Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BIÑAN CITY

FIRST QUARTER
CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS

MELC : Relate the significance of art forms from the regions/ Promotes arts from the
regions/ discusses local materials used in creating art
References: MAPEH Module 1 (Arts) The Majestic Architecture and Sculpture
of Luzon

INTRODUCTION

Learning Task 1:

Fill in the table with the major art forms; film, theater, dance, architecture, music, visual
arts, and literature

Definition Art Forms

A form that create works that are primarily visual in nature,
such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture,
printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, film
making and architecture.

Relate to the written word and include writing, editing,

critiquing, teaching, reviewing, and other activities related
to written communication
a general term often used to describe thoughtfully cultivated
melody
A collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers to
present the experience of a real or imagined event before a
live audience in a specific place.

Performing art form consisting of purposefully selected

sequences of human movement.
the art and science of designing buildings and other physical
structures.
An art form with a language and an aesthetic all its own.

DEVELOPMENT: A
Forms of arts from different Regions in the Philippines

Traditional Art

1. Folk Architecture

Folk architecture in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic group, where the structures
can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and other materials. Look at the pictures
below these abodes can range from the hut-style bahay kubo which utilizes vernacular mediums in
construction, the highland houses called bale that may have four to eight sides, depending on the
ethnic association, the coral houses of Batanes which protects the natives from the harsh sandy winds
of the area, the royal house torogan which is engraved with intricately-made okir motif, and the
palaces of major kingdoms such as the Daru Jambangan or Palace of Flowers, which was the seat of
power and residence of the head of Sulu prior to colonization.

There are also buildings that have connected indigenous and Hispanic motif, forming the
bahay na bato architecture, and its proto-types. Many of these bahay na bato buildings have been
declared as world heritage site, as part of Vigan. Folk structures include simple sacred stick stands to
large spirit houses, indigenous castles or fortresses such as the idjang, to geologically-altering works
of art such as the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, locally called payyo. Five rice terrace
clusters have been declared as world heritage sites, namely Nagacadan, Hungduan, central Mayoyao,
Bangaan, and Batad.

The Ifugao People’s bale, highland

rice granary. Traditional stilt houses
with pyramid-shaped thatched . roofs
in the village of Bangaan
(prounounced “bahn-GAH-ahn”)
at the base of rice terraces. The area
under the house is the living area while
the house itself is used for sleeping and
to store rice in the attic.

The Tausug people’s Daru Jambangan

 Coral houses in Sabtang
Island, Batanes
Bahay na Bato in Cebu (Place of Flowers), The royal residence of the Sultan
of Sulu

Banaue Rice Terraces (Cordillera Region) Bahay na Bato in Vigan

Banaue Rice Terraces in June,

Ifugao Province

Coral House in Sabtang Island, Batanes

2. Maritime transport
Maritime transport in the
Philippines involves houseboats,
boat-making and maritime customs.
Such buildings, usually made
of wood chosen by elders and
craftsmen, were used as the main

A balangay reconstruction
vehicles of the people, connecting one island to another, where the seas and rivers
were the roads of the people.

While ships are known to have been used in the archipelago for thousands of years. While
boats are believed to have been used in the archipelago for thousands of years after the arrival of
humans through the sea, the early evidence of boat-making and the use of boats in the country
continues to be dated as AD 320 through the carbon-data of the Butuan boats known as the remains of
a gigantic balangay.

Various styles and types of indigenous sea vehicles

1. armadahan - two-masted double-
outrigger boat
2. avang - the trading ship
3. bangka- the native and widely-
available watercraft
4. birau / buggoh - the dugout canoe
the dugout canoe,
5. guilalo - the large sailing outrigger
ship
6. falua - the open deck boat
7. junkung - the small motorized boat
8. karakoa - the large outrigger warship
9. lepa - the houseboat
10. salisipan - the war canoe
11. vinta - and the outrigger

3. Weaving
Weaving is an ancient art form that continues in the Philippines today, with each ethnic group
having its own distinct weaving techniques. Weaving skills include basket weaving, backstrap
weaving, headgear weaving, fishnet weaving and other weaving techniques. The fabrics used are
cotton, abaca, banana fiber, grass, and palm fiber.
A. Cloth / mat weaving
There are several types of woven cloths in the Philippines. Expensive textiles are
manufactured through a complicated and difficult method called back-strap looming. Below are the
various woven cloths coming from different regions of the Philippines, popularized by different
Filipino tribes / ethnic groups.
• Pinilian weaved (Ilocano) - a cotton cloth weaved using a pangablan, where weaving styles of
binakul, binetwagan, or tinumballitan are inputted.
• Bontoc weave revolves on the concept of centeredness, a key cultural motif among the
Bontoc people.
• Sinamaki weave - where the tinagtakho (human figure), minatmata (diamond), and tinitiko
(zigzag) are incorporated.
• Kalinga textiles - are embedded into the geometry, where motifs include continuous lozenge
pattern locally called inata-ata, and mother-of-pearl platelets called pawekan, among many
others.
• The piña fabric is considered the finest indigenous Filipino-
origin textile. Those made by the Aklanon are the most prized,
and are utilized in the national costumes of the country, such
as barong Tagalog.
• Hablon is the fine textiles of the Karay-a and Hiligaynon
people, which have been known from the epics of the people.
The textile is usually used for Visayan patadyong and panuelo
• Saputangan tapestry weave ( Yakan) is a highly skilled
weaving utilizing the bunga-sama supplementary weft weave,
the siniluan warp-floating pattern, the inalaman
supplementary-weft technique, and the pinantupan weft band
pattern. Piṅa and cotton panuelo
• Mabal tabih ( Blaan )depicts crocodiles and curls. Weavers of
the art can only be women, as the art is dedicated and taught by Furalo, goddess of weaving.
• Dagmay weave (Mandaya) use the mud-dye technique in their craft
• Inabal (Bagobo) utilizes abaca into creating two tube skirts, namely sinukla and bandira.
• Meranaw textile (Maranao) used for the creation of the malong, among many other Maranao
clothing. These crafts are imbibed with okir designs including potiok (bud), dapal or raon
(leaf), pako (fern), pako rabong (growing fern) and katorai (flower).
• The pis syabit weave (Tausug) utilizes the free imagination of the weaver, as having no preset
pattern for the weave is the cultural standard for making the high art.
• T'nalak ( Tboli) is a fine textile crafted by the dream-weavers who are provided the designs
and patterns through dreams by Fu Dalu, the deity of the abaca used in weaving.
• Banton cloth ( Banton, Romblon.) The oldest known warp ikat textile in Southeast Asia

B. Mat-weaving is only done in shaded and cool placed as to preserve the integrity of the mats
and their fiber. Banig of Basey is an example of mat weaving where the weavers usually work
inside a cave, fibers used vary from banana, grass, palm, and many others.

A double ikat
mat from Sulu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines#/media/File:Double_ikat_weaving_from_Sulu,_Philippines,_East-West_Center.JPG

C. Basketry
 Fine art basketry has produced intricate
designs in the Philippines. and types intended
for particular purposes, such as farming,
storage of rice, travel kit, sword case, and so
on. Art is thought to have originated in the
archipelago as a result of human migration,
where those in the north were the first to learn
the art form.
Materials used in basketries vary by ethnic group.
Some essential materials include bamboo, Basket crafts made by the Iraya Mangyan rattan,
pandan, cotton cloth, nito, beeswax, abaca, buri, bark, and dyes. In the same way, each ethnic group
has its own basketry patterns, including the closed crossed under weave, the closed bamboo double
twill weave, the spaced rattan pentagon pattern, and the closed tetrahedron buri, among many others.
The finest basket designs, however, come from the Palawan ethnic groups in the southwest.
The Batak of Palawan harnessed craft to high art, as well as maintaining the status of their craft as
practical art. Intricate basketry can also be found amongst Mamanwa, various Negrito groups,
Mangyans, Ivatan, and many others. Some of the other basketry items from the Philippines include
tupil (lunch box), bukug (basket), kabil (carrying basket), uppig (lunch basket), tagga-i (rice basket),
bay'ung (basket pouch), lig-o (winning tray) and binga (bag). The weaving techniques of basketry
were also influenced by modern demands.

D. Weaved headgears, fishnets etc.

The weaving patterns of fish traps and gears in the Philippines are vast, of which the Ilocano people
may have the widest collection of fish gears among the ethnic groups of the archipelago. Notable
weave fish traps include bubo, barekbek, and pamurakan.
The weaving tradition is broom weaving, where the most stylized in the Philippines is probably the
talagadaw brooms made by the Kalinga people. Certain woven craft include raincoats, slippers and
items used for harvesting, planting, hunting, fishing, housekeeping, traveling, and foraging.
 Weaved headpieces are prevalent in the Philippines,
3. Carving. where multiple cultures use a variety of fibers to link
The craft of carving in the Philippines focusesmediums
on woodcarving
that shapeand non-clay
Filipino traditional
headgears, such as
sculptures. Woodcarving is one of the most fascinating traditional arts in the Philippines, with
Ivatan's headgear, Manobo's headgear, and Bontoc’s
some craft from different ethnic groups datingheadgear.
back to the Hispanic arrival, possibly the oldest
surviving today being pieces of a wooden boat dating back to AD 320. Here are some of the
famous wood carvings that have been made.
a. Wood carving
1. Bulul. These divine wooden statues, known in various groups
through different generic names, abound throughout the Philippines

Ivatan woman wearing a vakul

Filipino fisherman with fish gear

Weaved hornbill headgear of
The Ilongot

Bachelor’s hat made of plants, teeth,

tusks, shells and beats

Ifugao Brooms
from the northern Luzon to southern Mindanao.
2. Art of Okir . Another fine art attributed to the ethnic groups in Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago.
3. Paete, Laguna is among the most famous woodcarving places in the country, especially on
religious Hispanic woodcarving.

Various woodcarving epicenters in the Hispanic tradition are also present in several municipalities,
where the majority of crafts are related to the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary, where the practices
of Mary prevail.
Wood crafts of particular items, such as sword hilts, musical instruments, and other artifacts, are also
noteworthy, where depictions of ancient mythical beings are typically carved. There are other native
wood crafts and techniques in the Philippines, some of which have been used in Hispanic
woodcarvings since Standing bulul conquest, such as Paete's woodcarving types.

Philippine’s famous wood carvings.

Las Piṅas Bamboo Organ Kulintang from Mindanao

Detail of a torogan's panolong with a naga okir motif

b. Stone carving

Stone carving is an award-winning art form in the

Philippines. Such objects typically represent either an
ancestor or a god who allows the spirit of a loved one to
reach the afterlife properly. Ancient carved burial urns have
 been found in many places, especially in the Cotabato
region.
A. The Limestone tombs of Kamhantik ( Quezon
province ) are elaborate tombs, believed to initially
possess rock covers signifying that they were
sarcophagi. These tombs are believed to have been
Stone carvings at the façade originally roofed, as evidenced by holes marked onto
Of Miagao Church them, where beams have been placed.

B. Stone grave marks with okir ( Tawi – tawi ) are

also notable, with the people of Tawi-tawi. In many
areas, sides of mountains are carved to form burial
caves, especially in the highlands of northern
Luzon.
C. The Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves (Romblon) A
notable stone carving on a church is the facade of
Miagao Church.

Carved limestone burial urn

(14th cent.)

c. Ivory carving
Religious carvings of ivory, or garments as locally
known, became common after the direct introduction of
ivory from mainland Asia to the Philippines, where
carvings centered on Christian symbols such as the
Madonna with Child, the Christ Child and the sorrowful
mother. Ivory carving is an art practiced in the Philippines
for more than a thousand years, with the oldest known ivory
product known as the Butuan Ivory Seal.

Ivory carving of Christ Child with

gold paint (1580-1640)

d. Folk performing arts

The bulk of folk performing arts in the Philippines are traditional dances, plays and dramas. Ethnic
group in the Philippines has its own heritage of folk performing arts, but the Filipino folk performing
arts do have Spanish and American influences due to the country's historical narratives. Various folk
dramas and plays are featured in many people's epics. Between non-Hispanic cultures, dramas on
epics such as Hinilawod and Ibalong are well known, while among Hispanic communities, Senakulo
is a remarkable drama.

Notable examples of folk performing arts

 the banga  ragragsakan  uyaoy/uyauy
 manmanok  Tarektek  pangalay
 asik  kapa malong  tinikling
 singkil malong dugso,  subli
 sagayan  kinugsik kugsik  cariñosa
 binaylan  siring, pagdiwata  Kuratsa
 sugod uno  maglalatik  pandanggo sa ilaw.

Singkil Royal Dance

e. Folk (oral) literature

Folk (oral) literature arts include epics, poems,

myths, and other oral literature by a variety of ethnic groups
in the Philippines. Oral literature has influenced people's
thought and way of life, providing the basis for beliefs,
practices and social structures that support societies in
multiple aspects of life. As diverse as Filipino folk literature,
other literary works continue.
 Notable epic-poems
Darangen of the Maranao Kudaman of Palawan
Hinilawod of Panay Agyu Cycle of the Manobo
Biag ni Lam-Ang of the Ilocano Tulelangan of the Ilianon Manobos
Ibalon of the Bicolano Gumao of Dumalinao
Hudhud and Alim of the Ifugao Ag Tubig Nog Keboklagan
Ulalim cycle of the Kalinga, Keg Sumba Neg Sandayo of the Subanon
Lumalindaw of the Gaddang Tudbulul of the Tboli people

f. Folk graphic and plastic arts

a. Tattooing
It was adopted thousands of years ago by
Austronesian ancestors, where it evolved into
cultural symbols in a number of ethnic groups.
While this custom has been in place for
thousands of years, it was first on paper in the
16th century, where the bravest Bisaya (Pintados)
was the most tattooed. Similar tattooed
communities have been recorded among the
Bicolanos of the Camarines and the Tagalogs
of Marinduque. The tattooed people of Mindanao
include Manobo, where their tattoo practice is Whang-od crafting a tattoo
called pang-o-túb But perhaps the most known (21st century)
tattooed people in the Philippines today are the
highland people of Luzon collectively called Igorot, where they are historically tattooed prior to
colonization.
At present, only the small village of Tinglayan in Kalinga province has traditional tattoo artists
crafting batoks, led by master tattooist and Kalinga matriarch
Whang-od. Over the last decade, the many traditional tattoo arts in the Philippines have undergone a
resurgence after centuries of decline.

b. Folk writing (calligraphy)

The Philippines has various indigenous scripts collectively referred to as suyat, each of which has its
own types and calligraphic styles. Various ethno-linguistic communities in the Philippines used
scripts of various mediums before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century until the independence
period in the 21st century. At the end of colonialism, only four of the suyat scripts had survived and
continued to be used by some groups in everyday life that had been registered in the UNESCO World
Memory Program under the name of Philippine Paleographs (Hanunoo, Buid, Tagbanua and
Pala'wan) in 1999.
These four suyat scripts
1. hanunó'o/hanunoo of the Hanuno'o Mangyan
,
2. buhid/build of the Buhid Mangyan
3. Tagbanwa script of the Tagbanwa
4. palaw'an/pala'wan of the Palaw’an
 Owing to dissension from colonialism, many artists and cultural experts have
resurrected the use of their own scripts that have become extinct as a result of
Spanish persecution.
Buhid Calligrapy

The revived scripts

1. kulitan script of Kapampangan people
2. badlit script of various Visayan ethnic groups,
3. iniskaya script of the Eskaya people,
4. baybayin script of the Tagalog people, the Kulitan
script
5. sambali script of the Sambal people,
6. basahan script of the Bicolano people,
7. sulat pangasinan script of the Pangasinense people
8. kur-itan script of the Ilocano people

g. Folk drawing and painting

Folk drawings have been documented in the archipelago for thousands of years. The oldest folk art is
the stone drawings and engravings, which include the petroglyphs in Angono (Rizal), produced during
the Neolithic period of the Philippines, corresponding to 6000 BC to 2000 BC.
The drawings were perceived as religious in nature,
with child drawings intended to alleviate the illness
of children. Another known petroglyph is Alab
(Bontoc), which is dated not later than 1500 BC and
portrays symbols of fertility such as pudenda. At the
other hand, ancient folk drawings such as
petrographs can also be found at specific sites in the
region. Petrograhs in Anda (Bohol) are sketches
made of red hematite. Petrographs recently found in
Monreal (Ticao) contain sketches of monkeys,
human faces, worms or insects, trees, dragonflies and
birds. Petrographs from Singnapan in southern
Palawan are also drawn with charcoal.

Painting made with the Waray people

kut-kut technique, developed in Samar
Folk paintings, like folk drawings, are works of art that usually include depictions of folk culture.
Evidence suggest that the people of the archipelago have been
painting and glazing their potteries for thousands of years. Pigments used in paintings range from
gold, yellow, reddish purple, green, white, blue green, to blue. Statues and other creations have also
been painted on by various ethnic groups, using a variety of colors. Paintings on skin with elaborate
designs is also a known folk art which continue to be practiced in the Philippines, especially among
the Yakan people.

h. Hat making
Hat-making is a fine art in many
communities throughout the country, with the
gourd-based tabungaw of Abra and Ilocos being one
of the most prized. Indigenous Filipino hats were
widely used in the daily lives of the people until the 20th century when they were replaced by
Western-style hats. They are currently
worn during certain occasions, such as
Figure 1Bontoc Hat
festivals, rituals, or in theatre.

12

Gourd - based salakot Mandaya people's sandok Tortoiseshell salakot

i. Mask Making

The art of mask creation is both an indigenous and

imported tradition, as certain communities have mask-
making practices prior to colonization, while some mask-
making traditions were introduced through trade from parts
of Asia and the West. Today, these masks are worn mostly
during festivals, such as the Higantes Festival, Moriones
Festival, and Maskara Festival
Most indigenous masks are made of wood, where these works of
art are almost always rudimentary as they represent beings outside
basic human comprehension.
Gold masks made specifically for the dead also abound in the
country, specifically in the Visayas region. However, the practice
of gold mask making ceased due to Spanish colonization. Masks
made of bamboo and paper used in Lucban
depict the proverbial Filipino farming family. Masks of Marinduque are used in pantomimic
dramatization, while masks of Bacolod depict egalitarian values, showing ancient traditions of
equality among the people, regardless of economic standards. In theater, various masks are notable
among epics, especially those related to the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

j. Pottery
Pottery art, known as ceramic pottery, clay pottery
and folk clay sculpture, has long been part of various
cultures in the Philippines, with evidence of pottery
culture dating back some 3,500 years.] Notable
pottery artifacts from the Philippines include
Manunggul Jar (890-710 BCE) and Maitum
anthropomorphic pottery (5 BC-225 AD).
Ceramic pottery was first produced around 1,000
years ago, which led to what scholars call 'ceramic
 Manunggul Jar from Palawan

age' in the Philippines. Ceramic trade also became widespread, where pottery and shards were found
in the
Philippines as far as the Arab world, possibly Egypt, and East Asia, according to the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts.

Similar jars have also been sold directly to Japan. Notable folk clay art in the country include The
Triumph of Death Science (1890) and Mother's Revenge (1894), common pottery in the country
includes tapayan and palayok. In recent years, the art of pottery has received the media's interest, as
different techniques and designs are continually being designed by Filipino craftsmen.

k. Non-ornamental metal crafts

Non-Metal crafts are also noteworthy among the craftsmen of
different national craftsmen, such as Baguio in the north. Hispanic metal
crafts are common among lowlanders. These crafts usually include giant
bells, the largest of which is preserved in Asia at the Panay Church. Deity
crafts made of metals, in particular gold, have also been found in the
Philippines, with the Agusan image being a remarkable one.
Non-ornamental metal crafts are metal products which stand on
their own. These crafts are generally as elegant as they are and seldom
require ornamental metal work to further thei native aesthetics - Ethnic
group has its own terminology for craftsmen specializing in metalwork,
with the people of Moro Lantalka guns being one of the leading creators of
quality metalworks, typically decorated with metalwork.
l. Blade arts
Many swords are specifically designed for ceremonial purposes and
agricultural purposes, whereas other styles are specifically used for offensive and defensive warfare.
Sword making is an ancient tradition in the Philippines, where the Filipino bladesmiths have been
producing quality swords and other bladed weapons for centuries, with a variety of types influenced
by the sheer diversity of ethnic groups in the archipelago.

The most known Filipino sword

1. kampilan, a well-defined sharp blade with an
aesthetically protruding spikelet on the flat side of the
tip and an apple which depicts one of four sacred
creatures,
2. bakunawa (dragon),
3. buaya (crocodile),
4. kalaw (hornbill)
5. kakatua (cockatoo).

Kampilan sword

Filipino bladed weapons

 balarao - winged dagger  batangas - the wide-tipped
 balasiong - convex sword  the machete bolo
 balisong - the butterfly knife  dahong palay - the rice-leaf sword
 balisword - the modernized sword  gunong - dagger-kalis
 bangkung - slash-hack sword
 banyal - the top-concave sword
 barong - the leaf sword
 Kinds of spears
1. (sibat), axes
2. darts (bagakay)
3. arrows
(pana/busog)

 gayang - the double-edged anti-slip

 machete golok
 kalis - the wavy sword
 karambit - claw knife
 panabas - battle axe
 pinutí - white sword
 machete pirah
 gunong - last-resort knife
 susuwat - the devastation sword
 taga - sawtooth sword
 utak - wide-tippe
 Swords Daggers

m. Martial arts
Filipino martial arts vary from ethnic group to ethnic group due to the diversity of cultures within the
archipelago. The most famous is
1. Arnis (also called kali and eskrima) - the most famous martial arts. The national sport and
martial art of the Philippines, which emphasize weapon-based fighting styles with sticks,
knives, bladed weapons and various improvised weapons as well as open hand techniques.

Tribal term for Arnis

 estoque, estocada, and garrote (Spanish time)
 paccalicali-t (Ibanags)
 didya/kabaroan (Ilocanos)
 sitbatan/kalirongan (Pangasinenses)
 sinawali "to weave" (Kapampangans)
 calis/pananandata (use of weapons) Tagalogs
 pagaradman (Ilonggos)
 kaliradman (Cebuanos)

Unarmed Martial Techniques

 Pangamot (Bisaya )
 suntukan (Tagalog)
 sikaran (Tagalog)
 dumog (Karay-a)
 buno (Igorot )

Learning Task 2:
Write a word/phrase/sentence that best describe the following:
1. Carbon data of Butuan boats.
2. The large outrigger warship
3. The royal house which is engraved with intricately-made okir motif.
4. The trading ship
5. The war canoe
6. It involves houseboats, boat-making and maritime customs.
7. Indigenous castles or fortresses
8. The houseboat
9. The dugout canoe
10. Two-masted double-outrigger boat
Learning Task 3:
Fill in the table the needed answer / information. The first one is done for you.
 Traditional Art Kind
1 Folk Performing arts Tinikling
2 Sibat
3 Gourd Salakot
4 Buhid calligraphy
5 Madonna with child
6 Kabayan Mummy Burial Child
7 Hablon
8 Falua
9 Bahay na Bato
10 Maranaw Textile

ENGAGEMENT

Learning Task 4
Answer the questions briefly
1. How important is traditional art?
________________________________________________________

2. How would you promote traditional art to your friends and family?
___________________________________________________________

3. What do you think is the important role traditional art to contemporary period?
___________________________________________________________

Learning Task 5

Carving is usually the process of shaping something from the materials by scraping certain portions
with the aid of the tools available. Today using any fresh bar soap, carve the design of your choice on the
soap then if possible, apply colors to beautify your output.

Creativity - 25 points
Design - 25 points
Time and effort - 15 points
Craftmanship - 35 points
Total - 100 points

Non-Traditional Arts

Introduction:
Learning Task 6:

Identify the following word as to what non - traditional art it belongs.

D – dance M- music T – Theater V – visual arts

L – literature A – architecture F – film & broadcast S – sculpture,

1. kadal taho 6. Sarimanok series

2. Doctrina Christiana 7. Iconic outfits
3. Kulintang 8. senakulo
4. Rizal monument 9. Dalagang bukid
5. kitchen equipment and 10. subli
utensils

DEVELOPMENT: B

a. Dance
Filipino dance is inspired by the country's folk performing arts, as well as its Hispanic traditions. The
art of dance in the non-traditional context involves dance choreography, dance direction and dance
performance. Many styles have also developed due to global influences.
Ballet has also been a popular dance style in the Philippines since the early twentieth century. Pinoy
hip hop music has inspired the country's regional dances, where others have adapted global trends for
hip hop and break dance. Many choreographers in the Philippines focus on both traditional and
western dances, with dance companies focusing on Hispanic an
d traditional dance forms.

Different Ethnic dances

1. banga
2. moro dances
a. pangalay
b. singkil dances
3. lumad dances
a. kuntaw
b. kadal taho
c. lawin-lawin dance
4. Christianized Filipino dances
a. maglalatik
b. tinikling dance Performers of Moro dances in an international stage

b. Music
The foundation of Filipino music is the enormous
tangible and intangible musical heritage of many
ethnic groups in the archipelago, some of which have
been influenced by other Asian and Western cultures,
especially Hispanic and American music. Musical arrangement, musical direction and musical
performance are at the core of non-traditional musical art.

Filipino music genres

 Manila sound - brought optimistic themes in the declining state of the country during the
martial law years.
 Pinoy reggae - which focuses on dancehall music faithful to the expressions of Jamaican
reggae.
 Pinoy rock - which incorporates rock music with Filipino cultural influences.
 Pinoy pop - which is one of the most common genres in the Philippines.
 Tagonggo - which is typically performed by well-dressed male musicians
 Kapanirong - which is a serenade genre
 Kulintang - the genre of an entire ensemble of musicians using a diverse array of
traditional
 musical instruments,
H. Kundiman - a traditional genre of Filipino love music
 Bisrock - a genre of Sebwano rock music
 Pinoy hip hop - is genre of hip hop adopted from American hip hop music.

c. Theater
Theater in the Philippines has the character of Malaya (freeman), which is seen in the
ceremonies, mimetic dances, and mimetic practices of the actors. Theater in the Philippines has a long
history. The cornerstone of which is the folk performing arts of the western arts. In the non-traditional
category, theatrical direction,
theater presentation, theater
production design, theatrical lighting
and sound design, and theater
playwriting are the focal points of the
arts.
Plays with Spanish roots have
influenced the Filipino theater and
drama, in particular the comedy,
(Sinakulo) the playlets, the Sarsuela
and the Filipino drama. Puppetry,
such as Carrillo, is also a fascinating
theater craft.

Theater with an Anglo-American influence, on the other hand, has often blended with other
styles of theater, such as Bodabil and plays in English. New and
original plays by Filipinos have also influenced the theater and drama of the Philippines using
representational and presentational styles taken from contemporary modern theater and revived
traditional forms from within or outside the region.

d. The visual arts under the non-traditional arts include painting, non- folk sculpture,
printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance
art, and imaging.

Painting
The influences introduced by other Asian and Western cultures have artistically advanced the art of painting. In
the 16th century and throughout the colonization era, religious propaganda paintings for the spread of
Catholicism became rampant. Most of these paintings are essentially part of church structures, such as ceilings
and walls. At the same time, non-religious paintings were also well known. Notable painting during that period
includes the image of Nuestra Senora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga
(1692)

Folk painting has always been part of the diverse cultures in

the Philippines. Petroglyphs and petrographs are the oldest
known folk drawings and paintings in the country, the oldest
made in the Neolithic era. Human figures, frogs, lizards, and
other designs have been depicted. They may have been more
symbolic symbols, associated with healing and compassionate
magic. The influences of other Asian and Western cultures
have artistically advanced the art of painting.
Throughout the 19th century, wealthier, educated
Filipinos brought more secular Filipino art, making art
in the Philippines deviate from religious motifs. The Sarimanok ( 20th century
use of aquarelle paintings increased and the subject
matter of paintings began to include landscapes, Filipinos, Filipino fashion, and government officials.
Portrait paintings by the
painters themselves, Filipino jewelry and native furniture.

Landscape paintings depicted scenes of average Filipinos participating in their daily tasks. These
paintings often featured the names of ornately painted artists. These paintings often featured the
names of ornately painted artists. Such paintings were made on paper, wood, and a number of metals.
Notable aquarelle paintings were made in the style of Tipos del País or in the style of Letras y
figuras. Notable oil paintings of the 19th century include Basi Revolt paintings (1807) Sacred Art
of the Parish Church of Santiago Apostolic (1852), Assassination of Governor Bust.
After World War II, art was heavily inspired by the effects of war. Popular themes included battle
scenes, devastation, and the Filipino people's suffering. Nationalistic themes in painting continued in
the
midst of the war's effects. The key examples include the International Rice Research Institute
(1962) and the Manila Mural (1968) Paintings of the 20th-21st century displayed the native cultures
of the Philippines as part of the spread of nationalism.
Notable paintings during the period include the series Chickens (1968) and Sarimanok (late 20th
century). Some works have also criticized the continuing colonial outlook in the region, such as
discrimination against darker-skinned people and the negative effects of colonialism. Filipinas: A
Racial Identity Crisis (1990's) and Brown Man's Burden (2003) are noteworthy artistic works on
this subject. Numerous works of art have been created primarily as a protest state authoritarian rule,
human rights violations, and fascism.

Sculpture

Sculpture is a three-dimensional piece of art created by the formation of different kinds of materials.
Sculptures are three-dimensional pieces of art that are created by shaping various kinds of material.
Among the most popular are stone, steel, plastic, ceramics, and wood. Sculpture is often referred to as
plastic arts.
The art of sculpture in the country originated from native cultures, which includes works of
art made of wood, metal, stone, coral, grass, rattan, bamboo and other mediums. Non-folk sculpture in
the Philippines is a major form of art, with many artists and students focusing on the subject.
Different materials can be used in sculptures, such as iron, wax, glass, wood, plastic, bamboo, and
many more. The country's art of sculpture originated from native cultures, which includes works of art
made of wood, metal, stone, coral, grass, rattan, bamboo, and other mediums.
Notable non-folk sculptures include Oblation, which represents selfless devotion and service to the
country, Rizal Monument, depicting the Filipino martyr and scholar Jose Rizal, Tandang Sora
National Shrine, depicting the revolutionary mother of Katipunan Melchora Aquino, Lapu-Lapu
Shrine, depicting the classic-era hero Lapu-Lapu, who conquered the colonizers during his lifetime
people Power Monument, Celebrating the power and activism of the people over its government,
Filipinas Comfort Women, which immortalizes the suffering and judicial need for Filipinas to
comfort women during the Second World War, and the Bonifacio Monument, depicting the
revolutionary hero Andres Bonifacio.

The following are some of the famous sculptures in the Philippines

Lapu – Lapu shrine Tandang Sora Monument Bonifacio Monument

Filipina Comfort Women

Gabriela Silang Monument Rizal Monument

Print making
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines)
Printmaking is an artistic process based on the principle of transferring images from a matrix
onto another surface, most often paper or fabric. Printmaking generally involves only the method of
producing prints that have an element of originality, rather than just a photographic reproduction of a
painting. Printing is a method of producing artworks by printing, usually on paper. Traditional
printmaking techniques include woodcuts, etching, engraving and lithography, while modern artists
have expanded the available techniques to include screen printing.
Printmaking began in the Philippines after the religious orders at the time, namely
Dominicans, Franciscans and Jesuits, started printing prayer books and inexpensive prints of religious
images, as the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ, or the saints, known as estampas or estampitas such, which
were used to spread Roman Catholicism and to further colonize the islands. Maps were also printed
through the art form, which includes the 1734 Velarde map. Printmaking has since diversified in the
country, which has included woodblock printing and other forms.

Photography

Photography is taking pictures by letting the camera's lenses light up on a film. In analog
photography, the light was captured on a film that had to be chemically produced. Most of the images
are digital today. Cameras don't have a film; the images are recorded on silicon chips.
Photography began in the country in the 1840s, when photography equipment was
introduced. During the colonial era, photos were used as news media, tourism, tool for anthropology
and documentation, and as a means for the Spanish and Americans to assert their perceived social
status to natives in support of colonial propaganda.
Other forms of visual arts in the Philippines include installation art, mixed media works,
illustration, graphic art, performance art and imagery. The world's first photograph made in a
camera was taken in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. The photograph was taken from the upstairs’
windows of Niépce's estate in the Burgundy region of France.

Literature

Poetry, fiction, essay, and literary / art criticism are the focal points of non-traditional art literature,
usually based on or influenced by the traditional folk (oral) literature of natives, which focuses
heavily on works of art from epics, ethnic mythologies, and related stories and traditions. In some
cultures, calligraphy on different mediums has been used to create.

The literature under the colonial regime focused heavily on Spanish-language works under Spanish
occupation, and then on adaptation to the English-language under American occupation. Nevertheless,
Filipino literary works without colonial propaganda were made by local authors as well. Thus, in the
21st century, Filipino literature plunges into historical narratives of modernity, global outlook, and
concepts of equality and nationalism.

Presented below are the famous literary.

Year/ Century Title Artist / Tribe Description

Published

17th century Biag ni Lam - ang Ilocano manuscript

1869 Florante at Laura Epic – inputting writing with

Francisco Balagtas
Asian and European themes

1878 0r 1894 Ang Baba inga Huaran Hiligaynon First modern play in any
Philippine langguage

19th century Ninay First novel written by a Filipino

Pedro Paterno

1887 Noli Me Tangere A novel both aim to enlighten

Jose Rizal the Filipinos on what is
1891 El filibusterismo happening in the country.

1900 Maming Sebwano First novel in sebwano

 1906 Banaag at Sikat Lope K. santos Literary dives into the concept of
socialism, capitalism and the
union of laborers
1921 The Child of sorrow Zoilo Galang First Filipino Book written in
English

1966-1967 Fiction
Sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag Edgardo M. Reyes

1983 Dekada 70 Lualhati Literary works tackling the

Bautista evident human rights and
Amado V. violations of those who are in
Luha ng Buwaya
Hernandez power during Martial law

2002 Smaller and smaller

Felisa Batacan
circles Filipino literature in the 21st
2007 Ang Ladlad:An J. Niel Garcia/ century dives into historical
Anthology of Phil. Gay narratives in modernity, global
Danton outlooks, and concepts of
Writing
Remoto equality and nationalism
2008 Ilustrado Miguel Syjuco

2018 Insurrecto Gina Apostol

Film and Broadcast arts

Film and broadcast art focus on the performing arts, writing, production design, filmmaking,
editing, animation, performance, and new media.
The history of cinematic arts in the Philippines officially began in 1897, with the introduction
of moving pictures to Manila. Filipinos helped foreign filmmakers in the Philippines for a time, until
in 1919, when filmmaker José Nepomuceno made the first ever Filipino film, Dalagang Bukid
(Country Maiden). The 1940s produced films that would point to the realities of people, due to the
invasion years during the Second World War. More imaginative and sophisticated films appeared a
decade later under the umbrella of professional films, as they were viewed at the time. The 1960's saw
an era of commercialism, fan movies, soft porn movies, action flicks, and western spin-offs, until the
golden age of cinema met the turbulent years of dictatorship from the 1970's to the 1980's. The films
of the period have been supervised by the government, with various filmmakers being arrested. A
remarkable film made during this period is Himala, which deals with the concept of religious
fanaticism. The era after martial rule dealt with more serious topics, with independent films being
produced by many filmmakers.
The 1990s saw the rise of films similar to Western films, together with the continued
popularity of films focused on the realities of deprivation. Manila in the Claws of Light, The Flor
Contemplacion Story, Oro, Plata, Mata, and Sa Pusod ng Dagat are among the most serious films
of the period.
Cinema in the 21st century Philippines has seen a revival of iconic watches, with films being
made on various fronts. Films on human dignity, ideas of injustice, self-love and historical narratives
have achieved common success. Main films during the period include The Blossoming of Maximo
Oliveros, Caregiver, Kinatay, Thy Womb, That Thing Called Tadhan, A Lullaby to the Sorrowful
Mysteries, and the film version of the book Smaller and Smaller Circles.
 Architecture

The basis of Filipino non-folk architecture is the folk architecture of various ethnic groups
within the Philippines. Diversity of vernacular architecture ranges from bahay kubo, bahay na bato,
torogan, idjang, payyo, and ethnic shrines and mosques. After the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th
century, various western styles were introduced, such as the Baroque, which was used for the
establishment of the Manila Cathedral and the Boljoon Church. Nevertheless, owing to the geological
nature of the islands, the Baroque architecture was later converted into a special style now known as
Earthquake Baroque, which was used in the building of the Binondo Church, the Daraga Church and
the Paoay Church World Heritage Sites, the Miagao Church, the San Agustin Church and the Santa
Maria Church.
Art Deco continues to be a common architecture in some Filipino communities, with the city of
Sariaya considered the country's capital of Art Deco. Italian and Italian-Spanish architecture can be
seen in some buildings such as Fort Santiago and The Ruins. Stick-style stands out among some
wooden houses, such as the Silliman Court. Neoclassical is probably the most vividly portrayed in the
world.
Architecture under the category of non-traditional arts focus on non-folk architecture and its
allied arts such as interior design, landscape architecture, and urban design. The rebirth of indigenous
architecture into neo-vernacular architecture took place in the late 20th and 21st centuries.

Allied Arts of Architecture

Interior of the National Museum of Natural History A. Interior design

The interior design of the Philippines has been
inspired by indigenous Filipino interiors and traditions,
Hispanic styles, American styles, Japanese styles,
industrial design, avantgarde, tropical design, neo-
vernacular, international style and sustainable design.
Since interior spaces are manifestations of community,
beliefs, and ambitions, Filipino scholars have been
extensively researched.

Mindanao relief map from Dapitan (c. 1892)

B. Landscape architecture
Landscape architecture in the Philippines
initially followed the client's opulence, but in
recent years the emphasis has been on habitats and
sustainability.

C. Urban design
Urban planning is a key economic and cultural
issue in the Philippines, notably due to the high
population of the country, marked with problems on
infrastructures such as transportation. Many urban planners have initiated proposals for the uplifting of
urban areas, especially in congested and flood-prone Metro Manila.

Design
The art of design is present in all forms of art, whether traditional or non-traditional, but design
arts in the context of non-traditional arts usually emphasize industrial design and fashion design.

Classification of design
1. Industrial design
Industrial design is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and
specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the
mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer. It is an art in which design precedes
manufacturing of goods intended for mass production, has been a key factor in improving the
economy of the Philippines.
2. Fashion design
Fashion arts is one of the oldest artistic crafts in the world, and every ethnic group has
its own sense of fashion. Indigenous fashion makes use of various materials produced by
traditional techniques, such as weaving and ornamental techniques.

Learning Task 7:

Complete the puzzle.

Down Across
1. The oldest folk drawings and portraits 2. Notable printing during late 20th century
3. medium use for taking pictures 6. An art of taking pictures
4. art forms that are primarily visual in nature 7. An example of sculpture
5. an artistic process based in the principle of fabric 8. Three dimensional pieces of art
10. an inexpensive print of religious images 9. World first photographe

2 4.
1 5
3. 10

ENGAGEMENT:

Classify the following examples as Graphic arts, Visual arts, Performing arts and
Plastic arts. Write your answer on the space provided.
_________________1. plastic bottle _________________11. straw
_________________2. dance _________________12. theatre 
_________________3. calligraphy _________________13. drawing
_________________4. painting _________________ 14. ceramics
_________________5. opera _________________ 15. printmaking
_________________6. typography _________________16. illusion
_________________7. magic _________________17. lithography
_________________8. sculpture _________________18. plastic bottle
_________________9. photography _________________19. filmmaking
_________________10. recycle plastic _________________20. puppetry
ASSIMILATION:
Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. The oldest known warp ikat textile in Southeast Asia .

A. Banton cloth C. Maranaw Textile
B. Hablon D. Inabal
2. It is one of the most fascinating traditional arts in the Philippines.
A. sculpting C. weaving
B. carving D. folk performing
3. The finest basket design is found in _______.
A. Cordillera C. Palawan
B. Cebu D. Negros Island
4. A notable stone carving found at the facade of Miagao Church.
A. Carved limestone burial urn
B. The Limestone tombs of Kamhantik
C. Stone grave marks with okir
D. The Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves
5. It includes epics, poems, myths, and other oral literature by a variety of ethnic groups in
the Philippines.
A. Folk literature C. Folk performing
B. Folk writing D. Tattooing
6. The genre of an entire ensemble of musicians using a diverse array of traditional
musical instruments,
A. Kundiman C. Tagongo
B. Kulintang D. Kapanirong
7. The oldest known folk drawings and paintings in the country,
A. Calligraphs C. Petrographs
B. Basi Revolt paintings D. Manila Mural
8. First novel written by a Filipino
A. Maming C. Banaag at Sikat
B. Noli Me Tangere D. Ninay
9. An art technique used in the visual arts, where the artwork is created from the
assemblage of various objects, forming a new whole.
A. Collage C. Found Objects
B. Decollage D. Assemblage
10. These are the things we can quickly find all around us
A. Materials
B. Local Materials
C. Bamboo and Buri
D. Pandan and coconut shell

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