What is Photovoltaic System?

A photovoltaic (PV) system is a type of renewable energy system that uses solar panels made of photovoltaic
cells to convert sunlight into electricity. The PV cells are made of semiconductor materials like silicon, and
when sunlight hits them, it creates an electrical current. The DC electricity produced by the PV cells is then
converted into AC electricity by an inverter, which can be used to power appliances and other electrical
devices. PV systems can be connected to the grid, and excess electricity can be sent back for credit or
compensation. Overall, PV systems are a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to generate electricity.

How does Photovoltaic System work?

A photovoltaic (PV) system converts sunlight into electricity. The system includes solar panels made of
photovoltaic cells, which are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon. When sunlight hits the PV cells,
it creates an electric field across the layers, causing an electrical current to flow.
The direct current (DC) electricity produced by the PV cells is sent to an inverter, which converts it into
alternating current (AC) electricity that can be used in homes or businesses. The AC electricity is then sent to a
breaker panel, where it can be used to power appliances and other electrical devices.
PV systems can also be connected to the grid, allowing excess electricity to be sent back to the utility company
for credit or compensation. Additionally, batteries can be used to store excess electricity for later use when
the sun is not shining.

Explanation of system components of the photovoltaic system

Solar Panel
A solar panel is the primary component of a photovoltaic (PV) system, which converts sunlight into
electricity. The panel is made of photovoltaic cells, which are made of semiconductor materials such as
silicon. When sunlight hits the PV cells, it creates an electric field across the layers, causing an electrical
current to flow. Multiple solar panels can be wired together to create a solar array, which can generate
more electricity.
Inverters
Inverters: Inverters are an essential component of a PV system that converts the DC electricity
produced by the solar panels into AC electricity that can be used in homes or businesses. There are different
types of inverters available, including string inverters, micro-inverters, and power optimizers. The size and
type of inverter used in a PV system depending on the size of the solar array and the electricity demand.

Racking
Racking: Racking is a structural component that holds the solar panels in place and secures them to the
roof or the ground. The racking system must be designed to withstand the weight of the panels and any wind
or weather conditions in the area. The racking system can be fixed or adjustable to optimize the angle of the
solar panels for maximum sunlight exposure.
Other components
Other Components: Other components of a PV system include wiring, grounding, fuses, and breakers,
which connect solar panels, inverters, and other equipment. Batteries can also be used to store excess
electricity generated by the PV system for later use when the sun is not shining. Monitoring systems can also
be installed to track the performance of the PV system and identify any issues or maintenance needs.