Chem QB Sem1 solutions – Allen

# Very Short Ans Type:

1. How many grams does an atom of hydrogen weigh?
1
Ans: Since, Mass of ‘H’ = 23
× (1) = 1.67 × 10−23
6.022× 10

2. What is the SI unit of amount of a substance?

Ans: mole(mol)

3. State the law of multiple proportion.

Ans: “When two elements A and B form more than one compounds, the masses of
element B that combine with a given mass of A are always in the ratio of small
whole numbers”

4. What is Bohr radius?

Ans: …radius of first stationary state; it is of length 52.9 pm

5. What are the SI units of wavelength?

Ans: metre(m)

6. What is de Broglie equation?

h
Ans: λ = p ; where λ=wavelength; h=Planck’s const.; p=momentum

7. Define Isobars.
Ans: …atoms of diff. elements having the same mass no. but diff. atomic nos…

8. Select the smaller ion from each of the following pair:

(a) K+, Li+ (b) N3-, F-
Ans: (a) K+ (b) N3-

9. Define: (a) Ionic Radius - …is defined as the distance of the valence shell of
electrons from the centre of the nucleus of an ion.
 (b) Electronegativity - The ability of a covalently bonded atom to attract
the shared electrons toward itself

10. What is the effect of temperature on viscosity?

Ans: Temp incr. then visc. decreases due to incr in thermal energy and overcoming
attr. forces binding them together

11. Define critical temperature.

Ans: The temp of a gas in its critical state, above which it cannot be liquefied by
pressure alone…

12. Write the formula to calculate Bond Order of molecule.

N b−N a
Ans: B.O = 2
(note: it is actually - Nb - Na)

where Nb...e- is bonding and Na...e- in antibonding

# Short Ans Type

1. Write the statement for: (i) Boyle’s Law - At constant temperature, the pressure
of fixed amount (number of moles) of a gas varies inversely with its volume.

(ii) Charle’s Law - At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is
directly proportional to its temperature in kelvin

2. Name the types of intermolecular forces present in Ar, Cl2, CCl4, and HNO3
Ans: Ar, Cl2, CCl4 – London Dispersion Forces
HNO3 – Hydrogen Bonding & London Dispersion Forces
3. Difference between ideal gas & real gas.
Ans:

4. State and explain law of conservation of mass.

Ans: …“mass can neither be created nor destroyed” (give examples like H2 + O2
 H2O)

5. State and explain Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

Ans: In the year 1927 Werner Heisenberg stated the uncertainty principle : “It is
impossible to determine simultaneously, the exact position and exact momentum
(or velocity) of an electron. In other words the position and momentum of an
electron can not be determined with the same certainty
Mathematically Heisenberg uncertainty principle is expressed as:

where DELTAx is uncertainty in position and DELTAp is

uncertainty in momentum.
6. Differentiate between isotopes and isobars.
Ans:

7. State the order of filling atomic orbitals following Aufbau principle.

Ans: Aufbau principle:
i. Aufbau principle gives the sequence in which various orbitals are filled with
electrons
ii. In the ground state of an atom, the orbitals are filled with electrons based on
the increasing order of energies of orbitals, Pauli’s exclusion principle, and
Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity.
iii. Increasing order of energies of oribitals:
a. Orbitals are filled in order of increasing value of (n+l)
b. In cases where the two orbitals have the same value of (n+l), the orbital
with a lower value of n is filled first.
iv. The increasing order of energy of different orbitals in a multielectron atom
is:
1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s etc.
8. Indicate the number of unpaired electrons in (i) Si(Z=14) (ii)Cr(Z=24)
Ans: (i)
 (ii)

9. Give reasons for need of hybridization.

Ans: i. Valencies of certain elements – The maximum number of covalent bonds
which an atom can form equals the number of unpaired electrons present in tis valence
shell.
ii. the shapes and geometry of certain molecules – the valence bond theory
cannot explain shapes, geometries, and bong angles in certain molecules.

10. Draw orbital diagram of HF molecule.

Ans:

#Ans in Brief
1. Distinguish b/w sigma & pi bond
Ans:

2.