MODULE 1 – Lesson 1 1.

3 Basic Principle of Indefinite Integral

INDEFINITE INTEGRAL AND THE GENERAL POWER RULE
1.1 Antidifferentiation
We have shown the different methods for finding the
derivatives of algebraic functions. Now, we will turn our attention
to reversing the operation of differentiation. This process is called
antidifferentiation.
Our first properties of antiderivatives follow directly from
the simple constant factor, sum, and difference rules for
derivatives.
Theorem Suppose that F(x) and G(x) are antiderivatives of f(x)
and g(x), respectively, and that c is a constant. Then:
(a) If ( ) is equal to a constant; that is,

∫ ∫
Definition: A function F is called an antiderivative of a function
on a given open interval if ( ) ( ) for all x in the interval. (b) A constant factor can be moved through an integral sign; that is,

For example, the function ( ) , its antiderivative is ( )

∫ ∫ ( ) ( )
( ) . Observe that
( ) ( ) ( )
(c) An antiderivative of a sum is the sum of the antiderivatives; that
is,
Consequently, are also antiderivatives of
∫( ( ) ( )) ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) . In fact,
( )
where C is any constant, is an antiderivative of ( ) ; this is (d) An antiderivative of a difference is the difference of the
true because the derivative of a constant is zero. Hence, ( ) antiderivatives; that is,
is the most general antiderivative of ( ) . It is also
called the Indefinite Integral of ( ) ∫( ( ) ( )) ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) ( ) ( )

1.2 The Indefinite Integral

Let ( ) be an antiderivative of ( ). Then ( ) is (e) If n is any number other than , then
called the indefinite integral of ( ), denoted by:
∫ ( ) ( ) ∫
This process of evaluating ∫ ( ) , that is, finding ( ) is
called integration 1.4 General Power Rule
If ( ) and ( ) exist, then
where: [ ( )]
∫[ ( )] ( )
( ) – is called the integrand of the integral
or by substitution, we get
∫
– constant of integration
( ) – refer to the ( ) is to be integrated with respect to variable ∫
Excercises:

∫( )

∫( )

∫ ( )

∫ ( )

∫( ) ( )

( √ )
∫
√

∫
( )

∫ ( √ )

∫( )( )