lks of post-war Philippines[edit]

Washington, D.C. Representatives of 26 United Nations at Flag day ceremonies in the White House to reaffirm
their pact. Seated, left to right: Francisco Castillo Najera, Ambassador of Mexico; President Roosevelt; Manuel
Quezon, President of the Philippine Islands; and Secretary of State Cordell Hull.

On the occasion of his first birthday celebration in the United States, Manuel Quezon broadcast a
radio message to the Philippine residents in Hawaii, who contributed to the celebration by
purchasing four million pesos worth of World War II bonds.[24] Further showing the Philippine
government's cooperation with the war effort, Quezon officially offered the U.S. Army a Philippine
infantry regiment, which was authorized by the U.S. Department of War to train in California. He also
had the Philippine government acquire Elizalde's yacht, which, renamed Bataan and crewed by
Philippine officers and sailors, was donated to the United States for use in the war. [24]

Quezon's official portrait at Malacañan Palace

Early in November 1942, Quezon held conferences with President Roosevelt to work out a plan for
the creation of a joint commission to study the economic conditions of post-war Philippines. Eighteen
months later, the United States Congress would pass an Act creating the Philippine Rehabilitation
Commission as an outcome of such talks between the two Presidents. [24]
Quezon-Osmeña impasse[edit]
By 1943, the Philippine government-in-exile was faced with a serious crisis. [24] According to the 1935
Constitution, the official term of President Quezon was to expire on 30 December 1943 and Vice-
President Sergio Osmeña would automatically succeed him to the presidency. This eventuality was
brought to the attention of President Quezon by Osmeña himself, who wrote the former to this effect.
Aside from replying to this letter informing Vice-President Osmeña that it would not be wise and
prudent to effect any such change under the circumstances, President Quezon issued a press
release along the same line. Osmeña then requested the opinion of U.S. Attorney General Homer
Cummings, who upheld Osmeña's view as more in keeping with the law. Quezon, however,
remained adamant. He accordingly sought President Roosevelt's decision. The latter chose to
remain aloof from the controversy, suggesting instead that the Philippine officials themselves solve
the impasse.[24]
A cabinet meeting was then convened by President Quezon. Aside from Quezon and Osmeña,
others present in this momentous meeting were Resident Commissioner Joaquín Elizalde, Brig.
Gen. Carlos P. Romulo, and his cabinet secretaries, Andrés Soriano and Jaime Hernandez.
Following a spirited discussion, the Cabinet supported Elizalde's opinion favoring the decision, and
announced his plan to retire in California.[24]
After the meeting, however, Osmeña approached Quezon and broached his plan to ask the United
States Congress to suspend the constitutional provisions for presidential succession until after the
Philippines had been liberated. This legal way out was agreeable to Quezon and the members of his
cabinet. Proper steps were taken to carry out the proposal. Sponsored by Senator Tydings and
Congressman Bell, the pertinent resolution was unanimously approved by the Senate on a voice
vote and passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 181 to 107 on 10 November 1943. [24]
Death[edit]

Tomb of President Quezon and his wife Aurora inside the Quezon Memorial Shrine, Quezon City

Quezon suffered from tuberculosis and spent his last years in hospitals, such as at a Miami Beach
Army hospital in April 1944.[42] That summer, he was at a "cure cottage" in Saranac Lake, New York.
He died in that cottage at 10:05 a.m. on 1 August 1944 , less than three weeks shy of his 66th
birthday. He was initially buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His body was later brought by former
Governor-General and High Commissioner Frank Murphy on board the USS Princeton and re-
interred in Manila at the Manila North Cemetery on 17 July 1946.[43] Quezon's remains were then
moved to Quezon City within a miniature copy of Napoleon's tomb[44] at the Quezon Memorial
Shrine on 1 August 1979.[45]

Electoral history[edit]
Candidate Party Votes %

Manuel L. Quezon Nacionalista Party 695,332 67.98

 Candidate Party Votes %

Emilio Aguinaldo National Socialist Party 179,349 17.53

Gregorio Aglipay Republican Party 148,010 14.47

Pascual Racuyal Independent 158 0.02

Total 1,022,849 100.00

Candidate Party Votes %

Manuel L. Quezon Nacionalista Party 1,340,320 81.78

Juan Sumulong Popular Front 298,608 18.22

Hilario Moncado Modernist Party 0 0.00

Total 1,638,928 100.00

Personal life[edit]

President Quezon with his wife Aurora (left) and daughter Maria Aurora "Baby" (right) in 1938

Quezon was married to his first cousin, Aurora Aragón Quezon, on 17 December 1918. The couple
had four children: María Aurora "Baby" Quezon (23 September 1919 – 28 April 1949), María
Zenaida "Nini" Quezon-Avanceña (9 April 1921 – 12 July 2021), Luisa Corazón Paz "Nenita"
Quezon (17 February – 14 December 1924) and Manuel L. "Nonong" Quezon, Jr. (23 June 1926 –
18 September 1998).[46] His grandson, Manuel L. "Manolo" Quezon III (born 30 May 1970), a
prominent writer and former undersecretary of the Presidential Communications Development and
Strategic Planning Office, was named after him.

Awards and honors[edit]

Foreign Honors

  France:  : Légion d'honneur, Officier[46]

  Mexico:  : Order of the Aztec Eagle, Collar
  Belgium:  : Order of the Crown, Grand Cross
  Spain:  : Orden de la República Española, Grand Cross
  Republic of China:  : Order of Brilliant Jade, Grand Cordon
National Honors

 : Order of the Golden Heart, Grand Collar (Maringal na Kuwintas) - posthumous

(19 August 1960) [47]

 : The Order of the Knights of Rizal, Knight Grand Cross of Rizal (KGCR).[48]

 Manuel L. Quezon Day (19 August) – celebrated throughout the entire Philippines as a
special working holiday with the exception of the Provinces
of Quezon and Aurora, Quezon City, and City of Lucena where it shall be a special non-
working holiday.[49][50]

Legacy[edit]
 Quezon City, the Quezon Province, Quezon Bridge in Manila and the Manuel L. Quezon
University, and many streets are named after him. The highest honor conferred by the
Republic of the Philippines is the Quezon Service Cross. He is also memorialized
on Philippine currency. He appears on the Philippine twenty peso bill. He also appears
on two commemorative one peso coins (1936), one alongside Frank Murphy and
another with Franklin Delano Roosevelt.[51]
 The "Open Doors" is a Holocaust memorial in Rishon LeZion, Israel. It is a 7-metre
(23 ft) high sculpture designed by Filipino artist Luis Lee Jr. and erected in honor and
thanks to President Manuel Quezon and the Filipinos who saved over 1,200 Jews
from Nazi Germany.[52][53]
 Municipalities in six different provinces of the Philippines are named after
Quezon: Quezon, Bukidnon; Quezon, Isabela; Quezon, Nueva Ecija; Quezon, Nueva
Vizcaya; Quezon, Palawan; and Quezon, Quezon.
 The Presidential Papers of Manuel L. Quezon was officially inscribed in
the UNESCO Memory of the World Register in 2011.[54]
 Quezon Island, the most developed island in the Hundred Islands National Park, is
named after him.[55]
 

Quezon Service Cross, the highest honor conferred by the Republic of the Philippines
 

Quezon monument at Lucena

 

Quezon on Time magazine cover, 1935

 

1978 Philippine stamp commemorating the birth centenary of Quezon

  

200 peso English series bill