List of presidents of the Philippines

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Malacañang Palace in Manila is the official residence of the president.[note 1] Built in 1750, it has become a
prominent symbol of and metonym for the office.

Under the Constitution of the Philippines, the president of the

Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pilipinas) is both the head of state and government,
and serves as the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces.[4][5] The president
is directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term and must be "a natural-born
citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years
of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years
immediately preceding such election". Any person who has served as president for
more than six years is barred from eligibility. Upon resignation, or removal from office,
the vice president assumes the post.[6]

History[edit]
Emilio Aguinaldo became the inaugural president of the Philippines under the Malolos
Republic, considered the First Philippine Republic.[7][note 2] He held that office until 1901
when he was captured by United States forces during the Philippine–American
War (1899–1902).[4] The American colonization of the Philippines abolished the First
Republic,[12] which led to an American governor-general exercising executive power.[19]
In 1935, the United States, pursuant to its promise of full Philippine sovereignty,
[20]
 established the Commonwealth of the Philippines following the ratification of the 1935
Constitution, which also restored the presidency. The first national presidential
election was held,[note 3] and Manuel L. Quezon (1935–44) was elected to a six-year term,
with no provision for re-election,[5] as the second Philippine president and the first
Commonwealth president.[note 2] In 1940, however, the Constitution was amended to allow
re-election but shortened the term to four years.[4] A change in government occurred
three years later when the Second Philippine Republic was organized with the
enactment of the 1943 Constitution, which Japan imposed after it occupied the
Philippines in 1942 during World War II.[23] José P. Laurel acted as puppet president of
the new Japanese-sponsored government;[24] his de facto presidency,[25] not legally
recognized until the 1960s,[11] overlapped with that of the president of the
Commonwealth, which went into exile. The Second Republic was dissolved after Japan
surrendered to the Allies in 1945; the Commonwealth was restored in the Philippines in
the same year with Sergio Osmeña (1944–46) as president.[4]
Manuel Roxas (1946–1948) followed Osmeña when he won the first post-war election in
1946. He became the first president of the independent Philippines when the
Commonwealth ended on July 4 of that year. The Third Republic was ushered in and
would cover the administrations of the next five presidents, the last of which
was Ferdinand Marcos (1965–86),[4] who performed a self-coup by imposing martial
law in 1972.[26] The dictatorship of Marcos saw the birth of the New
Society (Filipino: Bagong Lipunan) and the Fourth Republic. His tenure lasted until 1986
when he was deposed in the People Power Revolution. The current constitution came
into effect in 1987, marking the beginning of the Fifth Republic.[4]
Of the individuals elected as president, three died in office: two of natural causes
(Manuel L. Quezon[27] and Manuel Roxas[28]) and one in a plane crash (Ramon
Magsaysay, 1953–57[29]). The longest-serving president is Ferdinand Marcos with
20 years and 57 days in office; he is the only president to have served more than two
terms. The shortest is Sergio Osmeña, who spent 1 year and 300 days in office.
Two women have held the office: Corazon Aquino (1986–92), who ascended to the
presidency upon the successful People Power Revolution of 1986, and Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo (2001–10), who, as vice president, ascended to the presidency upon
Estrada's resignation and was elected to a full six-year term in 2004.

Presidents[edit]
Vice
N Name Electi
Portrait Party Term preside Era
o. (Lifespan) on
nt

January
23,
Emilio 1899 –
Aguinal March First
1 do None 23, 1899 None[b]
Republic
(1869– 1901[a]
1964)
(2 years,
59 days)

None[c] August –[d] None

14,
1898 – U.S.
July 4, Military
1902 Government
(3 years,
324 days)

July 4, U.S. Insular

1901 – Government
 Novemb
er 15,
1935
(34 years,
134 days)

1935
Novemb
er 15,
Manuel 1935 –
Nacionalis
L. August Sergio Commonwe
2 ta Party
Quezon Nationalist
1, Osmeña alth
(1878– 1944 [e] 1941
Party
1944)
(8 years,
260 days)

October
14,
KALIBA 1943 –
Jose P. PI August Second
3 Laurel Association 1943 None[b]
(1891– for Service
17, Republic
1959) to the New 1945[f]
Philippines (1 year,
307 days)

August
1, 1944
Sergio Nacionalis – May
4 Osmeña ta Party 28, 1941 Vacant[g]
(1878– Nationalist 1946 Commonwe
1961) Party
(1 year, alth
300 days)

May 28,
1946 –
Manuel April
Roxas Liberal 15, Elpidio
5
(1892– Party 1948[e] 1946 Quirino
1948) Third
(1 year,
323 days) Republic

6 Elpidio Liberal April Vacant[g]

 17,
1948 –
Quirino Decemb Fernand
(1890– Party er 30, 1949
1956)
o Lopez
1953
(5 years,
257 days)

Decemb
er 30,
Ramon 1953 –
Nacionalis Carlos
Magsays March
7 ta Party P.
ay Nationalist
17,
(1907– 1957[e] 1953 Garcia
Party
1957)
(3 years,
77 days)

Vacant[g]

March
18,
Carlos
Nacionalis 1957 –
P. Diosdad
8 ta Party Decemb
Garcia o
(1896–
Nationalist er 30, 1957
Party 1961 Macapa
1971) gal
(4 years,
287 days)

Decemb
er 30,
Diosdad
1961 –
o Emman
Liberal Decemb
9 Macapa 1961 uel
Party er 30,
gal Pelaez
(1910–
1965
1997) (4 years,
0 days)

Ferdina Nacionalis Decemb 1965

Fernand
10 nd ta Party er 30,
o Lopez
Marcos Nationalist 1965 –
 1969
Marcos
1973[i]
None [b] dictatorship
Party
1977[i]
(1917–1989) February New Society
Kilusang 25, 1986[h]
Bagong (20 years,
57 days) Fourth
Lipunan 1981 Vacant[j]
New Republic
Society
Movement
United
Nationalis
t Februar
y 25, Provisional
Corazon Democrati
1986 – Government
Aquino c Salvador
11 June 30, 1986
(1933– Organizati Laurel
2009) on 1992
(6 years,
Independe 126 days) Fifth
nt Republic

Lakas– June 30,

NUCD 1992 –
Fidel V. People June 30, Joseph
12 Ramos Power- 1992
(1928– National
1998 Estrada
2022) Union of (6 years,
Christian 0 days)
Democrats

13 Joseph Laban ng June 30, 1998 Gloria

Estrada Makabaya 1998 – Macapa
(born ng January gal
1937) Masang 20, Arroyo
Pilipino 2001[k]
Struggle of
the Patriotic (2 years,
Filipino 204 days)
Masses
 Vacant
Teofisto
Guingon
a Jr.
January
Gloria Lakas– 20,
Macapa CMD 2001 –
People
14 gal June 30,
Power-
Arroyo Christian 2010
(born Muslim (9 years, Noli de
1947) Democrats 2004
161 days) Castro

June 30,
Benigno 2010 –
Aquino Liberal June 30, Jejomar
15 III 2016 2010
Party Binay
(1960–
2021) (6 years,
0 days)

16 Rodrigo PDP– June 30, 2016 Leni

Duterte Laban 2016 – Robredo
(born Philippine June 30,
1945) Democratic 2022
Party-
People's (6 years,
Power 0 days)
 June 30,
Bongbon Partido
2022 –
g Federal ng
incumbe Sara
17 Marcos Pilipinas 2022
nt Duterte
Federal
(born
Party of the (284 days
1957)
Philippines )

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