Universidad de Dagupan

School of Teacher Education

Arellano St., Dagupan City
Physical Education 3: First Aid and Water Safety
1st Semester, S.Y. 2022-2023

MIDTERM PERIOD
Week 3 Module

PROPER BANDAGING TECHNIQUES

Bandaging

Bandages are an essential component of any first-aid kit. They are among the most
useful items for any first-aider, with a variety of potential applications useful when
dealing with the majority of common accidents and injuries.

Dressings and bandages, on the other hand, are only useful when used correctly
because many are designed with a single purpose in mind, such as holding heavy
dressings against a wound or supporting a broken limb. Using a bandage that is not
appropriate for the situation means that it will be less effective than intended. Some
bandages, such as tubular bandages, can only be used on specific body parts due to
their irregular shape, and others are made of non-absorbent materials and should not
be used on open wounds. This necessitates learning to identify the various bandages in
a first aid kit.

What are the Different Types of Bandages?

There are three types of bandages that you may encounter, which we have highlighted
below. If you want to learn more about each type of bandage, a detailed description of
each type of bandage is provided below.

Roller Bandages
The most common type of bandage is a roller bandage. They are typically
made from a single continuous strip of lightweight and breathable cotton
gauze and are primarily used to hold dressings against wounds.

Triangular Bandage
Triangular bandages are among the more versatile types of bandaging
that can be found in a first aid kit. They are intended for use in the
construction of slings that support soft tissue injuries and immobilize
broken bones.

Tubular Bandage
Tubular bandages are the least versatile of the three types of traditional
bandages. They provide compression, can be used to immobilize and
support knee and elbow joints, and in some cases, can be used to hold a
dressing against a limb.

How to put a bandage? What to do?

A. Reassure them and explain what you intend to do.

✔ Assist them in sitting or lying down in a comfortable position.

✔ Before applying the bandage, support the limb or injured part of the body.
 B. Begin bandaging the casualty's front and injured side. Apply the bandage firmly,
but not so tightly that it restricts circulation.

✔ Leave your fingers and toes exposed to check their circulation.

C. Wrap the bandage around the limb in spiral turns, working from the inside to the
outside.

D. Fasten roller bandages with pins or tape. Otherwise, tuck the bandage in tightly.

E. Tie a triangular bandage with a reef knot: right over left and under, then left over
right and under.

F. When you're finished tying the bandage, check for circulation by pressing on their
finger or toe for five seconds until it turns pale.

✔ If the color does not return after two seconds, the bandage is too tight, and you
should reapply it more loosely.
✔ Every 10 minutes, check the circulation.
Equipment:
Sterile instruments

● One Kocher or Pean forceps

● One dissecting forceps
● One pair of surgical scissors or one scalpel to excise necrotic tissue and to
cut gauze or sutures

To limit handling and breaks in asepsis, instruments for one dressing for one patient
must be wrapped in paper or fabric (or placed in a metallic box) and sterilised together.
This set may contain 5 to 10 compresses.

If no sterile instruments are available, a dressing can be performed with sterile gloves.

Renewable supplies

● Sterile compresses
● Non-sterile disposable gloves
● Adhesive tape and/or crepe or gauze bandage
● Sterile 0.9% sodium chloride or sterile water
● Depending on the wound: antiseptic (7.5% povidone iodine scrub
solution, 10% povidone iodine dermal solution), paraffin compresses,
analgesics

Process of Bandaging depending on the Part of the Body

Triangle of Forehead or Scalp

The triangle of forehead or scalp (fronto-occipital) is used to hold dressings on
the forehead or scalp.
I. Place middle of base of triangle so that edge is just above the eyebrows
and bring apex backward, allowing it to drop over back of head (occiput).
Bring ends of triangle backward above ears.
II. Cross ends over apex at occiput, carry ends around forehead, and tie them
in a square knot
III. Turn up apex of bandage toward top of head. Pin with safety pin or tuck in
behind crossed part of bandage.
Triangle of Shoulder
The triangle of the shoulder is used to hold dressings on wounds of the
shoulder. Two bandages are required, one a triangle and the other a cravat,
roller bandage, or belt.

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. Triangle of Hand
The triangle of the hand is used to hold dressings of considerable size on the hand.
I. Place middle of base of triangle well up on palmar surface of wrist.
II. Carry apex around ends of fingers. Cover back (dorsum) of hand to wrist,
and tuck excess fullness of bandage into small pleats on each side of
hand.
III. Cross each half of bandage toward opposite side of wrist.
IV. Bring ends of triangle around wrist.
V. Tie ends in square knot.
Cravat of Head or Ear
The purpose of this bandage is to apply pressure to control hemorrhage from wounds of
scalp, or to hold dressings on wounds of ear or lower scalp.
I. Place middle of cravat over dressing.
II. Pass each end completely around head.
III. Tie in square knot.
Cravat of Elbow
The cravat of the elbow is used to hold dressings around the elbow.
I. Bend arm at elbow and place center of cravat at point of elbow (olecranon) .
II. Bring ends up and across each other in overlapping spiral turns. Continue
one end up arm and the other end down forearm.
III. Bring ends to front of elbow (antecubital fogsa) , and tie.
Circular Bandage
A circular bandage is used to cover cylindrical parts and to anchor bandages. As
illustrated a turn is made around the part and anchored. Similar succeeding turns
are made, overlying each other completely. The bandage is then terminated and
secured.
Spica of Foot
The spica of the foot is used to hold dressings on foot, and for support of sprained
ankle\.
I. Anchor around foot near base of toes. Carry obliquely across instep and
around heel. Continue obliquely across instep, crossing preceding turn to
base of large toe.
II. Repeat procedure, turns gradually ascending on both foot and heel,
crossings being in line along middle of instep.
III. Continue procedure in b above.
IV. Terminate above ankle, and secure.

First Aid for Sports Injuries; Treatment and CPR

Sports injuries differ according to age. For younger people who participate in contact
sports such as football, rugby, cricket, soccer, and wrestling, the most common sports
injuries are dislocations and fractures. Sprains and strains, rotator cuff injuries, knee
injuries, fractures, and dislocations are the most common acute sports injuries,
according to studies.

When a sports injury occurs, the first step is to immediately stop the activity and look for
additional hazards. It is critical to prioritize your safety and the victim's safety. As you
begin to provide first aid to the victim, you should call for assistance or ask someone
else to do so. Here are some of the most common sports injuries and the treatments for
them.

1. First Aid Treatment for Dislocation:

If you suspect the victim has a dislocation, avoid unnecessary movement and keep the
organ immobile. You should also avoid attempting to replace the joint, as this could

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result in additional injuries. Instead, apply ice to the injured area and take pain relievers
such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen. The victim should seek specialized care as soon
as possible.

2. Handling fractures first aid procedure:

If you suspect the victim has a fracture, seek medical attention right away.
If a splint is available, use it to mobilize the injured area and keep it from moving.
To reduce swelling, elevate the injured organ. To reduce swelling and bruising, apply
ice to the affected area. To reduce the risk of infection from open fractures, cover the
wound.

3. First aid procedure for managing knee injuries:

Stop the activity immediately to protect the victim from further harm.
Rest should be taken by the victim to allow the injury to heal.
Icing the injured (the cold prevents inflammation, which causes swelling and bruising.
Wrap an ice pack in a thin towel and apply to the injury. Ice causes blood vessels
around the injured part to vaso-constrict, reducing inflammation.
Apply ice for 20 minutes at two-hour intervals, allowing time for the injured part to warm
between applications. Acute injuries require icing several times per day.
Compression can also help reduce swelling and inflammation by wrapping the injured
area in an elastic bandage and applying cold therapy over the bandaging.
Raise the injured organ by positioning it higher than the rest of the body it decreases
swelling by restricting blood flow to the injured area.

4. First-aid treatment for strains and sprains:

Stop the activity if you suspect the victim has suffered a sprain or strain. The procedure
for treating strains and sprains is similar to that described above for knee injuries.
Put an end to the action.
Compress the injured area with a bandage before applying ice for a maximum of 20
minutes, allowing the area to warm up for two hours before icing again.
Elevate the injured area to reduce swelling, then consult a doctor to have the injury
evaluated.

5. First Aid for Cuts and Abrasions:

Contaminated abrasions containing foreign particles necessitate specialized treatment
in a medical facility. To remove any foreign matter, the wound must be cleaned with
irrigation. After washing, bandage the wound and apply ice.

Deep cuts necessitate immediate medical attention. It is critical to control the bleeding
when providing first aid. Excessive bleeding can cause shock. Put on gloves and apply
pressure to the wound with a clean cotton cloth or gauze to treat the external bleeding.
When blood seeps through the fabric, layer a new material on top. If you are unable to
stop the bleeding, take the victim to the hospital immediately.

CPR Techniques:

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is a technique that combines chest compressions

(pressing on the chest over the heart) and rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation). CPR can help get oxygen-rich blood to the brain and restart breathing if
someone isn't circulating (moving) blood or breathing properly.

People can need CPR for many different emergencies, including:

accidents
✔ near-drowning
✔ suffocation
✔ poisoning

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 ✔ heart attacks
✔ drug overdoses
✔ smoke inhalation
✔ electrocution injuries
✔ suspected sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

CPR is most effective when started as soon as possible, but first determine if it is
required. It should only be used if a person is not breathing or their heart is not beating.

The three basic parts of CPR are easily remembered as "CAB": C for compressions, A
for airway, and B for breathing.

C is for compressions. Chest compressions can help the flow of blood to the heart,
brain, and other organs. CPR begins with 30 chest compressions, followed by two
rescue breaths. According to the American Heart Association, rescuers doing
compressions should "push hard, fast, and in the center of the chest."
A is for airway. After 30 compressions, check the person's airway to make sure it is
open for breathing. The airway may be blocked by the tongue when someone loses
consciousness or by food or another foreign object.
B is for breathing. Rescue breathing starts after the 30 compressions, when the airway
is open. Someone doing rescue breathing breaths for the victim by forcing air into the
lungs. This includes breathing into the victim's mouth at the right times and checking for
signs of life.

Prepared by:

Rolando A. Diaz, Jr., LPT

Karen Joy A. Gallarin, LPT
STE Faculty

References:

https://www.mycprcertificationonline.com/blog/immediate-first-aid-treatment-for-sports-
injuries/

https://medicalguidelines.msf.org/en/viewport/CG/english/dressings-18482377.html

https://www.stjohn.org.nz/first-aid/first-aid-library/immediate-first-aid1/dressings-and-
bandages/

https://www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/how-to/how-to-put-on-a-bandage/

https://www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/how-to/how-to-bandage-a-hand/

Foot
cylindrical parts
elbow
head or ear
hand

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shoulder
scalp