Test 2: Kinematics and Forces

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Samantha walks along a horizontal path in the direction shown. The curved part of the path is a semi-circle.

The magnitude of her displacement from point P to point Q is approximately

a. 2 m b. 4 m c. 6 m d. 8 m

____ 2. A car moves from X to Y along a semicircular path. The radius of the path is 250 m and the time taken to
complete the trip is 50 s.

Which of the following correctly shows the magnitude of the average velocity and the magnitude of the
average speed?
Average Velocity Average Speed
a.
b.
c.
d.

____ 3. A toy car accelerates from rest down an inclined track at 2.0 . What is the speed of the car after
3.0 s?
a. 6.0 b. 9.0 c. 45 d. 54

____ 4. An object falls freely from rest through a vertical distance of 44.0 m in a time of 3.0 s. What value
should be quoted for the acceleration of free-fall?
a. 9.778 b. 9.780 c. 9.78 d. 9.8

____ 5. An object has initial speed u and acceleration a. After travelling a distance s, its final speed is v. The
quantities u, v, a and s are related by the expression

Which of the following includes the two conditions necessary for the equation to apply?
 a. a has constant direction u and v are in the same direction
b. a has constant direction a, u and v are in the same direction
c. a has constant magnitude a has constant direction
d. a has constant magnitude u and v are in the same direction

____ 6. A block of wood is placed on a bench. A variable horizontal force F is applied to the block, which is
initially at rest.

F is initially increased and then adjusted until the block moves at a constant horizontal speed. Which
describes F as the block moves along the bench?
a. It continues to increase. c. It decreases to zero.
b. It reaches a constant value. d. It decreases to a constant value.

____ 7. A tennis ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. Air resistance is not negligible. Which graph shows
the variation with time t of the displacement s of the ball?
a. c.

b. d.

____ 8. The weight of a mass is measured on Earth using a spring balance and a lever balance, as shown below.

What change, if any, would occur in the measurements if they were repeated on the Moon’s surface?
Spring balance Lever balance
a. same same
b. Same decrease
c. Decrease same
d. Decrease decrease
____ 9. Two blocks on a smooth horizontal surface are tied together. They are accelerated by a horizontal force of 30 N which
acts as shown. If frictional effects are negligible, what is the tension in the connecting rope?

a. 30 N b. 15 N c. 10 N d. 0 N

____ 10. A lamp of weight W is suspended by a wire fixed to the ceiling. With reference to Newton’s third law of
motion, the force that is equal and opposite to W is the
a. tension in the wire.
b. force applied by the ceiling.
c. force exerted by the lamp on the Earth.
d. force exerted by the Earth on the lamp.

____ 11. Three forces F, T and W act at a point P as shown below.

Which of the following gives the condition for point P to be in equilibrium?

a. W = F tanθ b. W = F cosθ c. F = W tanθ d. F = W cosθ

____ 12. A friction force f is acting on a block of weight w sliding down an incline at a constant speed. The force N is
the normal reaction of the incline on the block. Which of the following free-body diagrams best represents the
forces acting on the block?
 a. A b. B c. C d. D

____ 13. A skydiver jumped out of an airplane. On reaching a terminal speed of 60 m s –1, she opened her parachute.
Which of the following describes her motion after opening her parachute?
a. She went upwards for a short time, before falling to Earth at a speed of 60 m s–1.
b. She continued downwards at 60 m s–1, but hit the ground with less force.
c. She continued to fall but reached a new terminal speed of less than 60 m s–1.
d. She went upwards for a short time, before falling to Earth at a speed of less than 60 m s–1.

____ 14. A cart of mass M is on a horizontal frictionless table.

The cart is connected to an object of weight W via a pulley. Which of the following is the acceleration of the
cart?
a. b. c. d. 0

____ 15. A wooden block is sliding down an inclined plane at constant speed. The magnitude of the frictional force
between the block and the plane is equal to
 a. zero.
b. the magnitude of the weight of the block.
c. the magnitude of the component of weight of the block parallel to the plane.
d. the magnitude of the component of the normal reaction parallel to the plane.

____ 16. A car moves north at a constant speed of 3 ms-1 for 20 s and then east at a constant speed of 4 ms-1 for 20 s.
What is the average speed of the car during this motion?
a. 7.0 ms-1 b. 5.0 ms-1 c. 3.5 ms-1 d. 2.5 ms-1

____ 17. A car of mass 1000 kg accelerates on a straight, flat, horizontal road with an acceleration
a = 0.3 m s–2.
The driving force F on the car is opposed by a resistive force of 500 N.

The net (resultant) force on the car is

a. 200 N. b. 300 N. c. 500 N. d. 800 N.

____ 18. An elevator (lift) and its load have a total mass of 750 kg and accelerate vertically downwards at 2.0 m s-2.

What is the tension in the elevator cable?

a. 1.5 kN b. 6.0 kN c. 7.5 kN d. 9.0 kN

____ 19. Maria pushes a book up against the horizontal ceiling of her room as shown in the figure. The book
weighs 20 N and she pushes upwards with a force of 25 N. The choices below list the magnitudes of
the contact forces between the ceiling and the book, and between the book and her hand. Select the
correct pair.
 ceiling and the book book and her hand
a. 5N 45 N
b. 5N 25 N
c. 25 N 5N
d. 20 N 5N

____ 20. The chart below shows velocity against time for Donovan Bailey, in his winning run in the 100 m at
the 1996 Olympics.

The best estimate of his acceleration 2 s after the start of the race is
a. 1.2 b. 2.1 c. 3.0 d. 5.3

Problem

21. Consider the following velocity-time graph in which a positive velocity denotes movement to the right.

a) When does the object slow? __________________________ [1]

b) When is the object moving to the right? __________________________ [1]

c) When does the object accelerate? _____________________________ [1]

d) During the first acceleration is the acceleration to the right or left, and what is its value?
 ______________________________________________________________[1]

e) What is the average acceleration of the object over the trip? _________________ [1]

f) What is the overall displacement of the object? ______________________ [1]\

22. Explain whether each of the following is in equilibrium.

(a) A satellite in orbit at constant speed round the Earth.

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(b) A small weight suspended on a string and blown to one side by a wind so that the string makes a constant
angle with the vertical, as shown below.

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23. A cyclist is moving up a slope that is at an angle of 19° to the horizontal. The mass of the cyclist and the
bicycle is 85 kg.

(a) Calculate the

(i) component of the weight of the cyclist and bicycle parallel to the slope. [2]
 (ii) normal reaction force on the bicycle from the slope. [1]

(b) At the bottom of the slope the cyclist has a speed of 5.5 . The cyclist stops pedalling and applies the
brakes which provide an additional decelerating force of 250 N. Determine the distance taken for the cyclist to
stop. Assume air resistanceis negligible and that there are no other frictional forces. [4]

24. A ball is projected from ground level with a speed of 28 at an angle of 30° to the horizontal as shown
below.

There is a wall of height h at a distance of 16 m from the point of projection of the ball. Air resistance is
negligible.
(a) Calculate the initial magnitudes of
(i) the horizontal velocity of the ball;

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(ii) the vertical velocity of the ball.

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(b) The ball just passes over the wall. Determine the maximum height of the wall.
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25. Curling is a game played on a horizontal ice surface. A player pushes a large smooth stone across the ice for
several seconds and then releases it. The stone moves until friction brings it to rest. The graph shows the
variation of speed of the stone with time.

The total distance travelled by the stone in 17.5 s is 29.8 m.

(a) Determine the maximum speed v of the stone. [2]

(b) (i) The stone has a mass of 20 kg. Determine the frictional force on the stone during the last 14.0s. [2]

26. This question is about a balloon used to carry scientific equipment.

The diagram below represents a balloon just before take-off. The balloon’s basket is attached to the ground by
two fixing ropes.
There is a force F vertically upwards of 2.15 × 103 N on the balloon. The total mass of the balloon and its

basket is 1.95 × 102 kg.

(a) State the magnitude of the resultant force on the balloon when it is attached to the ground.

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(b) Calculate the tension in either of the fixing ropes.

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(c) The fixing ropes are released and the balloon accelerates upwards. Calculate the magnitude of this initial
acceleration.

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(d) The balloon reaches a terminal speed 10 seconds after take-off. The upward force F remains constant.
Describe how the magnitude of air friction on the balloon varies during the first 10 seconds of its flight.

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Test 2: Kinematics and Forces
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 4 REF: M10 TZ2

NAT: 2.1 STA: 2.1.1 TOP: Concepts KEY: displacement
2. ANS: B
speed = circumference / 50 s. velocity = 2 r / 50

PTS: 1 DIF: 5 REF: N10 NAT: 2.1

STA: 2.1.2 TOP: Kinematics KEY: Distinguish Concepts
3. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 2016 Specimen
STA: 2.1.5
4. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 2016 Specimen
STA: 2.1.5 A | 1.2.9
5. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: M07 TZ2 STA: 2.1.3
6. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 2016 Specimen
STA: 2.1.6 B
7. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: M15 TZ1 HL
STA: 2.1.6 A
8. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: N03 STA: 2.2.1
9. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 5 NAT: 2.2
STA: 2.2.3 | 2.2.9 TOP: Newtons Laws | Net Force KEY: Newton II | Common Problem
10. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: M09 TZ2 STA: 2.2.14
LOC: M.F.5
11. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: M07 TZ2 STA: 2.2.7
12. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: M05 TZ2 STA: 2.2.2
13. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: M09 TZ1 STA: 2.1.6A
LOC: M.F.11
14. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: M10 TZ2 STA: 2.2.9A
LOC: M.F.7
15. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: M10 TZ1 STA: 2.2.3
LOC: M.F.4
16. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: N16 STA: 2.1.2
LOC: W.K.1
17. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: M11 TZ1 STA: 2.2.3
LOC: M.F.4
18. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: M17 TZ1 STA: 2.2.9D
LOC: K.F.4
19. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: M01 STA: 2.2.14
20. ANS: B PTS: 1
PROBLEM

21. ANS:
a) at 5 s b) 0 to 5 s c) 0 to 2 seconds d) right 10m/s2 e) 0 f) 80 m

PTS: 6 REF: Doner

22. ANS:
(a) satellite is accelerating / resultant force towards (centre of) Earth;
hence not in equilibrium;
(b) sum of forces (in any direction) is zero / OWTTE;
hence in equilibrium;[4]

PTS: 4 STA: 2.2.7

23. ANS:

PTS: 7 REF: M15 TZ2 LOC: 2.2.9

24. ANS:
(a) (i) horizontal: 24 ms−1;
(ii) vertical: 14 ms−1;
(b)appropriate use of kinematic equation;
correct substitution;
h = 7.1m;
 PTS: 5 REF: M07 TZ2 STA: 2.1.5 B2
25. ANS:
(a) average speed = 29.8/17.5 = 1.70 m/s;
maximum speed must be twice this because of constant acceleration (constant slope);

(b) (i) only force acting is friction [1 for finding acceleration, and 1 for
using Newton II]
(ii) Either

OR
[1 for method, and 1 for answer]

PTS: 4 REF: N16 STA: 2.3.6 | 2.1.5 LOC: M.E.4 | M.K.4

26. ANS:
(a) zero; 1

(b) resultant vertical force from ropes = (2.15 × 103 − weight) = 237N;

equating their result to 2T sin50;

ie 2T sin 50 = 237

calculation to give T = 154.7N ≈ 150N; 3

Accept any value of tension from 130 N to 160 N. Award [2] for missing
factor of 2 but otherwise correct ie 309 N.

(c) correct substitution into F = ma;

to give 2
Watch for ecf.
NB Depending on value of g answer will vary from 1.0(3) ms−2
to 1.2(3) ms−2 all of which are acceptable.

(d) statement that air friction increases with increased speed seen / implied;
in 10 seconds friction goes from 0 N to 237 N / force increases from zero
until it equals the net upward accelerating force; 2

PTS: 8