Paint constituents and basic technology

Principle for protecting steel

Barrier Passivation Bi-metallic contact

Thick layer of paint to stop Formation of thin layer of Galvanic ,cathodic protection
water passage steel oxide to close the hole -ZN
-intermediate coat on steel surface -Al
-laminar pigment -rust inhibitive -primer
pigment(primer)

Paint according to function divided into:

Fire proofing , marine paint, road marking ,heat resistance ,anti-corrosion , anti-fouling.

Additives

Anti-skinning Methyl ethyl ketoxime

Anti-settling Wax and Benton
agent
plasticizers Make the paint flexible like (palm oil , coconut oil ,castor oil ) slow drying oil
gives coating flexibility
driers Source of O2 with oxidation paints, salts of octoates and naphates
(zircorium, Mg, Cobalt) to rapid oxidation reaction.

Extenders /fillers or extender pigment:

1-increase cohesive strength

2-increase film opacity

3-resist water passage

4-abrasion resistance

5-chemical resistance

6-cheap price

7-control gloss

Ex.: chalk (CaCO3) , talcum , slate flour (grey) , clay (china clay , kaolin).

Oils:

1-drying oils: Tung oil, linseed oil

-used with industrial paints

-contain 3 sets of unsaturated double bond.

2-semi drying oils:

-consists of 1 or 2 sets of double bond unsaturated.

3-nondrying oil

-coconut oil, palm oil

-Decorative paints -saturated -plasticizers in steel paint

Long oil paints Medium oil paints Short oil paints

More than 60 % oil to resin 45to 60% - Less than 45 % oil to resin
-slow drying -rapid dry
-used with decorative paint -suitable for steel.
-oil paint mean:

Oleoresin mix between natural oil and natural resin , as oil is flexible and natural oil is brittle
so mixing will provide the characteristics of both types

Solvent:

1-solvent strength

2-evaporation rate

3-flash point and safety factors

4-toxicity

Pigment: CPVC critical pigment to volume concentration

Lower than CPVC Near CPVC Higher than CPVC

1-gloss paint 1-semi-gloss 1-Mat
2-low opacity 2-good opacity 2-high opacity
3-low cohesive strength 3-greater cohesive strength 3-lower cohesive
4-porous film
 Types of pigments:

Opaque pigment Rust inhibitive Laminar Metallic Heat resistance

pigment pigment pigment pigment
1-carbon (black) 1-coal tar -MIO , MICA, ZN Zn 450 C
2-compound of 2-red lead GRAPHITE, -AL Al 625 c
cobalt(blue) 3-zinc chromate Glass flake, -depend on - carbon
3-compound of 4-calcium aluminum flake, bimetallic
chromium(green, chromate -stop water ,galvanic
yellow, orange) ( all above toxic) passage ,cathodic
4-compound of 5-zinc -excellent protection
iron(yellow ,brown ,red) phosphate barrier
5-compound of 6-barium -intermediate
calcium(red , yellow) metaborate
6-titanium 7-zinc
dioxide(white) phosphosilicate

Chlorinated rubber:

1- Resist to mould growth due to Cl.

2- Resistance to chemical attack.

3- Resist to water vapor.

4-unflammable because chlorine content.

5- Nontoxic and provide durable film (nontoxic dry film)

6-easy to maintain and clean (lower surface preparation)

CR disadvantage:

1-cobwebs when sprayed

2- Low temp. (65 c only) resistance.

3-not resist to solvents (only aliphatic)

 Paint constituents and basic technology

solvent binder Conv/ Polymer Reversible Thermoset/ Curing mech.

non type irreversible thermoplastic /drying
conv
H2O Vinyl-acrylic- non Linear reversible Thermoplastic Solvent
polyvinylacetate- conv polymer evaporation
some kind of epoxy (coalescence
and PU-bitumen- Vinyl-acrylic)
acrylated rubber
Aliphatic solvent Alkyd-phenolic- conv Branched irreversible Thermoset oxidation
natural oil-natural polymer
resin-oliresin
Aromatic solvent CR chlorinated non Linear reversible Thermoplastic Solvent
rubber conv polymer evaporation

Aromatic + ketone Poly urethane conv cross- irreversible Thermoset Chemical

2 component linked reaction
Ketone Epoxy conv cross- irreversible Thermoset Chemical
acetone/mek / butyle linked reaction
Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl ethyl conv cross- irreversible Thermoset moisture
silicates 400 linked
Aliphatic + aromatic Silicones 625 c conv cross- irreversible Thermoset Heat to cure
linked
Ch . 5
-solution:

Solute and solvent (salt, water)

Pigment dissolves in solvent (dye)

-Dispersion

1-SUSPENSION: solid suspense in solvent(pigment in solvent)

2-EMULSION: liquid disperse in liquid(oil in water, emulsion, acrylic in water)

Chapter 6

1-air drying: at ambient temperature

2-force drying: below 65 c and need heat

3-stoving: above 65 c, oven infrared.

Drying mechanism:
 Solvent evaporation oxidation Chemical reaction coalescence
Linear polymer Branched polymer Cross linked Vinyl
Non convertible Convertible Convertible Acrylic
Reversible Irreversible Irreversible
thermoplastic thermoset Thermoset
2 pack

Induction time: lead time-stand time

The length of time after mixing A,B the paint should stand in order to start reaction
between A,B.

-SHELF LIFE:

Expiry date, paint can be used or not.

-Pot life:

The period of time after mixing comp A, B the paint must be used in.