3 Deret Pangkat

Deret pangkat merupakan deret tak hingga, dalam bentuk:

∞
∑
n=0 anXn = a0X0 + a1X1 + a2X2 + a3X3 + . . .
Contoh:
n
∑ n(n+1)
i=1 i = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = 2

n
∑ n(n+1)(2 n+1)
i=1 i 2
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n =
2 2
6 2 2

[ ]
2
∑ n (n+1)
i=1 i3 = 13 + 23 + 32 + . . . + n 3 = 2
∞
1 ∑ xn
1−x = n=0 = 1 + x + x 2 + x3 + . . .

∞ n

e
x ∑ nx ! x2 x3
= n=0 = 1 + x + 2! + 3! + . . .

∞ n 2 n+1
(−1) x 3 5
∑ (2n +1)! x
3!
x
5! - + . . .
Sin x = n=0 = x - +
∞ n 2n
(−1) x x2 x4
∑ (2n)!
Cos x = n=0 = 1 - 2! + 4! - + ...

4 Deret Maclaurin
Fungsi f(x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 + a4 x4 + . . .
f(0) = a0 ⇔ a0 = f(0)
f ʹ(x) = a1 + 2a2 x + 3a3 x2 + 4a4 x3 + . . .
f ʹ(0) = a1 ⇔ a1 = f ʹ(0)
f ʹʹ (x) = 1.2 a2 + 2.3 a3 x + 3.4 a4 x2 + . . .
f ʹʹ (0)
f ʹʹ (0) = 1.2 a2 = 2! a2 ⇔ a2 = 2!
f ʹʹʹ (x) = 1.2.3 a3 + 2.3.4 a4 x + . . .
f ʹʹʹ (0)
f ʹʹʹ (0) = 1.2.3 a3 = 3! a3 ⇔ a3 = 3!

Subsitusikan nilai-nilai a1, a2, a3, a4, . . . . ke fungsi f(x) semula, diperoleh
Deret Maclaurin, sebagai berikut :
f ʹʹ (0) 2 f ʹʹʹ (0) 3
F(x) = f(0) + f ʹ(0) x + 2! x + 3! x + ...

Contoh carilah deret pangkat untuk fungsi :

1 f(x) = ln (1 + x)
Jawab:
f(x) = ln (1 + x) ⇔ f(0) = 0
f ʹ(x) = (1 + x)-1 ⇔ f ʹ(0) = 1
f ʹʹ (x) = -(1 + x)-2 ⇔ f ʹʹ (0) = -1
f ʹʹʹ (x) = 2(1 + x)-3 ⇔ f ʹʹʹ (0) = 2
f (4)(x) = -3.2 (1 + x)-4 ⇔ f (4)(0) = -3!
f (5)(x) = 4.3.2 (1 + x)-5 ⇔ f (5)(0) = 4!
−1 2 2 3 −3 ! 4 4! 5
Jadi: f(x) = ln (1 + x) = 0 + x + x + x + x + x + ...
2! 3! 4! 5!
1 1 1 1
= x - 2 x2 + 3 x3 - 4 x4 + 5 x5 - …. + . . .

2 f(x) = Tan x
Jawab:
f(x) = Tan x ⇔ f(0) = 0
f ʹ(x) = Sec2x ⇔ f ʹ(0) = 1
f ʹʹ (x) = 2 Sec2x Tan x ⇔ f ʹʹ (0) = 0
f ʹʹʹ (x) = 2 Sec4x + 4 Sec2x Tan2x
= 2 Sec4x + 4(1 + Tan2x) Tan2x
 = 2 Sec4x + 4 Tan2x + 4 Tan4x ⇔ f ʹʹʹ (0) = 2
f (4)(x) = 8 Sec4x Tan x + 8 Tan x Sec2x + 16 Tan3x Sec2x
= 8(1 + Tan2x)2 Tan x + 8 Tan x (1 + Tan2x) + 16 Tan3x (1 + Tan2x)
= 8(1 + 2 Tan2x + Tan4x) Tan x + 8 Tan x + 8 Tan3x + 16 Tan3x + 16
Tan5x
= 16 Tan x + 40 Tan3x + 24 Tan5x ⇔ f (4)(0) = 0
f (5)(x) = 16 Sec2x + 120 Tan2x Sec2x + 120 Tan4x Sec2x ⇔
f (5)(0) = 16
3 5
x 2x
Jadi: Tan x = x + 3 + 15 + . . .

3 f(x) = Sin x
4 f(x) = Cos x
5 f(x) = Sin2 x
6 f(x) = Sinh x
7 f(x) = e x
2

8 f(x) = e x