c6

( •1.J1l7
Designation: 0256 - 10
D6ll(l Test Method for Determining Li-ie Charpy. Impact
·-~t'. 0256 - 10

INTERHAT10NAL
. Resistance nf Nolchcd Specimens of Plastic~
'E(ilJ; Pn..1i.:ticc for Conducting. an ltiter!ahoratory Study to
Dch:nninc Lh;: Pn..:cG;ion uf a To..:sl ~\.fothod
Standard Test Methods for 1.2 ISO Swndurd:
Determining the lzod Pendulum Impact Resistance of !SO u~n: l~N~ Pla::aics-Dctcrmination of Izod lmp~Kt
Strength of Rigid Matcrials 3
Plastics 1 •

3. T-erminology
This ;:tm1Jord is if.Sued undt:r the fo(<:d <l::si:;;na1i11n D2:"16: 1h<: 1mmhc{ i:>imedi3tcly following the Jcsignation iL1dic:ttes !he y<!:ir cl
origir:.<1i :id;,ipth.:n ('T. ia 1he ..:m-c ,,( n.:•:i!>i.:.:.• the :f.::1r ,,j l:<s< n.:\·bi··,ll. ,'\ mnnb..:r in parer.l.!1<.::<c;; indkat..::> !he yc:1r d J;1st reappr~w:il. A :u Defimiious- Por definitions related to plastic:>. sc~
:<1<1f.'<.>r:;..:rip1 cpsilvn lr.; in:.li,;:ucs ;in \!.~il"ri:l\ ch:in~e •i:1.:...: 1h.: \.1.~r n.:;isilm or ra.-.ppr'-w:tl. Tcnninolofy .1)8X3.
Thi."< M<;mJ,;t,/ fi,;_,. hom "PJ'1"V\c1!/•r u~c l;• ·~i.:•id<'.' 1.1,.( iii« l 11:1;.o !•l'l'l!! of Oefi:mi:.
3.2 Definitions l~{ Terms Specific w This Stan<idrd:
3.2.l <·cmrilci:<tr-a projecting beam clamped at onl~· one
end.
1. Scope* llf a plaMk's "notch S>.!nsitivity.. may be obtained with Test M...:thol\ L1 hy 3.2.2 11orch seusiriviry-a measure or the variation of impact
COl}lparing the cm.:rgics lO brca.I\. specimens tra:dng dilfCn:'nt radii at the energy as a func1ion of n,1tc:h ra<liu$.
1.1 Thc~c test methods co'<·cr the dctcrminmion of the base of Lhe notdt.
r~:)istanc.: u!plastit:s to ··stanJar<liz.:d" ts~c ~\·tc l) pcndulum- NoTE .i-c:auti.;m mus! he ;;:x..:rdsed in interpreting the re::.ults llr lh~':'l' 4. Types of Tests
typc hammers. moume.d in "standardized"' machines. in break- siandard test mcth\"tds. TI1c t~illo\ving testing paramct(,,'fS may a1iC1.1 1cs1
Pl..A.'fES C fUtO D MUST aE: PARl'ILtO..
ing standard specimens wilh one pendulum .swing (see N<H1.: 2). results signilicamly: -1.l Four simil:lf methods arc presented in these test mctll- TO llJ!THl."I 0.0ZS MM (0.001 JK.)
OVER fl DISTfltlCE OF 25 nn n ll'U
The standard teslS ror th~se test methods rl!quire ~pcdmens Me<.'100 of 7abrication, including but not 1imi!eC !O precessing 0ds. {Si.::c Nui>.' ri.) AH test mdhoJs use the same lcS!ing
FIG. 1 Relationship of Vise, Specimen, and Striking Edge 1
techr.o!ogy, mold~"lg ::ond1iions. rr.old design, and thermal machine and Spc..:imcn dimcn~ions . There ls no knm.vn mean~
mack: with a milled notch (sec Nok'. ~i. In Tcs1 Mc1hods A. C. Other for lzod Test fJlethods A and C
treatrnen:s: for correlating the results from the· different test mclhods.
and D. the no.tch produces a stress conccnu·mion thm incr~a5-.cs Met.liod of r.otchi:-,g:
the probability of a b1ittlc. rather than a ductile. fracture. In Speed of notching 1001; Nu1c 6--f'n.·vious vcr:>ions Q( lhis ((•SL nwthod contained Tt•:>t lv[clhod brc3k" 1 r.:sults . In that ca:.c. 0.~5 and 0.50-mm (0.0
Design of no1c11ing apparatus; 0.U20-in.) radii may bt.: us1..;1.I. Tho;; cffCcl of notch rac.liu~
Tc~t MclhoJ E, the impact resistance is obtaim;d hy rcYcrsing B for Ch;irpy. It h:u; been rcmO\·cd from this tc::t method am1 has t1<;cn
Quality ol !he notch;
the notched :;pecimen 180" in the clamptng •.:isc. The rt:sult~ of Time ~tween notching arid test;
puhlbbt'd a5' D<i ill.l. impact cncr_sy to break .:i specimen under the conditiom
all lest method:-. arc reported in terms of energy ahsorhcd per Tes! specimen thickness, 4 . 1.1 ln Tcsl Yidhod A, the specimen is he.Id as a vcnkal test is mca-liun:d by the. value b. ;\•latcrials with low valu
Tes: specimen wititl1 under notch. and whether hi!!h or !ow ..:ncn.~.v-Lo-hr~.ak with the standarc
unit of specimen width or per unil of cross-st.."Ctit.inal :U'ca under cantilever kiln'.! and is broken by a single swing nf the
Envlronme'1ta1 conditioning.
the nntc:h. (See Ni.it;: 4.) pendulum. The line of initial comact is al a fixed distance. from . inst"nsili'-·c ~'-: dill--=n:n..:l;_·.s in notch radim
are rdativc. . ly
l .2 The values stated In Sl units arc to be rcg<trdi.:d as the cnen!.Y·l~1-brcak..-..mmcriab with high \·aluc5 orb is
Norf. 1-lhl.! ma-:hin..."S ~ilh thdr p....fl<lulum-tn11: h;num.:r:' h:n-;: lhc specimen clamp and from the centerline of the n.otch and on
slam.lard. The valu~s given i..'1 par~nlheses ar~ for informalion
di::pcm.ic~; ~m notch radius. The param~tcr b cannot be
ht.'l..'!l
"sl:mdurdileJ'' in that th~y must ..:omply with l·~nain n::4uin.:111enlS. the same face as; the notch.
onlv. design calculations bUL ma:i serve as a guide to the d
indu<ling a nx...:J hdght .._,r hannn~r r.J.li th;.il r..:sulL\ i11 a :>ub:-tanli:11\y lixt!<l 4.1.2 Test Mclhod C is similar to Test M~1hod A, ~xccp1 for
1.3 This scaudanl does not Pwport co address al! o[ rhe an<l in sdcctit'll of materials.
n'!locit. . . of !he ltanuucr at the momcm of impact. Ho,vc\·cr. hammers of lhe addition of a procedure for determining the energy cX-
sqfery wncerns. 1/ lWy. ussociaced i•,:irh irs use. le i.\ thf!
diff;!n'ul initial energies (produced hy ;:aryiug their cllt:clh·c wdghtsJ :1rc pended !n tossirig a porlfon of the specimen. The. value rcp\1rted 4 . 2 Test Method E is similar to Ti:st Method A. exc
reconunendc<l for use with spcdmeus of dit'for.::m imp:ll·t rcsiswm.·;.'.. respvllsibility of rhe user cif this standard ra establish appro- lhc specimen is reversed in the vise of lhe machine l8f
is called the "cstim:ucd net lzod imp3:;t resistance ... Test
Moreo,•cr. mai1ut'::i.cmrers ~~·th~ cquipm<!nt :ire permitted to u:.:c dit'fcrcm priate safety and heu!th practices and determine rhe uppLica- usual s.trik.ing po.sition: ~uch that thf>.! .striker of lhe ar
~1ethud C is pr-.:krr~d lln~r Test M~thod A for maH.:riah lh.a1
leng1.hs and co1lSL."11.:tions of pendulums wilh pos:<ihfe ditl"ere1f..:cs iu bili!y of regu!at01)' fimitarions prior to use.
have an lzod impact resismnce of less than 27 Jim <U.5 impadS the SpC(.'imell (lll !he fa..:c 1..•ppOSi!C the lll1lCh. {!
pcndulu.m rigidities resulting. (See Section 5.) lk :!ware tlm ~n.h...:r
cliUcrenccs in m:1chine design may exist. Tl1c spedmcn~ arc ··::a:-.ndard- Sun; 5-Tht•:.;._: tcsL mi.:tho&• rcscmbk ISO 18(1:1993 in n:garl\ tu litk ft·lhf/in.) under notch. (See Appi:ndix X4 for optional unils.) i. Fig. 2.) Test Method E is used to give an indicatio1
ized" in that they are required to h:t\'e one fixed length, Ont'. fiX.:..><l d~plh. (lilly. The content." arc significantly diffc~nl. The dillCrcnccs between Test Methods A and C become unnotchcd impact rc:;i!':l<lncc of plastic:;: however. res
and one parlicular design of mHled nmch. The v;klth of lhe S\JC.dm-.::ns is unimportant for mah.:rials thal .have an lzoc.l impact l'l'Six1am:c taincd by the rcvcr;;;ct.l notch rnethod may not always a_gJ
pcm1it1cd to ,·ary hetw{!en limits. 2. Referenced Documents those obtained on a compklciy unnotched spccimc
hfahcr than this valu~.
NmE 2-Results generntcd using pendulums that utilize a load .:dt to 2.1 AS1M StaHdard.<: 2 4. r.3 Test Method D provides a measure of lhc nolch ::x.1.)4.::;
reo..1r~t the impa...:t force and thus impact energy. mar n(.1t bi.: cquh·:.11c11t to D6 l 8 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
results 1hat arc generated using manually or digil:iHy cno.xlcd tcst~rs fhJ.1 sensitivity of a material. The stress-concentration at the norch
D88J Terminology Relating to Plastics 5. Significance and Use
nieasure rhe energy remaining in the pendulum after impact. increases with decreasing notch radius.
U3&1-l Practice for Injection Molding Te.st Spl't·imcns of 5.1 lkti.m: pr<.)Ct:L'<ling with these ti:st m;:;1h~1ds. n
Na1;; 3..:....111e notch in lhl! Iz~hl sp.::cimcn sen·..:s to c..m<..'Cntra.te !he 4. l .3. i For a give'n system. greater stress concentrntion
stress, minimize plastic d~formation. and Jir..x1 the l'rncturc 10 the pan 01 Thermopl3stic Molding and Extrusion Materials results in higher localized mtes-of-stritin. Since the effect of should he made to the specification of the material bcin:
the specimen tiehind the notch. Scauer in energy-w·hreak is Lhus reduced, D4066 Cla<>sification sy~aem for Nylon Injection ;:md Ex- strain-rare on euergy-.to-bre3k varies among materials, a m~a­ Any test specim~n preparation, conditioning, dimensi<
Howe\·..:r. because lif differences in rhc el:is<ic and \·i:-it.:oola.'\lic prnpenies trusion Materials f PA) sure of this effect may be obtained by resting specimens with tcstlng pa.ran1ctcrs cov~rcd in the materials spccificati
of pla.<otics. response 10 a gi \",::n no!ch varies afih"'!llg mateiia\s. A 111>.!<!sure D59-17 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid take pri::cc:<lencc over tho~i: mc:rnioned in th~se lest m~1
different nmch rndii: In Lhe fzod-t)'pe test it has been demon"'
Plastics Specimens strated that the function .. energy-lo-break versus notch radius. there is no material specification. then the default co
1 These t<!~l methods an: t111der <ht:: jurisdiction of AST!vl Cclfl1mitK'<! D20 011 is reasonably linear from a radius of 0.03 lo 2.5 mm (0.00 l to apply.
P\as.li~ and :l!'(!' th<! din:ct n.-sponsi.bili1y of Subcommittee 020.IO on Mechanical
l'ropertie:>. -:: f'Or referenc<:d ~'TM ::ot:mdards. \·isit the A.ST?-1 weh:>ite. '4-Ww.ustn1.•xg. or
0.100 in.), provided that au
sp13eimens have the same type of 5 .2 The pendulum impact test indicates the energy
Slan<lar<l lCSl specimen::; tJf Specified Si~ under SI
break. 1Scc 5.~ and 22.1.)
~~:;~!'i~!n~~:~~~~~~::·;~::l~~ ~:r~~:~;:~:~~{:~~~~:u~1~1~1:-:;1~:~~~~
Current edition appro,·cd May l. 201.0. P11hll~heC font: ::!OIO. Originally
.+. l .3.2 For the purpose of this test. the slope. b (see. 22. i ). parameters of spcdmen mounting, notching. <l:nd p~
;1ppron:J i..u !'J2iJ. Ln:a pr-::~·;,nl:;; cditiurL ;;pp~vn. . .t iu ]1K16 n~ D256 · U6;1r; DUI:
l.O.!S2GilJ0256-!G. U1C ASn..1 website. of lhe line hetwcen radii of 0.25 and 1.0 mm (0.010 and 0.040 velocity-at-impact.
jn . ) is used, tullcss tc&ts with the 1.0-mm radius _give '·non-
~ Supporting data gb'ing !e..~u!ls ..,f the interi<l.!Joratcry test$- are ava
A!)'i~·l llc;;,!quarwn.. Rt<t[•K'!>t RR:D2V· l.U2L
·' A\~Ji!:ible iron: :\merica:i NatiQn:tl Standarrls ln!>titme tA,.~Sl). 25 W. -Bnl Sl.. ~ Supportiug data .gi1·lng results oi tbe ini:~rfa!wratcry i.~sts are a~·a
*A Summary Qf Changes section appe<1.rs at the end (If thi"'i standard. 4th Fl(Y.lr, New Y(•rk. NY I("!{)3n. h1tp:l!www.;sn.-;i.crg. ASTM Hc-&dquarters. Reqm:sl RR:D10- l026.
Copy~ .;;i AST~ !r.lemaL'<Jna!. 100 Barr Hartiour Or. FO :>ox C-NO. Wes: Cvns.'lo!'i<Jcken, Pennsy~ar;ia 19428-~9. Uni'.a:! Stltes

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2
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STRIKING EDGE RAOLUS
0.25 % 0.12 MM. RADIUS-~,..-----!-~+-~
t 0.010 % 0.005 IN..)
PLfltiESCAttll 0 l'lUSl Bl::l"'flHRt.t..ft
TOWITH11 0.()25ITIC0.00111.l
QUER A DISTRHt:E OF' ZS 1111 U 11.l
FIG. 2 Relationship of Vise, Specimen, and Striking Edge to Each
Other for Test Method E
5.3 The energy lost by the pendulum Juiing the brc<1kagc
lhc specimen is the sum or th.: following:
5.3.l Energ.): to initi:lte rrai.:turc. of the spc..:imen:
5.3.2 Energy to prop.;1galc 1hc fracture across the sp..:cimcn:
5.3.3 Energy H1 rhrnw. tl1~ lix..-c und (Or ·cnJs} the broken or
specimen ~··10s~ corri:ctilm''J:
5.3.4 Energy to hcnd the spc...:imcn:
5.3.5 Energy to produc~ \·ibn1til°'l1 in the pendulum ann:
5.3.6 Ene[(JY to produce vihrati•)ll or horiznmal rmwcmcnt
of the machine frame or l":a~c:
5.3.7 Energy to (wacmnc fricticm in the pendulum karing.
and: in the indit..:atin~ rno.::h::inism, and to m·cr..:omc: v.:inda2c
(pendulun~ air drag·)~ ·-
5.3.8 Energy tu indent or deform plas.ticaUy lhe s.p~;.;imen at
the line of impact: and
5.3.9 Energy 10 nvcrc1.)l11;.,' tile rricrion caused hy ~he ruhhing
ol thi:: :>trik~r 1.or othl.'.r part 01· 1hi: p.:ndulurn) Oh:r th.: fate i.)f
the hem spcciJnCn.
).4 For- rclati \:cly hrink rnJtcrials. for which fracture pMpa-
galion energy is small in comparison \.vith the fracture inili:nlnn
t,.'.01.."fgy, the int..licalcd impal'1 t..'.nt,.'.rgy ab:mrb--.:J is. rln· all
practical purposes. the :-i:um ol factors 53. l and .5.33. The toss
com.!ction (sec 5.~.?) _may rcprc~cnt a very large fraction oflhc
total energy absorhcd when u.:s.ting rclalivcly dense and brittle
maicrials. Test Mdho<l C :-;hall h~ u:-;ed fi.ir mak:riah thm havt:
an Izod impact rcsist.ance or
lc~s than 27 j/m <0.5 fl·lbtlin.).
tSee Appendix X4 for optional units.) The toss correction
obtained in Test Method C is only an approx.imaiion of the toss
cm..w, since the rotalional and nxtilim.::ar velocities may not ix;
the· same during the re-toss l)f the specimen as for the original
toss, and because stored strcssc$ in the s~-cimcn may have
been released as kin.:-tic energy during the specimen fracture.
5.5 For tough, ductile. fiber filled. or doth-laminated mate.-
rials, the .fracture prnpagc.tk\n energy (see 53.::n t~ay he large
compared to the fracmre initiation energy (!iee 5.J. l ). \.Vhen
testing these materials, faclors 1_~.;:e :'3 2, 5.3.5, and 5.3.9) can
Copyright by ASTMint'l(all rights reserved); MonAug23 I8:10:29EDT 2010 l
Downloodedlprinled by
Susan Metcalf (SABIC Innovati\"e Plastics) pursuant 10 License Agreement. No f'.Jrtlx.-r reproductions authorized.
,~RJ!t 0256 - 10
become quite significant. even when the specimen i!> accurately
machined. and positioned and the. machine bin g.011d cnnditi{\r.
wilh ridcquatc capacity. (Sec ~ . . ~ie. 7.) f3cnding ts.cc 5.3.-.'.) and
i1hk·ntation hJSS~:..- (si.:c 5.~~.if) may b.; appn:ci.:il"iil' when tt.:siing
soft materials.
~OTE 7-Although the frnme and base of 1he mad1i:"!e sh,1uld be
sullid~nt!y 1igi(l arid massive !O hat:dlc tl"c energies •:If 1~1ugi1 S['<-"'t.:imons
wilh<lut m,11i~1It ~1r ex.cessh·e \'ihraiion. the de:-Oh.!r. must ~nsurr 01a1 th·~
<\!ntl..'r of percw::si.1n li..: at the-center ,,f s11ik~. L•h..'.utin~ the sirikcr
predsdr al the ~mer P-i Jlt!rcussion r:!du..:l..'s \ i!iration ,1f !hi..' 1x-ndulum
arm 1\fo:..·n u~cd ~t'ith tiriuk SfX!dfi"!Cll:i. H0u-·,,\·cr. s:~mh~ kisses dul' to
!X'i;dulum arm dbration, the afnount \"at~:in& ,~·ith the de:.ign t•f the
1x·rodulum. will occur with tough spt'Cin~ns, C\'cn wt1~n the :::rikc1 is
pr..::perly posi1ioncd.
5.6 111 <t well-designed machine of sullicicnt 1igidity and
mas.;;. the. lns~es due ln faclnrs 5.?:.6 and 5. <-.7 sh<1uld he very
sn1=1ll. Vibrationnl losses (sec 5.3.6) can be qeit:.: b1rg.: \•..:hen
\.vidc sp..:cim..:n!:' of tc..mgh materials arc (l,.':;.;!cd in mai.:hin~s 11r
insulli.ciem ina.ss. nl't securely fastened to a heavy base.
5.7 With some m:uerials., a critical 1..\·idrh ,:r :..pcc:m~n may
he found he.low which s.pccimc1~s will app•.:~:r ductik, as
n·idcni.:1.:d by nmsi<lembk drawing or th.:cking J1.1wn m 1h~
region behind th'>! 1101ch and hy a n:btivdy high-energy
llf absorption, ~r~d above which the~ wi!l appear brittle a:.
c;-idcnced bv Hu.le or no drawing down or 11ci.:kir12. ;;imi bv :i.
rclatin~ly lo;v-cnergy absorption. Sin<·~. ilh:.~,.. mctho:ls permit a
·:a.riation in lhe width of the specimens. and :-.inc.:t: th1.! width
dictates., for many material&, whe.ther a hrittk:. low-ene-rgy
br~ak. or a ductile. high energy break will o..:\:ur. it i::• necessary
that the width be stated in thi.:: spc.·1.:i!kation <.:1y.:cring that
material and that the width he rcpnncd along wi1h the impact
rcsist.mcc. ln view of 1.hc preceding. one. sh1)u!d not make
comparisons between data from specimens having widths that
ditkr by more than a iCw mils.
5.8 The type of failure for each t>pccimcn ;;:hjll he rlx:1.m::!ed
- <.1s (me of the fow· categories .lh.ted as follnws:
C = Campfale Break-A break l.\.tier-e tha spedrner,
separates into tw·o or more pieces.
H = Hinga Break-An ;:icom:;;:et~ break suc!1 !!lat vn~
rhe:;;r:'l:l~:~r~::i~~:~~i~ ~:~: :~~:!ly
(less lhan 90' ;ndud6'j angle).
P= Partiai Briiak-An 1ncomp1e:e ~real< that aoes not
rnee: the d.:ifinilion for :a hin2~ break: but has lrac-
tured a: least 90 % of the dis:ance betwe:m the
vertex 'Jf the notch and the opposi\a side.
NB = f'Jon-Brea_k-Ar. ir:compiat~ brea" wr.ere ihe lra=:-
ture extends fess th&"l '?O % of the di.stance bt:!-
tween :he vertex oi the r.ctch and 1:-;e oppos!te
side.
For tough material~, lhc p~ndt.ilum may not hah.: the em.:rg.y
necessai::y to Cllmpletc the -breaking nl the. ~x!Icmc fibers. and
lflS~ Lh~ !:iroken pie.ce or piece~. ResulL" obtained from .. non-
brcak-· specimens $hall be considcri.::d a departure from stan-
di.rrd and shall nol bt..· rcponcd as a stanJa.rJ t\.."slllL lmp:icl
resistance can.not ~e directly compared fi.ir :my l\\'O nrni.criais
lhar c.x.pCrienec different types t)f failure as defined in the lest
method by this Code. Averages rcporlcd must likewise be
dai\'~d from specimens containc<l · \vithm a singk failun:
category. This letter code shall su~TI.x the reported impact
identifying the types of failure associated \\."ilh the reported
value. ff more than one typt• of failure is ohserv~d for a sample
-·
'~t' 0256 - 10
m<Ut:riaL then the report will. indicate. ·lhe avcmge impact
n:sisLance for t:~,;h type of failure~ followed hy the perc~m of
1f1e. spcdmcns failing in chat m"anncr and suilixcd hy the k!lcr
code.
5S The rnlue of the impact methods lies m~1inly in lhc Jrc..:1s
ot" qllotlity COll{W! anJ materiab;.sp1Xilicalion. If {WU group~ Of
!-.pedmcns of supposedly the same material show significantly
diffcrc.nt energy Jhso1ptions, types of breaks. critical "TVidth:;, or
critical temperatures~ it may be assumed thJt Liley were. made
of different materials or were expos~d to di ffc:rcm pro:..:..:ssing. or
conditioning crn·iromnents. The fact that a m<.tl~ri:il show::.
Lwi<"e the energy absorption or
another under these conditions
of te~t d(lCS n0t indicate that this s::m1e rdation~hip \"'ill cxis1
under ai1tithcr set of 1cst condi!ions. The order of toughness
may evl?n he reversed under diffc.rcm testing conditions.
Nor!: 8--!\ Jr.-.:umcmcd dL-.::crcpancv exists w ..·twccn manual :utd di.!!irnl
imp:1r.:t t::_-;;ter~. primarily witl1 tl1..:rm~"..:1 material-.. in..:!uJing phenolic:<.
having :m impar.:I value of k:.!-: than 54 Jim (I n-Ib!in.). l\imparin~ d:ll:t
~m th.: sam<:. ntat<!rial. li.:!Sl<!<l on bolh 111am1;1J :m<l <ligitai i111pac;1 t£~Lo:rs.
rn;iy :<ho\.\· !he Jata Jr..im th~ <ligilal l<!Sl<!r lll ~ signiti..::mtly l~J\\'\'r tli:m
,tun fro:u :1 manual tester. In su.::h c;t<;cs a cnm.'!l:1tic11 srndy m:iy tie
11<.-..:c.'=.s:iry tc properly define the trne relatiOLL'\ilip bt'twec11 th.: instnunem~.
TEST :VIETHOD A-CANTILEVER llEAM TEST FIG. 3 Cantilever Beam (lzod-Type) lmpac~ Machine
6. Appacatus
6.1 The mac.:hint: shall consist ;.il a massivi:. bast: on which is
m1.1untcd a vise for holding Lhe sp~·imen and LO \Vhich is
conne~tcd, through a rigid frame anJ bt.:aring:.. a pendulum-
typc hammer. (Sec ti.2.'l ·The mJchinc must also have a
pendulum holding and rdca...;ing m . ·chanism
. and a 1rn.:.d1<.u1i:-;m
tor indicating the breaking energy 1."'!f Lhc specimen.
6.2 A jig for positioning the specimen in the vise and graphs
or mhles to aid in .the calculation 1.:f tht:: corrcclion for f1ic.:tion
and wind.age also should be included. Om: typ.: of machine. is
shm:vn in Fig. 3. One design of specimcn-posilHming jig is
ill_ustratcd in ·Fig.. 4. Detailed requirements <Ire givc.·n in
subsequc.nl paragrnphs. General test melhoJ~ for checking ~md
calibrating the machine are given in App~ndi~ X.2. Additional
instructions li.""lr adjusting a particular machine should he
supplied by the manufacturer.
6.3 The pendulum shall comi.st of a single· or mulri-
memkred arm wilh a hearing on one end and a head.
containing the striker, on the other. The arm must be suffi.-
cicmly rigid to maintain the. proper clearances and gcomctic..·
rt:'lation.ships between the machine parts and the spccimci1 and
to minimize vibra.tional energy los.si.:s that !:U"C- ::th~:ays included FIG. 4 Jig for Positioning Specimen for-Clamping
in the measure<{ impact resistance. Bmh simple .:md compound
penduluni de.signs may comply with \his test method. suitabk angle so that there will be no chance for otlu:r t
6.4 The slriker of the pendulum shall be hardened &leel and cylindrii.:al surface coming in contact with the spe~:ime-1
shall he a cylindrical surface having a radius of curvature of lhe hrc:ik.
~ 0.80 ±: 0.20 ITu-n (0.031 ±: 0.008 in.) with its axis horizontal No·1E 9-Th~ dist~ce from th~ a.tis of s.uppon 11.1 the ,
and pcrpt.:mlicular lO th~ plane of swing ,,f the pendulum, The percus=-i<.m may he d-etermine..i e:<perimemally from the {J'..:rkd
line of comact of the stliker shall be located at Lhc ccmer of.....,.. amplitude ~:=-c•11athm:s. of rhc pendulum by means ,if th:: '
__,,,,.percussion of the pendulum within ±254 mm (±(l.100 in.) cqmuion:
(Sec N1.llC CJ.) Those portions of the pendulum adjacent to the L~ (g/4-rr')p'
cylind1ical striking edge shall b1..· recessed or inclined at a
Copyrighi.by ASTM!nt'l(allrigh1sresc1\"ed); MonAug23 18:10:29 EDT2010
4
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~';~¥£;;~;~?;;,:~,:·:,:::::: §[.§~~~;J~~~E
R
F period.:-., ·Ji" ;i $in_gl;;- L·...:rnpletc. :.;wil~~ tt.,"l_antl fr\Ji U.<!1cr~ 1 ine~i by
aver:tgin,g. a1 kus1 2:J uinsc;;unn! ~~1d umm~lTUt: .c~~ swmg~. fhc
1
11
:mgl..: ,,r :min~ shall l"h.! lt:~s 'ha:i :>"each 51~c ' <.:-=ni<!r. .
6.5 Th~ positinn l)f the pt"n<lulmn holdrng ~md rekasmg .,.=>make initial contact with·thc spccim.:n on a fate 22.00 :!:: 0.(15
mechanism shall nc :rnch 1hat th<:' vt!rtical hcigh1 nr fall of the
--.>' striker shall h.: 6l!J .::.. 2 1:1m 124.0 ...!.: 0. l [n.). This \~·ill produce
1
a vdoci1y 1.1l lhi: striker al thi; 1m men1 (){ impa;,;! ....if approxi-
~ mately 3.5 m ( l l.4- 1"t)/:.. 1Scc \:nl...:. iO.) The mechanism shJll
he so con:>tructcd anJ 1 1Pcrater..l 1hat il w·ill rdea~e 1!.1c p~nJulurn
0
withoul impanin,g: :1c.:1: krntion or vihr:nion lG il.
Ncrrr. tfJ-
··
v ""' (2gh)'J.~
where:
V = \'Clocity 01 lb•: stril:l.:r a1 the m ..llll:.!nt ,._11 impa1.:1 \mis L
g = \ucai ~r::1xi1a1.hmal ~~i.::c..:h:ratiun (nt/si). am 1
h = \"Crtical hl:ight of fall <Jf the :<-lrikcr 1ri1}.
'111i'i assutn~~ 'no winda,!!<.: tlf fric1i •.m.
~ 6.6 The dli.A:tivi: length oi" thi.'. pi::ndulum shall b(' bi;twixn
033 2nd 0.40 m 112.8 and 16.0 in.) so that the required
elevation of the striker may he obtained by raising the
pendulum to an angle hctwccn 60 and >tY aPon.: the horizontal.
6.7 The machin(' ;.;hall ~c pr. .wi<l1.'.'d 'vith a hasii.: pendulum
capable of delivering an energy of 2.7 :':: i!.14 J (:!.00 ::: 0.10
fr·ibf). This pc.miulum shall be used with all spccimem that
extract less than ~5 rk- of this energy. HL'avicr pendulum::. shali
he prn,:frk:d for specimens thm require more L'lll'.:rg.y hl break.
These may he ~cpar:.uc irucrchangcablc pendulums ;.""'r one basic
pcndul1:1;m to which extra pairs of equal calibrated weights may
he r:igidl_v :ntad1cd to oriposite sides· 0f 1.hC pendulum. It is
imperative that the cxrr.::i \Vcights shali no1 signitk·muly change
the position of thl' c..:mcr of perclL'iSion or the. frec.-hang.ing rest
point of the pendulum \that would consequ:;;mly take the
mac:hine outside ot th~ allnwahle calihrnlion tolcranccsj. :\
range- of p~ndulums h.i:vin& energies from 2.7 w 21. 7 J ('.2 t_•.J 16
h·lbO has b1.:~n llnmd lo bt.' sullicient fur usi: v.-·ith ffill:>l pla:stic
specimens and may be used wi1h most machint;s. t\ se1ies 1Jf
pendulum:. ;-;uch that each has twice the energy ol the nexl wiH
he found convenient. Eai.:h pendulum shall havi.: an energy
--::.- \Vilhin ±(}.:i '1: 1.lf ils nominal capacity.
6.8 A vise shaII he provided for clmnping the specimen
rigidly in position so that the. long axis of the sp('cimc-n is
vertical and at right angles to the top plane of th..: vis.c. (See Fig..
I.) Thb; wp planl" shall bisect thi:.: angk of lh~· lllJK"h with a
• tolerance of O.i2 mm i0.005 .in.). Comx:r po~itioning ;Jf t~
specimen is gene.rally done with a jig furnished with the
machine. The top ~dges of the fixed and moveahle jaws shall
havi:.: a radius of 0:?5 ~ 0.12 mm (0.010 :!: (i.l/05 in."i. For
spe;ci~.ens whose lhickness approaches Ute i;.)w~r lii~ting
value or 3.00 mm W.l 18 in.). means shall be provided to
prevem the lowc.r half of the spe.cimen from mm'ing during the
clamping or t~sting operations (sec rig. 4 and No!(' i I.)
NmE 11-Sornc plastks :ire sensitive co damping pressure;
Copyright by ASTM lnl"l (all rights reserved)~ Mon Aug 23 18: 10:29 EDT 2010
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'~@r 0256 - 10 ,~@r 0256-10
IZOD
I"·
-:a. 6.9 \Vhen the pendulum, i~ free hanging, the striking surface
shall come wilhin 0.2 % of s<:ak of tou1.:hing the front face of ~ .5
I
a st.andard spt:cimcn. During an a~·tual ~wing t.his dcmcnt sh:.1.1\ .
+ l· + 1•
mm W.87 =·
0.00:! i".l.) <thovc the top ~urface vl the \·isc. -2 . -2
6.10 ~·1e:ms shall he. provided for <l\;tcrmining lh..; energy
expended hy lhe pendulum in breaking 1.hc specimen. This is
accomplished using either a poin1l.!r and dial m..:chanisin tir an
cleclronic svsrcrri consistin2 of a di~ital indicator and sensor
\2't2/1
\V__. , I
(typically a1; encoder \'r rcs~lvcr;. either ca~c, the in<licatcd
tr; STANDARD
breaking energy is ~ctcnnined by J....:1-.:c1ing the height r{risc of SPINDLE
the pendulum beyond the poinl of imp;:ict !n lams \)f energy
removed from that specific pendulum. Since the indic:~ucd
''-~
energy must he corrected for pendulum-hearing friction.
poinler friction. p0!nlcr inertia, and pendulum windag.c. in-
structions for making tht!sc corrections ;:ire included in i \'1.3 and
_LI
~
Rad"~alcurva!ureatthe
;\.nnc.x Al and Ann:~x :\;. If the ck..;m.. mk di:-.pby tkii.::-. nut \\ apo1eofo.1a..t-0.07mm
~ (0.005 +/. 0.003 In.)
automaticallv com~.cl li..w winda2c and fricth1n. ii .shall be
incumbent i<1r the opc:ntlor to . . dctcnninc the e-n~rgy !Pss
manually. (Sec N'.!lt: r 2.)
'
\~ 3;18m.:-'
CVBin.~ j I
N<Y!'E 12-Man:· <li.gital i11Ui.:a1ing ~ysr..:ms :mtormtk':1lly i.::orft!<.:l for
windagc and friction. 111c 1.!(jllipmcnt nwmf:i..:mr~r .nay be- t.:onsuHed fr"lr
I i
derails coocemiug: how this is_perform..xL or it it is nec6sary to detl'nni.U<'
the llli!:ms for m:mu:illy calculating th~ energy loss du¢ to wind~1g¢ :md
lril:tion. }--t---i~B in.)
ll~Bmm
6.11 The vise, pendulum, and frami.'. shall he sutliciemly
iigid to maintain correc1. alignment or the. hammer aud speci-
men, both at the morr:.ent of impact and during th~ propagatiun
j
1(1.'4 mm
6.35 j
in.)j
·of rhe fracmre, and to minimize i.:n..:rgy losses due to vibnHi ...)n.
DIA.
The base shall he sufficiemly m<!S:>in: that the imp:ict wiH 1101
causi.;: it to move.. The machine shall be· so de.signed. i.'.lHl- ANVIL
structed. and maintained lh.'.it energy losses due to pendulum air
drag (windagc). friction in the pendulum bearings. and !"riLiillll SCALE: 4: I
and ineriia in the imiicatin~ mechanis.m arc held to a minimum.
NOTE 1-Thes<! i'kw~ ii\Jl IQ
SC<lli:!.
6.12 A check of the c;lihrntil)n of.an impact machine.! i:.. Nan::2-Micrometcr iO he S:itin-drromc fini~hcd with friction Ll:imhh.'.
difficult tn makl! under dynamic conditions. Tt~c hasic p:..tram.- NVTE 3-Special am·il for micrumeter .:::iliper O tu 25.4 uun r:inge t50.~ mm rr~nl:;!) (Q to l in. range (2-in. frame)).
c.tcrs arc normally ch,._;ck,._;d under static condition:;.: if the NoTE 4-Anvil to he odemed u·ith respect to lbmc as shuwrt.
machine passi.:s lhi.: stmic tests. 1hcn it is assum~<l to h..: Nono 5-Am·il and soindk m have hardened surfaces.
accurate. The calihration procedure in Appendix X~ should he Non: 6--R:rnge: 0 t0.15.4 mm ((! m l in. irJ rhuu_.;;.andths of an inch).
used to establish the accuracy or lhc equipment. However, rnr NarE 7-Adjusrmem musl lo.! al z;.:ro when spitullc and am·H ar..: in "''llta..:t
FIG. 5 Early (ca. 1970} Version of a Notch-Depth Micrometer
somi.: machine dc!-igns it mighl be ncci.=ssary to ch:mg.c the
recmn.-nendcd m:thoJ vt" ohlainin.g the rt'.'.quirl;':d calibra!iun
measurernenl"l.. (llhcr methods of performing the required
checks; may be subslitutcd. provid~d that they can be shown to tapered blade conforming to the dimensions given ln-l·i~. :'. 7. l. l Sttidies have shown that, for some materi
result in an cquiYalcnt ac.:ur:icy. i\pp:::ndix Xi also·dcscrihcs a The opposing an\:il or presser font !-ihall be flat and confonning lcicmion of the notch .on the specimen and the lengL
dynamic kst rvr chi.:cking ccnain iCaturcs u(thc mad1inc and to Tesr Methods D5947. imp:tdcd end may have a slight cftCct on the measure<
specimen. rc.sistanc.:. TherdOre. unless olhi.::n,'isc spccilicd, cari:
6.13 Micrometers-Apparatus for measurement of the 7. Test Specimens rakcn lo-ensure that chc specimen conforms 10 the din
width of the specimen shall comply with the r~uircmcnts of 7 .1 The test specimens shall conform to the dimension:;. and shown in Fig. 6 and that it is positioned as. sho":n in J
Test M~thods D59~7. Apparatus for the qieasurcrrient oi" the geometry of Fif.. 6. except as modified in accordance with 7 :2. Fig.. L
depth of plastic ma1.erial r~maining in the specimen un<ler the 73, 7.4, and 7.5. To ensure the correct ·contour and conditi~.)ns 7 .2 .MQ~p~:f~p,~g~fil~P.S:~h~1i,J;i~~·~ ~-.\~:~~~~~~~ti
notch shall comply with requirc·mem~ ofTe'st Method<.; D)!i~7. of the speciiit.-'<l notch, aE specimens shall be notched as "l:2.7:_:iAµf (0.118 and 0.500 in.). Use the sptx:ilnen ·
thcr~fore, provided howen:r that the on¢ anvil or presser foot shall he a directed in Section X. specified in the material specification or a<; agrei
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 A@'r 02s6-10
22..!...o ±J....o
2 2
.----__;,I'
D w
<t
lt=s=<i c___JTLJ
Lw1~TH
mm
= 0.05
10.16
31.8 :::- 1.0
=
63.5 2.0
0.258 = 0.05
12 70 -. Q 20
FIG. 6 Dimensions of lzod-Type Test Specimen
hctwccn the supplier an<l the customer. All ~pc_cime.ns having
one dimension h:ss than 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) shall ha\;C thC
notch cut on the shorter side. Otht"rwis.:. all comprcssion-
rnoldcd specimens shall he notched on the side paralld to the
direction of application of molding prc.ssun..:. lSce Fi;;. 6.)
Nnn: I ~-Whi!I.'. suhs..·clion ?.5 r'l!quirt:s pl.'.qxnJkul;ir p:iirs 01 plan<.!
paralld surf:u.:cs. 1h..: common pr:ictk..:: has hc...:n lo ;t..:.:..:p!. llloJ nun-paralld
dranect surf;i..:.,".:-; ionued \\·hen dire..::rly iuje..::cion mo!Jing spcdu:eus. for
IzQd Lesling. Cscrs muq he aw:m! that employiug ;i tr:it~zoidal section
rather lh:in a r.:=ctauf!ular sci::tion mav \Cal1 to <lat:! sllifti; am! '-CltlCr.
Ut;equal strcsS. .,..,.e:n~d by damping ~l che f"r:i.i:tur;;; region :md dynamic
twisting, c:msctl hy uneven sL"ikiug of the spc...:itn<!n arc prone to occur
when 1.he f:1ccs of the specimen arc no1 parallel. hm.~rlahoralQry cc.mp:i.d-
scns mu.;;1 dearly spell out the specimen prepa.r.ni<:m '-·.;ndhiDnS.
7 .2.1 Ex1reni;:•. care must be used in handlin,g specimens less
than 6.35 mm (0.:150 in.) wide. Such specimen:-; must be
accurately positioned and supported lO prevent twist or lateral
huckling during the t~st. _Some materials, furthermore, are _very
sensitiv~ to clamping pressure (see Not,,; ! I).
7.2.2 :\ cr"ilical investigation of Lhc mechanics of impact
testing has shown that tests made upon specimcn5' under 6.35
mm (0.~50 in.) wide absorb more energy due _lo crushing.
b!!nding, and twisling lhan <lo wida spi.:::;;imr.::1.h. Thi.:::rcfore.
specimens 6.35 mm t 0.250 in.) or O\"e.r in wid1h :ffe recom-
mended.. The responsibility for detennining Ehc minimum
Copyright by ASTMint'l(allrightsreserved)".MonAug 23 l8:10:29EDT2010
7 Copyright by ASTM Int'! (all rights reserved); Mon Aug 23 18:10:29 EDT 2010 S
Downioaded/prinled by
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~ composite test specimen is nm recommended and ~hould bt:
_J_ DIRECTIO.N OF
COMPRESSION
MOLDING
1 8.4 The depth of the .plastic material remaining
oF SPECIMEN
SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION 7.2
in.
= 0.0:J2
0.400
1.25 = 0.04
2.50 =0.08
O.ClOA = 0.002
0.SC-0 :: 0.frOB
specimen width shall be the investigatOr's. wilh due rclcrcncc
to the SpccificatiOn for Lll.at material.
7 .2.3 Mate.rial specification should h~· ·consulted for pre-
ferred molding conditinn!l.. The type of mold and molding
1m1chinc used and the t1ow bchaYior in th~ mold c:-n-iry will
inllucn~ the impac..·t resi~l;.mc< Llhlained. A s.pt!cim.:n l:akt:n
from one end or a molded plaque may give ditlerenr rcsuhs
than a specimen taken from the other end. Cooper~uing
laboralorics should therefore ag.rc.c on swnd:ird molds .:nn-
fonning lu th.: material spcdtication. Practice D~64 ! c.:an bi.:
used as a guide for gencrJl molding tolerances. but refer to the
material specifiqnion for specific molding condition!\.
7 .2.4 The impact resistance of a plastic material m:.iy be
differe.nt if the notch is pcq1Cnd~cular to. rnthcr than para!lel to.
the direction of molding. The same is £rue for spccimeps Cm
with or across the grain of an anisotropic sheet or plate.
7.3 For sheet materials, the specimens shall be cut from lhi!
sheet in both the lengthwise and crosswise directions unless
othc1Wi$C spccific.:d. The width l)f lhc specimen shall he !he
thickness of the. sheet if the sheet thickncS& is between 3.0 and
12.7 mm (0. l 18 and 0.500 in.). Sheet material thicker than 12.7
~r.m shall he m:id1incd down to 12.7 mm. Sp~cimens with ;i
12.7-mm s4uare cross section may b,,; lestt!J dt.h.:r ~<lgcwise or
ftacwise as cut from the sheet. \Vhen .specimens are tested
ftatwise, the. notch shall be made on the machined surface it the
,~filrr 0256 - 10
specimen is machined on one face only. When lhe Specimen is
cut from 3 lhic.:k sheet. notation shali he made or lhe portion or
the thickness or lhc shccl from which the spc..:.imcn wa~ cm, f1)f
1.:xampk. c.:cnt~r, kip, ur b1..)\(L)m :-.urfan.:.
7.4 The praccicc or
cementing. holting .. clampi,ng. or other-
wise comhining ~pccimens of suhstan<brd widlh t0 form :i
avoided sine~; test results mav h~. :>~riously affoc.:t~d hv i1l11..·rfac.:t.:.
effects or cffeCL\ of solvents ~and cements- on en;;:-rgy ;thsorption
of composit~ te.st specimen~. or both. However, if Iwd test data
on such thin mmcrials arc required when no othl..'.r means L1f
pr~paring spi.:cimt;ns ar~ available, and if pui.:.sibk s1.1urc.:o;:s 1.il'
error are recognize.d and acceptable, the following tcdmiqu~ of
preparing composite-s may be utilized.
7.4.1 The test specim.en shall be a composite or individual
thin spCt:imcns h..Haling 635 to_ 12.7 mm (0.250 to 0.5iiO in.) in
wid~. Individual members ofthecornposile shall he accur:.ucly
aligned with each other and clamped, holtcd, or cemented
together. The composite shall be machined to proper dimc.:n-
sions and then notched. ln all such cases the use of composite
specimens shall be noted in the report of lest results.
7.4.2 Care must bC taken to select a solvent or adht-:sivc that
will not affect the impa('t resistance of the mat~rial unJcr lt!St.
lf solvems or solvent-c1.mtaining adhesives are employed. a
conditioning procedurl! shall he established to ensure complete
removal of the solvent prior lO test.
7.5 Each specimen shali he free of lwist (sec N<)lL i--i-) ~m<l
shall have mutually perpendicular pairs of plane parnllcl
surfact:s and free lhm1 scratches. pi1s, and sink marb. Tht.:.
specimens shail be checked for compliance with these require-
ments hy visual ohservation a2:ainst strai2htcd2~s. scmu-e:-;, and
Hat plates. and hy measuring- with mic;omct~r calip.:-rs. :\ny
specimen showing otiservahk or measurable deparnm: rrnm
one or more of these requircrnenl"i shall be n.;jc<.:tt:d ur
machined to the proper size and shape before lc~ting.
Non 14---/\ specimen U1a1 has a :slighl twist to its noLchcd face of(lJl:l
nun {0.00:?. in.) at the point of comact with the pcnJulum :::.triking (!Jgl' will
he likely to ha\"C a charJctcri..:tic frnctun: sut1:tcc witll con.<:.id.,.·1~Mc greater
frar.:tur<! ar~ th:in t"or a nonnal hrcak. ln Lhi:> ca~t: the ..:n.._:i-gy t1.i lin:;,ik :md
loss tht! broken :,:cction may l1t! cLm::::.iJ..:r:1bly targt!r (::!U tu 3!J 'lr J than hX
a nonml hr::.ak. A l:.t!)<!rt!d spi::dITh:!n may require mer'<.' ..:111.:rg.y tu l"ll:nJ il
in the vise l'l\!forc fracture.
S. Notching Test Specimens
8.1 Notching shall be done on a milling machine. engine
lathe. or other suitahie machine tool. lloth rhc feed speed. and
the cutter speed shall be constant throug.hom the notching
operation (see. Not(.:. 15). Provision for cooling th.: ~pccimcn
with either a liquid or gas CLiolant is recommended. A singk-
toor.h cutter shall be. used for notching the specimen. unless
notches of an equivalent quality can be produced with a
multi-tooth cutter. Single-tooth cutters are prefei:rc_d hccausc of
the ease of grinding the .:utter to lhc specimen comour an<l
be.cause or the smoother cut on the specimen. The culling edge
shall be carefully ground and honed to ensure sharpness and
freedom from nick1' and hurrs. Tools with no rake and a work
relief angle of l5 to 20" have hccn found satisfactory.
Nono- 15-For some theCTiioplastics\ curter speeds fr6m 53 to l :\Ii
m!m.in (175 ro4'.l0 ftfrrjn) ata feed spee<lof89 to 160 mm/min (3.5 to 6.3
Downloadedfprinted by
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in.lrnin; without a water coolant or the same cutter speeds at a r..:c
t"li from 36 lC' 160 mm/min l l.4 h1 6.1 in.iminl with water
pr• :d_uC\!d suiiahle notches.
~-2 Sped.mens may be notched sep:irately or iii. a.1
I-hiwcvcr. in dthcr casi.: J.11 unnotchcd backup or "dumm
shall he placed behind the la<;t specimen in the sample
tn prevent distortion and ~hipping by the cutler ai; it exit!
th~ lasl l\!st s.pccimcn.
8.3 The profile 1."lf the cutting toot:t or teeth shall be s1
Lo produc.: a notch of the cont()ur and depth in th
~pecimen as specified in Fi.g. 6 ~se.c Notc. 16). Theim
~ngle of the notch shall he 45 ::: l with a radius of cur
0
at the apex o(0.25 :::!: 0.05 mm \0.010 2: 0.002 in.). The
hisl.'t..:ting the nutc.:h angk shall be pt'.rpendicular lO lhc l
the tcsL specimen .within ".!''.
Nun- l 6-Ther11 is e\•ictcnce that nolchcs in materials of v.idely
ph~~ical dimcnsiom; may dill"er in c1.1ntour even v.·hen using 1b
("Utter.
specimen under rhc notch shall be 10.16 ::o: 0.05 mm (0.
o.OU2 in.). This dimension shall he measured wic?1 appar
accordance with 6.13. The tap~red blade. will be fined
n~1tch. The. spedmen will be approximately vertical b'
the anvils. For specimens with a draft angle. pl1si1i1.1n e
the non-cavity (wider edge) sulface c~ntcrcd on the mi1
tel_. s fli:J.t circular anvil.
:O:L5 Cutll!r !'peed ;:md feed speed should he choi:en ap
ate for the material hcing. tested since the quality of tht
may be ac.kcrnely affected by thermal deformatim
stresses induced during the cuuing operation if proper
Licms ar~ nnc sckctcd5' The nntchirn! parameters used sl
:1ltcr the phy~ical state of thi: matc~i;ll such as hy rais
temperature Lll' <.! therm0phL'·Hic above its glass tni
temperature. ln general, high culter speeds, slow feed ra1
lack. oi" coolant induce more thermal damage than a slov
spc.:c<l. fast feed speed, and the use of a coo"i:mt. Too higl
sptccVcuui.:r spc~ rnti•.:.i. lwwcvcr, may cause impacti
cmcking of the specimen. The range of cutter speed/tC.C
possible to produce acceptable notches can be extcndec
use of a ~uitab!e coolant. (.Sec Note l7.) ln the case
typ~s Of plastics. it is nt.'CCSsary 10 SlUdy th~ dJect of\'::!.
in the notching condiLi0ns. \See Nci!e 18.)
Nan; 17-\Vater ~,r compressed gas is a suilable c0<..1l:mt i
pla~til."S.
Nffrf. I8-Emlx!ddcd thermocouples, or another tcm~nuurc
ing de;·ice. can lle u.<>ed tO detemline the tempera!:.;re rise in the
ne<!f the apex ,:f the n.}tch during machining. 111erma! stres:'es
during the ilntchiog operc.cion can he ~1hsen·ed in tr.msparcm mai
\'iewing the :\pecimen at hw.· magnilication between cros:o;ed
mm\ichromatic light.
8.6 A notching operation notches one or more spc
plus lht: "<lumrny bar'" at a singl~pass through th~ notd
specimen notch produced by each cutter will be examir
e.very 500 notching. operations or less frequently if ex1
shows this to be acccpt.abfo. The notch in the spccimc
(- Su~porti..'lg dam are a<;":i.il:>tie from AST~·I Headqu:inen;., Request
}iiqf;,
 ,~mJt 0256 -10
of the material lo be tested. ~hall he lnspectcd and verifie.d. One
prnccdurt: for the inspection .:mJ veriti..;ati(1n or
lhe nolch is
presented in Appcn.Ji:..:. X l. I ~ach 1ypc of m:.Hcrial king notched
m~si bi.:.· inspt.~!~d anJ ;\_·rilh.:d :l\ lha! time. ll th.,; angk: nr
radiu~ docs nnt fall wirhin the specified !imiLs for materials of
satisfacmrv machinim? ch~-trJ.ctcri5ti.:~- thi.:n the <."utter shall he
rcphtccd ~ilh a ncwly-sharp..:ncd and honed one. (Sec ~1.itc 19:)
Nc•rc l 0-A ..:arbidc-ti;Jp;!d or im.h:strial di:unoud-Lippcd uot<.i1i11g
cuucr is rc..:omim.~nd~<l 11.ir hm~..:r ::cr\·ic..: lift:.
9. Conditioning
9 . 1 Cmidiriouing-Cnnditilm lht: W~l sp~cim~~ns al 23 _
'.Y'C (73 =. ~.6(·F) and 50:: IO (:i: n.·lative humidity for not less
than 40 h afler notching and prior to testing in accordance with
Pn.x:edure. t\ of Pr~tcticc unkss it can bl.! <locumcnte<l
(ht:t\~.:een :-;upplicr and l:ustoml..'.f] thai a shlincr Clln<litioning
time is suffident for a given matl..'.1ial to reach equilibrium of
impact resi~tance.
9.1.1 Nt".,le ~hat for som1? hygros..::~'ri..: materials. such as
nylons, the mate.rial spccifica1i1.1ns (for example. Specification
})4!!66) call for testing "\iry .?..$-mOlJ~d· specimens.°" Such
rc4uirc.rne1Hs rake precedence over the above routine precon-
ditioning to 50 <,f rcl.'.Iri"'-' humiJily and ·r~quirc scaling the
spedmens in ,,...,Her vapor-impcrmcabk ...:\)lllc:.iners as soon as
molded and not removing [hem until ready for testing.
9 . '2 Test C"<mditions--Conduct h.:srs in the standard lahora-
tnry atmosphere t-.f 23 ~ 2"C \73 ~ ~Ji';F) and 50 ::t · 'le w 10.4 Check the specimens for confrmnity wi1h the rcqulrt'-
n::lativ·t': humidity, unkss otherwise spc..:iticd in the material
specification or by customer requir~mcnu• . In cases of dis-
agreement. the tolerances..shail Pc ± 1·-·c <= l.~r'F) and± 5 <J:
rc.lative hu1i1idity.
l U. Procedure
HU At le~st fivi: and prckrably K'll nr mt-ire indivit.lual
determinations or impact rcsistanc>:" must be made on. each
:iample to he lt'sEcd under th..:- conditi,,ns prescribed in Section
q_ Each group shall consist or spcc:irnc.ns V.·ith the same
nominal width l :::O. i 3 mm (±.:0.00'."' in.)). In the case of
spcdmcns cut from shi.:::cts. that atT suspi.:::.:ted of being aniso-
trnpic, prepare and test specimens fwm c.ach principal direc-
tion f}e.ngthwise and croSS\.vist. tu the tlir;.:-.ction oi anisotropy).
lfi.2 Estimate the Pre-aking cn.:rgy for the Specimen and
select ;;1 pendulum or suitabk energy. Use the lightest standard
p:ndulum that is ~xpeclt!d lll bn:ak ~:.1ch sp..:cimcn in the group
with a loss of not more than 85 <'fl- of its energy {see Nt~te '2i)j.
Check the machine \1.'irh the pr\..,pcr pendulum in place for
conformitv wilh the. reQuircmcms of Section 6 hcforc stru:tilH!
the Lcsls . (St!~ /\pp,.,.-ndi ~ XL) - failur~ categories in 5.8).
Nm~ 20-ldeally. an impa.:t rest w<iul<l.lx t.:ondu..:ted at a ..:onstant test
\Clocity. In a pendulum-type test . th..:. -.·clQt;ity decreases as the fracture
progresses . For specimens that haw an impact energy approaching tlle
capa...ity of tlt(! pendulum there is insuUidem energy to ..:omplete th~ break
anlt loss. By a•'Oiding th..: higher l:'i •:;.scale energy readings. the velocity
of the pendulum will not be rcduccll beh~w l.3 nl/s. (4A flls). On the other
hand. the use of 100 hea;y a ~ndulum w<.mld reUu.:e the sensith°ily of the
reading.
10.3 1f the machine is cquipp..:-d with a mechanical pointer
and dial, pcrtOrm the following •)perations before testing the
~pecimens. If the machine is equipp~d wilh a digital indicating
Copyright by ASTM Int' I (all rights reserved); MonAug 23 18:10:29 EDT 2010
9
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system, follow the manufacturer·s instruction~ t;.: con-eel for
wi'ndage and friction. If excessiv\: friction js indic.:at..:-d, the
machine shall be adjusted before stanin,g 3 r~.:>1.
10.J. l \Vith the indicating pnintcr in it~ normal stJr!ing
position but Without (I srcciffiCll in the \·isc . rdca~C thC
pendulum from its normal starting pqsilillll athl· tltllc tht:
posit.ion the pointer auains after the. S\ving as one reading of
Factor .4.
10.J.2 Without resetting t11c pointer, rai~c the pendulum and
rcka~e again. The pointer should move up thL' scale an
additional amount. Repeal ( 103 . 2} umil a swil)g i:auscs no
ad<lition:il mtn:~mt:nt of the poinh.:.r anJ note lh{.' lin<ll n..·aiJing
as one reading of Facror B <sec >:m-.·. 2 t ).
10..33. Repeat the preceding two operations several times
and·calculate and record the average A and B readings.
Non; '11-Fa..::or 8 ban indk:ithJll or lh..: cn..:rgy !o:.;t hy the p.:11Juhm1
t0 lli.:thm in lhl! iNnJuhnn ht:arings and lll win.Jag..:. "l h..: Jiff..:rem:._. ,\ - B
is an imlh..-aticn of the energy lOSL lO fri;;1ic11 ;111~1 in~nia in the indk:niug
mech:misnt Howen,'1. the :ti..'tual corn.."t.:tions v..il\ l"ll..' :-:J11alte1· rl1:111 t.he<;e
factors. since in ;.m actual test the energ~ ati::arti..:d hy tllc ::p.::ciim:!l
pre\'l!lll'> tile pendulum from making a full swing.. ·lhcrcfor..::, the iu<licated
breaking energy or llte specimen mus.the induded in tl1e .::1Icu\:uion of 1.he
mad1h1c corre..:Lion before de-1.erntiniug th~ hrc:iking energy Qf th.: $peci.-
mcn (S\..'>.:! 11).:-lj. The .4. and 8 \·;!lucs ;tl5•J pwdctc :in i!lctication <lf the
condilion or the m:t..:hine.
10..3.4 If cxci;:ssive friction is indicated. 1hc machine. :.h;'..lll he
adjusted before starting a tesl.
mcms of Scee ions 7. ~- and l'tu.
10..5 b1leasurc and record the width of ~ad1 specimen alter
notching to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.tJOl in.). Measure the
\.Vidth in one location adjacent to th~ notch centered about the
anlicipated fracture plane.
W.6 Measure an<l record che depth of mat0ri~J.1 remaining in
the specimen under lhe norch of each specimen lO th..: nearest
0.025 ·mm (0 . 001 ·in.)_ The. tapered bl~ide ·will he ·fiut:d to the
nolch. ThC 3pecimen will bl;'.. c:ppruxim<ilcly ,·ertic:1l between
the am-ii~.. For specimens with a draft angle. pl1sitit'n edge or
the non-cavity (wider edge) surface centered on the micrnme-
·ter's flal circular anvil.
10.7 Position the specimen pre.cisely tsee 6:fj ~o thal it is
rigidly, but not Loo lightly (see N1"'!.C l l ). clamped in Lhc vise.
P·ay spt:cial :!ltcmit.ll1 l\..l.CilSUl'C that lhc "impactcJ s.:nd"" or1hc
spccimc.n a~ sho\vn and dimensioned in L,g. 6 is the end
projecting abo·,:c. the vise . Release the p~ndulum and record the
indii:alcd breaking energy of the spc.cimcn togcL.11a with a
de...~cription of the appearance or th~ broken specimen (se.e
l 0.8 Subtract the wind.age and fridicin t.:OITl..'.Clhm from the
indicated. breaking cnt:rgy.of U1c specimen, unkss determined
auromatically by the indicating. system (that is. digital display
or computer). If a mechan~cal dial and; pointe'r is employed. u:-\c
the A and B factors and· the cippropri;.uc. tahle~ or the graph
described in Annex Al and Annex :\2 to determine {he
correction. For those digital systc.ms that do not aut·omatically
co:ri:Ipensak· for windag~ a~d fridion, follow th~ manufactur-
e.r's procedure for performing this correction.
10.8.l In other words, either manually <1r automatically, the
windagc and friction correction value is subtractl.!d from the
,~mJt 0256 - 10
uncorrected. indicale·d breaking enc.rgy tv otnain the new 13. Test Specimens
hn:.·aking enert~y. Compare the net Yalue so fl 'und \>..:ith the 1:=u Thi.: lesl. specimens ~hall'" be th~ :;amt: :ls :-ip~ciI
energy rcquircmcm of the hamrncr :..pc..:ilicd in· i!l.'2. If a Section 7.
hamrni..:r l)r impropa t:ncrgy wa~ us1.:d, discard 'till: n.·.-;ult and
make additional tests on new ::.pccimcns-.. wiih the proper 14 . No.tchiug Test Specimens
hammer. l.Sec Annex Al and Anne.\ :\2.)
~p(
10.9 Divide the net \:aluc found in l\l.~ hy the mca~urcd
14.1 Notching test specimens shall be the same as
in Section X.
witllh ol the particular sp~ciml.'.n tu obtain th~ imp~i.:t r1..·.si:-1ancc
under the norch in J/m t ft-lbtfin,). If the <.iptional unit;) of
k.T/m2{JHhffin. 2 ) are used. divide the. net ,.-::lluc L<rnnd in lil.8 hy 15. Conditioning
the meJ.surcd width :tnd depth untkr the notch cJf the p:micular 15.l Specimen (onditioning and test cnvirnnrocnt sl
specimen lo ubtain the imp<icl strength. The t-.:nn. ''depth undt·r in accor<lam.:~ wilh Section 9.
the no.tch;· is graphically represcntCd hy Dimension A in Fig.
6. Cons.equenlly. the cross-sectional :Jrca (wiJth times depth 16. Proc('dure
under the notch) will need lo be reported. (St:c Appendix. X4.) 16.l The procedure shall be the same as in Section !
JO.JO Cakula1c lhc aYCl.J!:!i.: lr.<.1d impact n:sislancc ur llK~ thi.=. addition l)f a pro-.:t:durc for estimating the energy iti I·
group of specimens. Howc;•cr. only ~·alucs or
specimens hrnkcn specimen pan.
having the same nominal width ai1d type. or
break m<iy .be 16. l. l ~·fake an estimate of the- magnitude or the em
a\'eragcd. Values obtained from specimens tha1 Jid not hrcak in toss each different type of material and each cli!lCrem sp\
the manner ::;pecificd in .5.~ shall not he included in the avt'rngc. sizl.! lWidtll). This is. done by repositioning the frc.:: end
Also calculate the standard deviation of the group of vi::!lues.
hrokcn specimen on the clampc.d portion and suik.i1
second timi; with LiJ.c pcndUlum released in such a wa
11. Report
imp.'.irl to the Sf'll:Cimcn apprnx:imately the san1e -..do:.:it)
11.l Rcpon {he following informmk1n: attained during the ti?~t. This is done hy rclcasi11~ 1hc pc1
I I.LI Tht! t..:st method used \Tc:-it Ykth~1d A. C.. D. or Ii). from :.t height Ct.llTt\'lpon<ling to that 10 which it ro..;...· fol
11. l .2 Complete identification 1)f the material tested, includ-
the breakage of the test specimen. The energy to tos.s
ing type source, manufacturer·~ code numhcr. :ind prcvinus c;onsidl!rcU to he the difference l:ietwt.-cn lht:. reading pre·
history, dcs~..-ribed and the.: fn.:c swing reading obt.nin..:d from this
11.1.3 A s1at~m~nt of how 1he spi:.dmt:ns w.:rc pri.::parcd. th~
A rt::prndudhk me.th<.1d or starting tht'. pi.:nJulum fr,
testing conditions used. the flumhi.:r of hours the specimens proper height must be devised.
were conditioned after nntdling, :ind for !-hCct materials. the
dir.:ction of testing. with rcspl.!ct to anisotropy, if any: ff Report
tl.1-4 Th~ capacity of lhc pi:.ndulurn in juuks; ur f1JLH
J7. l Report ihc following information:
pound-force, or inch pound-force.
I7.l.1 Same as 11.LL
11.15 The width and depth under the notch l1f i.::ach speci-
17.l.2 Same as !l.L2,
men tesle<l,
17.U Same·as Jl.l.3,
l l. l .6 The total number (if ~pcci mens 1cs1cd rcr sample -of
17.lA Same as l l.1.4,
material,
17.15 Same as 11.1.5,
11.l.7 The t)11C· of failure tsec 5.<SJ,
17.l.6 Same as li.l.6,
l L I.8 The impact resistance must he reported in Jim
17.!.7 The aver.:ige reversed. notch !mp.:1c1 rc~isrnn
Lft-lbflin.); the optional unit.s of kJim\!Hhflin.! ~ may also. be
(fr-lbf!in.) (SCL' 5.8 for failure categories).
required (sec !0.9).
17.1.8 Same as ll.1.8.
l l. l.9 The number of those !<.pc.cirnens. that resulted in
17.l.9 Same as ll.l.9.
failures which conforms to e<ich or the rcquircm.:m categories
17-1.10 Same ai;; ll.LlO. and
in :'\.8,
17.1.11 Same as lLl.lL
lLl.10 The m•erage impact resistance and standard devia-
17. l.12 The estimated toss c0rre.ction, expres:-;ed in i
tion {in J/m (!l-lb1i'in.)) for those specimens. in each failure
joule lrJ or foot pound-force (11.-lbfj_
category. except non-break JS presented in 5.:<.. Optional .uniLi;;
2 l 7. l. l 3 The difference between the lzod impact ea12
(kJim (1i.-lhii'in. 2)) may also need h1 be reported tscc AppcnJix
the toss correction energy is the net Izod energy. ThiS
X4). anti
dividt:<l by the specimen width (at the base t.lf nt.Hch} l1
1 L l.11 The percent of specimen.; faiiing in ca.ch cate_gory
[he net lzod impact resistance for the report.
sutlixcd hy Lfie corre.-:.ponding letter code from ).~L
TEST il'!ETHOD C-CA"'TILEVER BEA~t TEST FOR TEST METHOD D-NOTCH RADIUS SENSITI
MATERIALS OF LESS THAN 27 Jim (0.5 !Hbf/in.) TEST
12. Apparatus 18. Apparatus
12.l Th~ apparatus shall be th:e. same. as specifle.d in Section HU The appa..··mus shall be the same. as specified in
6. 6.
Copyright by ASTM lnt'l (all righis reserved)~ Mon Aug 23 18:10:29 EDT 2010 IO
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 '·qllllr 0256 - 10 ,qllllr 0256 -10
19. Test Speciinens 24.1.4 Same as 1Ll.4. TABLE 1 Precision Data, Test Method A-Notched lzod
19.l Th~: test spct·imi.:ns sh:!ll be th1;: ::.ami.: a:> ~p-:cilied in 24.l.5 Same as l LL:". NOTE 1-V;llu\!.'> itt ft-lblfin. o( wi<lth iJh: •1l \\ kilh).
Section 7. All spu:i1rn;n:-. must be llf the same nomin11l \.VidEh. 24 .L6 Same as l l .1.{i. Non:: 2-Sce Foomote IO.
preferably 6.35-mm cn.1~-in:i. 24.l.7 The avcrag1..· rt.:\.\..'T~t.:tl no1ch impa.:..-t r1..·:-;is1a.ncv. in J/m Numb
fft·lblfin.) (sec 5:0 for failure cat~gorii..::-.).
Mete rial Avera9e s.' St::( !/; 1,F LalXlra
20. Notching Test Specimens 24.l.8 Sarne as l l. !.8. o.~'76
24.l.9 Same as i l.l .9.
Phenolic
Ao:: eta I
0.51 {30.4}
1.45 {77.4j
0.024
O.Q75
{1 3)
{4.0)
(4.1}
0.604 (32.3)
0.06 i3.2)
0.21 (11.2;
0.21 (11.2)
1.70 !90.8)
"g
l(U Notching shall h~ done as specifi.~d in Section X and Reinforced nv!on ~.28 \105 7j 0.6g {3G8j 1!
24.1.10 Sam!..'. as ii.i.li\and 0.083 (4 4j 0.245 \13.H 023 {12 3j
6. l:Xl..'Cpl tl1osc ten specimens shall be nncchcd with ;;i, Polypropyien~ 2.66 (142.0) "(l.154 (8.2) 0.573 (30.6} 0.43 (23.0) 1.62 (86.5.1 2•
24.1.ll Same :is t:.l.l'.. ABS 10.80 (576.7) 0.136 (73) o.sss (3~.2} 0.3S (20.3) 1.65(881) 2!
s llf iJ.15 mm (O.!lll.i in.) and h:n spt".dmi:.ns with a radius
24.l.12 Report the ~1veragt!· value ol h with }L<:; unil::, and lhc Poiycarboriate 16.40 (875.8) 0.295 (lS.8} 1.056 {56.4) 0.83 {44.3) 2.98 t159.i) 2!
of LO mm (t.lJi4!) in.).
average lzod impact rcsi~t:inl"c.' for ;1 0.25-mm (0.010-in.J A5r = within·iaboratory standard devie<ion of ti";e a•1erage.
esA = between·laborat0ri~s S\andard dB":;iation Qf Iha aver.age.
21. Conditioning nuti:.:h.
CJ, =2.83 Sr
:n.l Sp~cime.n
conditioning. and te~t cnvironmcm shall be TEST METHOD £-CANTILEVER BEAM Ri::VERSED
OIA=2.33 SA.

in m.:cor<lam.:t: with Section 9. NOTCH TEST

30.1.5 Same :is IL i.5. applied Lo acceptance or rejection of m~tcri::li, as tho::.c (.'
22. Procedure 25. Apparatus 30.1.6 Sam.; as
l!. U\ spl.'ciflc lo tlll..'. round nihin anJ may nol he rcprcs~m.u
22.l Proceed in aCCl'rdancc with Scc1ion lO. icsting ten 25.l The apparatu:> shall h;;: the same as ::.pedfi.cd in Section 30. l .7 The a\'crage rcvcrncd nolch impact resistance. Jim other lors. conditions, materials. (lr Jabnnnories. Users
spccirncm•. Gl each nOlch radiu~. 6. (ft-lb!lin.) (sc~ 5.:-5 for failur~ categories). test method should apply the principles outlined in f
22.2 The ave.rage impact rcs.ist:mce of each group shall be .30.1.8 Same as J L 1.::-i, l'.fi91 to generate data specific to their lahoratory and-m::
\'.'alculatcd, cxc.·cpt tlwt within each group the typ~ vf \:lrcak 26. T~t Specimens 30.l.9 Same as J 1.L'J. or het\.vecn specific laborawries. The principles of ~ ! ..~
mu:-.t h...: humog~n ...·1.iu~ly C, H. C and H. or l-'. 26.l The rest specimen shall he the s::imt: as specified in 30.1.10 Same as 11.1.l~J. and would then be valid for such 1.hua.)
22 ..1 ll thc spei;im1,;ns with the 0.25-mm (OJHO-in.) radius Section 7. 30.1.11 Sam.: a~ ii.LL. 31.3. l Repeatabifiry, lr '. Gwrparing Two Test Resuits
nolch ck! nnl hrcak. th~ ll.:;..t is not ~lpplkahk. Same Murerial, Obrained hy !he Same Opnmvr Us.
27. Notching Test Specimens 31. Preci~ion and Bias
22-4 If any of tl.."n sp~d1m.:ns tested with the 1.0-nun Same Equipmem on rhe Sume Dayi-Thc h·vo test
{!J.040-in.) radiu:.. ll\JH.:h rail a~ in c:alcgory NB. n1.n1-hrt:ak., .lhe 27.l Notch lhc test specimen::; in accordance with Scction l:i. 31.l Tabk l and "rJ.hk. 2 are based on a· round robin in xhould be judged not equivalent it they differ by more t
notch scnsilivity procedure cannot be used withi..'m Oblaining accordance Ytith Pn.h.:tic~ L691. For each mmerial. all th.: tt:st I,. value for that material.
addiliOn:ii data. :\ llC\\" SCl Of spc.:imens should be prepared 28. Conditioning bars were prepared <tl one !-i\JUrce. except for norching. Each 313.2 Reproducihi!iry. IR (lampariug Tiro Tt>s£ Res
from the same sample. using a .G.50-mm ((i.020-in.) notch 28.1 Specimen conditionin~ and lest environment shall be participating laboralory nmche-d the hars that 1hey rcst-:J. T;!hle dw Same Materi.t.Jf, Ob!ai.m~.1 by Dijf"erem Operc1Mr.~
radiu~ µml 1hc pri..K.:L'Jun..· ~)r '.'.:'.::.l :rnd '.:1.~ n:pcati...:J. in accordau~c witb Sc..·ctkn1 9. 1 and T:tbk 2 are prcsentt:d on the h:t'\i~ of a t.:::st result heing DiJt'erem Equipmenr vn D(ffi:it'iff Days)--The two test
the average fo~ five spccim;.;ns. In the round r11bin each should be judged not equivalent if lhcy differ by mor~ t
23. Calculation 29. Procedure laboratory tested. on average, nine specimens of each material. IR value for that material.
23.1 Calculate the slope of the tine- connecting the value,.;;; for 29. l Pwc~e-d in accur.Janc~ "vith Section W, ~xccpl damp 31.-2 Tabk· 3 i~ hascd on a round nJbin 5 i!l"vnlving five 31.33 Any judgment in aL.-cordanci.; \Vith 3l.3.i anc
impact rcsisrnncc for 0.25 and t.0-rnm notch radii or (0.010 the specimen so that thi:. striker impacts it oit the face opposite materials teslc<l hy seven lahoratoricS. Fnr each material, ail ihc W1,.1uJJ have an appWXimak• 95 r_;{· (0.95) prohahiJily 0
and fJ.U40-in. 11\lic\1 radii) hy thl.' ._:quatii..m prvs~nk<l as follows. the, nOlch, hence subjecting lhc notch to compressi\·e r::Hher samples we.re prepared at one sour~c. and th~ individual correct.
(I( a 1J.5licJ .. mm·{1.LO~O-in.) notch radius is suhstitutcd. adjust than· tensile strcssc~ during imp:!d (sec Fig. 2-and- Note 22. specimens w~n.:.~ all notch-;d at tht: same bhoralory. Tabh.: ~ is 31.4 Bias-There is no recognized ~landanis hy \\·
the. \.:alculation c.1ccordingly.) ~lite 23. and N~!i;,.' 24). presented on the basis of a test result being the average for five c~iimatc bias of these tcsi. methods.
specimens. In the round rnl'lin. each lahoratory te:.:ted ten
!;.= (t.:: - E 1)/(R: - R1) NoiE 22-TI1e ri!\;!r.>cd notch tes1 t!mploys a slandarJ 0.25·mm 11J.010- N"oTF. 25-Nm:r.emus ch;ingc:. han: (IC<:um:d s:iw...'t! the o.1lhxti
in.) notch sp-.:!cimcn lo pro\'idc an indiC•l!.i<m of unnotchcd im.pa..:t specimens of each material. \Jrigiual round·rohiu data in 1973. Cousequ..::1uly. :i u~w task g
rc.sistancc. Use of the ren:rsed notch test obvi:ne:-:. lhc need for ma.:::PJ.nin~ 31.3 Concept (ffr and 11:1.-H S,. anJ SR ha\:~ hl..'.l..'.n cakulated hecn formed to e;-"aluate :1 pr<!dsion and tiias statemeut for !
where: unnot-.:hed specimens w thi: rcquirl!d Hl.1 ::!: 0.05-mm 11).41:10 j; 0.01J2-in:) from a lame enou2h bo<lv of dala. and for rest rcsulrs that were rc,,·ision of these tcsl methods.
. E, avcr:tgc imp:u:;t rcsistm1~c for the larger noh:h, Jim of cte'nth before tcstin~ :md !Jf<JYid.es the same .:onrcniencc of spc-..:imen averages 1tom testing fi'.'~ specimens. (\Varning-Thc follow-
notch. mOumiu~ as lhe st;1dard 1~mch tests nest il.·1cLh<xls A and CJ. ing explanations of/, and IR {sec- 3 t.3-.~l--13) arc only intended ~2. Keywords
E, average impact resistance for thl! smaller notch, J/m NoTE °23-Rcsul!s ohrninci.i by the rnvcrscd notch to.::st may not alwars or
io prcsenl a meaningful w_ay con:-;idi;Ling the pn.x:iiiion t}!'this 32.l impact rcsislancL·: lztid impacl: notch st:n
of notch. agree wi1h 1h0sc obtained •.m unrimch:.:d hars tha1 ha>·c l"XX!n machined 10
tl~e 10.2-mm 10.400-in.) \kpth requirement. For some materials. the
test method. The data i~ ·fabks J-3 should not he rigorously notched specimen: reverse. notch impact
R,, = radius of the. lar£!.er notch, mm. and
effl:'cts arising fwm the .Jiffer.!nce in the clamped masses of the two
R-, = radius or
the sm';i.llcr notch. min.
specimen typ;:?s during I<'.~!. and thCIS.: aHribut<.?hlc to a possible ditlCrcm..-c
Example: ill 1o:;s energies a_<;ail"l<!~1 11: the hrn~n end~ of 1he respcc1ivc specimens,
F:: 1 ~c = >30.95 Jim: HQ.l~ = 13S.n Jim may c<Jnt1ibme signirkanil; to <!. di:-parity in 1csr results.
Nm1! ::!d.--\Vhere materials are susp·~ctcd of anismwpy, due 10 m.1lding
b = (330.9:\ - 08.78 J/m)/(1.00 - 0.25 mm.i
or mher fabri.::ating inlluimces. nntch n.~,·crseJ. nOll'h specimen.<; on the face
b = 192.17 J/m0.75 nun opposite to that USl'<l for the st:mdard Izod test; th<!t is, prc~er.t rhc same'
=256.:::!JJim face to the impact t'llow.
Or notch per mm of radius
JO. Report
24. Report 30.l Report.the following information:
24. l R.t:.pi..1n the following informali1..m: 30.l.1 Sarne as 11.1.J,
24.l.1 Sam-: as ii.LL 30.l.2 Same as lLU.
24. l.2 Same as 1L L.2, 30.I.3 Same·as 1LLJ.
24. 1.3 Same as i L L3, 30.1.4 Same as. l l.l.4,

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 q@r 0256-10 .q@r 0256 - 10
TABLE 2 Precision Data. Test Method C-Notched lzod the machine dial. This yields a nonlinear Scale C: with indicared A 1.6 fn.uruc!ivns for Using Chari:
Non, 1-Values in fHt1r1in. cf width !Jim of wh.lth). pendulum energy increasing lO the righl. i'\:1.6.'1 · Llic:-ue and mark on Scak A the readillg All
NarE 2-See Foomotc I0. from the fn;e swing of 1hc· pendulum V.'ith the poimer
A 1.3 On the right-hand ordinate lay off a linear Scali:: H
:~umber o! sitioned in the free hanging or maximum indicaled
Material Average S;'' S;f 1,c 1,p La:::o;atorfes srnnin~ with zero ai the l:iouom and stopping al the maximum
position on the dial.
f?henolic 0.45 ;24.0: C.033 {2.0} 0.129 (Q.9j 0.10 (5.3) 0.~6 (192) 1$ cxpu:tcd pendulum friction and win<lag(; value at the top.
AI.6.2 Ltteah.: and mark un .Scak B the reading B (l
;~~:~:\:~:=:i~~.:rZt~;:S~t~r!:~a~~~i;i~~~~~:,:iv:~~ge. Al .4 Cln th;! left ordin.:ne construct .i linear Scale U rnnging after several free swings with the pointer pushed up clo~
Cf,: 2.83 S,.. from L::ro at th(" b~1ttom to J .:! times th!.:! maximum ordinate zero indicaLctl energy posilion of the d.ial by the pend1
0
1p=2.% Sq. accordance wirh instructions in l !).?:.
•;aluc appearing nn sc~lle B, hut make tht! scale twice !he SC:J.!C
used in the construction of Scale B. A 1.63 (\1nnc1.:t the two points thus obtained by a
TABLE 3 P~ecision Data, Test Method E-Reversed Notch lzod line.
Non: l-V;1lucs in tHllf/in. of wii.Ith (J/m of wi\i!h). Al.:" Adjoining Scale. D draw a curve OA that is the focus A 1.6.4 From the indicated impacl energy on Scale C
NQT;; 2-See Fcotuote 8. of pl1ims. whose coordinates have equal valut:s of energy up to the construdcd line and across to the left to ob
Ma:erial Average S/ Sn" I/; r,r com:c;ion on Scale D and indicated energy on Scale C. This con-c-::tion li.ir windagc ::md frktion from Scale D_
Acrylic sheet, unmodified 3.02 {161 •.3} 0.243 (13.0) 0.525 (28.0} 0.68 (36.3) O.i~ (37.9)
curve is refen-ed to as Scale A and utilizes the same divisions Al.6.5 Suhlr~tcl !his corre,ction from the indicated
Premix mofding compounds laminate 6.11 (3263j 0.767 (4'1 0) 0.735 (42.0) 2.17{115.9) 2 22 (1185) and numbering system as the adjoirting Scale D. reading to ohtain 1hc energy delivered to the spe.cimer
acrync, inj~c~ion molded 10.33 !551.6} 0.878 {46.9) 1276 (68.1} 2.49 (133.0} 3.61 (192.8}
compound (SMC} iamirmle ll.00 (537.4) 0.71S (394) 0.785 {41.9) 2.03 i1CB.<1! 2.22 (118.5}
Preformed mat laminate 19.43 (1037.5} 0.960 (51.3) 1.618 (86.4) 2.72 P4s.2i 4.58 (244.6)
"'S, =within-laboratory standard devia!iOt' of the avef2ge. A2. PROCEDURE FOR THE CALCULATION OF WINDAGE AND FRICTION CORRECTION
13
~ =between-laboratories standard devi;:;tivn or th; average.
c:1, =2.83 s,.. A~. I. The pwcedurc for the calculation of the windagc and
DJ::;= 2.83 SR.. L distance fn.)m fulcrum w center of gra\
fril·lion correction in this annex is based on the equati~ms pcll<lulum. m lt't).
Jeo..:cloped by derivation in Appendix X3. This procedure can ft,H m<Lxirnum hdght of center of graviry of pen
he usi.:J as a substitute for the graphical proc~dure described in at start l)f l("Sl, m (ft). and
ANNEXES Amie.'>:. 1\ ! and is applicahk to small electronic calcul~uor an<l ~max. maximum angk pendulum will !ravel wi
..:omputcr ai1alysis. swing t}f lhc pendulum.
(Mandatory Information)
A].~ Calculate L. the distance from lh~ axis of supp~Jrl {(1 l\2.7 Measur~ specimen breaking energy, £$, J <ft·I
AL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A Wl:-<DAGE AND FRICTION CORRECTION CHARI' the ccmcr of percussion as indicated in 6 ..~. 1It is assumed here
lhat the cemcr of pe.rcussion is approximately the sam1!· as the A2.8 Calculate P for specimen measurement£$ as
...:l.!ntcr (lf gr:ffity.J

·fl:~~I
;:t :o:i fl = "" ' ll - [(h,/Li(I - E /E,,j])
w D
- Ac
-' w A1.3 ~:foasure the ma"{imum height. hM. or the center of
<~ -' where:
11crcussion (center of gravity) of the pendulum Jt the start of
~ =° "'u the. test as indicated in X2.l 6. 13 = angh: pendulum travels for a given specimen.
a: w
«-'
"'0: Ei =· di:.il reading brt:aking energy for a specimen, J {
w"'
zU "'w A:?.4 Measure and record the energy co1Te.ction, E,v for
:::;"' ;,, A2.9 C~i.kulate tow! correction energy, Ere- as:
t t t wind.age of the pendulum plus tiictiou in the dial, a~ d~lcr­
I 0: -'
MAXIMUM SWING
POSITION
FREE HANGING
POSITION
RELEASE
POSITION
o:"'
WW
I
0:
mini.::d wi\h the first swirig of the pendulum with no specimen E,,. = <E., - iJ'i/2))(~(~~,J ~ (El'J
I- z w in th~: ll.!sting d~vice. This correction must be rc:ad on lh~
z:::; 1-
~­
z cncfgy :.;cale_ EM, appropriate for the pendulum used.
LINEAR 8 o•
0. z
8
6Q. where:
NONLINEAR E
r~ A~.5 Without rc?ctting the position of the indkawr ob- Ere total correction energy for the breaking cncr
FIG. A1.1 Method of Construction of a Windage and Friction ,_1- 1-
or a spt:i.:in~~n. J tfl·lbl). and
Correction Chart -
;< w
U ::> tain~d in A2...i-. measurl! thl! energy corn..-c:Lion. Es. it.ir pemlu-
0 energy correction for windage of the pendu
a: i :i: lum \Y·indage after two additional· relea!ies ol the pendulum Es

A 1.1 Tht! construclion and use tif the cha!t ht'.'rcin described
"'"'
zo
c;u
I-
~ with no specimen in the testing device. (fHh!).

I
is ~ased upon the assumption that the friction ;md \Vindagc
losses are: proportional to the angle through which these loss
"'
w
0:
00 "'
z
0
A2.6 Calculate !3m.::<. as follows:
A2.10 Cakuhuc the impa.:t resistance using Lhc fol
formula:
<3---- LINEAR 8
torques arc applied Lo the pendulum. Fig. Al.I shows the
<(
w ~""'=cos-• {I - [(11,,,ll)(I - E,itM)J}
NONLINEAR ENERGY-<> ~
~, = 1£s - Erdlr
assumc:J energy loss vt:rsus lhe cmgk 011.hi; pi.:"ndulum pl>Sitivn FlG. A 1.2 Sample Windage and Friction Correction Chart
during the pendulum swing. The cmTection chart lo be de- where:
scribed is principally the lefl half of.Fig. i\l.1. The windage where:
E,, energy corre.ction for windage of pendulum plus
and friction correction charts s.hould he available from com- µonion of the. swing beyond the free. hanging position. For . (., = impact rc~ist<mc;; of specimen~ J/m (ft·lbf/in.) of
friction in dial. J (fHbf),
convenience, place the free hanging reference point on the and
mercial testing machine manufac[urcrs. The energy losses t:,, full-scale reading for pendulmp. used. J (1Hht).
,.,·idth of specimen or width of notch_ m (in.).
dc.signated as A and B arc described in I G.3. light end of the abscissa wi~h the angular displacement
increasing linearly to rhe left. The absci;;sa is refc1Ted to as
Al.2 Stan the comaructfon (Jf the correction chart (see Fi2.. Scale C. Although angular displacement is the qucmtity to be
Al.2) hy laying off to s.mne convenient linear scale on the represented linearly on the abscissa, this displaceme.nt is more
abscissa of a graph the m1glc of pendulum· positi_on for the conveniently expressed in terms of indicated energy read from

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 '~~' 0256-10 '~~ 0256-10
APPENDIXES

1:\'onmandatory information) A B \
~ /

Xl. l
XI. PROCEDURE FOR THE IXSPECTION AND \'ERIFICATION OF NOTCH

The purpose Pf this proc:edun> is to de5.crihc the. \~) \v !

micr~scopic mcthtld to he used for determining the radius and
angle of the notch. These mca:rnremcnts could also k made ---==-----1.1 r· \/
J1-t.'ff
using a compararor ir availahk.
Non: Xi.l-Thc nmd1 shall h:m.! ;i radius Qf 0.25. '.!:: 11.05 mm !OJ)!() - 1.0 ( I'
;:;<:
::: liJ)fl2 in.) and an angle •1f -1.5 :±: I".
C \\ I
I D\2bi""/
Xl .2 Appararw.:
Xl.2.1 Opricai Device wilh minimum magnific.:aLion or
60X. Pilar glass scale and ...:~mcra aH:1chmcm. f
-

-
.9

.8
---:\-\ I-L-
..
----\ 1
/"" i f--..1
•· \ i I
r
· Xl.2.2 Tram1ummr Temp/are. {will be <lcvchipt:d in Lhi:-;
v. \l/
procedure).
X l.2.3 Ruler. - .7 /, "''!-'
Xl.2.4 Compass.
j\1.2.5 Plastic 45°--15''-90° Dn~tiing Ser Squares (fri- - .6 !;:"µPL...' C \ ~ J ii
angles).
E\_I\. E \ ~ L
Xl.3 A lran~par~n! lemplate lTIUM bl.' dcvdope<l r._,r 1.:ach - .5 NoTE 1-Mai!nification l•JOX. =
FIG. X1 .2 Example of Transp~rent Template for Determining
--~
\ . i.
fTi
-\'I
wi
magnification and for each microscope used. It i::. prcf~rable
ihat each laboratory stan<larJize on one microscopi? an<l one Radius of Notch · i I
magnification. It is nut ne\.:ess:..1ry for each laboralllry to us..: the --~~--.4 \ i . I
same magnificatil111 because each microscope and camera '0
combination has somewhat different blowup ratios. - .3 so· ·t, .~I
XI.::U Set the magnification of 1hc optical dcvii:t.: ;,it a 'I'
suitabk magnilkalion wilh a minirrium magnilicalkin \if 6~iX.
Xl.3.2 Place the Fibr glas:-; slide on the microscope plat-
- .2 FIG. X1.4 Determination of Notching Radius

t11nn. Focus th~ rnicroscope s;~ the. most distinct image l)I the
Filar scale is visible.
Xl.33 Takt.> a phOLog.raph ul· \ht'.' Fib.rscak (s~~ l·ig. X! .!).
Xl.3.4 Cieate-a template similar to th<l.t shown in h~. Xt.1.
X1 .3.4. i find the approxirnate center of the piece of paper.
Xl.3.4.2 Draw :1 set Q( perpendicular coordinates through
the c~mer point.
Xl.3.4.3 Draw a family oJ concenu·ic circles that arc :-;paced
according to the Jimensions of I.he Filar scale.
Xl.3.4..+ This is accomplished by first set~ing a mechanical
compass at a distance or 0.1 mm (0.004 in.) as rcfcn::nc:cd by
the magnified phowgraph of rhc Filar eyepiece. Suhscqucnt
circles shall be spaced 0.02 mm apart \0.001 in.). as rings with
the outer ring bdng 0.4 mm (0.016 in.) from Llw center.
XI .3.5 I~hotocopy the paper with the concenuic cin..·lcs 10
make a transparem template of the concennic circles.
Xl3.6 Construct Fig. Xi.3 by taking a second piece of
paper and find it"s approximate center and mark t..hi!.. ~wint.
Draw one line through this center point. Label this line zero
degree ((('). Drnw a second line perpendicular to rhc first line
through this center point. Label this line ··90"." From Lhc cemer
draw a line that is 44 degrees relative to thc-"O"_·· I .ahel the line
"44n_" Drnw anolhcr line at 46". Label the line "46".'.
Xl.4 Place a microscope gl<iss slide on the micrnscnpc
platform. Place the notched spei.:imcn on top or the slide. Focus
the microscope. Move the sp.:::cimen around using 1he platf1Jrn1
- .1
Norr I-100:-<. rcferen..::c.
N°cfl"£ 2--0.l mm major scale: O.fJl mm minor.s..:ale.
FIG. X1.1 Fifar Scale
adjusting knobs until th.::: specimen· 5 notch is centered and near
lhe bottom of the viewing a~a. Take a picture of the notch.
Xl.4.l Decerminoihm of Notching Radius (see Fig. Xl.4):
Xl.4.l.1 Place the picture '-°"'11 a sheet of paper. Position the
picture so that hottom of the notch in the picture faces
downwards and is about 64 mm !2.5 in.) from the bouom of the
papCr. Tap~. thr.: picture down lV the paper.
Xl.4.1.2 Draw two lines along the sides of the notch
projecting down to a point where they intersect below Nolch
Point I (see. Fig. Xl.4).
Xl.4.1.3 Open the compass to abou~ 51 mm (2 in.). Using
Point I as a reference_ draw two arcs intersectin2 both sides of
lhe notch (See .Fig. xi..+).These intersections ar~ called la and
lb.
Xl.4.1.4 Close. lhe compass to ahoul 38 mm (1.5 in.). Using
Point la as the reference point draw an arc !2a) above the
notch, draw a secor:d arc 1.2b) that intersects- with arc 2a at
CENTER
POINT
FIG. X1_3 Example of Transparent Template for Determining
Angle of Notch
Point J. Draw a line between I and J. This establishes the
centerline of the notch (sec Fig. XIA).
Xl.4.1.5 Plac~ Lhe trnnsparcnt lemplale on top ofilic: pii:..:turl.!
at1d align the center of the concentric circfes with the drawn
ecnterlhic of the. notch (sec hg. Xl.4).
Xl.4.1.6 Slide the template down the centerline of che 0.otch
until om:: concentric circle touches both sides or the notch.
Record th~ radius (If the notch and -compare it agaii
ASTM limits of 0.2 to 03 mm {0.(108 -to 0.012 in.J.
X 1.4. I .7 Examine the notch to ensure thal there are
sp1.)lS ~long the measured radius.
Xl.4.'.? Der~nninarion <~(Nmch A..11g!e:
· Xl.4.~. I Place transparCnt template for determining
angle (s.:i: Fi~. Xi.3) on tnp of the ph0tograph :mached
sheet of paper. Rotate the picture so that 1hc notch tip is r
tl1\1.·ards y1.1U. Posilion \he c~ntcr poim of Che template on
PoinL I e~tabli-shed in O" axis of the template with the rig
straight portinn of the notch. Check the left side ~
ponion of thr.: nmch to l.!nsurc that this portion f:dl:; .bctw•
44 anJ 46·' d.:gree lines. I( nvt, rcpla1_;e lht: blade.
XI .5 ;\ picmre of a notch shall be taken at least e\'e
nolches 1..1r if a. control sample gives a value outs
Lhrcc-~igma limits for .t..i.at test.
Xl .6 If the notch in the contrnl specimen is not wirl
rcquire.i'nents, a picture of the notching blade should b~
:.i.nd analyzed by the same procedure used for the spc
noldi. ff thi: notching blade d ..x:s nol meet ASTM requin
or shows damage. it.should be replaced wilh a new blade
has been checked for proper dimensions.
Xl.7 It is possitile that -the .norching cutter may ha
i..·i..mc;;t dimensions but docs not cut the correct notch

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 -~t' 0256 - 10
.spe.cimen. If that occurs it \Viil be necessary to evaluate cnher
conditions 1;;uuer Jnd feed speeds) 111 \lhtJin lht: correct notch
dimension for that matcriaL
6.JD
X2. CA!.lllRATION OF PENl1l'Ll'M·TYPE HAMMER IMPACT .\I,\CHINES FOR USE WITH PLASTIC
SPECIMENS
4@ f.5
X2. l Thi:> L"J.librjlion proc-cdurl.' applies spei:ilically lo the _.,.. X2.9 fmcn and damp the har described in A?.~ in ~1
11.m.! impad rnad1inc. HO\~'C\'i.:L mud1 nr :hi:.i rm:iccdurt: can he •.:cnical pc1sition in !he center of the vise so that th;:,· llO[(•h in the
applied tcJ the Charpy impact machine :b .\veil. bar is slightly hclow the tnp edge nf the. vise. Place a thin mm
of oil on the striking edge of the pendulum with ;.in oiled ti~suc
X2.2 Locate the impaci machine on a sturdy hasc. Il shall and let the slrikin!! cd!!c rcs.t !!Cntlv ae:;iinst the bar. Thc strikin~
not "walk" on Lhc ba~i:: and 1hc hasi.: :\h:t!! nor vibrate appre- edge. should mak~ co~tact ac~ross .lhe-entire \Vidth nf Lht·. har. fr
ciably. Loss cf energy from vibrati1.111~ will g.h·c high readings. only pariial contact is made, examine the vise and rt·ndulum
It h recommended that the impact t<..:stcr he hohcd to a base for the cause. If the caus.e. is apparent. make the ~tpproprimc
having a mas5. of at lCast 23 kg if it i~ u:-.t:d at capacities hight~r correction. If no cause i~ apparent, remm·e lhc striker and ~h:m
th"n 2.7 J 12 fl·lbl). up or grind its hack face to realign the striking t:dg~ \vith the
surface of the har.
~-~ -©- X2.3 Check the kvd or the rnachitlt' in b~Hh Jin.x·titlllS in 5
the plane of the h~isc with spirit kvcls muun1ed in tilt: base, by ._. X2.1 O. Check the oil line on the foe~ 1..1f 1h~ bar fnr
a machinist's k!•:d if a satisfach'rv reference .surface is horiznnial ~cltirH:. of strikiii2 edge wilhin tan-J o.OU2 wi1h :i
availahle. or with ~l plumh b0b. The n;~K·hine should be made machinist"f.. s4ua~e. ~ .5 - -
level {11 within tan- 1 i.l.001 in the plane 1.11' swin~ and to \Vilhin "
tan·-! 0.002 in the plane perp"cndi~ular IU the S~'ing. ~ X2.Il \Vithout taking the bar of x~.~ from thi..' Yi:-c the or
machine. scnnch a thin line at the top !.!dge of the vis<.' tin tht:
6-1' ©
~ X2..4 Wilh u straig.htc.dge ~md ::i fct'lcr gau!!c or a depth face opposite the slriking face of the b:ir. Remove the har from
gauge. check the he-ighr of the movable Yisc j<nv rciative w the the vise and tnmsfcr this line w· ihc striking fat·c, u!-ing :1
fix.ed vise j<.m·» It musl match the height 1)f the Il:o;:ct.l ••isc jaw rnachiriiSt' s square. The distance fnJm the striking oil !in~ t,·1
wilhin o.O~ mm 1.0.no:; in.)_ the top edge o(the vise ~ht1uld be. 22 :::. 0.05 mm f0.':37 0.001 = !he energy, the pointer friction should be a<lju:-.tctl so th;.H th~
in.j. Correct with shims or grinding. as necessmy. at the hn!lnm
".lt Q)
~ X~.5 Contact the machine manufacturi.:r for a procedure. to
~nsurc !hl! striker ra<lius is in toicrancc 10.XO::: 0.20 mm) (sec --:,....
of the vise. b. S
(}.3)_ ~ X2. l2 . \Vhcn the pendulum is hanging free in its lm\.'~St /'
position, the energy ri.:ading must be within (i.2 ?:· <'!f full scak:_,~~
-~YThr
·ul
~ X2.16 .Me._asure Lhe venic:al <lisrnnce of fail \if the per~dulum _.....,, X2.21 The shaft about which 1he pendulum rotate
striking edge fr(\In its latched _height Lo its h1we:..1 point This
distanl.":c should he 610 ..!.. ~.0 mm e-t _,_ 0.1 in.). Thi3.
mcasurcmcm may he made hy bhxking up a l~v1:.:I un 1h...: tup
of the vise and measurin2 rhc vcnical dislancc rrom the ~tr!k.in£
cd!!c to the hottom of t!1c level (top of \·isc) and suhtr:lctin~ ~ X2.22 The darnpfog. faces of Lhe vise should be par
2~~0 mm (0.9 in.). The vertical falling di5 wncc mcty be ~idjustcd
hy Yarying 1he posilinn uf th~ pendulum la!dl.
X2.17 Notch a standard specim~n on vm: sick:. paralki 1\.1
the molding pressure, al 3:! mm {1-25 in.) i'n.1m •H1C t'nd. T!K'
depth of lhe plastic material remaining in the specimen under
the nolch shall be 10.16 ± 0.05 mm (0-400 ± tUlU2 in.). U:.c is;
a jig lo position the specitni;!Il ct1neclly in th~ vist".. \Vht·n lh~ --::... X2.23 The top cd,g.es o.f the fix.cd and moveable jaw'
spceimc11 is clamped in place, the ccmcr or the notch shnuld tll.~
within 0.12 mm iD.005 in.) of being in line with ihc lOfl (if the
fixed surface or th;;: vise. and the specimen s.houlcl be. ~entered
midway within 0.40 mm (0Jl!6 in.) hctwccn the ~ide::. •)I" the
clamping. faces. The Ill)tched face should ht• the ~ttiking (a...:e of
the !-pecimt'n for tht.• Izo<l test. Under no circumstance~ during
the breaking of lhe specimen should 1hc mp of the. specimen
tnuch the pendulum except ~u th~ striking ctlge.
X:?J8 If a clamping-type locating jig is used, cxarnim: the
clamping screw in rhe lo~ating. jig. rr lhc lhrcad hJs j 1~1~}:-;t: ill
the specimen may not be co1Tcctly positioned and may tt:11d lo
creep as the screw is tightcnCJ_ A burri.:d ,ir h-:nt poim on !h~
screw may also have the same clfoc1.
X2.19 !fa pointer and dial mechanism is usi.!d 10 indi,:at~
pointer will just mainlain it5. position anywhere tH1 the scah:.
The striking pin nf the pointer should he st·curc.ly fastcm:d to
the pointer. 1-ri..:tion washers with glazed surfaces sh,1tdd be.
replaced with n<.·~v wash~r:i. Fric1iun W<:L'ihcrs should !:it' ~in
either side or Lhe puimcr collar. A heavy metal wash.:r :-:.h•Juld
•. 0256 - 10
\} ~-14
have no detectable radial play (less than 0.05 mm (O.rn
An en<lplay of0.25 mm 10.iHO in.) is permissible when;
(2.2-lhl) axial lon.:c b applkd in ahcrnale din.:clilms.
14-
~h~ horit.Ol~fal and \·..=rii~al direclions within OJ:~.5- ..;11:1'.
Hl..J. Inscrung the machm~d sq~arc metal har Ol X.:. . .: t
vise in a vertical po~ition and clamping until r..'1~ j<!\\'S. h
hind mjy chl!ck parallelism. Any freedom bctwi::.:n th'
har and the clamping· surfaCes of rhc..jaws of 1he vise m
exceed the speci(ic<l wlerancc. t;,.~L
vi:-.c slrn.11 have a radius oro.25 :::'.: 0.12 mm (O.UlO ::'.: 0.0
Depending up0n whether Test Method.'\., C, D, or Eis
stress concentration m~1y tie pro<luce.d as the specimen
Co1~::\cqncntly. th~ top ;;dg~ of thc~xcd and movcaf
111.:·;.;J~ l<J b~ cardully cxammi.:d. ,"'!.
X2.24 If a hriHlc unfilled or granular-filled pi3stic .h:
a5. '1 general-purpust v.:t10d-ftuur-tilled phcnoli~ mah
available. notch and hreak :i Ser of bars in accordanc
these test meth1.ids. Examine the surface of lhe break l
har in the vise. lf Lhe hreak is flat and sm11oth acro:-.s 1
surface of the vise. the cunditi1)tl of the im11.:hin.~ is ex(
Ct1nsi<lcrnhlc infunnalion'r~garding thi,; C011t1ilitJl1 or an
machine can he obtained by examining rile broken sect
specimens. No weights shou!d he. added to £he pcndul
th~ preceding tcsL'i.
X2.25 The machine ~hould nor be ust·d IO lndlcah
than 85 Ck.· of the energy .capacity or the pendulum.
wcighl added t1..1 the pcmlulum wili increase available cn1
the machine. Thi~ weight must he added so as to maim
center of percussion within the tokrance. stared in 6A_ (

C-$~
y,
X2.6 Check the lrnnsvcrsc location· ot' the c~nter of the %
~-~ pendulum slriking edge th:n shall he \Vithin liAO mm {0.fJl6 ~ X2.1J Insert the J:i3r of X2.:5 into thtj ;rise ~m.d. damp i1
hack the lasl fricti1111 washer installed. Pres~urc on this m..:tal
washer is produced hy a lhin-hcnl, spring washer and h.:ii..-knms.
effective weight for any range can ~ calculated as ·i'oll
W=E:Jft
in.) of th!.! t·.-:mer of 1he vis~- !{~adjust Lht" :-;haft b~arings or tightly in a verti.::al p'-.1sition. When !he striking :!dg.e is l1ck! in Ir th~ spring washer is place<l nc.x1 to the. fiber frittion \-1.·asht-r
relocate the- vise. or straighten the pendulum shaft as necessary • contact with the har. the energy reading must be w_ithin 0.2 ',~ the poimcr will t~nd 10 vibraLC- during impa~i.
to aua.in tilt: proper relationship hct\vt·cn 1h-: two t··emcrs. of full scale. ' r
~ -7
n
--c:> X2-20 The free-swing reading of the pendulum (wi1h11ut
where:
W = effective. pendulum wei2ht. N llbO (sec X2. I 4 J
X~.7 Check the pendulum arm fur ~lrmghmcs:; within 1.2 ~ X2.14 -Swing the pendulum lO a horizomal position and _.. 0 . specimen) from the latch~d height should he less than 2.5 q, of £ 1.• = potential ~)r :;tvailabh:: cn;;rgy uf th~ machine . .I (J
mm f!.1-05 in.) with a slrnightedgc or hy ~ighting. down the
and
support it by the striking. edge. in lhis position with a vcnical t?, W3 pendulum capacity on the first swing. If.the reading i~ higher
Ir = vcrlical distance of fall of the pendulum striking
shaft. f\Umving thc p-,.:"ndulum to ~bm a~itinst the cat...:h har. Allow the othci end of this bar to rest at tht! ccntt:r or a lo3J than this, then the friction in the· in<lic:.i.lin2 medrnnbm is
:-.umctimcs bend:'.i the -~mn csp;;:(,_·ially wh~n high-capacity pan on ;:1 halanccd s..:::al~. Subtract rhe weight ofllK~ har fn.:m th;.;-. excessive or the bear:ings are dirty. To clean ~1€.' b'~arings. dip m \ft) l5Ct.' X2.l6).

them in grease soivent and spin-dry in :cm air Je.L Clean the Each +-5 N (l ·lhl) of added elkclivt: w~ight increa;
weights are on the penduium. · total weigh! to find lhe cffeclivt! weight of the pendulum. The
effective pendulum weigh[ should he wichit1 (1.4 ..,,, of the hearings until they spin freely, or replace them. Oil very !igh capacity of the mat.:hin~ by 2.7 .I (1. ft-lb!).
X'.2.8 Insert v~rtically and c~m1.:r with a loc&ling jig an<l required Weight for that pendulum Capacity. If \veighl must X with instrument oil hefon..: replacing. A reproducihle mcthnJ NuTE X2.l-If 1.hc pendulum is designed r"or use with add-on w
damp in the. vise a notched ~achined metal bar 12.7-mm added or rcmon.:d, take 1.:arc to h3lancc the a<ld...:d or rcmoycd'-1- siariing the pcnduium from the proper height must be J;.:-yisi..~d. is rc..:ommend:ed thal it be obtained cl1rough the cqnipmelll man~!
10-51)0-in.) squar~, having opposite sides parallel \~"ilhin 0Jl25 wdght with1.iuraffecti11g the center uf pi;:rcus:ii~in relativt.: tli tht:.
mm (OJJOl in.Janda length of 60 mm (2.4 in.)_ Check the bar !·miking cdg~. lt is not advisable lO add weight to thi; opposile
'-S@ 1
--!)to. ror vertical ali2mncm_ within tan-· OJJ05 in bo1h directions
with a small m;chinist' s level. Shim up th~ vis~. if necessary.
side of the hearin2 axis from the strik.in2. ed2e to Je.crc1.1se the
Cffcctivc wci~hl of_ihc pendulum ~incc Ll;c di;tributcti mass ;;;in.
[0 correct.for errors in the plane of pendulum swing. using care lead t1..) large cncrgy lossi;s fr'-.}ffi vihration of th!.! pendulum.
to preserve !'olid support for the vis.c. l-oi '-~rrors in the plane f9
pi..:"rpcndicular w the plane of pendulum S\ving. machine the ~ X2.l5 Cakulatc th.: cffcclivc_lcngth of the pendulum, <Jrm,
~~si~e fact' of ~~e ~lamp-type locating jig .l.·\ll'.COrrect align~ent 9r ~t! c.JiS{afl(.'C !O _th~ <:e~t.:f _of ~!.!fC."USSit)~ fi·?m lht.• ~L'Xi~ Of " ~
it this type-of Jlg is used. If a bladc.-type .11g 1s used, use shims rotanon, hy the procedure m Note 9. The ehectJYc knglh mus! ~~
or grind the.· base of the vi:;e. m hrin~ ·!ht: top .surfa<.·e level. he within the. wk.ranee stated in 6.6.

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 '~~ 0256-10 '~I' 0256 -10

X3. DERIVATION OF PENDULUM IMPACT CORRECTION EQUATIONS X4. UNIT CONVERSIONS

X4.l Joules per metre f.f/m) carn;mt be .:.::onvcrtcd directly

/?;
X4.2.1 Example 1:
into kJ/m1 . Note that the op[it1nai uni[~ tii"k.flnr'(t"t-lht7in. 1 ) may l n-ib1!39.37 in. = 1.356Jim
also he required; therefore. the cross-sectional area under the 1 fi·ibliin. = {39.37}(1.356) Jim
1 it·ibffln. =53.4 Jim
notch must be reported. 1 U·!Df!;n. = 0.0534 k.Jim

l'---.: ---':--L
X·1.2.2 Example 2:
X4.2 The follm:ving cxa111plcs are appwxhnations.:
1 r:-tb1t1550in. 2 = 1.356Jim2
.ii--· 1 ft·!bl/in. 2 = {1550)(1.356) Jim2
1 f:-ibfiln" =2101 Jfm 2
1 !t-lbVin. 2 =2.~ kJ/m 2
Q---,B fiMAX
~ FIG. X3.2 Total Energy Correction for Pendulum Windage and
----L-- Dial Friction as a Function of Pendulum Position
n SUMMARY OF CHANGES
FIG. X3.1 Swing of Pendulum from Its Rest Position
X3. l0 The energy com;cti~in. EA. tin thi..: first ~\ving of the Cornmiuee 020 has identified the location c•f selected changes lo this sta.1dard since the las! is:-.uc.
X3.1 From righ\ tri:mgk· dis.ranees in hg. X3.. ! : pendulum occurs at the maximum pendulum angle. 0mas· D256 - 06ar. 1, th~H may impact the use of this standard. (May !. 21)10)
L - h = E.i.:usf3 (X~.l) Suhslituting in Eq X3.8 gives the-. following.:
E_, = m~,;,,., - (E1/2_1 (X3.11) U) Revised Nmt· 6 and N~11c i 6. (2) Revised Se.ctim~ 9.
X3.2 13ut the poH;nfoit cncr~y gain of pendulum E1,is:
C,. -o f1H·~~i: 1X3.2) X3. l l Combining Eq X3.8 and Eq X3. I l give$ the folk\w- ASTM lr.temali:;naf takes no p0$1ticn respse'J.7g U~e validity of any parent rfghis asserteti in connec!ion wit.tr any item mentioned
ing: in t!iis srandsrG. Users of rh:s standard are expressly advised ttwr determinatidn of the validity of any such patent rigl1ts, ar:.d ti;.? risk
X3.3 Combining Eq X3. l aod Eq ?'3.2 g!vcs the following: of inin"ngemunt of such rights, a:e entirely their awn respanstbt1it'f.
£~{: = i_l~, - (l:,/2))(fi'f3;.1 ::..~i -:- (Ci/2) <X3.12)
L - E.)W{,g = ,l C\1S f3 \X33)
This standard is s11bject to revision a! any time by me respr;nsib!e tedmical committee and must be reviewed eve.'Y five yee1s end
X3.4 The maximum -=n;.:-rgy of the pcndul.um is the potential X3.l~ rVomt!nciawre: if ,70/ revised, e1/!:er reapproved or witl?drzwa. Yourcc:mmer.ts are invitad eillier for ravisicn of this standard or fur aCdftionsl slanda:ds
and should be addrGssed to ASTM fntemEtionsi Headqua:te:s. Yc-ur comments wili receive c:E.reful consideration at a meeting of :he
e.n('rgy at ·the start nf the test. E,-1;r, or r.:;sponsitle te:;hnica! committee. which you may .;tt.:;nd. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you sf:outd
ma.ke your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards. at the address shown below.
Eu - h.l{H,~.\.! tX'.t4) b intercept (Jf total correction energy straight line,
EA eni:rgy correction. including b;,,Jlh pt:ndulum wind-
X3.5 Th..:: potential cn..::r¥y gained by Lfic pendulum. EP, is This standard is ccpy1ightad by ASTM fnlemscicnai, too Ban- Hari:Jor Olive. PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1!!<!28·2959.
agc plus dial friction. J. United States. Individual reprir.ts fsin9/e or mu!tip!e copies} of mis standard may be obtained by contac/ir1g ASTM at the a.bot•e
rdalcd to the ab:-.orption of energy of a sp'-'cirn..·n, £~, hy the energy corrcctfon for pendulum windagc only. J.
Eu address or ar 61Q·B32-9585 (pho!?e}, 610--832·9555 {fax), or setvice@astm.org (e-mail}; or through the ASTM website
following equation: Eu maximum energy ol the pendlilum (at the sla.rl of {www.astm.org}. Permission n'ghts to phoiocopy lhe sfaf!dard may also be secured from me ASTM website (w.w;r.aslm.org-'
COPYRIGHT/)
/:,11 - /:.~,. = 1~~, !X3.5} test). J,
"E/I potential energy gain l1f pendulum from the pendu-
X3.6 Comhining EL1 :c; __,*X:L"i gives the following: lum rest position . .I.
iL,a - £:.~Vl.'-< = IJh.\~ (I - co::. i3) !X3.6) E, unconccted breaking cmfr,g.v. of specimen, J,
E-rc total energy correction for a given brc.ak.ing c-ncrgy,
X3.7 Solving E4 X3.6 for 13 gives the following:
~ =- ~·o"'
1
· li - (!11H/li(l - £/~If)]} !X3.7) g ;~~~icrmion of ~rnvitv. 1n/s2•
h distanc~ ccnlt:r :1r gr~vily or pendulum rist:-s vcrli-
X3.8 Frum hg. XJ.2, lh<.! low! energy correction Ere is cally from the rest position of the.pendulum, m,
given as: 11,1,{ maximum height of the cc-mer of gravity· of the
Ere= mp+ f; 1X3.8) pendulum. m.
m slope of total correction c.:nergy straight line,
XJ. 9 But at the zero point of the pendulum potential L dist3nce from fokrum to ccmer ("if gravity of pen-
energy: dulum. m,
WP weight of pendulum. as determined in X2.14, kg,
E1/2....,. m!Q)+ /] tX3.9)
and
or: f3 angle of pendulum position from the pendulum rest
fl =EEfl (X3.lU} position.

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