Chapter II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies that had bearing to the study.

There are several of determinants and aspects of being a member of Brotherhood and Sisterhood that
may have given impacts to the Academic Performance of SHS Students in Saint Andrew's School of
Pantabangan Inc. These may include the following:

Do fraternities and sororities inhibit intercultural competence?

Georgianna L Martin, Gene Parker, Ernest T Pascarella, Sally Blechschmidt

Journal of College Student Development 56 (1), 66-72, 2015

This study explored the impact of fraternity and sorority affiliation on students’ development of
intercultural competence over four years of college at 11 institutions. Prior research admonishes
fraternities and sororities for being largely heterogeneous organizations that detract from institutional
efforts to create a culturally competent student body. In the present study, fraternity and sorority
members did not differ from their unaffiliated peers on their development of intercultural competence
during college. Implications for higher education and student affairs practice and intercultural
competence among fraternity/sorority communities is discussed.

The state of fraternity and sorority life in higher education

Shamiece A Banks, James G Archibald

Georgia Journal of College Student Affairs 36 (1), 3, 2020

Since the establishment of the first fraternity Phi Beta Kappa in 1776, fraternities and sororities have
had a 200-year-old history on college campuses in the United States. Fraternity and sorority life has
become an important opportunity for students to get involved, gain leadership skills, and develop into
global citizens. Despite a long standing history, the threat on the sustainability of these organizations
has increased over the years. Hazing, alcohol abuse, and negative media attention have created
challenges for Greek-letter organizations. The purpose of this article is to explore the historical context
of fraternity and sorority life, the issues that are impacting the Greek community, and provide
recommendations for student affairs professionals.
The effects of fraternity and sorority membership in the fourth year of college: A detrimental or value-
added component of undergraduate education?

Michael S Hevel, Georgianna L Martin, Dustin D Weeden, Ernest T Pascarella

Journal of College Student Development 56 (5), 456-470, 2015

We use a longitudinal national dataset to explore the direct and conditional effects of fraternity/sorority
membership on students’ educational outcomes in the 4th year of college. Controlling for a variety of
potentially confounding variables, including pretest measures of the outcomes, we find no direct effect
of fraternity/sorority membership on educational outcomes; however, we identify 5 conditional effects
related to students’ entering academic abilities and their racial/ethnic identities. We conclude by
discussing implications for practice and research.

Fraternities and sororities: Developing a compelling case for relevance in higher education

James P Barber, Michelle M Espino, Daniel Bureau

Peter Lang Press, 2015

With over 60 collective years of serving the fraternal movement as fraternity/sorority members,
chapter'advisors, fraternity/sorority life advisors, and (international fraternal leaders, we ap proached
writing about the experiences of college students who participate in fraternities and sororities from an
affirming and positive perspective. We believe these distinctive and intergenerational organizations can
provide a forum for college students to create meaningfiil, well-rounded, and learning-oriented
experiences.

A quasi-experimental analysis of fraternity or sorority membership and college student success

Nicholas A Bowman, Joshua M Holmes

Journal of College Student Development 58 (7), 1018-1034, 2017

Despite considerable debate about the effects of fraternities and sororities on college campuses, the
extent to which these organizations promote or detract from student success is unclear. Therefore, we
used propensity score analyses to examine the link between membership in a social fraternity or
sorority and several student success outcomes. For female students, membership is associated with
greater college satisfaction, grades, retention, and 4-year graduation, whereas the findings are mixed
and mostly nonsignificant for male students. The results are similar regardless of students’
race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and precollege academic ability.

How collegiate fraternity and sorority involvement relates to substance use during young adulthood and
substance use disorders in early midlife: A national longitudinal study

Sean Esteban McCabe, Philip Veliz, John E Schulenberg

Journal of Adolescent Health 62 (3), S35-S43, 2018

Purpose

To assess how social fraternity involvement (i.e., membership and residence) in college relates to
substance use behaviors and substance use disorder symptoms during young adulthood and early
midlife in a national sample.

Methods

National multi-cohort probability samples of US high school seniors from the Monitoring the Future
study were assessed at baseline (age 18) and followed longitudinally via self-administered surveys across
seven follow-up waves to age 35. The longitudinal sample consisted of 7,019 males and 8,661 females,
of which 10% of males and 10% of females were active members of fraternities or sororities during
college.

Results

Male fraternity members who lived in fraternity houses during college had the highest levels of binge
drinking and marijuana use relative to non-members and non-students in young adulthood that
continued through age 35, controlling for adolescent sociodemographic and other characteristics. At age
35, 45% of the residential fraternity members reported alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms reflecting
mild to severe AUDs; their adjusted odds of experiencing AUD symptoms at age 35 were higher than all
other college and noncollege groups except non-residential fraternity members. Residential sorority
members had higher odds of AUD symptoms at age 35 when compared with their noncollege female
peers.

Conclusions

National longitudinal data confirm binge drinking and marijuana use are most prevalent among male
fraternity residents relative to non-members and non-students. The increased risk of substance-related
consequences associated with fraternity involvement was not developmentally limited to college and is
associated with higher levels of long-term AUD symptoms during early midlife.