Liongo 7.

Tagpuan- saklaw nito hindi lamang ang pook ng

kuwento bagkus kasama rito ang oras, panahon
Isinalin sa Filipino ni Roderic P. Urgelles
at maging kapaligiran kung saan umiinog ang
Hele ng Ina sa kanyang panganay kuwento.

A Song of a Mother to Her Firstborn salin sa Ingles 8. Banghay- ito ang lohikal na pagkakasunod
ni Jack H. Driberg sunod ng mga pangyayari sa isang akda.

Isinalin sa Filipino ni Mary Grace A. Tabora a. Linear na banghay- nagpapakita ng pag-usad ng

kwento mula mula simula hanggang waksa
Ang Matanda at Ang Dagat
b. Episodikong banghay- Gumagamit ng
Isinalin sa Filipino mula sa Ingles ni Jesus Manuel panumbalik
Santiago“ The Old Man and the Sea” ni Ernest
Hemingway (bahagi lamang) c. Paikot na banghay- magsisimula sa isang
pangyayari at magtatapos din sa natukoy na
PANUNURING PAMPANITIKAN pangyayaring pinagsimulan ng kuwento
Ang panunuri ay isang kasanayang dapat taglayin 9. Teorya- tumutukoy sa paglalapat ng isang
ng mambabasa. Kaugnay nito, kailangan taglay rin espesipikong dulog-pampanitikan na
niya ang mga kaalaman tungkol sa panitikan tulad magpapailalim sa pagtalakay ng paksa o anumang
ng genre at iba’t ibang elementong taglay nito. Sa elementong nais bigyang-diin ng manunuri.
pagsusuri ng mga akdang pampanitikan,
mahalaga ring masuri ang mga pahiwatig, 10. Kaisipang taglay ng akda- ito ay tumutukoy sa
pahayag, at ideyang di-tuwirang lantad ang panlahat na kaisipang namamayani sa isang akda.
kahulugan. Narito ang mga salik na dapat
a. bisa sa damdamin
isaalang-alang sa pagsusuri ng isang akdang
pampanitikan. b. bisa sa kaisipan

1. Pagkilala sa awtor- mahalagang makilala ng c. bisa sa asal

mambabasa ang awtor sapagkat Malaki ang
11. Estilo- kabilang sa estilo ng manunulat ang
epekto ng buhay ng awtor sa kaniyang isinusulat.
pagpili ng uri ng banghay, wikang ginagamitan, at
2. Genre ng panitikan- ito ay maaaring mauri paggamit ng talinghaga.
bilang tuluyan o patula.
Hatirang pangmadla (Social Media)
3. Layunin ng akda- ito ba ay naglalarawan,
naglalahad, nagsasalaysay, nangangaral,
pumupuna, tumutuligsa, nang-uudyok, o
nanghihikayat.

4. Buod- pinaikling bersyon ng akda

5. Paksang-diwa ng akda- tumutukoy sa kabuuang

ideyang nakapaloob sa isang akda.

6. Mga tauhan- mahalagang makilala nang

lubusan sapagkat sila ang nagpapatakbo ng
salaysay o kuwento.
The Exercise of Authentic Human Act Circumsatnce and Human Acts

Human Act Circumstance

- When man is freely choosing an act - a condition which is outside the essence of
human act and yet affect the result of the
- Comes from the premediated free will of man
human act
- one has full knowledge and responsibility for
- If influences human Acts.
such actions
1. in measuring the result of the human act
Elements of Human Acts
2. in point of morality
1. Knowledge
2. Freedom 3. through merit and demerit
3. Voluntarines/initiative
- circumstances surrounding the human act
Acts of Man cannot make the human act moral or
immoral, but they may increase or decrease
- done without full knowledge
its degree of goodness and badness.
- when actions was done because of fear and
Example of Immoral Acts
violence
1. Murder
Elements of Acts of Man
2. Theft
1. Ignorance 3. Blasphemy
2. Passion 4. Perjury
3. Fear 5. Adultery
4. Violence 6. Cheating
5. Habits 7. Slander
8. Bullying
Humanitarian Acts
Accountability
- acts and practices that deal with saving lives of
people and alleviating poverty and suffering in - answerability, blame worthiness, and the
the society expectation of account giving

Large-Scale Efforts - it is two-fold one must be responsible in fulfilling

his role and also bear the consequences of his
1. Doctors without borders actions
2. Big help
3. Save the Children Some practical ways on how to be a good person
4. Catholic Relief Services
1. Seek God in prayer
5. Action Against Hunger
2. Understand other before seeking to be
Local Effors understood
3. Be happy always
1) Bahay bata center
2) Buklod Center Love of God
3) KAISA, Inc.
• Yahwen (Jews)
4) Lumina Intervation Center\
 • Jesus(Christians)
• Allah(Muslims)
• Buddha(Buddhists)
• Bhrama(Hindi)
• Waheguru(Sikhs)
• Ahura Mazda(Zoroasters)
- Backbone of creed-love
- Our capacity to love God is just a response to his
love for us because He loved us first
- We love God because He is worthy to be loved
- The object of love is something that is good, and
God is the embodiment of all that is good
Life with God
- God blesses every man with the things he need
to manage a meaningful life
- To live one’s life is not enough, what is required
is to live one’s life morally.
- What a person was when he was born is God’s
gift to him, but what kind of person he will
because will be his gift to God
Loving others, Respecting others
Philosophy of the Golden Rule
- it transcend time and boundaries
- It guides people to treat others the way they
would like to be treated
- it is the best way to respect others and allows
every individual, not only to give justice to others
but also to make them feel his love of them.
Love of Neighbors
- They are gifts of God to us, and we should
dispose ourselves to love them the way we love
ourselves
Respecting others
- We must respect others because like us, they
have dignity
- We must respect others because like us, they
have emotions
- We must respect others because like us, they
are unique
Interdependence
-It is a fact that if we are alone, we are insufficient
- A virtue that disposes, all persons to be mindful
of the welfare of their neighbors, allowing them
to meat others as the extension of their selves.
Cardinal Virtue
- Habitual and firm disposition to do the good.
- Not only to perform good acts, deliver the best
of himself
Virtue of Prudence
- Allows an individual to judge correctly if what is
right what is wrong in any situation
Virtue of Justice
- justice is defined as “the constant and
permanent determination to give everyone his or
her rightful due.”
justice is defined as
“the constant and permanent determination to
give everyone his or her rightful due.”
Virtue of Fortitude
- Strength to face life’s perils and vicissitudes. It
helped to overcome his fear and be determined
in his search and practice of what is good.
Virtue of Temperance
- helps us regulate our desires and our use of
earthly goods.
NERVOUS SYSTEM

• The nervous system uses electrical impulses to

collect, process and respond to information
about the environment.

• The Central Nervous System (CNS)

serves as the main “processing center” for the

entire nervous system. It has two main
components, which are the brain, and the spinal
cord. Commands to the body originate in the
brain and the spinal cord connects the brain with REGULATION OF THE ENDOCRINE
the rest of the nerves in the body.

• The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

contains all nerves that extend outside the brain

and spinal cord. It has two main divisions, which
are the Somatic Nervous System and the
Autonomic Nervous System.

- The somatic nervous system (SNS) regulates

voluntary activities such as muscular movement.
It also controls reflexes, such as pulling your hand
away from the hot surface of a stove.

- The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

activities that are not under conscious control
and has two divisions that are opposite of one
another: the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous
NEURON
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), causing
maturation of an egg in the ovary.
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulating the
release of the egg.

• The basic unit of the nervous system is the
nerve cell, called neuron. Neurons have dendrites
and axons that aid in transmitting the message.
- Sensory neurons carry impulses from sense
organs, such as the eyes or ears.
- Motor neurons carry impulses to muscles and
glands.
- Interneurons transfer signals between sensory
and motor neurons, as well as in between other
interneurons.
- Estrogen and progesterone are involved in
maintaining the uterus lining.
TESTOSTERONE
• Testosterone is a hormone that is responsible
for many of the physical characteristics specific to
adult males. It plays a key role in reproduction
and the maintenance of bone and muscle
strength.
EOSTRADIOL

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Estradiol is a powerful reproductive hormone
that has a wide range of actions in both men and
women.
• Estradiol is a steroid hormone made from
cholesterol and is the strongest of the three
naturally produced estrogens. It is the main
estrogen found in women and has many
functions, although it mainly acts to mature and
maintain the female reproductive system.
• Homologous structures may perform different
functions in the species living in the different
environment, or it may have the same origin
but different functions.
• Structures of unrelated species may evolve to
look alike, because the structure is adapted to
similar function. These are called analogous
structures.
• Analogous structures have similar functions
but different origin

EVOLUTION

•The change in inherited traits

over successive generations in populations
of organisms

Types of Evolution

• Divergent Evolution
- Splitting in ancestral population into two or
more sub populations that
are geographically isolated from
one another
• Convergent Evolution
- Is an increase in similarities among species
derived from different ancestors as a result of
similar adaptation to similar environment.
• fossils were commonly found in sedimentary
rocks. They were from the hard parts of the
organism like woody stem, bones, or teeth.

FOSSIL RECORDS
• Imprints are shallow external molds left by
animal or plant tissues with little or no organic
materials present.
• Compression is the other side with more
organic material.
RELATIVE DATING

• age of the rocks by comparing them with the

rocks in the other layer.
ABSOLUTE DATING
• radioactive isotopes such as carbon-14.
TYPES OF STRUCTURE