Articles of Confederation: Analyzing The Features of The

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8 Lesson 2-4 9

ANALYZING THE
This Was Included In Possible Problems with
FEATURES OF THE
rticles of Confederation This Feature ARTICLES OF
Lack of leadership from
the central (federal)
CONFEDERATION
LEARNING TARGET:
government. No single  I can identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of
leader for the government. Confederation.

CLASS NOTES
ted to protect individual Brief Overview
states’ power. 1. The new State Governments
a. All the had a “republican” form of government.
ar of a strong central b. In a republic, the people choose representatives to govern them.
ederal) government. 2. The new National Government
a. The Continental Congress agreed in 1776 that the government of
the United States should also be a republic.
b. The national government would be run by a Confederation
States often chose not to Congress.
pay taxes, and the federal c. Each state had only one vote in the Congress.
(central) government d. The national government would have limited powers.
e. The Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation in
didn’t have the funds to 1777 BUT the Articles did not become the official government of
operate effectively. the United States until 1781 when Maryland was the last state to
ratified (approved) it.
r of a central (federal)
nment with a strong army Strengths Weaknesses
might take away citizens’
rights.
8 9
Lesson 2-4

Analyzing the Features of the


Articles of Confederation
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

R
9
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What did the first government of the United States
look like?

LEARNING TARGETS
 I can identify 6 of 8 features of the Articles of
Confederation.
 I can describe 3 strengths and weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation.
VOCAB Add to Section 2: Vocabulary (5-9)
 republic  “Columbia”
 federal government  “Uncle Sam”
 Articles of Confederation
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

R Governing theNUnited
9
CLASS OTESStates
the firstA Briefplan
written Overview
of government for
the United States;
1. The new STATE A
Governments
RTICLES OF
a. The stateAgovernments
firm “leaguewould
of friendship”
control (have sovereignty
over) their CONFEDERATION
between
own the original thirteen states
states.
b. The states would have a lot of power to make laws.
2. The new NATIONAL Government
a. The Continental Congress agreed in 1776 that the
government of the United States should be a republic.
b. The Confederation
the national Congress
or central (new national legislature)
government
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
would make laws for the entire country.
c. Each state had only one
a government vote inpeople
in which the Congress.
elect
d. The national government
REPUBLIC
representatives would for
to govern have limited powers.
them
e. The new government of the United States was called the
Articles of Confederation.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

Governing the United States


Discovery Activity
We will now discover several of the key features
of the Articles of Confederation.
You (and a partner) will be analyzing 8 features of our
first government, the Articles of Confederation.
To do that, you will view various placards around the
room with written information and images.
You will:
identify the feature
and infer the reason why OR the possible problem
created by that feature.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

L Governing the United States


8 Discovery Activity
You will record
Placar
d
Feature
your the
analyses on the following chart.
Why This Was Included In Possible Problems with
Articles of Confederation This Feature
Lack of leadership from
the central (federal)
A government. No single
leader for the government.

Wanted to protect individual


states’ power.
B Fear of a strong central
(federal) government.

States often chose not to


pay taxes, and the federal
C (central) government
didn’t have the funds to
operate effectively.
Fear of a central (federal)
government with a strong army
D that might take away citizens’

Let’s complete Placard A together.


rights.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation A

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that the government


had no chief executive, such as a president or king. As a result, the
government under the Articles suffered from a lack of leadership since
there was no single leader.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation A

What Why, then, do


experiences you think this
from 1763 to feature was
1776 would included in the
have made Articles of
Americans Confederation?
fearful of a
king or
president?

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that the government


had no chief executive or ruler, such as a president or king. As a
result, the government under the Articles suffered from a lack of
leadership since there was no single leader.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No Chief Executive or Did not want to have Lack of leadership
Ruler another powerful executive from the central
A (no leader of the or ruler like King George (federal) government.
government like a king III who could rule No single leader for
or president). abusively. the government.
Wanted to protect
individual states’ power.
B Fear of a strong central
(federal) government.

States often chose not


to pay taxes, and the
C federal (central)
government didn’t
have the funds to
Fear of a central (federal) operate effectively.
government with a strong
D army that might take away
citizens’ rights.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No Chief Executive or Did not want to have Lack of leadership
Ruler another powerful executive from the central
A (no leader of the like King George III. (federal) government.
government like a king No single leader for
or president). the government.
Laws needed approval Wanted to protect Difficult to get nine
by nine of the thirteen individual states’ power. states to agree on a
B states instead of a Fear of a strong central
A new federal
new law.
simple majority of 7. (federal) government.
law… Central government
YES? NO? unable to do very
much.
States often chose not
to pay taxes, and the
C federal (central)
government didn’t
have the funds to
Fear of a central (federal) operate effectively.
government with a strong
D army that might take away
citizens’ rights.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No Chief Executive or Did not want to have Lack of leadership
Ruler another powerful executive from the central
A (no leader of the like King George III. (federal) government.
government like a king No single leader for
or president). the government.
Laws needed approval Wanted to protect Difficult to get nine
by nine of the thirteen individual states’ power. states to agree on a
B states instead of a Fear of a strong central new law.
simple majority of 7. (federal) government. Central government
unable to do very
Congress did not have Fear of being unfairly much.
States often chose not
the power to tax taxed by the central to pay taxes, and the
C citizens. It could only government, as they had federal (central)
request tax money been under British rule. government didn’t
fromastates.
historical
and poetic name used for have the funds to
athe United
common national
Fear ofofapersonification
States central (federal) of operate effectively.
America;
D
the UC
alsoAmerican government
as one ofNCLE
the names
government
OLUMBIA S AM
withofaits female
strong
army that might take away
personification citizens’ rights.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No Chief Executive or Did not want to have Lack of leadership
Ruler another powerful executive from the central
A (no leader of the like King George III. (federal) government.
government like a king No single leader for
or president). the government.
Laws needed approval Wanted to protect Difficult to get nine
by nine of the thirteen individual states’ power. states to agree on a
B states instead of a Fear of a strong central new law.
simple majority of 7. (federal) government. Central government
unable to do very
Congress did not have Fear of being unfairly much.
States often chose not
the power to tax taxed by the central to pay taxes, and the
C citizens. It could only government, as they had federal (central)
request tax money been under British rule. government didn’t
from states. have the funds to
Congress did not have Fear of a central (federal) operate effectively.
Left country
the power to draft an government with a strong vulnerable without a
D army. It could only army that might take away dependable military
request states to send citizens’ rights. force.
men for military
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No national court Fear of a central (federal) Disputes between
system. government with a court states often could not
National Courts
E system that might be unfair be settled fairly.
to the rights of states.

Nearly impossible to
make changes to
F Articles. Any one state
could stop an
amendment that all
Fear of a strong central the other states
(federal) government that wanted.
G could force states to pay for
things they didn’t want.

Disputes among states


often could not be
H resolved. Created
disunity among states.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No national court Fear of a central (federal) Disputes between
system. government with a court states often could not
E system that might be unfair be settled fairly.
to the rights of states.

Any amendments Wanted to make sure the Nearly impossible to


(changes) to the states had a strong say in make changes to
F Articles must be the shapingChange
of the the Articles. Any one state
federal
approved by all 13 government. could stop an
government…
states. YES? NO? amendment that all
Fear of a strong central the other states
(federal) government that wanted.
G could force states to pay for
things they didn’t want.

Disputes among states


often could not be
H resolved. Created
disunity among states.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No national court Fear of a central (federal) Disputes between
system. government with a court states often could not
E system that might be unfair be settled fairly.
to the rights of states.

Any amendments Wanted to make sure the Nearly impossible to


(changes) to the states had a strong say in make changes to
F Articles must be the shaping of the Articles. Any one state
approved by all 13 government. could stop an
states. amendment that all
Congress did not have Fear of a strong central the other
Federal states
government
the power to collect (federal) government that wanted.
often didn’t have the
G state debts owed to the could force states to pay for funds necessary to
federal (central) things they didn’t want. operate effectively.
government.
Disputes among states
often could not be
H resolved. Created
disunity among states.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No national court Fear of a central (federal) Disputes between
system. government with a court states often could not
E system that might be unfair be settled fairly.
to the rights of states.

Any amendments Wanted to make sure the Nearly impossible to


(changes) to the states had a strong say in make changes to
F Articles must be the shaping of the Articles. Any one state
approved by all 13 government. could stop an
states. amendment that all
Congress did not have Fear of a strong central the other
Federal states
government
the power to collect (federal) government that wanted.
often didn’t have the
G state debts owed to the could force states to pay for funds necessary to
federal (central) things they didn’t want. operate effectively.
government.
Congress did not have Wanted states to have the Disputes among states
the power to settle ultimate authority in often could not be
H disputes among states. resolving disputes. resolved. Created
disunity among states.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

R Strengths and Weaknesses of the


9
C LASS N OTES
Articles of Confederation
Complete a T-Chart on the strengths and weaknesses of
the Articles of Confederation.
Strengths Weaknesses
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

Strengths and Weaknesses of the


Articles of Confederation
Strengths Weaknesses
 make war and peace  lacked power to enforce the
 could raise an army and a laws
navy  could not regulate trade or
 print money settle fights over trade
 set up a postal system between the states
 could ask for money from  could not settle fights over
the states to carry out its the state’s boundaries
decisions  could not tax the states
 passed the Northwest  BOTTOM LINE
Ordinance (land law)  NO POWER to carry out
that established an orderly or pay for their decisions
way to distribute new land
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

PROCESSING the Acrostic for the Articles of Confederation


Directions:

Lesson
Use Lesson 2-4 to create a sentence that explains WHY that feature created
Problems for our early leaders.
Each sentence MUST begin with one of the letters from the word Articles.
For the feature “No chief executive”, for example, you might write: “Strong

Creating an Acrostic leadership was not provided because there was no president.”

A ________________________________________
Use this lesson to create a sentence ________________________________________

that identifies each feature AND R ________________________________________


explains the problem it created ________________________________________

for our early leaders. T ________________________________________


________________________________________

Each sentence MUST begin with I ________________________________________


________________________________________
one of the letters from the word
ARTICLES. C ________________________________________
________________________________________

Let’s complete one feature together L ________________________________________


________________________________________
as an example.
E ________________________________________
________________________________________
Do NOT use “A,” “The,” or “It” as S ________________________________________
your first word. ________________________________________
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

LESSON HANDOUTS
are on the Following Slides
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
Lack of leadership
from the central
A (federal) government.
No single leader for
the government.
Wanted to protect
individual states’ power.
B Fear of a strong central
(federal) government.

States often chose not


to pay taxes, and the
C federal (central)
government didn’t
have the funds to
Fear of a central (federal) operate effectively.
government with a strong
D army that might take away
citizens’ rights.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
Fear of a central (federal)
government with a court
E system that might be unfair
to the rights of states.

Nearly impossible to
make changes to
F Articles. Any one state
could stop an
amendment that all
Fear of a strong central the other states
(federal) government that wanted.
G could force states to pay for
things they didn’t want.

Disputes among states


often could not be
H resolved. Created
disunity among states.
Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
FEATURE ANSWERS Match two statements AND one picture
with each feature. By writing the
No Chief Executive.
numbers in the “ANSWERS” column.
1. Wanted states to have the ultimate authority
in resolving disputes.
2. Did not want to have another powerful
Laws needed approval by executive like King George III.
nine of the thirteen states. 3. Disputes among states often could not be
resolved. Created disunity among states.
4. Lack of leadership from the central
Congress did not have the (federal) government. No single leader for
power to tax citizens. It the government.
could only request tax 5. Wanted to protect individual states’ power.
money from states. Fear of a strong central (federal)
government.
Congress did not have the 6. Fear of being unfairly taxed by the central
power to draft an army. It government, as they had been under British
could only request states to rule.
send men for military 7. Disputes between states often could not be
services. settled fairly.
No national court system. 8. States often chose not to pay taxes, and the
federal (central) government didn’t have the
funds to operate effectively.
9. Wanted to make sure the states had a strong
say in the shaping of the government.
Any amendments (changes)
10. Difficult to get nine states to agree on a new
to the Articles must be
law. Central government unable to do very
approved by all 13 states.
much.
11. Fear of a central (federal) government with
Congress did not have the a strong army that might take away citizens’
power to collect state debts rights.
owed to the federal 12. Federal government often didn’t have the
(central) government. funds necessary to operate effectively.
13. Left country vulnerable without a
Congress did not have the dependable military force.
power to settle disputes 14. Fear of a central (federal) government with
among states. a court system that might be unfair to the
rights of states.
15. Nearly
20 impossible to make changes to
23
17 19 Articles. Any one state could stop an
amendment that all the other states wanted.
16. Fear of a strong central (federal)
18 22 government that could force states to pay
21 for things they didn’t want.
24
Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
FEATURE ANSWERS Match two statements AND one picture
with each feature. By writing the
No Chief Executive.
numbers in the “ANSWERS” column.
1. Wanted states to have the ultimate authority
in resolving disputes.
2. Did not want to have another powerful
Laws needed approval by executive like King George III.
nine of the thirteen states. 3. Disputes among states often could not be
resolved. Created disunity among states.
4. Lack of leadership from the central
Congress did not have the (federal) government. No single leader for
power to tax citizens. It the government.
could only request tax 5. Wanted to protect individual states’ power.
money from states. Fear of a strong central (federal)
government.
Congress did not have the 6. Fear of being unfairly taxed by the central
power to draft an army. It government, as they had been under British
could only request states to rule.
send men for military 7. Disputes between states often could not be
services. settled fairly.
No national court system. 8. States often chose not to pay taxes, and the
federal (central) government didn’t have the
funds to operate effectively.
9. Wanted to make sure the states had a strong
say in the shaping of the government.
Any amendments (changes)
10. Difficult to get nine states to agree on a new
to the Articles must be
law. Central government unable to do very
approved by all 13 states.
much.
11. Fear of a central (federal) government with
Congress did not have the a strong army that might take away citizens’
power to collect state debts rights.
owed to the federal 12. Federal government often didn’t have the
(central) government. funds necessary to operate effectively.
13. Left country vulnerable without a
Congress did not have the dependable military force.
power to settle disputes 14. Fear of a central (federal) government with
among states. a court system that might be unfair to the
rights of states.
15. Nearly
20 impossible to make changes to
23
17 19 Articles. Any one state could stop an
amendment that all the other states wanted.
16. Fear of a strong central (federal)
18 22 government that could force states to pay
21 for things they didn’t want.
24
Name: _____________________________
Period 1 2 4 5 6
Acrostic for the Articles of Confederation
Directions:
Use Lesson 4 to create a sentence that explains WHY that feature created problems
For our early leaders.
Each sentence MUST begin with one of the letters from the word Articles.
For the feature “No chief executive”, for example, you might write: “Strong
leadership
was not provided because there was no president.”
A __________________________________
__________________________________
R __________________________________
__________________________________
T __________________________________
__________________________________
I __________________________________
__________________________________
C __________________________________
__________________________________
L __________________________________
__________________________________
E __________________________________
__________________________________
S __________________________________
__________________________________
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation A

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that the government had no chief
executive, such as a president or king. As a result, the government under the
Articles suffered from a lack of leadership since there was no single leader.

 What experiences from 1763 to 1776 would have made Americans fearful of a
president or a king?

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation B

A new federal
law…
YES? NO?

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that new laws needed to be
approved by nine of the thirteen states. This was included in the Articles because
the delegates to the Continental Congress wanted to protect the rights of states and
did not want the central (federal) government to become too powerful. With this
feature, new laws would have to be agreeable to nine of the states instead of a
simple majority of seven.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation C

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to tax its citizens directly; instead, it could only request money from the
states. This created financial problems because states often did not pay what was
requested of them by the federal (central) government.

 What experiences from 1763 to 1776 would have made Americans reluctant to
allow Congress to tax citizens directly?

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation D

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to draft men into the Continental Army; instead, it could only request states
to send men into military service. The delegates to the Continental Congress were
fearful that a federal (central) government with a powerful army might take away
the rights of citizens, as the British army had done to them.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation E

National Courts

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that there was no national court
system. Instead, each state had its own court system. Disputes between states had
to be settled in one of the states’ courts. The delegates to the Continental Congress
provided for no national court system because they believed that a national court
may be unfair to the rights of states.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation E

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that there was no national court
system. Instead, each state had its own court system. Disputes between states had
to be settled in one of the states’ courts. The delegates to the Continental Congress
provided for no national court system because they believed that a national court
may be unfair to the rights of states.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation F

Change the
federal
government…
YES? NO?

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that any amendments, or changes,
to the Articles required the approval of all 13 states. This made changes to the
Articles nearly impossible – any single state could prevent a change that the rest of
the nation wanted.

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation G

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to collect state debts (money owed) to the federal (central) government. The
delegates to the Continental Congress wanted to ensure that the federal government
could not force states to pay for things that the states did not want.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation H

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to settle disputes among states. The Articles guaranteed that each state would
keep its individual power, freedom, and independence. As a result, Congress did not
have the power to help states work out conflicts among them, and states became
increasingly disunited.

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Governing the United States
Brief Overview

1. The new State Governments


a. All the states had a “republican” form of government.
b. In a republic, the people choose representatives to govern them.
2. The new National Government
a. The Continental Congress agreed in 1776 that the government of the United States should also be a republic.
b. The federal government would be run by a Confederation Congress.
c. Each state had only one vote in the Congress.
d. The national government would have limited powers.
e. The Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation in 1777 BUT the Articles did not become the
official government of the United States until 1781 when Maryland was the last state to ratified (approved) it.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation


Strengths Weaknesses
 make war and peace  lacked power to enforce the laws
 could raise an army and a navy  could not regulate trade or settle fights over
 print money trade between the states
 set up a postal system  could not settle fights over the state’s boundaries
 could ask for money from the states to  could not tax the states
carry out its decisions  BOTTOM LINE
 passed the Northwest Ordinance (land  NO POWER to carry out or pay for their
law) decisions
that established an orderly way to distribute
new land
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No Chief Executive. Did not want to have Lack of leadership
another powerful executive from the central
A like King George III. (federal) government.
No single leader for
the government.
Laws needed approval Wanted to protect Difficult to get nine
by nine of the thirteen individual states’ power. states to agree on a
B states. Fear of a strong central new law.
(federal) government. Central government
unable to do very
Congress did not have Fear of being unfairly much.
States often chose not
the power to tax taxed by the central to pay taxes, and the
C citizens. It could only government, as they had federal (central)
request tax money been under British rule. government didn’t
from states. have the funds to
Congress did not have Fear of a central (federal) operate effectively.
Left country
the power to draft an government with a strong vulnerable without a
D army. It could only army that might take away dependable military
request states to send citizens’ rights. force.
men for military
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No national court Fear of a central (federal) Disputes between
system. government with a court states often could not
E system that might be unfair be settled fairly.
to the rights of states.

Any amendments Wanted to make sure the Nearly impossible to


(changes) to the states had a strong say in make changes to
F Articles must be the shaping of the Articles. Any one state
approved by all 13 government. could stop an
states. amendment that all
Congress did not have Fear of a strong central the other
Federal states
government
the power to collect (federal) government that wanted.
often didn’t have the
G state debts owed to the could force states to pay for funds necessary to
federal (central) things they didn’t want. operate effectively.
government.
Congress did not have Wanted states to have the Disputes among states
the power to settle ultimate authority in often could not be
H disputes among states. resolving disputes. resolved. Created
disunity among states.
Lesson 2-4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

R Governing the United States


9 Brief Overview
2. The new National Government
a. The Continental Congress agreed in 1776 that the
government of the United States should be a republic.
b. The Confederation
the national orCongress
central (new national legislature)
government
FEDERAL
as contrasted
would make
GOVERNMENT
to the
laws for the governments
entire country. of
thehad
c. Each state different states
only one vote in the Congress.
d. The national government
a government would
in which haveelect
people limited powers.
e. The new government
representatives ofgovern
REPUBLIC
to the United States was called the
for them
theoffirst
Articles written plan of government for
Confederation.
the United States;
ARTICLES OF
A firm “league of friendship”
We will now discover several of the key features
CONFEDERATION
between the original thirteen states
of the Articles of Confederation.
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No Chief Executive. Lack of leadership
from the central
A (federal) government.
No single leader for
the government.
Laws needed approval Wanted to protect
by nine of the thirteen individual states’ power.
B states. Fear of a strong central
(federal) government.

Congress did not have States often chose not


the power to tax to pay taxes, and the
C citizens. It could only federal (central)
request tax money government didn’t
from states. have the funds to
Congress did not have Fear of a central (federal) operate effectively.
the power to draft an government with a strong
D army. It could only army that might take away
request states to send citizens’ rights.
men for military
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No national court Fear of a central (federal)
system. government with a court
E system that might be unfair
to the rights of states.

Any amendments Nearly impossible to


(changes) to the make changes to
F Articles must be Articles. Any one state
approved by all 13 could stop an
states. amendment that all
Congress did not have Fear of a strong central the other states
the power to collect (federal) government that wanted.
G state debts owed to the could force states to pay for
federal (central) things they didn’t want.
government.
Congress did not have Disputes among states
the power to settle often could not be
H disputes among states. resolved. Created
disunity among states.
Feature Illustration Feature Illustration
No Chief No national
Executive. court system.

Laws needed Any


approval by amendments
nine of the (changes) to the
thirteen states. Articles must
be approved by
all 13 states.

Congress did Congress did


not have the not have the
power to tax power to collect
citizens. state debts
It could only owed to the
request tax federal
money from (central)
states. government.
Congress did Congress did
not have the not have the
power to draft power to settle
an army. disputes among
It could only states.
request states
to send men for
military
Placar Feature Illustration
d
No Chief Executive.

Laws needed approval by


nine of the thirteen states.
B

Congress did not have the


power to tax citizens.
C It could only request tax
money from states.

Congress did not have the


power to draft an army.
D It could only request
states to send men for
military services.
Placar Feature Illustration
d
No national court system.

Any amendments
(changes) to the Articles
F must be approved by all
13 states.

Congress did not have the


power to collect state
G debts owed to the federal
(central) government.

Congress did not have the


power to settle disputes
H among states.
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation

D
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation

H
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation A

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that the government had no chief
executive, such as a president or king. As a result, the government under the
Articles suffered from a lack of leadership since there was no single leader.

 What experiences from 1763 to 1776 would have made Americans fearful of a
president or a king?

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation A

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that the government had no chief
executive, such as a president or king. As a result, the government under the
Articles suffered from a lack of leadership since there was no single leader.

 What experiences from 1763 to 1776 would have made Americans fearful of a
president or a king?

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation B

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that new laws needed to be
approved by nine of the thirteen states. This was included in the Articles because
the delegates to the Continental Congress wanted to protect the rights of states and
did not want the central (federal) government to become too powerful. With this
feature, new laws would have to be agreeable to nine of the states instead of a
simple majority of seven.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation C

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to tax its citizens directly; instead, it could only request money from the
states. This created financial problems because states often did not pay what was
requested of them by the federal (central) government.

 What experiences from 1763 to 1776 would have made Americans reluctant to
allow Congress to tax citizens directly?

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation C

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to tax its citizens directly; instead, it could only request money from the
states. This created financial problems because states often did not pay what was
requested of them by the federal (central) government.

 What experiences from 1763 to 1776 would have made Americans reluctant to
allow Congress to tax citizens directly?

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation D

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to draft men into the Continental Army; instead, it could only request states
to send men into military service. The delegates to the Continental Congress were
fearful that a federal (central) government with a powerful army might take away
the rights of citizens, as the British army had done to them.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation D

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to draft men into the Continental Army; instead, it could only request states
to send men into military service. The delegates to the Continental Congress were
fearful that a federal (central) government with a powerful army might take away
the rights of citizens, as the British army had done to them.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation E

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that there was no national court
system. Instead, each state had its own court system. Disputes between states had
to be settled in one of the states’ courts. The delegates to the Continental Congress
provided for no national court system because they believed that a national court
may be unfair to the rights of states.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation F

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that any amendments, or changes,
to the Articles required the approval of all 13 states. This made changes to the
Articles nearly impossible – any single state could prevent a change that the rest of
the nation wanted.

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation G

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to collect state debts (money owed) to the federal (central) government. The
delegates to the Continental Congress wanted to ensure that the federal government
could not force states to pay for things that the states did not want.

 What possible problems do you think this feature might have created?
Analyzing the Features Placard
of the Articles of Confederation H

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress did not have the
power to settle disputes among states. The Articles guaranteed that each state would
keep its individual power, freedom, and independence. As a result, Congress did not
have the power to help states work out conflicts among them, and states became
increasingly disunited.

 Why, then, do you think this feature was included in the Articles of
Confederation?
Lesson 26: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

PROCESSING
the Lesson
A Political Cartoon
On a separate sheet of white (computer) paper,
create a political cartoon that
 identifies ONE weakness of the Articles of Confederation
 includes a caption explaining why that issue is a problem
 includes at least three colors
Lesson 26: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

VOCAB

a government of the people, by the


people
Today often refers to a government
DEMOCRACY
in which the supreme power lies in
a body of citizens who can elect
people to represent them.
Lesson 26: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

VOCAB

a system of government
where POWER
FEDERALISMIS SHARED among
the central (or federal) government
and the states
Lesson 26: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

VOCAB

the first written plan of government for


the United States;
A RTICLES OF
A firm “league of friendship”
CONFEDERATION
between the original thirteen states

A “confederation” is an association
of “states” who cooperate for a
common purpose
The “Common Market” is a
confederation of states (countries)
that cooperate for the common
purpose of trade in Europe
Lesson 26: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

L VISUALIZING the Lesson


12 Create a simple picture for each of the following features.
Feature Illustration Feature Illustration
No Chief No national
Executive. court system.

Laws needed Any


approval by nine amendments
of the thirteen (changes) to the
states. Articles must be
approved by all
13 states.
Congress did not Congress did not
have the power have the power
to tax citizens. to collect state
It could only debts owed to
request tax the federal
money from (central)
states. government.
Congress did not Congress did not
have the power to have the power
draft an army. to settle disputes
It could only among states.
request states to
send men for
military services.
Lesson 20: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation

PROCESSING the Acrostic for the Articles of Confederation


Directions:

Lesson
Use Lesson 20 to create a sentence that explains WHY that feature created
problems
For our early leaders.
Each sentence MUST begin with one of the letters from the word Articles.

Creating an Acrostic For the feature “No chief executive”, for example, you might write: “Strong
leadership was not provided because there was no president.”

Use this lesson to create a sentence


that identifies a feature AND A
____________________________________________
explains WHY that feature ____________________________________________
created problems for our early R
leaders. ____________________________________________

____________________________________________
Each sentence MUST begin with T
one of the letters from the word ____________________________________________

ARTICLES. ____________________________________________

I ____________________________________________
For the feature “No chief executive”,
____________________________________________
you might write:
C
“Strong leadership was not provided ____________________________________________

because there was no president.” ____________________________________________


Lesson 22: The Call for Change

L WRAP UP 3
Spell-Out
Use Lesson 26 to create a sentence that explains WHY
that feature created problems for our early leaders.

Each sentence MUST begin with one of the letters from


the word Articles.

For the feature “No chief executive”, for example,


you might write:
“Strong leadership was not provided because there was
no president.”
Spell-Out for the Articles of Confederation
Directions:
Use Lesson 26 to create a sentence that explains WHY that feature created problems
For our early leaders.
Each sentence MUST begin with one of the letters from the word Articles.
For the feature “No chief executive”, for example, you might write: “Strong
leadership
was not provided because there was no president.”

A __________________________________
__________________________________
R __________________________________
__________________________________
T __________________________________
__________________________________
I __________________________________
__________________________________
C __________________________________
__________________________________
L __________________________________
__________________________________
E __________________________________
__________________________________
S __________________________________
__________________________________
Placar Feature Illustration
d
No Chief Executive.

Laws needed approval by


B nine of the thirteen states.

Congress did not have the


C power to tax citizens. It
could only request tax
money from states.

Congress did not have the


D power to draft an army. It
could only request states to
send men for military
services.
Placar Feature Illustration
d
No national court system.

Any amendments (changes)


F to the Articles must be
approved by all 13 states.

Congress did not have the


G power to collect state debts
owed to the federal (central)
government.

Congress did not have the


H power to settle disputes
among states.
Lesson 4: Analyzing the Features of the Articles of Confederation
Placar Feature Why This Was Included In Possible Problems
d the Articles of with This Feature
Confederation
No Chief Executive. Did not want to have Lack of leadership
another powerful executive from the central
A like King George III. (federal) government.
No single leader for
the government.
Laws needed approval Wanted to protect Difficult to get nine
by nine of the thirteen individual states’ power. states to agree on a
B states. Fear of a strong central new law.
(federal) government. Central government
unable to do very
Congress did not have Fear of being unfairly much.
States often chose not
the power to tax taxed by the central to pay taxes, and the
C citizens. It could only government, as they had federal (central)
request tax money been under British rule. government didn’t
from states. have the funds to
Congress did not have Fear of a central (federal) operate effectively.
Left country
the power to draft an government with a strong vulnerable without a
D army. It could only army that might take away dependable military
request states to send citizens’ rights. force.
men for military

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