Claret School of Zamboanga City

LEVEL II PAASCU – ACCREDITED

Ruste Drive, San Jose Cawa-Cawa, Zamboanga City
Senior High School
S.Y. 2022 – 2023

STUDENT’S LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN GRADE 12 GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

Name: ________________________________
Grade and Section: ______________________

Activity No.: 1 (Second Semester)

Activity Title: Kinetic Molecular Theory of Solids and Liquids
Learning Target/s: At the end of the lesson the student CAN:
1.1. compare the properties of liquids and solids with those of gases; and
1.2. apply the kinetic molecular theory to describe liquids and solids.
Reference/s: Exploring Life Through Science General Chemistry 2. (pp. 4-5)
Value/s: Humility, Excellence

I. Essential Ideas

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter

The Kinetic Molecular Theory of matter provides an overview of the microscopic properties of molecules or
atoms and their interactions. These concepts, when combined, lead to the macroscopic behavior and properties of
matter. The kinetic molecular theory describes the microscopic properties of matter and how they translate to the
state and other properties of matter.

The Kinetic Molecular Theory states that:

(1) Matter is composed of small particles.
(2) The molecules interact with one another through attractive forces. The strength of these forces is related to
the distance between the particles.
(3) These molecules are always in constant random motion.
(4) The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

Matter is Composed of Small Particles

Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Matter can exist as a group of individual atoms or as a group of atoms
bonded together called molecules. A pure gold bar, for example, is composed of many gold atoms. However,
some elements can exist as molecules. For example, oxygen gas exists as a diatomic molecule, O2. Matter can
also come in the form of compounds. Compounds are produced when two or more atoms of different elements
combine chemically. Water (H2O) is a compound composed of molecules made up of an oxygen atom covalently
bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Sodium chloride is a compound made up of sodium and chloride ions interacting.

Molecules Interact through Attractive Forces

The attractive forces between molecules are known as the intermolecular forces. These forces affect the spacing
between molecules. The stronger the interaction between two molecules, the smaller their distance will be. The
strength of the attractive force at a given temperature can be used to differentiate the states of matter. Solids have
particles with strong intermolecular forces such that their particles are very close to one another. Liquids have
intermediate intermolecular forces. This makes liquid particles farther from one another compared to those in
solids. Gases, on the other hand, have particles that are very far apart from one another due to weak intermolecular
forces.

Molecules Are in Constant Random Motion

All molecules are in constant random motion. The extent of their motion varies depending on the temperature and
strength of the interaction between the particles. Solids, due to their strong intermolecular forces, have restricted
motion. The particles of solids are only able to vibrate back and forth around a specific point or location. Liquids,
having intermediate intermolecular forces, are able to move past each other. Since their particles are still close to
one another, the motion is restricted to small distances as they will collide with another molecule. Gases, having
weak intermolecular forces, are able to move in relatively long distances before colliding with another molecule.
This happens because the particles are very far apart from one another.

Temperature is a Measure of the Average Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy refers to the energy of particles in motion. Since all molecules are in constant random motion,
they contain kinetic energy. The higher the kinetic energy, the more active the particles are. Temperature is a
measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules. Increasing the temperature will result i n a faster motion of
the particles. This can be used to describe phase changes.

II. Learning Experiences

A. Clarifying Understanding
Directions: Identify whether the statement is True or False.

___________1. Matter is composed of small particles.

___________2. The particles comprising matter are stationary.

___________3. The speed at which the particles are moving depends on the temperature.

___________4. Solids have particles farthest from one another.

___________5. Gases have strong intermolecular forces.