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instruments, digital video
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record and store
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cannot be changed. The contents of this memory more accurate.
spread
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analysis and
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of
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raw and processed data, both of which can be experiments and scientific concepts improve
repeatedly used whenever required. scientific understanding and develop higher-order
(7) What is an operating system? Give two thinking skills. It is also possible to demonstrate
examples. experiments and environments that would not be
Ans. An Operating System (0S) is the most otherwise possible, e.g.., the model of an atom, or the
essential software of a computer. It manages and functioning of a nervous system.
controls all the parts of the computer. It is the (4) Prediction : Compiled and processed data
can be used to predict possible outcomnes, such as
interface between user and the computer's hardware
weather forecasting in meterology.
and the other programs. Without an OS, we cannot
(5) Collecting scientific information : Scientific
use a Computer.
Examples of OS: Windows, Apple MacOS, information from peers and experts can be collected
using the Internet, emails, newsgroups, blogs,
Linux, Android.
forums and chat rooms, Wikipedia, video
(8) What precautions will you take when
conferencing, etc.
entering data in a spreadsheet?
(6) Interactive education : Interactive
Ans. Precautions for entering data in
simulations reinforce learning by allowing the
spreadsheet : (1) Enter all data in tabular form.
students to explore a wide variety of physical
(2) Enter different types of data in different columns.
phenomena and see the effect of changing a value.
(3) Define the data type and format for each column.
Many simulations and animations can be found on
(4) Do not type unnecessary space and special the Internet to illustrate key principles and facilitate
characters. (5) Enter data neatly and in one 'flow'.
interactive learning.
(6) To drag and fill sequential data or to apply the (7) Modelling and simulation to improve
same formula in a column, hold down the Ctrl key performance of cars, aircraft, architectural
and drag down the cell handle with mouse. (7) A structures, etc., trigger technological improvements
formula must begin with an equal sign (=) and in these industries.
must be typed without inserting a space. (10) What are some of the job opportunities
*(9) Explain the role and importance of ICT in the hardware and software fields?
in science and technology? OR
What are the uses of information
Ans. Job opportunities in the hardware field :
(1) Hardware designing and manufacture
communication technology in science?
(2)Hardware assembly and testing (3) Sale of
(Textbook page 113)
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hardwares
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computers, ICT
devices and computer networks of individual and
corporate users.
Job opportunities in the software
field : Development of application
softwares,
custom software packagesand scientific applications,
and operating systems and utilities.
(11) Write a short note on C-DAC.
Ans. The Centre for Development of Advanced
Computing (C-DAC), Pune, is the leading institute
in India whichconducts research in the field of
computers. It helped develop the first Indian
supercomputer, Param, under the guidance of
senior scientist Dr. Vijay Bhatkar. This computer
could perform one billion calculations per second.
C-DAC also participated in developing the ISCII
(Indian Script Code for Information Interchange)
code for writing in different Indian scripts on
computer.
(12) How is information communication
technology important for dealing with the
explosion of information? (Open ended
question) (Think about it. Textbook page 108)
Ans. Advances in science and technology generate
data at a tremendous rate. This huge information
must be disseminated and assimilated for increasing
knowledge and evolving a knowledge based society.
Computer-based ICT is essential for :
(1)data processing : disseminate and transform
the data into information (2) storage: save the
obtain the
data and information (3) retrieval :
stored information (4) communication : exchange
information.
*(13) Which devices will you use to share
your knowledge with others?
(Open ended question)
Ans. Some of the devices which we can use to
share knowledge with others are:(1) Computer and
networking hardware for writing books and blogs,
participating in forums and chat rooms, and
preparing presentations. (2) Telephone (both
landline and mobile) for answering oral queries
and social media discussions. (3) Television, by
participating in discussions and debates.
*(14) Which application software in the
Computer system did you find useful while
studying science, and how?
(Open ended question )
Ans. Useful application softwares for studying
science : (1)Word processor (Microsoft Word ), for
documenting project work. (2) Spreadsheet
(Microsoft Excel), for tabulating and analysing
experimental data. (3) Presentation (Microsoft
PowerPoint ), for creating attractive presentations.
(4) Web Browser (Chrome/Internet Explorer), for
searching and accessing websites on the Internet
for information, and for sending emails.
*(15) What precautions should be taken while
using various types of software on the
computer? (Open ended question )
Ans. Precautions while using various types of
software on the computer:
(1) Install and use only legal /licensed softwares,
except freewares which are unlicensed. Illegal
copying and distributing licensed softwares as well
as using such pirated softwares are acts of copyright
infringement and punishable by law.
(2) Do not access other people's computer files
without permission.
(3) Do not copy or modify copyrighted work to
create a new Work.
(4) Use authentic data and maintain honesty and
impartiality in data analysis.
(5) Do not indulge in cyber crimes like traudulent
e-transactions, hacking, infringement of intellectual
property, and publishing/ transmitting obscene
information.
"(16) Which technical difticulties did you face
while using the computer? What did you do to
overcomne them? (Open ended question)
Ans. Some of technical difticulties faced while
uSing a computer are as followS :
 (1) Computer got switched off due to sudden power
outage/ fluctuations and much of the current work
was lost.
Remedy:(1) Working files were saved frequently.
(2) The power supply to the computer was given
through an UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply )
which allowed sufficient time to save the files in
case of power outage.
(2) Difficulty in downloading pictures from the
Internet due to low connectivity.
Remedy: Searched and downloaded pictures of
lower resolution and smaller file size.
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CPU
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Components of
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Output
ROM

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External Software
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USB

Operating
system
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DVDCD, software
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Utility
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Application
software

rowser
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Engines)
Search computers
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etc.,