the nerves from sending signals that make your
blood vessels get too narrow. The procedure should relieve your symptoms for
one or two years, but you may need it again in the future.

PREVENTION

How can I prevent Raynaud’s syndrome?

There’s nothing you can do to prevent Raynaud’s syndrome. But you can help
prevent attacks by learning your triggers and taking action to avoid them.

It’s also important to visit your provider for yearly checkups. Doing so can help
your provider diagnose and treat underlying conditions that may cause
Raynaud’s phenomenon. Some of these conditions are preventable with
lifestyle changes, such as avoiding tobacco products.

OUTLOOK / PROGNOSIS

What can I expect if I have Raynaud’s syndrome? Ad

For most people with primary Raynaud’s syndrome, the outlook is positive.
Symptoms may bother you off and on, but the condition isn’t serious or life-
threatening. Over time, you’ll learn more self-care tips for preventing attacks or
helping them go away.

If you have secondary Raynaud’s syndrome, your outlook depends on your

underlying disease. Talk with your provider about what you can expect and
how to manage your condition.

LIVING WITH

How do I take care of myself?

Self-care is essential for managing Raynaud’s syndrome. Follow your
healthcare provider’s guidance on how to avoid triggers and how to manage
an attack when it happens. The following tips can also help.

How to avoid Raynaud’s triggers

Adjust your thermostat so your home or office is warm.
Avoid caffeine.
Avoid touching cold metals or putting your hands in cold water.
Bring a jacket or sweater if you know a space will be cold.
Don’t go barefoot. Wear socks indoors, and wear two pairs of socks when
going outside in the cold.
Exercise regularly to improve your overall well-being. Check with your
provider before starting a new exercise plan.
Keep your feet and hands dry and warm. Consider using a disposable or
rechargeable hand warmer. Ad

Keep your whole body warm, but especially your hands, feet and head. Wear
several layers of loose clothing. Don’t forget mittens (warmer than gloves)
 and a hat.
Learn new ways to manage stress in your life.
Limit use of tools (like jackhammers) that vibrate.
Limit your time in air conditioning and in cold spaces (like the frozen foods
aisle).
Practice good skin care. Apply lotion to prevent dry or cracked skin.
Quit smoking (or don’t start). Nicotine causes your skin temperature to
drop, which may trigger an attack. Talk to your healthcare provider about
ways to help quit smoking.
Take frequent breaks during the day to rub your hands together.
Use a beverage holder or insulating sleeve to hold cold drinks.
Wear oven mitts when you reach into your fridge or freezer.
Wear wicking fabrics when you exercise to move sweat away from your
skin.

Also, it’s important to know which medications can trigger an attack. Ask your
provider if any of your current medications could cause your condition to flare
up. These include some medications that treat:

ADHD.
Cancer.
Colds and nasal congestion.
High blood pressure.
Certain heart medicines.
Migraines.

How to manage a Raynaud’s attack

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If an attack does happen, be proactive. Don’t ignore a Raynaud’s attack or

assume it’ll go away on its own. Taking the proper steps can reduce the length
and severity of an attack. Here’s what to do:

Immediately go to a warmer space.

Massage the affected area.
Move your arms in circles.
Put your hands under your armpits to warm them up.
Run warm (not hot) water over your fingers or toes.
Meditate or do deep breathing exercises if stress triggered your attack.

When should I see my healthcare provider?

Call your provider if you:

Have attacks that occur on just one side of your body.

Have sores or ulcers on your fingers or toes.
Lose function in the affected hand or foot.
Notice new or worsening symptoms.
Experience side effects from medications.

As with any condition, see your provider any time you’re worried, frightened or
have questions about how to care for yourself.

How can I help my child manage Raynaud’s syndrome?

Primary Raynaud’s disease often begins during the teenage years. Rarely, it
can begin earlier. So, if your child or teen starts to have symptoms, take them
to see their healthcare provider. Their provider may want to run tests to rule
out an underlying condition.
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Usually, Raynaud’s in kids and teens is mild, and symptoms should ease as
your child gets older. The same management tips for adults also can help your
child. For example, dress your child warmly in cold weather (and give them two
pairs of mittens to wear rather than just one). Keep your home and car warm,
and avoid air conditioning that’s too cold.

It’s also important to tell administrators at your child’s school about their
condition. Your child may need special permission to avoid outdoor activities
(like gym class) during the colder months.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Raynaud’s syndrome is a common condition that may affect your quality of

life. Learning how to care for yourself at home can help you avoid and manage
Raynaud’s attacks. If your symptoms are preventing you from doing the things
you love, talk with your provider about treatment options. It may also help to
connect with a support group to learn from others living with the same
condition.

SHARE

Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 08/29/2022.

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