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Relative atomic mass

The present standard unit which was adopted internationally in

1961, is based on the mass of one carbon-12 atom.
Atomic mass unit (or amu)

The atomic mass unit (amu) is equal to mass of one

atom of carbon-12 isotope.
∴ 1 amu = mass of one C-12 atom
≈ mass of one nucleon in C-12 atom.
= 1.66 × 10-24 g or 1.66 × 10-27 Kg
Atomic & molecular mass

● Atomic mass is the mass of 1 atom of a substance, it is

expressed in amu.

Atomic mass = R.A.M × 1 amu

● Molecular mass is the ass of 1 atom of a substance, it is

expressed in amu.
Molecular mass = Relative molecular mass × 1 amu.
Find the relative atomic mass of ‘O’ atom and its atomic mass.
Solution :

The number of nucleons present in ‘O’ atom is 16.

∴ relative atomic mass of ‘O’ atom = 16
Atomic mass = R.A.M. × 1 amu = 16 × 1 amu = 16 amu.
 Mole
The no. of entities (Atoms, Molecules , ions etc.) that will be
equal to the no. of atoms present in 12 gm of C-12 isotope.

1 mole = 6.022 × 1023 particles

Avogadro’s No.
Gram Atomic Mass

It is also defined as mass of 6.02 × 1023 atoms.

Or
It is also defined as the mass of one mole atoms.

For example for oxygen atom:

Atomic mass of ‘O’ atom = mass of one ‘O’ atom = 16 amu
gram atomic mass = mass of 6.02 × 1023 ‘O’ atoms
= 16 amu × 6.02 ×
10 23

= 16 × 1.66 × 10-24 g
× 6.02 × 1023 = 16 g
(∴ 1.66 × 10-24 × 6.02 × 1023 ≈ 1)
AVERAGE/MEAN ATOMIC MASS
The weighted average of the isotopic masses of the element’s
naturally occurring isotopes.
Mathematically, average atomic mass of

Where: a1, a2, a3 ……. Atomic mass of isotopes and x1, x2, x3
…….. Mole % of isotopes.
Naturally occurring chlorine is 75% Cl35 which has an atomic
mass of 35 amu and 25% Cl37 which has a mass of 37 amu.
Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine -

A 35.5 amu

B 36. 5 amu

C 71 amu

D 72 amu
Naturally occurring chlorine is 75% Cl35 which has an atomic
mass of 35 amu and 25% Cl37 which has a mass of 37 amu.
Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine -

A 35.5 amu

B 36. 5 amu

C 71 amu

D 72 amu
Solution :
Interconversion of mole-volume, mass and number of particles

Number Volume at STP

Mole

÷ mol. Wt. × mol. Wt.

÷ At. wt × At. wt

Mass
Rearrange the following (I to IV) in the order of increasing
masses:
(I) 0.5 mole of O3 (II) 0.5 gm atom
of oxygen
(III) 3.011 x 1023 molecules of O2 (IV) 5.6 litre of CO2 at STP

A II < IV < III < I

B II < I < IV < III

C IV < II < III < I

D I < II < III < IV

Rearrange the following (I to IV) in the order of increasing
masses:
(I) 0.5 mole of O3 (II) 0.5 gm atom
of oxygen
(III) 3.011 x 1023 molecules of O2 (IV) 5.6 litre of CO2 at STP

A II < IV < III < I

B II < I < IV < III

C IV < II < III < I

D I < II < III < IV

Solution :
What is the number of iron atoms present in a piece of iron
weighing 2.8g? (Atomic mass of Fe = 56 u)

A 3.011 × 1024

B 5.011 × 1023

C 6.011 × 1022

D 3.011 × 1022
What is the number of iron atoms present in a piece of iron
weighing 2.8g? (Atomic mass of Fe = 56 u)

A 3.011 × 1024

B 5.011 × 1023

C 6.011 × 1022

D 3.011 × 1022
Solution:
Limiting and Excess reagent
Three Only
Limiting and Excess reagent
Limiting and Excess reagent
1.0 g of magnesium is burnt with 0.56 g O2 in a closed vessel.
Which reactant is left in excess and how much? (At. wt. Mg =
24, O = 16)

A Mg, 0.16 g

B O2, 0.16 g

C Mg, 0.44 g

D O2, 0.28 g
1.0 g of magnesium is burnt with 0.56 g O2 in a closed vessel.
Which reactant is left in excess and how much? (At. wt. Mg =
24, O = 16)

A Mg, 0.16 g

B O2, 0.16 g

C Mg, 0.44 g

D O2, 0.28 g
Solution:
Equal weight of ‘X’ (At. wt. = 36) and ‘Y’ (At. wt = 24) are
reacted to form the compound X2Y3. Then:

A X is the limiting reagent

B Y is the limiting reagent

C No reactant is left over and mass of X2Y3 formed

is double the mass of ‘X’ taken
D None of these
Equal weight of ‘X’ (At. wt. = 36) and ‘Y’ (At. wt = 24) are
reacted to form the compound X2Y3. Then:

A X is the limiting reagent

B Y is the limiting reagent

C No reactant is left over and mass of X2Y3 formed

is double the mass of ‘X’ taken
D None of these
Solution:
The conversion of oxygen to ozone occurs to the extent of 15%
only. The mass of ozone that can be prepared from 67.2 L of
oxygen at 1 atm and 273 K will be :

A 14.4 gm

B 6 gm

C 640 gm

D 64 gm
The conversion of oxygen to ozone occurs to the extent of 15%
only. The mass of ozone that can be prepared from 67.2 L of
oxygen at 1 atm and 273 K will be :

A 14.4 gm

B 6 gm

C 640 gm

D 64 gm
Solution :
Suppose two elements X and Y combine to form two
compounds XY2 and X2Y3 when 0.05 mole of XY2 weighs 5g
while 3.011 x 1023 molecules of X2Y3 weighs 85 g. The atomic
masses of X and Y are respectively :

A 20, 30

B 30, 40

C 40, 30

D 80, 60
Suppose two elements X and Y combine to form two
compounds XY2 and X2Y3 when 0.05 mole of XY2 weighs 5g
while 3.011 x 1023 molecules of X2Y3 weighs 85 g. The atomic
masses of X and Y are respectively :

A 20, 30

B 30, 40

C 40, 30

D 80, 60
Solution :
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
According to this principle as the number of atoms remain conserved
during a chemical reaction the moles of atoms also remain conserved.

KClO3(s) ⟶KCl(s) +O2(g)

Applying POAC for K atoms

Moles of K atoms in KClO3 = Moles of K atoms in KCl

For preparation of H2SO4 from iron pyrite [FeS2] involves
following set of reaction:

Calculate the weight of H2SO4 which can be obtained when

240 kg of FeS2 is used.

A 410 kg

B 330 kg

C 240 kg

D 392 kg
For preparation of H2SO4 from iron pyrite [FeS2] involves
following set of reaction:

Calculate the weight of H2SO4 which can be obtained when

240 kg of FeS2 is used.

A 410 kg

B 330 kg

C 240 kg

D 392 kg
Solution:
Percentage Composition

Percentage composition of the compound is the relative mass of

the each of the constituent elements in 100 parts of it.
An organic compound contains C, H and S. The minimum
molecular weight of the compound containing 8% sulphur is:
(atomic weight of S = 32 amu)

A 300 g mol-1

B 400 g mol-1

C 200 g mol-1

D 600 g mol-1
An organic compound contains C, H and S. The minimum
molecular weight of the compound containing 8% sulphur is:
(atomic weight of S = 32 amu)

A 300 g mol-1

B 400 g mol-1

C 200 g mol-1

D 600 g mol-1
Solution:
A mixture of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2HPO4 contain 30.40% mass
percent of nitrogen. What is the mass ratio of the two
components in the mixture?

A 2:1

B 1:2

C 3:4

D 4:1
A mixture of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2HPO4 contain 30.40% mass
percent of nitrogen. What is the mass ratio of the two
components in the mixture?

A 2:1

B 1:2

C 3:4

D 4:1
Solution :
Percentage Yield
For the reaction
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
1.12 gram of CaO is reacted with excess of hydrochloric acid
and 1.85 gm CaCl2 is formed. What is the % yield of the
reaction?

A 83.33 %

B 81.33 %

C 73.33 %

D 89.33 %
For the reaction
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
1.12 gram of CaO is reacted with excess of hydrochloric acid
and 1.85 gm CaCl2 is formed. What is the % yield of the
reaction?

A 83.33 %

B 81.33 %

C 73.33 %

D 89.33 %
For the reaction
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
1.12 gram of CaO is reacted with excess of hydrochloric acid
and 1.85 gm CaCl2 is formed. What is the % yield of the
reaction?

Solution :
For the reaction, 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3Na2CO3 → Fe2(CO3)3 + 6NaNO3
Initially if 2.5 mole of Fe(NO3)2 and 3.6 mole of Na2CO3 is taken.
If 6.3 mole of NaNO3 is obtained then % yield of given reaction
is:

A 50

B 84

C 87.5

D 100
For the reaction, 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3Na2CO3 → Fe2(CO3)3 + 6NaNO3
Initially if 2.5 mole of Fe(NO3)2 and 3.6 mole of Na2CO3 is taken.
If 6.3 mole of NaNO3 is obtained then % yield of given reaction
is:

A 50

B 84

C 87.5

D 100
Solution :
% Calculation

mass of solute in gm
(i) % w/w = × 100
mass of solution in gm

mass of solute in gm
(ii) % w/v = × 100
Volume of solution in ml

Volume of solute in ml
(iii) % v/v = × 100
Volume of solution
Parts per million

What does 4 ppm of solution means ?

4 ppm means 4g of solute is present in 106 g
of solvent.
Mole fraction
Molarity and Molality

Molarity (M) :

W × 1000
Molarity (M) =
(Mol. wt of solute) × V(in ml)

Molality (m) :

Number of moles of solute

Molality = × 1000
mass of solvent in gram
Dilution and Mixing of two solutions

If a particular solution having volume V1 and molarity = M1 is diluted upto

volume V2 mL than
M1V1 = M2V2 (M2 : Resultant molarity)

If a solution having volume V1 and molarity M1 is mixed with another

solution of same solute having volume V2 mL & molarity M2
What is the molarity of H2SO4 solution that has a density of
1.84 g/cc contains 98% by mass of H2SO4?
(Given atomic mass of S = 32)

A 4.18 M

B 8.14 M

C 18.4 M

D 18 M
What is the molarity of H2SO4 solution that has a density of
1.84 g/cc contains 98% by mass of H2SO4?
(Given atomic mass of S = 32)

A 4.18 M

B 8.14 M

C 18.4 M

D 18 M
Solution:
What is the molarity of SO42- ion in aqueous solution that
contain 34.2 ppm of Al2(SO4)3? (Assume complete dissociation
and density of solution 1 g/mL)

A 3 🇽 10-4 M

B 2 🇽 10-4 M

C 10-4 M

D None of these
What is the molarity of SO42- ion in aqueous solution that
contain 34.2 ppm of Al2(SO4)3? (Assume complete dissociation
and density of solution 1 g/mL)

A 3 🇽 10-4 M

B 2 🇽 10-4 M

C 10-4 M

D None of these
Solution :
The volume of water that must be added to a mixture of 250
ml of 0.6 M HCl and 750 ml of 0.2 M HCl to obtain 0.25 M
solution of HCl is:

A 750 ml

B 100 ml

C 200 mℓ

D 300 mℓ
The volume of water that must be added to a mixture of 250
ml of 0.6 M HCl and 750 ml of 0.2 M HCl to obtain 0.25 M
solution of HCl is:

A 750 ml

B 100 ml

C 200 mℓ

D 300 mℓ
Solution:
₹,14850
 JEE 2024
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PRO LITE Recorded
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Fortnightly Tests Yes Maybe Yes Maybe Yes

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Test Series Yes Maybe Yes Maybe NO
XXXX
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Assignments/year

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