2.

ENVIRONMENT

VOCABULARY

1. Human activities (adj-n): Hoạt động con người

2. Climate change (n-n): Biến đổi khí hậu
3. Air pollution (n-n): Ô nhiễm không khí
4. Respiratory diseases (adj-n): Các loại bệnh hô hấp
5. Fossil fuel combustion (n-n): Sự đốt cháy năng lượng hoá thạch
6. Exhaust fumes (n-n): Khí thải
7. Air pollutants (n-n): Chất gây ô nhiễm không khí
8. Water pollution (n-n): Ô nhiễm nguồn nước
9. Industrial waste (adj-n): Chất thải công nghiệp
10.Overuse of fertilizers and pesticides (n-n): Sự lạm dụng thuốc trừ sâu và
phân bón
11.Ecosystems (n): Hệ sinh thái
12.Aquatic animal species (adj-n): Các loài thuỷ sinh
13.Carbon dioxide emissions (n-n): Khí thải CO2
14.Energy consumption (n-n): Sự tiêu thụ năng lượng

EXERCISE

A. Đánh giá mức độ phù hợp của những từ hoặc cụm từ in đậm trong các câu
sau:
1. Fossil fuel combustion from industrial activities is a major cause for increased
air pollution levels. (No)

2. Climate change causes a rise in global temperatures and more frequent

extreme weather conditons, such as severe drought and acid rain. (Yes)

3. Aquatic animal species are directly affected by car exhaust and carbon
dioxide emissions from idustrial factories. (No)

4. A person can reduce energy consumption at home simply by using less water
and electricity. (Yes)
5. Air pollutants, such as CO2 or SO2, which are released from waste
incineration are responsible for reducing air quality in many places around the
world. (No)

6. Drinking dirty water can cause a number of respiratory diseases. (Yes)

B. Điền từ phù hợp để hoàn thành các câu sau

1. In big cities, private cars emit a huge amount of carbon dioxide emissions into
the atmosphere every day, which contributes to the increasing level of air
pollution.

2. Industrial waste from steel factories around the world are polluting local water
systems, threatening the lives of both animals and people who live nearby.

3. Hanoi is being covered with thick smog that reduces visibility as well as
causes respiratory diseases, such as asthma.

4. Climate change affects global weather conditions and makes them more
unpredictable and extreme.

5. Huge amounts of plastic waste in landfills is being incinerated without any

proper measure to prevent CO2 and other air pollutants from being directly
emitted into the atmosphere.

6. Most industries are depending on fossil fuel combustion; however, it is widely

recognized that we need to use alternative energy sources, such as solar or
wind power, which are more evironmentally and sustainable.

PRACTICE

A. Sử dụng tối thiếu 1 trong những từ/cụm từ gợi ý để mở rộng các câu sau
1. International car-free days are thought to be _________
Gợi ý: effective way, air pollutants
 International car-free days are thought to be an effective way so as to
reduce air pollutants
2. Due to high volumes of traffic, _________
Gợi ý: air pollutants, release, contributor, respiratory diseases, lung cancer
 Due to high volumes of traffic, a large amount of air pollutants are
released, which is considered a contributor to respiratory diseases
such as lung cancer

3. Deforestation can lead to _________

Gợi ý: environmental problems, ecosystem, threaten, native species
 Deforestation can lead to a variety of environmental problems, which
is likely to threaten the ecosystem of native species

4. The disposal of waste, especially _________

Gợi ý: industrial waste, exhaust fumes, regulate and monitor
 The disposal of waste, especially industrial waste, should be strictly
regulated and monitored

5. Governments could implement certain regulations on _________

Gợi ý: the use of private vehicles, public transportation, fossil fuel combustion
 Governments could implement certain regulations on the use of private
vehicles and even public transportation in order to reduce fossil fuel
conbustion

B. Phát triển các ý tưởng sau bằng 2-3 câu để trả lời cho câu hỏi:

What are some of the effects of human activities on the environment?

1. Exhaust emissions from vehicles

 Human means of transportation contribute to the degradation of the
environment because exhaust emissions from vehicles are one of the air
pollutants

2. Waste from factories

 Even though industrialisation brings many economic development, it also
brings pollution since the waste from factories is extremely contaminated to the
environment

3. Plastic waste incineration

 One of the contributors to air pollution is plastic waste incineration, which
emits hazardous fumes into the atmosphere
4. Cutting down trees
 The ecosystem and animal habitats have been severely detroyed because
people have been cutting down trees exceedingly for their profit

5. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides

 Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides can have a harmful influence on
people and animals who live nearby.